A method for preparing bio-organic fertilizer by fermenting plant straw

Abstract

The invention provides a method for preparing bio-organic fertilizer by fermenting plant straw, belonging to the technical field of organic fertilizers. The method comprises pre-treating the plant straw, preparing fermentation solid matter, preparing antibacterial active ingredients, preparing functional additives, and fermenting. In the fermentation, the pre-treated plant straw, the fermentation solid matter, and the functional additives are piled for fermentation, and the first turning of the pile is performed when the temperature in the pile reaches 52-56°C. The pile is turned once every 18-21 hours, and after two turnings, the turning is stopped and the pile is allowed to stand until the temperature in the pile drops to 30-34°C. Fulvic acid, diammonium phosphate, ammonium chloride, superphosphate, and magnesium sulfate are added, mixed evenly, and fermented again. The pile is turned once every 15-17 hours, and after two turnings, the fermentation is terminated. The bio-organic fertilizer is granulated and dried to obtain the bio-organic fertilizer. The bio-organic fertilizer obtained by the method of the invention has low harmful pathogen content, short fermentation cycle, stable efficacy, and excellent application effect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of organic fertilizers, and in particular relates to a method for preparing bio-organic fertilizers by fermenting plant straws. Background Art

[0002] my country has a large grain output and abundant plant straw resources. Wheat, corn and rice straw have become the three major plant straw resources in my country. In recent years, with the popularization of coal, electricity and natural gas, and the abundance of various industrial products, the demand for plant straw has greatly decreased. Plant straw is usually piled up on the edge of fields, or thrown into garbage dumps and rivers, which will affect farmland operations. In addition, random stacking can easily breed pests and diseases, cause the spread of pathogens, and seriously threaten transportation safety. Straw burning emits more particulate matter and pollutants from biomass combustion, which causes serious pollution to the environment and wastes biomass resources.

[0003] In the context of building a resource-saving and environmentally friendly society in my country, the comprehensive utilization of plant straw resources is of great significance for promoting farmers' income growth, environmental protection, resource conservation and sustainable development of the agricultural economy.

[0004] Long-term use of chemical fertilizers has led to serious problems such as soil compaction, deterioration, nutrient imbalance, and the breeding of pests and diseases. Land yields have declined, and harmful components such as heavy metals in the soil will enter crops, affecting their growth and even human health.

[0005] The main components of plant straw include cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, which are the nutrient sources of microorganisms. Plant straw is fermented to prepare biological organic fertilizer. The nutrients in plant straw are very suitable for crop absorption, thus helping to promote the growth and development of crops. In addition, plant straw has good structure, which can improve the aeration of compost, reduce the generation of odor under anaerobic conditions, and promote the reproduction of aerobic microorganisms. It can effectively improve the soil, improve the physical and chemical conditions and biological properties of the soil, help mature the soil, enhance the soil's water retention, fertilizer retention and fertilizer supply capabilities, alleviate the soil compaction caused by long-term use of chemical fertilizers, adsorb and fix harmful substances in the soil, and create good soil conditions for crop growth.

[0006] Therefore, fermenting plant straw and using it to prepare organic fertilizer is in line with the concept of ecological agricultural development and has important research significance.

[0007] The existing technology uses plant straw fermentation to prepare bio-organic fertilizer. The carbon content in plant straw is high, and a large amount of nitrogen source needs to be added during the fermentation process. The nitrogen source is mainly poultry and livestock manure. Plant straw itself does not contain antibacterial and insecticidal ingredients. When mixed with livestock and poultry manure for fermentation, the content of harmful pathogens in the prepared bio-organic fertilizer exceeds the standard, which can easily lead to outbreaks of diseases and pests, and thus pose a safety hazard to the growth of crops. In addition, the fermentation cycle of plant straw is long and it is easy to be incompletely fermented, resulting in large differences in the nutrient content of the fertilizer, causing problems such as root and seedling burns or failure to meet the nutrient needs of crops. The bio-organic fertilizer prepared by fermentation of plant straw has poor efficacy stability, unstable product quality, and poor application effect. Summary of the Invention

[0008] In order to solve the technical problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a method for preparing biological organic fertilizer by fermenting plant straw, which overcomes the problem of excessive content of harmful pathogens caused by adding a large amount of nitrogen source during the fermentation process, shortens the fermentation cycle, ensures thorough fermentation, stable efficacy and excellent application effect.

[0009] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0010] A method for preparing bio-organic fertilizer by fermenting plant straw includes plant straw pretreatment, preparation of fermentation solids, preparation of antibacterial active ingredients, preparation of functional additives, and fermentation steps, specifically as follows:

[0011] 1. Plant straw pretreatment

[0012] The plant straw is placed in a grinder and crushed to a particle size of 130-150 mesh, deionized water is added and stirred evenly to make the moisture content thereof 63-67wt%, and then steam sterilized, the sterilization temperature is controlled to be 120-125°C, the sterilization time is 28-32min, and the plant straw is dried to a moisture content of 4.8-5.2wt% to obtain sterilized plant straw; the sterilized plant straw is placed in a sulfuric acid solution, the temperature is increased to 86-90°C and stirred for 5.8-6.2h. After the stirring is completed, the plant straw is taken out and washed with deionized water, dried at 106-112°C for 9.0-11.0h, and then sprayed with a pretreatment liquid, the spraying rate is controlled to be 4.5-5.5g / min, and after the spraying is completed, the temperature is increased to 50-54°C at a rate of 1.8-2.2°C / min, and the mixture is stirred at this temperature for 3.6-4.3h. The solid matter is filtered out and dried to obtain pretreated plant straw;

[0013] The plant straw is a mixture of corn straw, wheat straw and reed straw, and the mass ratio of the corn straw, wheat straw and reed straw is 1-2:1-2:1-1.3;

[0014] The mass ratio of the sterilized plant straw, sulfuric acid solution, and pretreatment liquid is 11.7-12.2:96-104:117-124;

[0015] The mass concentration of the sulfuric acid solution is 66-70%;

[0016] The pretreatment liquid is a mixture of deionized water, potassium nicotinate, chitosan and ammonium sulfate, and the mass ratio of the deionized water, potassium nicotinate, chitosan and ammonium sulfate is 100:6.0-6.4:8.3-8.7:7.3-7.8.

[0017] 2. Preparation of Fermentation Solids

[0018] Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma, and Bacillus cereus are mixed, and then inoculated into an activation culture medium for activation culture, the culture time is 28-31 hours, the culture temperature is 29-31° C., and after the culture is completed, an activation culture solution is obtained; the activation culture solution is inoculated into a seed culture medium at an inoculum amount of 5.0-7.0% by volume for seed culture, the culture time is 23-25 hours, the culture temperature is 28-30° C., and after the culture is completed, a seed solution is obtained; the seed solution is inoculated into a fermentation culture medium at an inoculum amount of 9-12% by volume for fermentation culture, the culture time is 23-25 hours, the culture temperature is 28-31° C., and after the culture is completed, a fermentation solid is obtained by separation;

[0019] The mass ratio of the Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma, and Bacillus cereus is 0.8-1.2:0.8-1:1.0-1.2, and the Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma, and Bacillus cereus are all purchased from the market;

[0020] The activation culture medium comprises 9.8-10.3 g / L glucose, 7.7-8.2 g / L peptone, 4.8-5.2 g / L sodium chloride, and 3.4-3.7 g / L beef extract.

[0021] The components of the seed culture medium are glucose 22.3-22.8 g / L, tryptone 6.2-6.6 g / L, yeast powder 7.2-7.7 g / L, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1.0-1.3 g / L, calcium chloride 1.6-2.0 g / L, and pantothenic acid 0.23-0.27 g / L;

[0022] The fermentation medium comprises 25.4-26.0 g / L of glucose, 14.4-14.8 g / L of yeast powder, 7.0-7.5 g / L of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 2.2-2.7 g / L of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 0.8-1.2 g / L of ammonium sulfate, 0.07-0.10 g / L of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, 0.24-0.26 g / L of biotin, 0.30-0.32 g / L of glutamic acid, and 0.28-0.32 g / L of Triton X-100.

[0023] 3. Preparation of antibacterial active ingredients

[0024] The peeled fresh garlic and perilla leaves were washed and vacuum dried with a vacuum degree of 0.04-0.06 MPa, a drying temperature of 68-72°C, and a drying time of 1.8-2.2 h. After drying, the mixture was crushed to a particle size of 0.4-0.6 μm to obtain a mixed powder; the mixed powder was placed in 8-12 times the mass of 68-72 wt% ethanol solution, heated to 46-50°C at a rate of 1.8-2.2°C / min, stirred for 1.8-2.2 h, and a stirring speed of 190-210 rpm. After the stirring was completed, a Ultrasonic extraction, controlling the ultrasonic frequency to 38-42kHz, the ultrasonic power to 254-266W, and the ultrasonic time to 32-37min; after the first ultrasonication, raising the temperature to 56-60°C at a rate of 1.0-1.4°C / min; performing a second ultrasonic extraction, controlling the ultrasonic frequency to 30-34kHz, the ultrasonic power to 285-293W, and the ultrasonic time to 20-24min; after the second ultrasonication, filtering to obtain an extract; concentrating the extract at 63-67°C to 18-22% of the original volume; and drying to obtain the antibacterial active ingredient;

[0025] The mass ratio of the peeled fresh garlic to the perilla leaves is 1.3-1.6:1.1.

[0026] 4. Preparation of functional additives

[0027] (1) Preliminary preparation

[0028] The plant straw was crushed to a particle size of 240-260 mesh, placed in a sealed container, and potassium citrate solution was introduced. The temperature was raised to 117-122°C and kept warm for 1.8-2.2 hours. After the insulation was completed, the straw was filtered out and dried, placed in a calcining furnace, and heated to 416-424°C at a rate of 4.7-5.3°C / min, and kept warm for 3.8-4.2 hours to obtain straw powder. The straw powder was placed in an ethanol solution, the temperature was raised to 51-55°C, and 1.55-1.60 g glycidyl trimethylammonium chloride, stirred evenly, filtered, washed, and dried to obtain pretreated straw powder; placing the antibacterial active ingredient in an ethanol solution, adding polyethylene glycol 300, stirring evenly, adding the pretreated straw powder, raising the temperature to 43-47° C. for ultrasonic treatment, with an ultrasonic time of 38-42 minutes, an ultrasonic power of 121-130 W, and an ultrasonic frequency of 24-28 kHz. After the ultrasonic treatment, filtering and drying to obtain a preliminary functional additive;

[0029] The plant straw is a mixture of corn straw, wheat straw and reed straw, and the mass ratio of the corn straw, wheat straw and reed straw is 1-2:1-2:1-2;

[0030] The mass ratio of the plant straw to the potassium citrate solution is 14.6-15.3:145-158;

[0031] The mass concentration of the potassium citrate solution is 23-27%;

[0032] The mass ratio of the straw powder, ethanol solution, and glycidyl trimethylammonium chloride is 13.3-13.8:116-124:1.55-1.60; the mass concentration of the ethanol solution is 30-34%;

[0033] The mass ratio of the antibacterial active ingredient, ethanol solution, polyethylene glycol 300, and pretreated straw powder is 9.8-10.2:116-125:1.0-1.4:12.7-13.4; the mass concentration of the ethanol solution is 28-32%;

[0034] (2) Post-processing

[0035] Sodium alginate, hydroxyethyl cellulose and polyacrylamide are added to deionized water, and after stirring evenly, N,N-methylenebisacrylamide and ammonium persulfate are added, and after stirring evenly, a preliminary functional additive is added, the temperature is increased to 34-38° C., and the mixture is stirred at 640-660 rpm for 1.7-2.2 hours. After the stirring is completed, the mixture is filtered, washed and dried to obtain a functional additive;

[0036] The mass ratio of the deionized water, sodium alginate, hydroxyethyl cellulose, polyacrylamide, N,N-methylenebisacrylamide, ammonium persulfate, and preliminary functional additives is 490-510:3.2-3.6:1.7-2.3:9.6-10.0:0.23-0.28:0.50-0.55:52.6-53.5;

[0037] 5. Fermentation

[0038] The pretreated plant straw, fermentation solids, and functional additives are mixed evenly, piled and fermented, and the first turning of the pile is performed when the temperature inside the pile reaches 52-56° C. The pile is turned once every 18-21 hours, and the turning is performed twice. The turning is stopped, and the pile is allowed to stand until the temperature inside the pile drops to 30-34° C. Fulvic acid, diammonium phosphate, ammonium chloride, superphosphate, and magnesium sulfate are added and mixed evenly, and the fermentation is performed again. The pile is turned once every 15-17 hours, and the pile is turned twice. The fermentation is completed, and the bio-organic fertilizer is obtained by granulation and drying.

[0039] The mass ratio of the pretreated plant straw, fermentation solids, functional additives, fulvic acid, diammonium phosphate, ammonium chloride, superphosphate, and magnesium sulfate is 98-103:4.8-5.2:10.3-10.8:1.0-1.4:2.0-2.6:4.0-4.5:0.8-1.2:0.6-1.0.

[0040] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has achieved the following beneficial effects:

[0041] 1. The present invention uses plant straw fermentation to prepare biological organic fertilizer. First, the plant straw is pretreated, specifically, the plant straw is steam sterilized, and then activated with a sulfuric acid solution to dissolve part of the lignin structure and increase the contact area with microorganisms. Then, the pretreatment liquid is sprayed. The tobacco potassium in the pretreatment liquid serves as a potassium source and can provide nutrient elements for the growth of microorganisms. Ammonium sulfate serves as a nitrogen source and can supplement the nitrogen element in the fermentation medium. Chitosan, as a natural preparation, can promote the growth and reproduction of microorganisms during the fermentation process, improve the quality of the fermentation product, and improve the stress resistance of crops. Pretreatment of the plant straw can better promote the fermentation process and improve the quality of the fermentation product. The present invention has a plurality of fermentation bacteria. Activation culture, seed culture and fermentation culture are carried out respectively, so as to provide bacteria with higher activity for the subsequent fermentation step, and increase the number of fermentation bacteria, which can better promote the decomposition and conversion of organic matter in straw; the present invention also introduces functional additives in the fermentation step, specifically, the plant straw is activated by potassium citrate alkali solution, which can destroy the cell structure of the straw and increase the porosity of the calcined product; the obtained straw powder is treated with glycidyl trimethylammonium chloride to obtain pretreated straw powder; glycidyl trimethylammonium chloride is a quaternary ammonium salt, and its cationic part can interact with the hydroxyl group of the straw powder, which helps to reduce the agglomeration force between the straw powder, improve the dispersibility, and improve the wettability of the straw powder; and its It can also improve the soil structure and enhance the activity of microorganisms, thereby promoting the fermentation process, shortening the fermentation time and making the fermentation thorough. The pretreated straw powder is mixed with the antibacterial active ingredient, and the antibacterial active ingredient is adsorbed into the pores, which can improve the antibacterial performance of the preliminary functional additive and avoid the massive reproduction of harmful pathogens during the fermentation process. In the post-processing step, the cross-linking of polyacrylamide can be promoted by adding a cross-linking agent and an initiator. Sodium alginate, hydroxyethyl cellulose and polyacrylamide can be entangled and interwoven with each other through interaction, thereby forming a stable three-dimensional network structure on the surface of the preliminary functional additive, improving the stability of the functional additive, and promoting the growth and reproduction of microorganisms during the fermentation process. It also has rich The holes effectively improve the soil structure, increase the water retention capacity and air permeability of the soil, improve the soil environment, and promote crop growth. The present invention omits livestock and poultry manure with a large amount of harmful pathogens as a nitrogen source during the fermentation process. The present invention provides a large amount of nitrogen source for the plant straw through the pretreatment of the plant straw and the addition of diammonium phosphate, ammonium chloride and other components during the fermentation process. In addition, the growth and reproduction of harmful bacteria during the fermentation process are inhibited by adding antibacterial active ingredients. Under the joint action of various technical means, the fermentation time is shortened, the fermentation is made more thorough, the uniformity and stability of the bio-organic fertilizer are improved, the application effect of the bio-organic fertilizer is good, it has a good promoting effect on crop growth, effectively increases crop yield, and increases crop quality;

[0042] 2. The bio-organic fertilizer prepared by the method of the present invention has a total humic acid content of 26.5-27.0%, an organic matter content of 55.1-55.7%, and a total nutrient content of 116.2-117.9 g / kg;

[0043] 3. The bio-organic fertilizer prepared by the method of the present invention was used in a tomato planting experiment. The tomato yield per mu was 5748-5765 kg, the incidence of gray mold was 2.1-2.5%, the incidence of green scab was 1.4-1.9%, the incidence of whitefly was 1.0-1.4%, the vitamin C content of tomato fruit was 56.7-57.5 mg / 100 g, the deformity rate was 1.5-1.9%, and the soluble sugar content was 5.3-5.7%. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] In order to more clearly understand the technical features, purposes and effects of the present invention, specific embodiments of the present invention are now described.

[0045] Example 1

[0046] 1. Plant straw pretreatment

[0047] The plant straw was placed in a grinder and crushed to a particle size of 140 mesh, deionized water was added and stirred evenly to make its moisture content 65wt%, and then steam sterilized, the sterilization temperature was controlled to 123°C, the sterilization time was 30min, and the plant straw was dried to a moisture content of 5.0wt% to obtain sterilized plant straw; 12.0g of the sterilized plant straw was placed in 100g of 68wt% sulfuric acid solution, the temperature was raised to 88°C and stirred for 6.0h. After the stirring was completed, the plant straw was taken out and washed with deionized water, dried at 110°C for 10.0h, and then sprayed with 120g of pretreatment liquid at a spray rate of 5.0g / min. After the spraying was completed, the temperature was raised to 52°C at a rate of 2.0°C / min, kept warm and stirred for 4.0h, the solid matter was filtered out, and the pretreated plant straw was obtained by drying;

[0048] The plant straw is a mixture of corn straw, wheat straw and reed straw, and the mass ratio of the corn straw, wheat straw and reed straw is 1:1:1;

[0049] The pretreatment liquid is a mixture of deionized water, potassium nicotinate, chitosan and ammonium sulfate, and the mass ratio of the deionized water, potassium nicotinate, chitosan and ammonium sulfate is 100:6.2:8.5:7.6.

[0050] 2. Preparation of Fermentation Solids

[0051] Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma, and Bacillus cereus are mixed, and then inoculated into an activation culture medium for activation culture, the culture time is 30 hours, the culture temperature is 30°C, and after the culture is completed, an activation culture solution is obtained; the activation culture solution is inoculated into a seed culture medium at an inoculum amount of 6.0% by volume for seed culture, the culture time is 24 hours, the culture temperature is 29°C, and after the culture is completed, a seed solution is obtained; the seed solution is inoculated into a fermentation culture medium at an inoculum amount of 10% by volume for fermentation culture, the culture time is 24 hours, the culture temperature is 30°C, and after the culture is completed, a fermentation solid is obtained by separation;

[0052] The mass ratio of the Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma, and Bacillus cereus is 1:1:1, and the Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma, and Bacillus cereus are all purchased from the market;

[0053] The activation medium comprises 10 g / L glucose, 8.0 g / L peptone, 5.0 g / L sodium chloride, and 3.6 g / L beef extract.

[0054] The components of the seed culture medium are glucose 22.5 g / L, tryptone 6.4 g / L, yeast powder 7.5 g / L, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1.1 g / L, calcium chloride 1.8 g / L, and pantothenic acid 0.25 g / L;

[0055] The fermentation medium comprises 25.8 g / L glucose, 14.6 g / L yeast extract, 7.2 g / L potassium hydrogen phosphate, 2.5 g / L magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 1.0 g / L ammonium sulfate, 0.08 g / L ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, 0.25 g / L biotin, 0.31 g / L glutamic acid, and 0.30 g / L Triton X-100.

[0056] 3. Preparation of antibacterial active ingredients

[0057] The peeled fresh garlic and perilla leaves were washed and vacuum dried at a vacuum degree of 0.05 MPa, a drying temperature of 70°C, and a drying time of 2.0 h. After drying, the mixture was crushed to a particle size of 0.5 μm to obtain a mixed powder; the mixed powder was placed in a 10-fold mass of 70wt% ethanol solution, heated to 48°C at a rate of 2.0°C / min and stirred for 2.0 h at a stirring speed of 200 rpm. After stirring, an ultrasonic extraction was performed once, with the ultrasonic frequency controlled at 40 kHz, the ultrasonic power at 260 W, and the ultrasonic time at 35 min. After the first ultrasonic extraction, the temperature was raised to 58°C at a rate of 1.2°C / min, and a second ultrasonic extraction was performed, with the ultrasonic frequency controlled at 32 kHz, the ultrasonic power at 290 W, and the ultrasonic time at 22 min. After the second ultrasonic extraction, an extract was obtained by filtration, and the extract was concentrated to 20% of the original volume at 65°C and dried to obtain the antibacterial active ingredient;

[0058] The mass ratio of the peeled fresh garlic to the perilla leaves is 1.4:1.1.

[0059] 4. Preparation of functional additives

[0060] (1) Preliminary preparation

[0061] 15.0g of plant straw was crushed to a particle size of 250 mesh, placed in a sealed container, and 150g of 25wt% potassium citrate solution was introduced. The temperature was raised to 120℃ and kept warm for 2.0h. After the end of the insulation, the solution was filtered out and dried, placed in a calcining furnace, and heated to 420℃ at a rate of 5.0℃ / min and kept warm for 4.0h to obtain straw powder; 13.5g of straw powder was placed in 120g of 32wt% ethanol solution, the temperature was raised to 53℃, 1.58g of glycidyl trimethylammonium chloride was added and stirred, and after stirring evenly, the solution was filtered, washed and dried to obtain pretreated straw powder; 10.0g of antibacterial active ingredient was placed in 120g 1.2 g of polyethylene glycol 300 was added to a 30 wt% ethanol solution, stirred evenly, and then 13.0 g of pretreated straw powder was added. The temperature was raised to 45°C for ultrasonic treatment. The ultrasonic time was 40 min, the ultrasonic power was 126 W, and the ultrasonic frequency was 26 kHz. After the ultrasonic treatment, the solution was filtered and dried to obtain a preliminary functional additive.

[0062] The plant straw is a mixture of corn straw, wheat straw and reed straw, and the mass ratio of the corn straw, wheat straw and reed straw is 1:1:1;

[0063] (2) Post-processing

[0064] To 500 g of deionized water, 3.4 g of sodium alginate, 2.0 g of hydroxyethyl cellulose and 9.8 g of polyacrylamide were added, and after stirring evenly, 0.25 g of N,N-methylenebisacrylamide and 0.52 g of ammonium persulfate were added, and after stirring evenly, 53.0 g of preliminary functional additives were added, the temperature was raised to 36 ° C, and stirred at 650 rpm for 2.0 h. After stirring, the functional additive was filtered, washed and dried.

[0065] 5. Fermentation

[0066] 100 g of pretreated plant straw, 5.0 g of fermentation solids, and 10.6 g of functional additives were mixed evenly, piled up for fermentation, and the pile was turned for the first time when the temperature inside the pile reached 54°C. The pile was turned once every 20 hours, for a total of 2 times. Then, the turning was stopped and the pile was allowed to stand until the temperature inside the pile dropped to 32°C. 1.2 g of fulvic acid, 2.3 g of diammonium phosphate, 4.2 g of ammonium chloride, 1.0 g of superphosphate, and 0.8 g of magnesium sulfate were added and mixed evenly. The mixture was fermented again. The pile was turned once every 16 hours, for a total of 2 times. Finally, the fermentation was terminated. The pile was granulated and dried to obtain a bio-organic fertilizer.

[0067] Example 2

[0068] 1. Plant straw pretreatment

[0069] The plant straw was placed in a grinder and crushed to a particle size of 130 mesh, deionized water was added and stirred evenly to make its moisture content 63wt%, and then steam sterilized, the sterilization temperature was controlled to 120℃, the sterilization time was 28min, and the plant straw was dried to a moisture content of 4.8wt% to obtain sterilized plant straw; 11.7g of sterilized plant straw was placed in 96g of 66wt% sulfuric acid solution, the temperature was increased to 86℃ and stirred for 6.2h. After the stirring was completed, the plant straw was taken out and washed with deionized water, dried at 106℃ for 11.0h, and then sprayed with 117g of pretreatment liquid at a spray rate of 4.5g / min. After the spraying was completed, the temperature was increased to 50℃ at a rate of 1.8℃ / min, and the mixture was stirred at this temperature for 3.6h. The solid matter was filtered out and dried to obtain pretreated plant straw;

[0070] The plant straw is a mixture of corn straw, wheat straw and reed straw, and the mass ratio of the corn straw, wheat straw and reed straw is 2:1.5:1;

[0071] The pretreatment liquid is a mixture of deionized water, potassium nicotinate, chitosan and ammonium sulfate, and the mass ratio of the deionized water, potassium nicotinate, chitosan and ammonium sulfate is 100:6.0:8.3:7.3.

[0072] 2. Preparation of Fermentation Solids

[0073] Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma, and Bacillus cereus are mixed, and then inoculated into an activation culture medium for activation culture, the culture time is 28 hours, the culture temperature is 29° C., and after the culture is completed, an activation culture solution is obtained; the activation culture solution is inoculated into a seed culture medium at an inoculum amount of 5.0% by volume for seed culture, the culture time is 23 hours, the culture temperature is 28° C., and after the culture is completed, a seed solution is obtained; the seed solution is inoculated into a fermentation culture medium at an inoculum amount of 9% by volume for fermentation culture, the culture time is 23 hours, the culture temperature is 28° C., and after the culture is completed, a fermentation solid is obtained by separation;

[0074] The mass ratio of the Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma, and Bacillus cereus is 0.8:1:1.2, and the Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma, and Bacillus cereus are all purchased from the market;

[0075] The activation medium comprises 9.8 g / L glucose, 7.7 g / L peptone, 4.8 g / L sodium chloride, and 3.4 g / L beef extract.

[0076] The components of the seed culture medium are glucose 22.3 g / L, tryptone 6.2 g / L, yeast powder 7.2 g / L, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1.0 g / L, calcium chloride 1.6 g / L, and pantothenic acid 0.23 g / L;

[0077] The fermentation medium comprises 25.4 g / L glucose, 14.4 g / L yeast extract, 7.0 g / L potassium hydrogen phosphate, 2.2 g / L magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 0.8 g / L ammonium sulfate, 0.07 g / L ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, 0.24 g / L biotin, 0.30 g / L glutamic acid, and 0.28 g / L Triton X-100.

[0078] 3. Preparation of antibacterial active ingredients

[0079] The peeled fresh garlic and perilla leaves were washed and vacuum dried with a vacuum degree of 0.04 MPa, a drying temperature of 68°C, and a drying time of 1.8 h. After drying, the mixture was crushed to a particle size of 0.4 μm to obtain a mixed powder; the mixed powder was placed in an 8-fold mass of a 68wt% ethanol solution, heated to 46°C at a rate of 1.8°C / min and stirred for 1.8 h at a stirring speed of 190 rpm. After stirring, an ultrasonic extraction was performed once, with the ultrasonic frequency controlled at 38 kHz, the ultrasonic power at 254 W, and the ultrasonic time at 32 min. After the first ultrasonic extraction, the temperature was raised to 56°C at a rate of 1.0°C / min, and a second ultrasonic extraction was performed, with the ultrasonic frequency controlled at 30 kHz, the ultrasonic power at 285 W, and the ultrasonic time at 20 min. After the second ultrasonic extraction, an extract was obtained by filtration, and the extract was concentrated to 18% of the original volume at 63°C and dried to obtain the antibacterial active ingredient;

[0080] The mass ratio of the peeled fresh garlic to the perilla leaves is 1.3:1.1.

[0081] 4. Preparation of functional additives

[0082] (1) Preliminary preparation

[0083] 14.6g of plant straw was crushed to a particle size of 240 mesh, placed in a sealed container, and 145g of 23wt% potassium citrate solution was introduced. The temperature was raised to 117°C and kept warm for 1.8h. After the insulation was completed, the solution was filtered out and dried, placed in a calcining furnace, and heated to 416°C at a rate of 4.7°C / min and kept warm for 3.8h to obtain straw powder; 13.3g of straw powder was placed in 116g of 30wt% ethanol solution, the temperature was raised to 51°C, 1.55g of glycidyl trimethylammonium chloride was added and stirred, and after stirring evenly, the solution was filtered, washed, and dried to obtain pretreated straw powder; 9.8g of antibacterial active ingredient was placed in 116g 1.0 g of polyethylene glycol 300 was added to a 28 wt% ethanol solution, stirred evenly, and then 12.7 g of pretreated straw powder was added. The temperature was raised to 43 ° C for ultrasonic treatment. The ultrasonic time was 38 min, the ultrasonic power was 121 W, and the ultrasonic frequency was 24 kHz. After the ultrasonic treatment, the solution was filtered and dried to obtain a preliminary functional additive.

[0084] The plant straw is a mixture of corn straw, wheat straw and reed straw, and the mass ratio of the corn straw, wheat straw and reed straw is 1:2:2;

[0085] (2) Post-processing

[0086] To 490 g of deionized water, 3.2 g of sodium alginate, 1.7 g of hydroxyethyl cellulose and 9.6 g of polyacrylamide were added, and after stirring evenly, 0.23 g of N, N-methylenebisacrylamide and 0.50 g of ammonium persulfate were added, and after stirring evenly, 52.6 g of preliminary functional additives were added, the temperature was raised to 34 ° C, and stirred at 640 rpm for 2.2 h. After stirring, the functional additive was obtained by filtering, washing and drying.

[0087] 5. Fermentation

[0088] 98 g of pretreated plant straw, 4.8 g of fermentation solids, and 10.3 g of functional additives were mixed evenly, piled up for fermentation, and the pile was turned for the first time when the temperature inside the pile reached 52°C. The pile was turned once every 18 hours, for a total of 2 times. The turning was stopped, and the pile was allowed to stand until the temperature inside the pile dropped to 30°C. 1.0 g of fulvic acid, 2.0 g of diammonium phosphate, 4.0 g of ammonium chloride, 0.8 g of superphosphate, and 0.6 g of magnesium sulfate were added and mixed evenly. The mixture was fermented again, and the pile was turned once every 15 hours, for a total of 2 times. The fermentation was terminated, and the pile was granulated and dried to obtain a bio-organic fertilizer.

[0089] Example 3

[0090] 1. Plant straw pretreatment

[0091] The plant straw was placed in a grinder and crushed to a particle size of 150 mesh, deionized water was added and stirred evenly to make its moisture content 67wt%, and then steam sterilized, the sterilization temperature was controlled to 125°C, the sterilization time was 32min, and the plant straw was dried to a moisture content of 5.2wt% to obtain sterilized plant straw; 12.2g of the sterilized plant straw was placed in 104g of 70wt% sulfuric acid solution, the temperature was raised to 90°C and stirred for 5.8h. After the stirring was completed, the plant straw was taken out and washed with deionized water, dried at 112°C for 9.0h, and then sprayed with 124g of pretreatment liquid at a spray rate of 5.5g / min. After the spraying was completed, the temperature was raised to 54°C at a rate of 2.2°C / min, kept warm and stirred for 4.3h, the solid matter was filtered out, and the pretreated plant straw was obtained by drying;

[0092] The plant straw is a mixture of corn straw, wheat straw and reed straw, and the mass ratio of the corn straw, wheat straw and reed straw is 1:2:1.3;

[0093] The pretreatment liquid is a mixture of deionized water, potassium nicotinate, chitosan and ammonium sulfate, and the mass ratio of the deionized water, potassium nicotinate, chitosan and ammonium sulfate is 100:6.4:8.7:7.8.

[0094] 2. Preparation of Fermentation Solids

[0095] Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma, and Bacillus cereus are mixed and then inoculated into an activation culture medium for activation culture, the culture time is 31.0 hours, the culture temperature is 31° C., and after the culture is completed, an activation culture solution is obtained; the activation culture solution is inoculated into a seed culture medium at an inoculum concentration of 7.0% by volume for seed culture, the culture time is 25 hours, the culture temperature is 30° C., and after the culture is completed, a seed solution is obtained; the seed solution is inoculated into a fermentation culture medium at an inoculum concentration of 12% by volume for fermentation culture, the culture time is 25.0 hours, the culture temperature is 31° C., and after the culture is completed, a fermentation solid is obtained by separation;

[0096] The mass ratio of the Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma, and Bacillus cereus is 1.2:0.8:1.0, and the Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma, and Bacillus cereus are all purchased from the market;

[0097] The activation medium comprises 10.3 g / L glucose, 8.2 g / L peptone, 5.2 g / L sodium chloride, and 3.7 g / L beef extract.

[0098] The components of the seed culture medium are glucose 22.8 g / L, tryptone 6.6 g / L, yeast powder 7.7 g / L, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1.3 g / L, calcium chloride 2.0 g / L, and pantothenic acid 0.27 g / L;

[0099] The fermentation medium comprises 26.0 g / L glucose, 14.8 g / L yeast extract, 7.5 g / L potassium hydrogen phosphate, 2.7 g / L magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 1.2 g / L ammonium sulfate, 0.10 g / L ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, 0.26 g / L biotin, 0.32 g / L glutamic acid, and 0.32 g / L Triton X-100.

[0100] 3. Preparation of antibacterial active ingredients

[0101] The peeled fresh garlic and perilla leaves were washed and vacuum dried with a vacuum degree of 0.06 MPa, a drying temperature of 72°C, and a drying time of 2.2 h. After drying, the mixture was crushed to a particle size of 0.6 μm to obtain a mixed powder; the mixed powder was placed in a 12-fold mass of a 72wt% ethanol solution, heated to 50°C at a rate of 2.2°C / min and stirred for 2.2 h at a stirring speed of 210 rpm. After stirring, an ultrasonic extraction was performed once, with the ultrasonic frequency controlled at 42 kHz, the ultrasonic power at 266 W, and the ultrasonic time at 37 min. After the first ultrasonic extraction, the temperature was raised to 60°C at a rate of 1.4°C / min, and a second ultrasonic extraction was performed, with the ultrasonic frequency controlled at 34 kHz, the ultrasonic power at 293 W, and the ultrasonic time at 24 min. After the second ultrasonic extraction, an extract was obtained by filtration, and the extract was concentrated to 22% of the original volume at 67°C and dried to obtain the antibacterial active ingredient;

[0102] The mass ratio of the peeled fresh garlic to the perilla leaves is 1.6:1.1.

[0103] 4. Preparation of functional additives

[0104] (1) Preliminary preparation

[0105] 15.3g of plant straw was crushed to a particle size of 260 mesh, placed in a sealed container, and 158g of 27wt% potassium citrate solution was introduced. The temperature was raised to 122°C and kept warm for 2.2h. After the insulation was completed, the solution was filtered out and dried, placed in a calcining furnace, and heated to 424°C at a rate of 5.3°C / min and kept warm for 4.2h to obtain straw powder; 13.8g of straw powder was placed in 124g of 34wt% ethanol solution, the temperature was raised to 55°C, 1.60g of glycidyl trimethylammonium chloride was added and stirred, and after stirring evenly, the solution was filtered, washed, and dried to obtain pretreated straw powder; 10.2g of antibacterial active ingredient was placed in 125g 1.4 g of polyethylene glycol 300 was added to a 32 wt% ethanol solution, stirred evenly, and then 13.4 g of pretreated straw powder was added. The temperature was raised to 47 ° C for ultrasonic treatment. The ultrasonic time was 42 min, the ultrasonic power was 130 W, and the ultrasonic frequency was 28 kHz. After the ultrasonic treatment, the solution was filtered and dried to obtain a preliminary functional additive.

[0106] The plant straw is a mixture of corn straw, wheat straw and reed straw, and the mass ratio of the corn straw, wheat straw and reed straw is 2:1:2;

[0107] (2) Post-processing

[0108] To 510 g of deionized water, 3.6 g of sodium alginate, 2.3 g of hydroxyethyl cellulose and 10.2 g of polyacrylamide were added, and after stirring evenly, 0.28 g of N, N-methylenebisacrylamide and 0.55 g of ammonium persulfate were added, and after stirring evenly, 53.5 g of preliminary functional additives were added, the temperature was raised to 38 ° C, and stirred at 660 rpm for 1.7 h. After stirring, the functional additive was obtained by filtering, washing and drying.

[0109] 5. Fermentation

[0110] 103 g of pretreated plant straw, 5.2 g of fermentation solids, and 10.8 g of functional additives were mixed evenly, piled up for fermentation, and the pile was turned for the first time when the temperature inside the pile reached 56°C. The pile was turned once every 21 hours, for a total of 2 times. Then, the turning was stopped and the pile was allowed to stand until the temperature inside the pile dropped to 34°C. 1.4 g of fulvic acid, 2.6 g of diammonium phosphate, 4.5 g of ammonium chloride, 1.2 g of superphosphate, and 1.0 g of magnesium sulfate were added and mixed evenly. The mixture was fermented again. The pile was turned once every 17 hours, for a total of 2 times. Finally, the fermentation was terminated. The pile was granulated and dried to obtain a bio-organic fertilizer.

[0111] Comparative Example 1

[0112] On the basis of Example 1, the changes are as follows:

[0113] (1) The plant straw pretreatment step is omitted, and in the fermentation step, the pretreated plant straw is replaced with an equal amount of untreated plant straw;

[0114] (2) The step of preparing the fermentation solids is omitted. In the fermentation step, an equal amount of the fermentation solids is replaced with a mixed bacterial agent, wherein the mixed bacterial agent is a mixture of Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma, and Bacillus cereus, and the mass ratio of the Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma, and Bacillus cereus is 1:1:1;

[0115] The rest of the operations are the same.

[0116] Comparative Example 2

[0117] On the basis of Example 1, the changes are as follows:

[0118] The functional additive is prepared by grinding 15.0 g of plant straw to a particle size of 250 mesh, placing the powder in a sealed container, introducing 150 g of a 25 wt% potassium citrate solution, raising the temperature to 120° C., and maintaining the temperature for 2.0 hours. After the temperature is maintained, filtering out the powder and drying the powder. The powder is placed in a calcining furnace, and the temperature is raised to 420° C. at a rate of 5.0° C. / min, and maintained for 4.0 hours to obtain straw powder. 10.0 g of an antibacterial active ingredient is placed in 120 g of a 30 wt% ethanol solution, 1.2 g of polyethylene glycol 300 is added, and the mixture is stirred uniformly. 13.0 g of the straw powder is added, and the temperature is raised to 45° C. for ultrasonic treatment. The ultrasonic treatment time is 40 minutes, the ultrasonic power is 126 W, and the ultrasonic frequency is 26 kHz. After the ultrasonic treatment is completed, the powder is filtered out and dried to obtain the functional additive.

[0119] The rest of the operations are the same.

[0120] Performance Testing

[0121] 1. Nutritional properties of bio-organic fertilizer

[0122] The bio-organic fertilizers prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-2 were tested as follows:

[0123]

[0124] Among them, total nutrient content refers to the total content of total nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium;

[0125] 2. Test performance of bio-organic fertilizer

[0126] The bio-organic fertilizers prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-2 were used in a tomato planting experiment, where the tomato variety was Jiafen No. 2. Specifically, a 15-mu test base was selected in Shouguang City, Weifang City, Shandong Province, and evenly divided into five isolated test areas, designated as test areas A1-A5. The bio-organic fertilizers prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-2 were then used to carry out a tomato planting experiment. During the planting process, conventional planting methods were used to manage the tomatoes, wherein the amount of fertilizer used, the timing of application, the number of plants planted, and the amount of water used were all controlled in the same manner. After the tomatoes matured, they were harvested at the same time. The incidence of pests and diseases, per-acre yield, vitamin C content, deformity rate, and soluble sugar content of the tomato fruits during their growth were recorded, as follows:

[0127]

[0128] The present invention adopts plant straw fermentation to prepare biological organic fertilizer. First, the plant straw is pretreated, specifically, the plant straw is first steam sterilized, and then activated with sulfuric acid solution to dissolve part of the lignin structure and increase the contact area with microorganisms, and then the pretreatment liquid is sprayed. The tobacco potassium in the pretreatment liquid serves as a potassium source and can provide nutrient elements for the growth of microorganisms. Ammonium sulfate serves as a nitrogen source and can supplement the nitrogen element in the fermentation medium. Chitosan, as a natural preparation, can promote the growth and reproduction of microorganisms during the fermentation process, improve the quality of the fermentation product, and improve the stress resistance of crops. Pretreatment of the plant straw can better promote the fermentation process and improve the quality of the fermentation product. The present invention treats the fermentation bacteria respectively Activation culture, seed culture and fermentation culture are carried out to provide more active strains for the subsequent fermentation step, and the number of fermentation strains is increased, which can better promote the decomposition and conversion of organic matter in the straw; the present invention also introduces a functional additive in the fermentation step, specifically, the plant straw is activated by potassium citrate alkali solution, which can destroy the cell structure of the straw and increase the porosity of the calcined product; the obtained straw powder is treated with glycidyl trimethylammonium chloride to obtain pretreated straw powder; glycidyl trimethylammonium chloride is a quaternary ammonium salt, and its cationic part can interact with the hydroxyl group of the straw powder, which helps to reduce the agglomeration force between the straw powder, improve the dispersibility, and improve the wettability of the straw powder, and it also It can improve the soil structure, increase the activity of microorganisms, thereby promoting the fermentation process, shortening the fermentation time, and making the fermentation thorough. The pretreated straw powder is mixed with the antibacterial active ingredient, and the antibacterial active ingredient is adsorbed into the pores, which can improve the antibacterial performance of the preliminary functional additive and avoid the massive reproduction of harmful pathogens during the fermentation process. In the post-processing step, the cross-linking of polyacrylamide can be promoted by adding a cross-linking agent and an initiator. Sodium alginate, hydroxyethyl cellulose and polyacrylamide can be entangled and interwoven with each other through interaction, thereby forming a stable three-dimensional network structure on the surface of the preliminary functional additive, improving the stability of the functional additive, and promoting the growth and reproduction of microorganisms during the fermentation process. It also has rich The method has the advantages of quicklime structure, quick leaching, low carbonization, good soil fertility, good soil fertility, good soil fertility and good soil quality. The method has the advantages of quicklime structure, quicklime structure, good soil fertility, good soil quality and good soil fertility. The method has the advantages of quicklime structure, quicklime structure, good soil fertility, good soil quality and good soil fertility. The method has the advantages of quicklime structure, quicklime structure, good soil fertility, good soil quality and good soil fertility. The method has the advantages of quicklime structure, quicklime structure, good soil quality and good soil fertility, good soil quality and good soil fertility, and good soil fertility. The method has the advantages of quicklime structure, quicklime structure, high carbonization, good soil quality and good soil fertility, ...

[0129] In Comparative Example 1, the plant straw was not treated in any way, and the mixed bacterial agent was used to directly ferment the untreated plant straw. During the fermentation process, the contact area with the microorganisms was small, the nutrients available for microorganisms to utilize were few, the activity of the bacterial strains was low, and the number was small, which was not conducive to the growth and reproduction of microorganisms during the fermentation process. The separation and conversion ability of organic matter in the plant straw was poor, and the fermentation was incomplete, resulting in poor quality of the fermentation product, affecting the uniformity and stability of the biological organic fertilizer, and its application performance was poor, which was not conducive to the growth of crops and reduced the yield and quality of crops.

[0130] In the preparation method of the functional additive of Comparative Example 2, plant straw is calcined to obtain straw powder, and then the powder is treated with antibacterial active ingredients and polyethylene glycol 300 to obtain the functional additive; the functional additive of Comparative Example 2 has poor dispersion performance, poor compatibility with other ingredients during the fermentation process, and cannot effectively improve the soil structure. It also has poor adsorption capacity for antibacterial active ingredients and cannot effectively remove harmful pathogens during the fermentation process. Moreover, it has not undergone a post-processing step, and the functional additive of Comparative Example 2 has poor stability, which affects the water retention and air permeability and uniform stability of the biological organic fertilizer and cannot effectively promote crop growth.

[0131] Unless otherwise specified, all ratios and percentages described in the present invention are by mass.

[0132] Finally, it should be noted that the above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features therein. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing bio-organic fertilizer by fermenting plant straw, characterized in that: The method includes plant straw pretreatment, preparation of fermentation solids, preparation of antibacterial active ingredients, preparation of functional additives, and fermentation steps; The plant straw pretreatment step comprises placing the sterilized plant straw in a sulfuric acid solution, raising the temperature to 86-90° C., stirring evenly, washing and drying, spraying with a pretreatment solution, and after the spraying is completed, raising the temperature to 50-54° C. and stirring for 3.6-4.3 hours, filtering out solid matter, and drying to obtain the pretreated plant straw; The pretreatment liquid is a mixture of deionized water, potassium nicotinate, chitosan and ammonium sulfate; The steps of preparing the fermentation solids are: mixing Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma, and Bacillus cereus, sequentially performing activation culture, seed culture, and fermentation culture, and obtaining the fermentation solids through separation; The step of preparing the functional additive includes preliminary preparation and post-processing steps; The preliminary preparation steps are as follows: crushing plant straw to a particle size of 240-260 mesh, placing the powder in a sealed container, introducing a potassium citrate solution, raising the temperature to 117-122° C., and keeping the temperature for 1.8-2.2 hours. After the end of the temperature keeping, filtering and drying the powder, placing the powder in a calcining furnace, raising the temperature to 416-424° C. at a rate of 4.7-5.3° C. / min, and keeping the temperature for 3.8-4.2 hours to obtain straw powder; placing the straw powder in an ethanol solution, raising the temperature to 51-55° C., adding glycidyl trimethylammonium chloride and stirring evenly, filtering, washing, and drying to obtain pretreated straw powder; placing the antibacterial active ingredient in an ethanol solution, adding polyethylene glycol 300 and stirring evenly, adding the pretreated straw powder, raising the temperature to 43-47° C., performing ultrasonic treatment, filtering, and drying to obtain a preliminary functional additive; The post-treatment step comprises adding sodium alginate, hydroxyethyl cellulose and polyacrylamide to deionized water, stirring evenly, adding N,N-methylenebisacrylamide and ammonium persulfate, stirring evenly, adding the preliminary functional additive, stirring at 34-38° C. for 1.7-2.2 hours, filtering, washing and drying to obtain the functional additive; The fermentation step comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing pretreated plant straw, fermentation solid matter and functional additives, piling and fermenting, turning the pile for the first time when the temperature inside the pile reaches 52-56° C., turning the pile once every 18-21 hours, turning the pile twice in total, stopping turning the pile, standing the pile until the temperature inside the pile drops to 30-34° C., adding fulvic acid, diammonium phosphate, ammonium chloride, superphosphate and magnesium sulfate, mixing the mixture uniformly, fermenting the pile again, turning the pile once every 15-17 hours, turning the pile twice in total, and completing the fermentation. The bio-organic fertilizer is obtained through granulation and drying.

2. A method for preparing bio-organic fertilizer by fermenting plant straw according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the plant straw pretreatment step, the sterilized plant straw preparation method comprises placing the plant straw in a grinder and grinding it to a particle size of 130-150 mesh, adding deionized water and stirring evenly to make its moisture content 63-67wt%, and then performing steam sterilization treatment, controlling the sterilization temperature to 120-125°C, the sterilization time to 28-32min, and drying it to a moisture content of 4.8-5.2wt%, to obtain sterilized plant straw; The plant straw is a mixture of corn straw, wheat straw and reed straw, and the mass ratio of the corn straw, wheat straw and reed straw is 1-2:1-2:1-1.

3.

3. A method for preparing bio-organic fertilizer by fermenting plant straw according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the plant straw pretreatment step, the spraying rate is 4.5-5.5 g / min; The mass ratio of the sterilized plant straw, sulfuric acid solution, and pretreatment liquid is 11.7-12.2:96-104:117-124; The mass concentration of the sulfuric acid solution is 66-70%; In the pretreatment liquid, the mass ratio of the deionized water, potassium nicotinate, chitosan and ammonium sulfate is 100:6.0-6.4:8.3-8.7:7.3-7.

8.

4. The method for preparing bio-organic fertilizer by fermenting plant straw according to claim 1, wherein: In the step of preparing the fermentation solid, the mass ratio of the Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma, and Bacillus cereus is 0.8-1.2:0.8-1:1.0-1.2, and the Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma, and Bacillus cereus are all purchased from the market; The activation culture has a culture time of 28-31 hours and a culture temperature of 29-31°C; The seed culture has a culture time of 23-25 hours and a culture temperature of 28-30°C; The fermentation culture has a culture time of 23-25 hours and a culture temperature of 28-31°C; The components of the activation medium are glucose 9.8-10.3 g / L, peptone 7.7-8.2 g / L, sodium chloride 4.8-5.2 g / L, and beef extract 3.4-3.7 g / L; The composition of the seed culture medium is glucose 22.3-22.8 g / L, tryptone 6.2-6.6 g / L, yeast powder 7.2-7.7 g / L, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1.0-1.3 g / L, calcium chloride 1.6-2.0 g / L, and pantothenic acid 0.23-0.27 g / L; The components of the fermentation medium are glucose 25.4-26.0 g / L, yeast powder 14.4-14.8 g / L, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 7.0-7.5 g / L, magnesium sulfate heptahydrate 2.2-2.7 g / L, ammonium sulfate 0.8-1.2 g / L, ferrous sulfate heptahydrate 0.07-0.10 g / L, biotin 0.24-0.26 g / L, glutamic acid 0.30-0.32 g / L, and Triton X-100 0.28-0.32 g / L.

5. The method for preparing bio-organic fertilizer by fermenting plant straw according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method for preparing the antibacterial active ingredient comprises the following steps: peeling fresh garlic and perilla leaves, washing them, and then vacuum drying them, wherein the vacuum degree is 0.04-0.06 MPa, the drying temperature is 68-72° C., and the drying time is 1.8-2.2 h. After the drying is completed, the mixture is crushed to a particle size of 0.4-0.6 μm to obtain a mixed powder; the mixed powder is placed in 8-12 times the mass of a 68-72 wt% ethanol solution, heated to 46-50° C. at a rate of 1.8-2.2° C. / min, stirred for 1.8-2.2 h, and stirred at a speed of 190-210 rpm. After the first ultrasound, an ultrasonic extraction is performed, the ultrasonic frequency is controlled at 38-42kHz, the ultrasonic power is 254-266W, and the ultrasonic time is 32-37min. After the first ultrasound, the temperature is raised to 56-60°C at a rate of 1.0-1.4°C / min, and a second ultrasonic extraction is performed, the ultrasonic frequency is controlled at 30-34kHz, the ultrasonic power is 285-293W, and the ultrasonic time is 20-24min. After the second ultrasound, the extract is filtered to obtain the extract, and the extract is concentrated at 63-67°C to 18-22% of the original volume, and dried to obtain the antibacterial active ingredient; The mass ratio of the peeled fresh garlic to the perilla leaves is 1.3-1.6:1.

1.

6. The method for preparing bio-organic fertilizer by fermenting plant straw according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the preliminary preparation step, the plant straw is a mixture of corn straw, wheat straw, and reed straw, and the mass ratio of the corn straw, wheat straw, and reed straw is 1-2:1-2:1-2; The mass ratio of the plant straw to the potassium citrate solution is 14.6-15.3:145-158; The mass concentration of the potassium citrate solution is 23-27%.

7. The method for preparing bio-organic fertilizer by fermenting plant straw according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the preliminary preparation step, in the pretreated straw powder, the mass ratio of the straw powder, the ethanol solution, and glycidyl trimethylammonium chloride is 13.3-13.8:116-124:1.55-1.60; The mass concentration of the ethanol solution is 30-34%.

8. The method for preparing bio-organic fertilizer by fermenting plant straw according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the preliminary preparation step, in the preliminary functional additive, the mass ratio of the antibacterial active ingredient, ethanol solution, polyethylene glycol 300, and pretreated straw powder is 9.8-10.2:116-125:1.0-1.4:12.7-13.4; The mass concentration of the ethanol solution is 28-32%; The ultrasonic treatment has an ultrasonic time of 38-42 min, an ultrasonic power of 121-130 W, and an ultrasonic frequency of 24-28 kHz.

9. The method for preparing bio-organic fertilizer by fermenting plant straw according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the post-treatment step, the mass ratio of the deionized water, sodium alginate, hydroxyethyl cellulose, polyacrylamide, N,N-methylenebisacrylamide, ammonium persulfate, and preliminary functional additives is 490-510:3.2-3.6:1.7-2.3:9.6-10.0:0.23-0.28:0.50-0.55:52.6-53.

5.

10. The method for preparing bio-organic fertilizer by fermenting plant straw according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the fermentation step, the mass ratio of the pretreated plant straw, fermentation solids, functional additives, fulvic acid, diammonium phosphate, ammonium chloride, superphosphate, and magnesium sulfate is 98-103:4.8-5.2:10.3-10.8:1.0-1.4:2.0-2.6:4.0-4.5:0.8-1.2:0.6-1.0.

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