An optimization method for the zonal management and control of biodiversity based on the impact of noise

Abstract

The present invention discloses an optimization method for zoning control of biodiversity based on the impact of noise, which relates to the technical field of noise pollution. The aim is to solve the technical problems that traditional means can only control the airport noise zoning through the density of aircraft noise, without considering the bird species diversity, resulting in a reduced applicability of the sensitivity differences of bird species, and the areas with different degrees of noise impact, causing unscientific airport noise zoning control. The method includes the following steps: obtaining the biodiversity distribution zoning within the airport noise exposure area, performing grid processing on the airport noise exposure area to determine the airport noise exposure area grid. By combining the airport bird noise impact grid map with the ecological environment sensitivity grid distribution map, and integrating the three objectives of biodiversity, airport noise, and ecological environment sensitive areas, the present invention realizes the zoning control of airport biodiversity and ensures the applicability of the sensitivity differences of bird species.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of noise pollution, and more specifically, to an optimization method for biodiversity zoning control based on noise impact. Background Art

[0002] With the expansion of cities and the continuous increase in environmental pollution caused by human development, the changes in the ecological environment have had a serious impact on the survival of some animal and plant populations. As one of the seven major public nuisances, noise pollution has become one of the most serious problems faced by life on Earth today. The impact of airport noise has become one of the reasons for the increase in the mortality rate of birds around airports and the continuous decline in biodiversity.

[0003] Therefore, ecological protection areas are set up near airports, and ecological corridors are constructed. To ensure the continuation of wildlife biodiversity, the improvement of ecological functions, and the optimization of natural landscapes, according to the habitat characteristics of noise-sensitive species, the ecological environment protection red line protection areas are divided into three levels: core protection areas, important protection areas, and general protection areas. And the control areas and non-control areas are divided according to the scope of airport noise impact. Through environmental monitoring of the airport noise zoning control, environmental governance work such as source vibration reduction and ecological restoration is carried out regularly to continuously improve the quality of the ecological environment.

[0004] However, since aircraft noise is one of the main reasons for the reduction of biodiversity in ecological protection areas, traditional methods can only conduct airport noise zoning control through the density of aircraft noise, without considering the bird species diversity, resulting in a reduced applicability of the sensitivity differences of bird species, and areas with different degrees of noise impact, causing the airport noise zoning control to be unscientific.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need to propose an optimization method for biodiversity zoning control based on noise impact to improve the accuracy and rationality of airport noise biodiversity zoning control. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an optimization method for biodiversity zoning control based on noise impact to solve the technical problem that traditional methods can only conduct airport noise zoning control through the density of aircraft noise, without considering the bird species diversity, resulting in a reduced applicability of the sensitivity differences of bird species, and areas with different degrees of noise impact, causing the airport noise zoning control to be unscientific.

[0007] To solve the above technical problem, the present invention provides the following technical solution: An optimization method for biodiversity zoning control based on noise impact, including the following steps:

[0008] S1: Obtain the biodiversity distribution sub - regions within the airport noise exposure area, grid - process the airport noise exposure area, and determine the airport noise exposure area grids;

[0009] S2: Based on the data of the differences in bird noise sensitivity, determine the exposure noise sensitivity index of birds;

[0010] S3: Based on the bird noise behavior data, determine the noise avoidance exposure degree of birds;

[0011] S4: Combine the noise avoidance exposure degree of birds, the exposure noise sensitivity index of birds, and the airport noise exposure area grids to construct an index for the degree of airport noise impact;

[0012] S5: Overlay the index for the degree of airport noise impact on the airport noise exposure area grids to form a distribution map of the airport noise impact grid;

[0013] S6: Obtain the distribution map of the regional ecological environment sensitive areas, and based on the distribution map of the airport noise impact grid, obtain the optimized distribution map of the airport noise impact grid;

[0014] S7: Respectively, through network layer fusion, overlay the distribution map of the airport noise impact grid and the distribution map of the regional ecological environment sensitive areas onto the UAV map to obtain the airport biodiversity sub - region control layer.

[0015] Among them, in the optimized distribution map of the airport noise impact grid, the areas with a high noise avoidance exposure degree of birds are optimized as unsuitable bird habitats, and the areas with a low noise avoidance exposure degree of birds are optimized as suitable bird habitats.

[0016] Through the combination of the airport bird noise impact grid map in the airport noise impact degree distribution map and the ecological environment sensitivity grid distribution map, the present invention combines three objectives: biodiversity, airport noise, and ecological environment sensitive areas, realizes the sub - region control of airport biodiversity, and ensures the applicability of the sensitivity differences of bird species.

[0017] Preferably, the data of the differences in bird noise sensitivity includes multiple groups of bird species and their corresponding exposure noise sensitivity indices. The exposure noise sensitivity index is determined by , where is the exposure noise sensitivity index of the th group of birds, is a positive integer, and , is the number of bird groups, is the auditory characteristic threshold of the th group of birds, is the noise duration, is the signal - to - noise ratio.

[0018] Preferably, the auditory characteristic threshold of the group of birds is determined by , where is the natural threshold of the group of birds, and is the environmental noise.

[0019] Preferably, the signal-to-noise ratio is determined by , where is the total noise level, is the number of noise pulses of the aircraft, is the distance between the aircraft and the receiver, and are respectively and frequencies.

[0020] Preferably, the noise avoidance exposure of the birds is determined by , where is the noise avoidance exposure of the birds in the th square grid, is the number of diurnal bird species in the th square grid, is the number of nocturnal bird species in the th square grid, is the diurnal bird noise avoidance exposure in the th square grid, is the nocturnal bird noise avoidance exposure in the th square grid.

[0021] Preferably, the diurnal bird noise avoidance exposure in the th square grid is determined by the following formula:

[0022] ;

[0023] where diurnal is the diurnal bird noise avoidance exposure in the th square grid, is the number of diurnal flight activities of the diurnal bird species in the th square grid, is the number of diurnal group activities of the diurnal bird species in the th square grid, is the diurnal activity ratio of the diurnal bird species in the th square grid.

[0024] Preferably, the number of daytime flight activities of daytime bird species within the th square grid is determined by the following formula:

[0025] ;

[0026] In the formula, is the number of daytime flight activities of daytime bird species within the th square grid, is the number of flyovers of daytime bird species within the th square grid, is the average flight distance of daytime bird species within the th square grid.

[0027] Preferably, the degree of exposure to nighttime bird noise avoidance within the th square grid is determined by the following formula:

[0028] ;

[0029] In the formula, is the number of nighttime flight activities of daytime bird species within the th square grid, is the number of nighttime aggregations of nighttime bird species within the th square grid, is the proportion of nighttime activities of nighttime bird species within the th square grid.

[0030] Preferably, the index for measuring the impact of airport noise is determined by . In the formula, is the index for measuring the impact of airport noise within the th square grid, is the area of the th square grid, is the exposure noise sensitivity index of the th taxonomic group of birds within the th square grid, is the degree of exposure to noise avoidance of birds within the th square grid.

[0031] Preferably, on the grid distribution map of airport noise impact indicators, the optimized grid distribution map of airport noise impact is obtained as follows:

[0032] S701: Determine the distribution map of regional ecological environment sensitive areas;

[0033] S702: Intersect the airport noise exposure area grid with the distribution map of regional ecological environment sensitive areas to form an optimized distribution map of airport noise impact grid.

[0034] S703: When any coordinate position within the airport noise impact grid is marked as an ecological environment sensitive area, optimize this coordinate position into a suitable bird habitat.

[0035] When any coordinate position within the airport noise impact grid is not marked as an ecological environment sensitive area, conduct regional optimization based on the index value of the airport noise impact degree. According to the regional optimization results, determine the optimized distribution of the airport noise impact grid.

[0036] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0037] 1. By combining the airport bird noise impact grid map in the airport noise impact degree distribution map with the ecological environment sensitivity grid distribution map, the present invention combines three objectives: biodiversity, airport noise, and ecological environment sensitive areas, realizes the zonal management and control of airport biodiversity, and ensures the applicability of the sensitivity differences of bird species.

[0038] 2. By comprehensively considering the noise sensitivity differences and noise behaviors of birds, the present invention constructs an airport noise impact degree distribution map, combines it with noise behavior data, and comprehensively displays the grid distribution state of the noise exposure area within the airport under the influence of noise, improving the accuracy of the zonal management and control of airport noise biodiversity and realizing the scientific zonal management and control of airport noise.

[0039] 3. Based on the protection of ecological environment sensitive areas, the present invention optimizes the airport bird noise impact grid distribution map. In the airport noise zonal management and control plan, the areas with a large impact on airport noise are optimized as unsuitable for bird habitation, realizing the protection of airport ecological biodiversity.

[0040] 4. The present invention uses GIS technology to combine with the airport noise grid map, visualizes the airport biodiversity zonal management and control layer based on the UAV map, and improves the intuitiveness of management and monitoring for airport managers. Detailed implementation manners

[0041] A method for optimizing the zonal management and control of biodiversity based on noise impact, which is applicable to the zonal management and control of airport biodiversity, includes the following steps:

[0042] S1: Determine the airport noise exposure area, conduct grid processing on the airport noise exposure area to form square grids of the same size, and the side length of each square grid within the airport noise exposure area is meters. Greater than 0, and each square grid includes at least 1 bird;

[0043] Among them, the airport noise exposure area is the noise influence range of the aircraft;

[0044] S2: Obtain the noise sensitivity difference data of birds, and the noise sensitivity difference data of birds includes multiple taxa of bird species and their corresponding exposure noise sensitivity indices , is a positive integer, and , is the number of bird taxa, and the number of bird taxa is not less than 2, and the exposure noise sensitivity index is determined by the following formula:

[0045] ;

[0046] In the formula: is the exposure noise sensitivity index of the th taxa of birds;

[0047] is the auditory characteristic threshold of the th taxa of birds;

[0048] is the noise duration;

[0049] is the signal-to-noise ratio;

[0050] Among them, the auditory characteristic threshold of the th taxa of birds is determined by , and in the formula, is the natural threshold of the th taxa of birds, is the ambient noise;

[0051] Among them, the signal-to-noise ratio is determined by , and in the formula, is the total noise level, is the number of noise pulses of the aircraft, is the distance between the aircraft and the receiver, and respectively and are the frequencies of;

[0052] Among them, the natural threshold of the th taxa of birds is determined by , and in the formula, is the average threshold for birds, is the proportionality coefficient, which is inversely proportional to the number of bird species, and is the number of bird species;

[0053] S3: Obtain the noise behavior data of birds, where the noise behavior data of birds includes the number of daytime flight activities, the number of daytime aggregations, and the daytime activity ratio of bird species, and the number of nighttime flight activities, the number of nighttime aggregations, and the nighttime activity ratio of bird species;

[0054] wherein, the daytime is from 5:30 to 18:30; the nighttime is from 21:00 to 5:00;

[0055] S4: Determine the noise avoidance exposure of birds in each square grid according to the noise behavior data of birds in each square grid , and the noise avoidance exposure of birds in each square grid is determined by the following formula:

[0056] ;

[0057] In the formula, is the noise avoidance exposure of birds in the th square grid;

[0058] is the number of daytime bird species in the th square grid;

[0059] is the number of nighttime bird species in the th square grid;

[0060] is the daytime noise avoidance exposure of birds in the th square grid;

[0061] is the nighttime noise avoidance exposure of birds in the th square grid;

[0062] wherein, the daytime noise avoidance exposure of birds in the th square grid is determined by the following formula:

[0063] ;

[0064] In the formula, the daytime is the Diurnal bird noise avoidance exposure within a square grid;

[0065] be the number of diurnal flight activities of diurnal bird species within the

[0066] th square grid; number of diurnal aggregation activities of diurnal bird species within the

[0067] th square grid; proportion of diurnal activities of diurnal bird species within the

[0068] wherein, the number of diurnal flight activities of diurnal bird species within the th square grid is determined by the following formula:

[0069] ;

[0070] In the formula, is the number of diurnal flight activities of diurnal bird species within the th square grid, is the number of flyover times of diurnal bird species within the th square grid, is the average flight distance of diurnal bird species within the th square grid;

[0071] wherein, the nocturnal bird noise avoidance exposure within the th square grid is determined by the following formula:

[0072] ;

[0073] In the formula, is the number of nocturnal flight activities of diurnal bird species within the th square grid;

[0074] is the number of nocturnal aggregations of nocturnal bird species within the th square grid;

[0075] is the proportion of nocturnal activities of nocturnal bird species within the th square grid;

[0076] S5: Determine the airport noise impact degree index within each square grid according to the exposure noise sensitivity index of the birds and the noise avoidance exposure degree of the birds. , is a positive integer, and ;

[0077] Among them, the airport noise impact degree index within each square grid , is determined by , where in the formula, is the airport noise impact degree index within the th square grid, is the area of the th square grid, is the exposure noise sensitivity index of the th square grid for the th group of birds, is the noise avoidance exposure degree of the birds within the th square grid;

[0078] S6: Superimpose the airport noise impact degree index onto the airport noise exposure area grid to form an airport noise impact grid distribution map;

[0079] S7: Obtain the distribution map of the regional ecological environment sensitive areas. Based on the airport noise impact grid distribution map, obtain the optimized airport noise impact grid distribution map. Respectively fuse the optimized airport noise impact grid distribution map and the regional ecological environment sensitive areas distribution map through network layers and superimpose them onto the UAV map to obtain the airport biodiversity zoning control layer;

[0080] In the embodiment of the present invention, in the optimized airport noise impact grid distribution map, the areas with a high noise avoidance exposure degree of birds are optimized as unsuitable bird habitats, and the areas with a low noise avoidance exposure degree of birds are optimized as suitable bird habitats;

[0081] In the embodiment of the present invention, the airport biodiversity zoning control layer includes maps of unsuitable bird habitats, suitable bird habitats, and regional ecological environment sensitive areas;

[0082] In the embodiment of the present invention, the method for obtaining the optimized airport noise impact grid distribution map on the airport noise impact index grid distribution map in step S7 is as follows:

[0083] S701: Determine the distribution map of the regional ecological environment sensitive areas;

[0084] S702: Intersect the airport noise exposure area grid with the distribution map of the regional ecological environment sensitive areas to form the optimized airport noise impact grid distribution map;

[0085] S703, when any coordinate position within the airport noise impact grid is marked as an ecological environment sensitive area, optimize this coordinate position into a suitable bird habitat;

[0086] When any coordinate position within the airport noise impact grid is not marked as an ecological environment sensitive area, conduct regional optimization based on the airport noise impact degree index value, and determine the optimized airport noise impact grid distribution map according to the regional optimization results.

[0087] In the embodiments of the present invention, drones are used to obtain bird noise behavior data in the airport ecological area, or drones are used to conduct aerial photography of the airport ecological area.

[0088] The embodiments disclosed in the present invention are preferred embodiments, but not limited thereto. Those of ordinary skill in the art can easily understand the spirit of the present invention based on the above embodiments and make different extensions and changes. However, as long as they do not depart from the spirit of the present invention, they are within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An optimization method for the zoning control of biodiversity based on the impact of noise, characterized in that The steps include the following: S1: Obtain the biodiversity distribution zones within the airport noise exposure area, perform grid processing on the airport noise exposure area, and determine the airport noise exposure area grids; S2: Based on the bird noise sensitivity difference data, determine the exposure noise sensitivity index of the birds; S3: Based on the bird noise behavior data, determine the noise avoidance exposure degree of the birds; S4: Combine the bird noise avoidance exposure degree, the bird exposure noise sensitivity index with the airport noise exposure area grids to construct an airport noise impact degree index; S5: Superimpose the airport noise impact degree index onto the airport noise exposure area grids to form an airport noise impact grid distribution map; S6: Obtain the regional ecological environment sensitive area distribution map, and based on the airport noise impact grid distribution map, obtain the optimized airport noise impact grid distribution map; Among them, the method for obtaining the optimized airport noise impact grid distribution map is as follows: S601: Determine the regional ecological environment sensitive area distribution map; S602: Intersect the airport noise exposure area grids with the regional ecological environment sensitive area distribution map to form the optimized airport noise impact grid distribution map; S603: When any coordinate position within the airport noise impact grid is marked as an ecological environment sensitive area, optimize this coordinate position into a suitable bird habitat; When any coordinate position within the airport noise impact grid is not marked as an ecological environment sensitive area, perform regional optimization according to the airport noise impact degree index value, and determine the optimized airport noise impact grid distribution based on the regional optimization result; S7: Respectively fuse the airport noise impact grid distribution map and the regional ecological environment sensitive area distribution map through network layers and superimpose them onto the UAV map to obtain an airport biodiversity zoning control layer; Among them, in the optimized airport noise impact grid distribution map, the areas with a high bird noise avoidance exposure degree are optimized into unsuitable bird habitats, and the areas with a low bird noise avoidance exposure degree are optimized into suitable bird habitats.

2. The optimized method for zoning control of biodiversity based on the impact of noise according to claim 1, wherein The noise sensitivity difference data of the birds include the noise sensitivity indices of multiple taxa of bird species and their corresponding exposure noise sensitivity indices. The exposure noise sensitivity index is determined by , where is the exposure noise sensitivity index of the th taxon of birds, is the auditory characteristic threshold of the th taxon of birds, is the noise duration, is the signal-to-noise ratio.

3. The optimized method for zoning control of biodiversity based on the impact of noise according to claim 2, characterized in that, The auditory characteristic threshold of the group of birds is determined by , where is the natural threshold of the group of birds, and is the environmental noise.

4. The optimized method for zoning control of biodiversity based on the impact of noise according to claim 2, wherein The signal-to-noise ratio is determined by , where is the total noise level is the number of noise pulses of the aircraft is the distance between the aircraft and the receiver and are respectively and the frequencies of 5. The optimized method for controlling and managing biodiversity zoning based on the impact of noise according to claim 1, wherein The noise avoidance exposure of the birds is determined by wherein is the noise avoidance exposure of the birds in the th square grid, is the number of diurnal bird species in the th square grid, is the number of nocturnal bird species in the th square grid, is the diurnal bird noise avoidance exposure in the th square grid, is the nocturnal bird noise avoidance exposure in the th square grid.

6. The optimized method for controlling and managing biodiversity zoning based on the impact of noise according to claim 5, characterized in that, The daytime bird noise avoidance exposure within the th square grid is determined by the following formula: ； In the formula, During the day, it is the avoidance exposure of daytime bird noise in the th square grid, is the number of daytime flight activities of daytime bird species in the th square grid, is the number of daytime clustering activities of daytime bird species in the th square grid, is the daytime activity ratio of daytime bird species in the th square grid.

7. The optimization method for biodiversity zoning control based on noise impact according to claim 6, characterized in that The number of daytime flight activities of daytime bird species within the th square grid is determined by the following formula: , determined by the following formula: ； Wherein, is the number of daytime flight activities of daytime bird species in the th square grid, is the number of flyovers of daytime bird species in the th square grid, is the average flight distance of daytime bird species in the th square grid.

8. The optimized method for zoning control of biodiversity based on noise impact according to claim 7, wherein The nocturnal bird noise avoidance exposure within the th square grid is determined by the following formula: ； In the formula, is the number of nocturnal flight activities of diurnal bird species in the th square grid, is the number of nocturnal aggregations of nocturnal bird species in the th square grid, is the proportion of nocturnal activities of nocturnal bird species in the th square grid.

9. The optimization method for biodiversity zoning control based on noise impact according to claim 1, characterized in that, The constructed airport noise impact degree index , is determined by . In the formula, is the airport noise impact degree index within the th square grid, is the area of the th square grid, is the exposure noise sensitivity index of the th class of birds within the th square grid, is the noise avoidance exposure degree of the birds within the th square grid.

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