A registration method, system and related devices

Abstract

The application discloses a registration method, system and related device. The UE includes an NTN communication module and a mobile communication module. The mobile communication module acquires registration information of the NTN communication module. After the mobile communication module is registered to the core network of the ground network, the NTN communication module performs a registration process of the core network of the non-ground network through the mobile communication module, the radio access network of the ground network and the core network of the ground network. After the NTN communication module searches for the NTN-RAN, the NTN communication module accesses the core network of the non-ground network. In this way, when the UE searches for the non-ground network, since the UE has already performed the registration process of the non-ground network under the ground network, the core network of the non-ground network stores the registration information of the UE, the UE does not need to perform the registration process under the non-ground network, the signaling overhead between the UE and the core network of the non-ground network is reduced, the time required for the UE to perform the registration process under the non-ground network is saved, and the power consumption of the UE is saved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of communications, and more particularly to a registration method, system, and related apparatus. Background Technology

[0002] Today, most user equipment (UE) supports non-terrestrial network (NTN) communication. UEs can communicate via satellite in areas where mobile communication is unavailable, poorly covered, or where communication systems are damaged, such as oceans, deserts, grasslands, high altitudes, and uninhabited areas.

[0003] The UE can only use non-terrestrial network communication functions after successfully registering with a non-terrestrial network. During the UE registration process, the UE needs to send signaling to the satellite and receive signaling from the satellite. The registration process is time-consuming, consumes a lot of air interface resources, and results in high UE power consumption. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides a registration method, system, and related apparatus. The UE includes an NTN communication module and a mobile communication module. The mobile communication module obtains the registration information of the NTN communication module. After the mobile communication module registers with the core network of the terrestrial network, the NTN communication module performs the registration process of the non-terrestrial network's core network through the mobile communication module and the core network of the terrestrial network. After the UE's NTN communication module finds the NTN-RAN, it accesses the non-terrestrial network's core network. This enables the UE to register the NTN communication module with the NTN-CN through the mobile communication module and the TN-CN.

[0005] In a first aspect, this application provides a registration method applied to a communication system, the communication system including a user equipment (UE), a non-terrestrial network core network (NTN-CN) device, a non-terrestrial network access network (NTN-RAN) device, and a terrestrial network core network (TN-CN) device; the method includes: the UE sending a first registration request message to the TN-CN device, the first registration request message being used for the UE to register with the NTN-CN device; and the TN-CN device sending the first registration request message to the NTN-CN device.

[0006] The NTN-CN device sends a first registration acceptance message to the TN-CN device, which is used to notify the UE that registration with the NTN-CN device has been successful; the TN-CN device then sends the first registration acceptance message to the UE.

[0007] The UE discovers the NTN-RAN device and sends a second registration request message to the NTN-CN device. The second registration request message is used for the UE to register with the NTN-CN device.

[0008] The NTN-CN device sends a second registration acceptance message to the UE; upon receiving the second registration acceptance message, the UE registers with the NTN-CN device.

[0009] In this way, the UE can perform the registration process for non-terrestrial networks under the terrestrial network. When the UE finds a base station in the non-terrestrial network, since the UE has already performed the registration process for the non-terrestrial network under the terrestrial network, and the core network of the non-terrestrial network stores the UE's registration information, the UE does not need to perform the registration process under the non-terrestrial network again to access the core network of the non-terrestrial network. This reduces the signaling overhead between the UE and the core network of the non-terrestrial network, saves the time required for the UE to perform the registration process under the non-terrestrial network, and saves the UE's power consumption.

[0010] In one possible implementation, the communication system further includes a non-terrestrial radio access network (NTN-RAN) device; sending a second registration request message to the NTN-CN device specifically includes: the UE sending the second registration request message to the NTN-CN device through the NTN-RAN device;

[0011] The NTN-CN device sends a second registration acceptance message to the UE, specifically including: the NTN-CN sending the second registration acceptance message to the UE through the NTN-RAN device. In this way, after the UE discovers the NTN-RAN device, it can send messages to the NTN-CN device through the NTN-RAN device, and can also receive messages sent by the NTN-CN device through the NTN-RAN device.

[0012] In one possible implementation, the method further includes: after receiving the first registration request message, the NTN-CN device obtains the UE's first SIM card identifier through the TN-CN device; after receiving the first SIM card identifier, the NTN-CN device authenticates the first SIM card through the TN-CN device; after successfully authenticating the first SIM card, the NTN-CN device notifies the UE to configure the security mode for the first SIM card through the TN-CN device; the NTN-CN device sends a first registration acceptance message to the TN-CN device, specifically including: after the UE completes the security mode configuration of the first SIM card, the NTN-CN device sends a first registration acceptance message to the TN-CN device. In this way, the NTN-CN can obtain the UE's identity identifier through the TN-CN, authenticate the UE, and notify the UE to configure the security mode. The UE performs some steps of UE registration with the NTN-CN under the TN-CN network, saving air interface resources, time, and power consumption for performing these steps under the NTN-CN network.

[0013] In one possible implementation, after receiving the first registration request message, the NTN-CN device obtains the UE's first SIM card identifier through the TN-CN device. Specifically, this includes: after receiving the first registration message, the NTN-CN device sends a first N1 non-terrestrial network container (N1 NTN Container) to the TN-CN device. The first N1 NTN Container includes a first identity request message used to obtain the first SIM card identifier. The TN-CN device then sends a first non-access stratum (NAS) message to the UE. The first NAS message includes the first N1 NTN Container. After receiving the first N1 NTN Container, the UE sends a second NAS message to the TN-CN device. The second NAS message includes a second N1 TNT Container, which includes a first identity response message containing the first SIM card identifier. The TN-CN device then sends the second N1 TNT Container to the NTN-CN device. In this way, the NTN-CN device can obtain the UE's first SIM card identifier through the TN-CN device.

[0014] In one possible implementation, after receiving the first SIM card identifier, the NTN-CN device authenticates the first SIM card through the TN-CN device. Specifically, this includes: the NTN-CN device sending a third N1 non-terrestrial network container (NTN Container) to the TN-CN device, the third N1 NTN Container including a first authentication request message used to authenticate the first SIM card; the TN-CN device sending a third NAS message to the UE, the third NAS message including the third N1 NTN Container; the UE sending a fourth NAS message to the TN-CN device after receiving the third N1 NTN Container, the fourth NAS message including a fourth N1 TNT Container, the fourth N1 TNT Container including a first authentication response message, the first authentication response message including the UE's authentication response; and the TN-CN device sending the fourth N1 TNT Container to the NTN-CN device. In this way, the NTN-CN device can authenticate the UE's first SIM card through the TN-CN device.

[0015] In one possible implementation, after successfully authenticating the first SIM card, the NTN-CN device notifies the UE to configure the security mode via the TN-CN device. Specifically, this includes: after successful authentication, the NTN-CN device sends a fifth N1 non-terrestrial network container (NTN Container) to the TN-CN device. The fifth N1 NTN Container includes a first security mode command message, which notifies the UE to configure the security mode. The TN-CN device then sends a fifth NAS message to the UE, which includes the fifth N1 NTN Container. Upon receiving the fifth N1 NTN Container, the UE sends a sixth NAS message to the TN-CN device. The sixth NAS message includes a sixth N1 TNT Container, which includes a first security mode completion message, which notifies the UE that the security mode configuration is complete. The TN-CN device then sends the sixth N1 TNT Container to the NTN-CN device. In this way, the NTN-CN device can notify the UE to configure the security mode for the first SIM card via the TN-CN device.

[0016] In one possible implementation, the UE sends the first registration request message to the TN-CN device. Specifically, the UE sends a seventh NAS message to the TN-CN device. The seventh NAS message includes a seventh N1 TNT Container, which in turn includes the first registration request message. In this way, the UE can transparently transmit the N1 NTN Container to the NTN-CN device via the NAS message. The TN-CN device does not need to parse the content of the N1 NTN Container; it simply forwards the N1 NTN Container to the NTN-CN device, thus enabling the UE to register with the NTN-CN device under the TN network.

[0017] In one possible implementation, the TN-CN device sends the first registration request message to the NTN-CN device, specifically including: the TN-CN device sending the seventh N1 TNT Container to the NTN-CN device. In this way, the TN-CN device can send the UE's first registration request message to the NTN-CN device.

[0018] In one possible implementation, the UE includes a mobile communication module; the UE sends a first registration request message to the TN-CN device, specifically including: the UE registering with the TN-CN device through the mobile communication module; and the UE sending the first registration request message to the TN-CN device through the mobile communication module. Thus, after the UE registers with the TN-CN device, the UE and the TN-CN device can transmit signaling for the UE's registration with the TN-CN device through the TN-CN device.

[0019] In one possible implementation, the UE sends a first registration request message to the TN-CN device. Specifically, this includes the UE sending a third registration request message to the TN-CN device. The third registration request message includes the first registration request message and is used for the UE to register with the TN-CN device. In this way, when the UE sends the third registration request message to the TN-CN device, it can add the first registration request message to the TN-CN device, eliminating the need for the UE to send two separate registration request messages, thus saving transmission time and air interface overhead.

[0020] In one possible implementation, before obtaining the UE's first SIM card identifier through the TN-CN device, the method further includes: after receiving a third registration request message, the TN-CN device obtains the UE's second SIM card identifier; after receiving the second SIM card identifier, the TN-CN device authenticates the second SIM card; after successfully authenticating the second SIM card, the TN-CN device notifies the UE to configure the security mode for the second SIM card; obtaining the UE's first SIM card identifier through the TN-CN device specifically includes: after the UE completes the security mode configuration for the second SIM card, the TN-CN device obtains the UE's first SIM card identifier; the TN-CN device sends the first SIM card identifier to the NTN-CN device. Thus, only after obtaining the second SIM card identifier, successfully authenticating the second SIM card, and completing the security mode configuration for the second SIM card can the TN-CN device assist the UE and the NTN-CN device in transmitting the signaling for the UE to register with the NTN-CN device.

[0021] In one possible implementation, the TN-CN device sends a first registration acceptance message to the UE. Specifically, the TN-CN device sends a third registration acceptance message to the UE. The third registration acceptance message includes the first registration acceptance message and is used to notify the UE that it has registered with the TN-CN device. In this way, when the TN-CN device sends the third registration acceptance message to the UE, it can add the first registration acceptance message indicating that the UE has successfully registered with the TN-CN device. The TN-CN device does not need to send two separate registration messages, saving transmission time and air interface overhead.

[0022] In one possible implementation, the registration type of the first registration request message is initial registration, and the registration type of the second registration request message is mobility registration.

[0023] Secondly, this application provides another registration method applied to a User Equipment (UE). This method includes: the UE sending a first registration request message to a terrestrial network core network (TN-CN) device, the first registration request message being used by the UE to register with a non-terrestrial network core network (NTN-CN) device; the UE receiving a first registration acceptance message from the TN-CN device, the first registration acceptance message being used to notify the UE that registration with the NTN-CN device has been successful; the UE searching for a non-terrestrial network radio access network (NTN-RAN) device and sending a second registration request message to the NTN-CN device, the second registration request message being used by the UE to register with the NTN-CN device; and the UE receiving the second registration acceptance message and registering with the NTN-CN device. In this way, by sending the first registration request message to the TN-CN device to register with the NTN-CN device, the UE can complete the registration process with the NTN-CN device within the TN-CN network, saving the UE's registration overhead under the NTN-CN network.

[0024] In one possible implementation, sending a second registration request message to the NTN-CN device specifically includes: the UE sending the second registration request message to the NTN-CN device via the NTN-RAN device; the UE receiving a second registration acceptance message specifically includes: the UE receiving the second registration acceptance message sent by the NTN-CN device via the NTN-RAN device. In this way, the UE can transmit messages with the NTN-CN device via the NTN-RAN device.

[0025] In one possible implementation, the UE includes a mobile communication module and a non-terrestrial network (NTN) communication module. The UE sends a first registration request message to the TN-CN device, specifically by sending the first registration request message to the TN-CN device via the mobile communication module. The UE receives a first registration acceptance message from the TN-CN device, specifically by receiving the first registration acceptance message from the TN-CN device via the mobile communication module. The UE then sends a second registration request message to the NTN-CN device, specifically by sending the second registration request message to the NTN-CN device via the NTN communication module. The UE receives the second registration acceptance message, specifically by receiving the second registration acceptance message via the NTN communication module. Thus, the UE's mobile communication module can be used for transmitting messages between the UE and the TN-CN device, and the NTN communication module can also be used for transmitting messages between the UE and the NTN-CN device.

[0026] In one possible implementation, the UE includes an NTN communication module, which is bound to a first SIM card. Before the UE receives a first registration acceptance message from the TN-CN device, the method further includes: the UE receiving a first identity request message from the TN-CN device, the first identity request message being used to obtain a first SIM card identifier; the UE sending a first identity response message to the TN-CN device, the first identity response message including the UE's first SIM card identifier; the UE receiving a first authentication request message from the TN-CN device, the first authentication request message being used to authenticate the first SIM card; the UE sending a first authentication response message to the TN-CN device, the first authentication response message including the UE's authentication response; the UE receiving a first security mode command message from the TN-CN device, the first security mode command message notifying the UE to perform security mode configuration on the first SIM card; and the UE sending a first security mode completion message to the TN-CN device, the first security mode completion message being used to notify the NTN-CN device that the UE has completed the security mode configuration of the first SIM card. In this way, the UE completes the process of obtaining the UE's first SIM card identifier, authenticating the first SIM card, and notifying the UE to configure the security mode under the TN, so that the UE does not need to perform these steps under the NTN, saving the UE's air interface overhead, registration time and power consumption under the NTN.

[0027] In one possible implementation, the UE sends a first registration request message to the TN-CN device, specifically by the UE sending a first NAS message to the TN-CN device via its mobile communication module. The first NAS message includes a first N1 non-terrestrial network container (N1 TNT Container), and the first N1 TNT Container includes the first registration request message. In this way, the UE can send messages to the NTN-CN device through the TN-CN device.

[0028] In one possible implementation, the UE receives a first registration acceptance message from the TN-CN device, specifically including: the UE receiving a second NAS message from the TN-CN device via its mobile communication module. The second NAS message includes a second N1 TNTContainer, and the second N1 TNT Container includes the first registration acceptance message. In this way, the UE can receive messages sent by the NTN-CN device through the TN-CN device.

[0029] In one possible implementation, before the UE sends the first registration request message to the TN-CN device, the method further includes: the UE registering with the TN-CN device via the mobile communication module. Thus, after successfully registering with the TN-CN device, the UE can perform the registration steps for the NTN-CN device under the TN-CN.

[0030] In one possible implementation, the UE sends a first registration request message to the TN-CN device, specifically including: the UE sending a third registration request message to the TN-CN device, the third registration request message including the first registration request message, and the third registration request message being used for the UE to register with the TN-CN device. In this way, the UE can simultaneously send the third registration request message to the TN-CN device and the first registration request message to the NTN-CN device. The TN-CN device can forward the first registration request message to the NTN-CN device, enabling the UE to register with the NTN-CN device under the TN. Alternatively, the UE can simultaneously send the registration request message to the TN-CN device and the NTN-CN device.

[0031] In one possible implementation, the UE receives a first registration acceptance message from the TN-CN device, specifically including: the UE receiving a third registration acceptance message from the TN-CN device, the third registration acceptance message including the first registration acceptance message, and the third registration acceptance message being used to notify the UE to register with the TN-CN device. Thus, the UE can simultaneously receive the registration acceptance message from the TN-CN device notifying the UE to register with the NTN-CN device while receiving the registration acceptance message from the TN-CN device notifying the UE to register with the TN-CN device.

[0032] In one possible implementation, the registration type of the first registration request message is initial registration, and the registration type of the second registration request message is mobility registration.

[0033] Thirdly, this application provides a registration method applied to a communication system, the communication system including a user equipment (UE), a non-terrestrial network core network (NTN-CN) device, and a terrestrial network core network (TN-CN) device; the method includes: the UE sending a first registration request message to the TN-CN device, the first registration request message including capability information indicating that the UE supports NTN communication, the first registration request message being used for the UE to register with the TN-CN device; the TN-CN device sending a first registration acceptance message to the UE, the first registration acceptance message including the equivalent public land mobile network (EPLMN) of the NTN, the first registration acceptance message being used to notify the UE that the registration with the TN-CN device has been successful; and the UE searching for the NTN-RAN based on the EPLMN.

[0034] The UE sends a second registration request message to the NTN-CN device, which is used for the UE to register with the NTN-CN device. The NTN-CN device obtains the UE's registration context from the TN-CN device. The UE's registration context includes the UE's authentication information, security mode configuration, air interface capability information, paging capability information, and maximum aggregate bit rate (AMBR). The NTN-CN device sends a second registration acceptance message to the UE. Upon receiving the second registration acceptance message, the UE registers with the NTN-CN device.

[0035] In this way, the UE can roam and access the NTN without having to perform a registration process with the NTN-CN under the NTN, saving the time of UE registration with the core network, air interface resources, and UE power consumption.

[0036] Fourthly, this application provides a user equipment, including: a plurality of processors and one or more memories, the plurality of processors including a mobile communication module and an NTN communication module; the one or more memories are coupled to the plurality of processors, the one or more memories being used to store a computer-executable program, and when the one or more processors are executing the computer-executable program, causing the terminal to perform the method as described in the second aspect.

[0037] Fifthly, this application provides a computer-readable storage medium for storing a computer program that, when run on a computer's processor, causes the computer to perform the method as described in the second aspect.

[0038] In a sixth aspect, this application provides a chip for use in a user equipment, comprising multiple modules, including a mobile communication module and an NTN communication module, the multiple modules being used to perform the method as described in the second aspect. Attached Figure Description

[0039] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a communication system 10 provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0040] Figure 2 This application provides a schematic diagram of a registration call process as an embodiment of the present application.

[0041] Figure 3 A schematic flowchart illustrating a registration method provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0042] Figure 4 A flowchart is provided for an embodiment of this application;

[0043] Figure 5 A flowchart illustrating another registration method provided in this application embodiment;

[0044] Figure 6A flowchart illustrating another registration method provided in this application embodiment;

[0045] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the hardware structure of a UE100 provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0046] The technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will be clearly and thoroughly described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the description of the embodiments of this application, unless otherwise stated, " / " means "or," for example, A / B can mean A or B; the word "and / or" in the text is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, and B existing alone.

[0047] Hereinafter, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as implying or suggesting relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature, and in the description of the embodiments of this application, unless otherwise stated, "multiple" means two or more.

[0048] First, we introduce a communication system provided by an embodiment of this application.

[0049] For example, such as Figure 1 As shown, the communication system 10 may include, but is not limited to, core network (CN) equipment, one or more base stations (next generation node b, gNB), and user equipment (UE) 100. The core network equipment can be used to authenticate UEs and provide mobile communication services (e.g., call control, data transmission, etc.) to UEs accessing the core network equipment. The core network equipment can be divided into terrestrial network core network (TN-CN) equipment and non-terrestrial network core network (NTN-CN) equipment. The NTN-CN equipment may include, but is not limited to, access and mobility management function (AMF) 300. The AMF 300 can be used for NTN core network registration management, UE mobility management control, and context security management, etc.

[0050] The one or more base stations mentioned here can be referred to as radio access network (RAN) equipment. RAN equipment can be used by the UE to access core network equipment. RAN equipment can be divided into terrestrial network radio access network (TN-RAN) equipment and non-terrestrial network radio access network (NTN-RAN) equipment. UE100 can access TN-CN equipment through TN-RAN equipment, and TN-RAN equipment may include... Figure 1 The ground base station is shown. UE100 can access NTN-CN equipment through NTN-RAN equipment, and NTN-RAN equipment may include... Figure 1 The base station 200 is shown. It should be noted that base station 200 may include a satellite and a ground transceiver station. When UE100 sends data to the NTN-CN device, UE100 first sends the data to the satellite of base station 200. After receiving the data sent by UE100, the satellite of base station 200 can relay the data sent by UE100 to the ground transceiver station. The ground transceiver station can then transmit the data sent by UE100 to the NTN-CN device. Similarly, when the NTN-CN device sends data to UE100, the NTN-CN device can first send the data to the ground transceiver station of base station 200. The ground transceiver station can then relay the data sent by the NTN-CN device to the satellite of base station 200. The satellite of base station 200 can then distribute the data from the NTN-CN device to UE100.

[0051] In this embodiment, UE100 can transmit wireless signals to base station 200. After receiving the wireless signals transmitted by UE100, base station 200 can forward the wireless signals to AMF300 on the ground. Similarly, AMF300 can transmit wireless signals to base station 200, and after receiving the wireless signals transmitted by AMF300, base station 200 can forward the wireless signals to UE100. Thus, when UE100 is in areas where mobile communication is not covered, or cannot be covered, or where the communication system is damaged, such as oceans, deserts, grasslands, or uninhabited areas, UE100 cannot receive signals from the terrestrial network. It can access the core network of a non-terrestrial network through a satellite base station and perform positioning and communication through the core network of the non-terrestrial network.

[0052] The transmission protocols of communication system 10 include access stratum (AS) protocols and non-access stratum (NAS) protocols. In communication system 10, UE100 and AMF300 can communicate via the NAS protocol, UE100 and base station 200 can communicate via the AS protocol, and AMF300 and base station 200 can also communicate via the AS protocol. The AS protocol layer can include the physical (PHY) layer, medium access control (MAC) layer, radio link control (RLC) layer, packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer, and radio resource control (RRC) layer.

[0053] In the following description, NTN-CN equipment may be abbreviated as NTN-CN, TN-CN equipment may be abbreviated as TN-CN, NTN-RAN equipment may be abbreviated as NTN-RAN, and TN-RAN equipment may be abbreviated as TN-RAN.

[0054] The following describes a registration call process for UE100 under NTN provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0055] For example, such as Figure 2 As shown, the registration call process includes the following steps:

[0056] Phase 1: Downlink Synchronization (DL Sync)

[0057] S201.UE100 receives the master information block (MIB) sent by base station 200.

[0058] Base station 200 can broadcast MIBs, which can be received by UEs within its beamline. The MIB includes demodulation parameters of System Information Block Type 1 (SIB1), system bandwidth, system frame number, etc. UE 100 can adjust its receiving frequency range to match the frequency range of downlink signals received from base station 200 based on the MIB. UE 100 can also adjust the timing of receiving communication frames from base station 200 based on the MIB.

[0059] S202.UE100 receives SIB1 sent by base station 200.

[0060] SIB1, also known as Remaining Minimum System Information (RMSI), is a SIB message broadcast by base station 200. UE 100 can obtain the content of SIB1 broadcast by base station 200 according to the demodulation parameters indicated by MIB. SIB1 may include reception time parameters for other SIB messages, indicating the time points at which UE 100 receives other SIBs.

[0061] In this way, after performing the steps of Phase 1, UE100 can achieve downlink synchronization with base station 200, and UE100 can receive data sent by base station 200 within the frequency band indicated by base station 200 and at the time indicated by base station 200.

[0062] Phase Two: Uplink Synchronization (UL Sync)

[0063] S203.UE100 sends message 1 (message1, MSG1) to base station 200.

[0064] Message 1 is the preamble sequence for the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) uplink synchronization process. UE100 can obtain the random access channel (RACH) configuration information based on SIB1 and select the corresponding preamble sequence according to the obtained configuration information. Based on the preamble sequence, UE100 can achieve uplink synchronization with base station 200, and UE100 can send uplink signals to base station 200. Message 1 can be referred to as the random access channel preamble sequence (RACH Preamble).

[0065] S204.UE100 receives message 2 (message2, MSG2) sent by base station 200.

[0066] After receiving MSG1 from UE100, base station 200 can determine the transmission delay between base station 200 and UE100 based on MSG1. Then, base station 200 can determine the value of the Timing Advance Command (TAM) field based on the transmission delay with UE100. The Timing Advance Command field is a field in MSG2, used to indicate the time when UE100 should send uplink data. Base station 200 can send MSG2, including the TAM field, to UE100. UE100 can determine the time to send uplink data to base station 200 after receiving MSG2. Message 2 can be called a Random Access Channel Response (RACH Response).

[0067] In this way, after performing the steps of Phase Two, UE100 can achieve uplink synchronization with base station 200, and UE100 can send data to base station 200 within the frequency band indicated by base station 200 and at the time indicated by base station 200.

[0068] Phase 3, Signaling Radio Bearers 0 (SRB0)

[0069] S205.UE100 sends message 3 (message3, MSG3) to base station 200.

[0070] After receiving MSG2, UE100 can perform the steps to establish an RRC connection with base station 200. UE100 can then transmit NAS layer data through the RRC connection. Specifically, based on the uplink data transmission time indicated by MSG2, UE100 can send MSG3 to base station 200 via SRB0 on ​​the uplink common control channel (UL-CCCH). This MSG3 is an RRC Setup Request. SRB0 can be used to carry the RRC message MSG3.

[0071] S206.UE100 receives message 4 (message4, MSG4) sent by base station 200.

[0072] Base station 200 can receive MSG3 from UE100 at the time indicated by MSG2. After receiving MSG3, base station 200 can determine whether to allow the establishment of an RRC connection and set the content of MSG4 according to the determination result. Specifically, when base station 200 does not allow the establishment of an RRC connection, message 4 is a Radio Resource Control Reject (RRC Reject) message. When base station 200 confirms the establishment of an RRC connection, message 4 is a Radio Resource Control Setup (RRC Setup) message. Base station 200 can also carry the complete configuration of SRB1 in the RRC Setup message, and base station 200 can send this MSG4 through SRB0. UE100 can establish SRB1 based on this message after receiving the RRC Setup message.

[0073] In this way, UE100 can establish an RRC connection after performing the steps in Phase 3.

[0074] Phase 4, Signaling Radio Bearers 1 (SRB1)

[0075] S207.UE100 sends a Radio Resource Control Connection Setup Complete (RRC Setup Complete) message and a Non-Access Stratum Registration (NAS Registration) message to base station 200.

[0076] After receiving MSG4, UE100 can configure SRB1 based on MSG4. After completing SRB1 configuration, UE100 can send an RRC Setup Complete message to base station 200. This message is used by UE100 to confirm that the RRC connection has been successfully established. Upon receiving the RRC Setup Complete message, base station 200 can select an AMF. Here, the AMF selected by base station 200 is... Figure 1 The AMF300 shown.

[0077] The RRC Setup Complete message carries a Non-Access Stratum (NAS) registration message, which can be used by UE100 to register with the AMF. Specifically, the RRC Setup Complete message sent by UE100 to base station 200 is carried on SRB1.

[0078] Thus, in the fourth phase, UE100 can send NAS messages to base station 200 via SRB1, and base station 200 can forward UE100's NAS messages to AMF300.

[0079] Phase 5: Registration Request

[0080] S208. Base station 200 sends the Initial UE Message and Registration Request message of the NG Application Protocol (NGAP) to AMF300.

[0081] The NGAP provides signaling services to RAN and AMF nodes, and enables UE access to the core network via signaling and data connections. After selecting AMF300, base station 200 sends an Initial UE Message to AMF300. This message notifies AMF300 that UE100 will access the core network. The message includes the radio access network user equipment identity (RAN UE NGAP ID) assigned to UE100 by base station 200 in the NG application protocol. AMF300 can transmit NAS messages with UE100 using this RAN UE NGAP ID. Specifically, base station 200 can send the NAS message (i.e., registration request message) carried in the RRC Setup Complete message to AMF300 via the Initial UE Message. This registration request message notifies AMF300 that UE100 is registering with the core network.

[0082] Phase Six: Non-Access Stratum (NAS) Procedure Identity, Authentication (AUTH), and Security Mode Command (SMC)

[0083] S209.AMF300 sends an NGAP Non-Access Stratum Identity Request (NAS Identity Request) message to base station 200.

[0084] Among them, the non-access stratum identity request is used by the AMF300 in the core network to obtain the identity identifier of UE100.

[0085] S210. Base station 200 sends a non-access stratum identity request message to UE100.

[0086] After receiving the NAS message sent by AMF300, base station 200 can forward the NAS message to UE100.

[0087] S211.UE100 sends a Non-Access Stratum Identity Response (NAS Identity Response) message to base station 200.

[0088] After receiving a NAS message from AMF300, UE100 can generate an identity response message, which carries the identity identifier indicated by the identity request message. For example, this identity identifier can be an International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI). UE100 can then send the identity response message to base station 200.

[0089] S212. Base station 200 sends an NGAP non-access stratum identity response message to AMF300.

[0090] After receiving the NAS message sent by UE100, base station 200 can forward the NAS message to AMF300. After receiving the identity response message from UE100, AMF300 can execute step S213 based on the identity identifier of UE100 carried in the identity response message.

[0091] S213.AMF300 sends an NGAP Non-Access Stratum Authentication Request (NAS Authentication Request) message to base station 200.

[0092] Upon receiving the identity verification parameters, the AMF300 can generate authentication parameters carried in a non-access stratum authentication request message. These authentication parameters may include, but are not limited to, random numbers (RAND) generated by the AMF300 using a random number generator, and authentication tokens (AUTN). The AMF300 can then send the non-access stratum authentication request message to the base station 200.

[0093] S214. Base station 200 sends a non-access stratum authentication request message to UE100.

[0094] S215.UE100 sends a Non-Access Stratum Authentication Response (NAS Authentication Response) message to base station 200.

[0095] After receiving the NAS authentication request message sent by AMF300 through base station 200, UE100 can calculate its response (RES) based on the RAND and AUTN in the authentication parameters. UE100 can then send a non-access stratum authentication response message carrying the RES to base station 200.

[0096] S216. Base station 200 sends an NGAP non-access stratum authentication response message to AMF300.

[0097] After receiving the non-access stratum authentication response message from UE100 through base station 200, AMF300 can authenticate whether UE100 is a legitimate terminal based on RES. When AMF300 confirms that UE100 is a legitimate terminal (i.e., AMF300 authentication is successful), AMF300 can provide communication services to UE100.

[0098] S217.AMF300 sends an NGAP Non-Access Stratum Security Mode Command (NAS Security ModeCommand) message to base station 200.

[0099] The non-access stratum security mode command message can be used to notify UE100 to activate integrity protection and data encryption.

[0100] S218. Base station 200 sends a non-access stratum security mode command message to UE100.

[0101] S219.UE100 sends a Non-Access Stratum Security Mode Complete (NAS Security Mode Complete) message to base station 200.

[0102] UE100 can determine the integrity protection and encryption algorithm based on the Non-Access Stratum Security Mode Command Message. UE100 can then encrypt NAS messages based on this integrity and encryption algorithm. After receiving the Non-Access Stratum Security Mode Command Message, UE100 can also send a Non-Access Stratum Security Mode Completion Message to base station 200 to indicate that UE100 has completed the security mode configuration.

[0103] S220. Base station 200 sends an NGAP non-access stratum security mode completion message to AMF300.

[0104] AMF300 can receive a non-access stratum security mode completion message from UE100 through base station 200, and determine that UE100 encrypts the NAS message according to the agreed encryption algorithm.

[0105] S221.AMF300 sends an initial context setup request (NGAP) message and a registration accept (registration accept) message to the base station.

[0106] The AMF300 can send an Initial Context Setup Request message to the base station 200 to initiate the initial context establishment process. This message includes a Registration Acceptance message, which is a NAS message.

[0107] Thus, in the sixth phase, UE100 and UE AMF300 can complete identity query, authentication, NAS security mode setting, and UE100 registration process by transparently transmitting NAS messages through base station 200.

[0108] Phase 7: User Equipment Capability Exchange

[0109] S222. Base station 200 sends a UE Capability Enquiry message to UE100.

[0110] After receiving the initial context setting request message from AMF300, base station 200 can send a user equipment capability query message to UE100, initiating the UE100 capability query process. After obtaining the capabilities of UE100, base station 200 can provide UE100 with the resources it needs.

[0111] S223.UE100 sends a User Equipment Capability Information message to base station 200.

[0112] UE100 replies to base station 200 with a UE Capability Information message, which carries UE100's capability information. The UE100's capability information can be used to indicate the networks supported by UE100, etc.

[0113] S224. Base station 200 sends an NGAP User Equipment Capability Information Indication (UE CapabilityInfoIndication) message to AMF300.

[0114] Base station 200 sends a UE Capability InfoIndication message to AMF300, which AMF300 can use to save the capability information of UE100.

[0115] In this way, in the seventh stage, both AMF300 and base station 200 acquire the capabilities of UE100 and can configure corresponding functions for UE100.

[0116] Phase 8: Access Stratum Security Mode Command (ASSMC)

[0117] S225. Base station 200 sends an access layer security mode command message to UE100.

[0118] After reporting the capabilities of UE100 to AMF300, base station 200 can send an Access Layer Security Mode Command Message to UE100, instructing UE100 to perform integrity protection and encryption on data, enabling secure transmission of RRC messages between UE100 and base station 200. The Access Layer Security Mode Command Message can specify the security key, integrity key, encryption algorithm, and integrity protection algorithm used when transmitting messages between UE100 and base station 200. After sending the Access Layer Security Mode Command Message, base station 200 can encrypt the data and set integrity protection for it before sending the encrypted and integrity-protected data to UE100.

[0119] S226.UE100 sends an Access Layer Security Mode Complete (AS Security Mode Complete) message to base station 200.

[0120] After receiving the access stratum security mode command message from the base station 200, the UE100 can send an access stratum security mode completion message to the base station 200. This access stratum security mode completion message undergoes integrity protection processing. After sending the access stratum security mode completion message to the base station 200, the UE100 can initiate secure mode. In secure mode, the UE100 will use an algorithm agreed upon with the base station 200 to perform integrity protection and encryption on the data, and then send the integrity-protected and encrypted data to the base station 200.

[0121] In this way, after the eighth stage, UE100 and base station 200 can use the agreed key to encrypt and protect the transmitted data, ensuring the security of data transmission.

[0122] Phase Nine: Signaling Radio Bearers 2 (SRB2) and Data Radio Bearers (DRB)

[0123] S227. Base station 200 sends a Radio Resource Control Connection Reconfiguration (RRC ConnectionReconfiguration) message and a registration acceptance message to UE100.

[0124] Base station 200 sends an RRC Connection Reconfiguration message to UE100. The RRC Connection Reconfiguration message includes a registration acceptance message sent from AMF and parameters used to establish a radio bearer.

[0125] S228.UE100 sends a Radio Resource Control Connection Reconfiguration Complete (RRC ConnectionReconfiguration Complete) message to base station 200.

[0126] After receiving the RRC Connection Reconfiguration message, UE100 begins establishing SRB2 and DRB. Once established successfully, UE100 can reply to base station 200 with an RRC Connection Reconfiguration Complete message. The DRB can be used to transmit UE100 data, such as Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) / Internet Protocol (IP) packets.

[0127] S229. Base station 200 sends an initial context setup response message for NGAP to AMF300.

[0128] After receiving the RRC Connection Reconfiguration Complete message, base station 200 can send an initial context setting response message to AMF300.

[0129] Phase 10: Registration Complete

[0130] S230.UE100 sends a registration complete message to base station 200.

[0131] S231. Base station 200 sends an NGAP registration completion message to AMF300.

[0132] Base station 200 sends the registration completion message of UE100 to AMF300, and UE100 successfully registers with the core network.

[0133] Thus, after the above ten steps, UE100 successfully registers with the core network and can send service data to AMF300 through base station 200, and can also receive service data from AMF300 through base station 200.

[0134] Phase 11: Protocol Data Unit Session (PDU Session)

[0135] S232.UE100 sends a Protocol Data Unit Session Establishment Request (PDU SessionEstablishment Request) message to base station 200.

[0136] Among them, the PDU Session Establishment Request message is a NAS message.

[0137] S233. Base station 200 sends an NGAP Protocol Data Unit Session Establishment Request message to AMF300.

[0138] S234.AMF300 sends an NGAP Protocol Data Unit Session Establishment Accept message to base station 200.

[0139] After receiving the Protocol Data Unit Session Establishment Request message from UE100 through base station 200, AMF300 can allocate PDU session connection resources to UE100 and send a Protocol Data Unit Session Establishment Accept message to UE100 through base station 200.

[0140] S235. Base station 200 sends a Protocol Data Unit Session Establishment Accept Message to UE100.

[0141] UE100 establishes a PDU session connection with AMF300, through which PDU messages can be transmitted.

[0142] Thus, UE100 successfully registers with the core network of the non-terrestrial network through steps S201 to S231. Before accessing the non-terrestrial network, UE100 needs to perform the registration process of the non-terrestrial network core network. When registering with the non-terrestrial network, UE100 needs to transmit data through a satellite base station. Due to the long distance between UE100 and the satellite base station, to avoid the satellite base station being unable to transmit data to UE100, the bandwidth used by the satellite base station for data transmission is relatively narrow, resulting in less data being transmitted between UE100 and the satellite base station per unit time. Furthermore, due to frequent signaling interactions during UE100's registration with the non-terrestrial network, the channel quality between UE100 and the satellite base station is relatively poor, requiring more time to transmit data. The power consumption of UE100 in sending or receiving satellite signals is high, resulting in a long registration time for UE100 with the non-terrestrial network.

[0143] This application provides a registration method. UE100 includes an NTN communication module and a mobile communication module. The mobile communication module is bound to a subscriber identification module (SIM) 1, and the NTN communication module is bound to SIM 2. UE100 can access a terrestrial network through the mobile communication module. UE100 can also access a non-terrestrial network through the NTN communication module. The mobile communication module can obtain the registration information of the NTN communication module, which can be used for the NTN communication module to register with the core network of the non-terrestrial network. After the mobile communication module registers with the core network of the terrestrial network, it can send the registration information of the NTN communication module to the core network of the non-terrestrial network through the core network of the terrestrial network. The NTN communication module can execute the registration process of the core network of the non-terrestrial network through the mobile communication module and the core network of the terrestrial network. After the NTN communication module of UE100 detects an NTN base station, it can access the core network of the non-terrestrial network.

[0144] In this way, after successfully registering with the core network of the terrestrial network, UE100 can perform the registration process for non-terrestrial networks under the terrestrial network. When UE100 discovers a non-terrestrial network, since UE100 has already performed the registration process for the non-terrestrial network under the terrestrial network, and the core network of the non-terrestrial network stores UE100's registration information, UE100 does not need to perform the registration process under the non-terrestrial network and can access the core network of the non-terrestrial network. This reduces the signaling overhead between UE100 and the core network of the non-terrestrial network, saves the time required for UE100 to perform the registration process under the non-terrestrial network, and saves UE100's power consumption.

[0145] It should be noted that the binding of the NTN communication module and mobile communication module of UE100 to SIM is only an example. The NTN communication module and mobile communication module of UE100 can also be bound to an embedded subscriber identification module (eSIM). This application embodiment does not limit this.

[0146] For example, such as Figure 3 As shown, the registration method provided in this application includes the following steps:

[0147] S301. The mobile communication module of UE100 obtains the non-terrestrial network registration request message 31 of the NTN communication module of UE100. The registration type of the non-terrestrial network registration request message 31 is initial registration.

[0148] Before initiating TN registration, the mobile communication module can obtain the registration request information of the NTN communication module. For example, the mobile communication module and the NTN communication module can transmit data via the NAS layer protocol, and the mobile communication module can obtain the non-terrestrial network registration request message 31 of the NTN communication module via the NAS layer protocol. This non-terrestrial network registration request message 31 can be used to trigger the NTN-CN registration process. If the NTN communication module of UE100 has not registered with NTN-CN after power-on, it initiates an initial registration request. For example, this non-terrestrial network registration request message 31 can be represented as NTN registrationrequest (initial registration).

[0149] S302. The mobile communication module is registered to TN-CN via TN-RAN.

[0150] UE100 can register with TN-CN after power-on. The mobile communication module performs the TN-CN registration network operation. For a detailed description of the mobile communication module registering with TN-CN via TN-RAN, please refer to... Figure 2 The embodiment shown is where UE100 registers with NTN-CN via NTN-RAN, and will not be described again here. The mobile communication module has successfully registered with TN-CN.

[0151] Optionally, the mobile communication module may obtain the registration request message 31 of the NTN communication module after successfully registering with the TN-CN.

[0152] S303. The mobile communication module sends a non-access stratum message (NAS message) 32 to the TN-CN via the TN-RAN. The NAS message 32 includes an N1 interface non-terrestrial network container (N1 NTN Container) 33, which includes a non-terrestrial network registration request message 31.

[0153] The N1 interface is the communication interface between UE100 and AMF300 of NTN. The N1 NTN Container can be used to carry data sent by UE100 to AMF300. For example, the non-access stratum message 32 can be represented as NAS message(N1NTN Container(NTN registration request(initial registration))).

[0154] S304.TN-CN sends N1 NTN Container33 to NTN-CN.

[0155] The TN-CN can send N1 NTN Container 33 to the NTN-CN based on SIM2's NTN subscription information, such as the public land mobile network (PLMN) of SIM2's NTN. Specifically, the TN-CN's AMF can send N1 NTN Container 33 to the NTN-CN's AMF300. The TN-CN includes a subscription server that can provide NTN subscription services. SIM2 can obtain this NTN subscription service through the TN-CN's operator. The TN-CN's AMF can obtain SIM2's subscribed NTN information from the TN-CN's subscription server.

[0156] S305.NTN-CN obtains the identity identifier of the NTN communication module.

[0157] The AMF300 of the NTN-CN can obtain the identity of the NTN communication module through the TN-CN, TN-RAN, and mobile communication module. Here, the identity of the NTN communication module is a SIM2 identifier, for example, a subscriber concealed identifier (SUCI). The AMF300 can determine the identity of the NTN communication module based on the SUCI.

[0158] S306.NTN-CN is used for SIM2 authentication of the NTN communication module.

[0159] The NTN-CN and NTN communication modules can transmit authentication signaling through the TN-CN, TN-RAN, and mobile communication modules to enable SIM2 authentication of the UE100 by the NTN-CN's AMF300.

[0160] S307.NTN-CN notifies the NTN communication module to configure security mode.

[0161] The NTN-CN and NTN communication modules can transmit security mode commands via TN-CN, TN-RAN, and mobile communication modules, enabling the NTN-CN's AMF300 to perform security mode command operations on the UE100. The UE100 and AMF300 can use agreed-upon encryption and integrity algorithms to ensure the security of transmitted data.

[0162] For a detailed description of steps S305 to S307, please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 4 The illustrated embodiment.

[0163] S308. NTN-CN sends an N1 NTN Container 35 to TN-CN, including a non-terrestrial network registration acceptance message (NTN registrationaccept) 34.

[0164] After UE100's identity authentication is successful, authorization is completed, and security mode configuration is successful, the NTN-CN's AMF300 can send a non-terrestrial network registration acceptance message 34 to UE100. The non-terrestrial network registration acceptance message 34 indicates that the NTN-CN's AMF300 accepts UE100's registration request. The AMF300 can add the non-terrestrial network registration acceptance message 34 to the N1 NTN Container35 and then send the N1 NTN Container35 to the TN-CN's AMF.

[0165] S309.TN-CN sends a non-access stratum message 36 to the mobile communication module of UE100 via TN-RAN. The non-access stratum message 36 includes N1 NTN Container 35.

[0166] The TN-CN's AMF can package the N1 NTN Container 35 into a non-access stratum message 36, and send the non-access stratum message 36 to the mobile communication module via the TN-CN.

[0167] S310. The mobile communication module sends the non-terrestrial network registration and acceptance message 34 to the NTN communication module.

[0168] After receiving the non-access stratum message 36, the mobile communication module can obtain the non-terrestrial network registration acceptance message 34 from the non-access stratum message 36 and send the non-terrestrial network registration acceptance message 34 to the NTN communication module.

[0169] S311.UE100 detected NTN-RAN.

[0170] UE100 searches for NTN-RAN (e.g., base station 200) based on the PLMN information stored in the NTN communication module. UE100 can establish an RRC connection with base station 200 in the NTN-RAN. For details, please refer to [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 2 The embodiments shown are not described in detail here.

[0171] It should be noted that before searching for the NTN-RAN, UE100 needs to perform a satellite alignment operation, aligning the antenna radiation direction of UE100 with the satellite transmission link direction of base station 200. UE100 can display satellite alignment prompts to remind the user to align the antenna radiation direction of UE100 with the satellite transmission link direction of base station 200. After successful satellite alignment, UE100 can receive satellite signals with strong signal quality.

[0172] S312.UE100's NTN communication module sends a registration request message 36 to NTN-CN through NTN-RAN. The registration type of the registration request message 36 is mobility registration update.

[0173] The NTN communication module of UE100 sends a registration request message 36, with the registration type being mobility registration, to the AMF300 of NTN-CN via the base station 200 of NTN-RAN. For example, this registration request message 36 can be represented as registrationrequest(mobility registration update). The registration request message 36 includes the identity identifier of the NTN communication module.

[0174] S313.NTN-CN sends a registration acceptance message 37 to the NTN communication module via NTN-RAN.

[0175] After receiving the registration request message 36 sent by UE100, NTN-CN can determine the registration context of the NTN communication module storing UE100 based on the identity of the NTN communication module. NTN-CN does not need to perform the authentication process shown in steps S305 to S307. After determining that UE100 has successfully registered, NTN-CN sends a registration acceptance message 37 to UE100's NTN communication module through the base station 200 of NTN-RAN.

[0176] In this way, when UE100 switches from TN to NTN, it does not need to perform the UE100 registration process under NTN to access NTN-CN, saving registration time, saving air interface resources, and reducing equipment power consumption.

[0177] like Figure 4 As shown, Figure 3 Steps S305-S307 in the illustrated embodiment include the following sub-steps:

[0178] S401. NTN-CN sends an N1 NTN Container 42 containing a non-terrestrial network identity request (NTN identity request) message 41 to TN-CN.

[0179] After receiving the N1 NTN Container 33 sent by the TN-CN, the NTN-CN can retrieve the Non-Terrestrial Network Registration Request Message 31 from the N1 NTN Container 33. Upon receiving the Non-Terrestrial Network Registration Request Message 31, the NTN-CN can obtain the identity identifier of the UE100's NTN communication module. Here, the NTN-CN can send the N1 NTN Container 42, which includes the Non-Terrestrial Network Identity Request Message 41, to the TN-CN. For example, this N1 NTN Container 42 can be an N1 NTN container (NTN identity request).

[0180] S402.TN-CN sends a non-access stratum message 43, including N1 NTN Container 42, to the mobile communication module of UE100 via TN-RAN.

[0181] The TN-CN can encapsulate the N1 NTN Container 42 into a Non-Access Stratum (NAS) message 43 and send the NAS message 43 to the mobile communication module of the UE100 via the TN-RAN. For example, the NAS message 43 can be a NAS message (N1 NTN container (NTN identity request)).

[0182] S403. The mobile communication module of UE100 sends a non-terrestrial network identity request message 41 to the NTN communication module of UE100.

[0183] The Non-Access Stratum Message 43 includes the identity identifier of the UE100's mobile communication module. Based on the identity identifier of the mobile communication module, the UE100 can determine that the Non-Access Stratum Message 43 is a TN-CN message sent to the UE100. After receiving the Non-Access Stratum Message 43 through the mobile communication module, the UE100 can send the Non-Terrestrial Network Identity Request Message 41 from the Non-Access Stratum Message 43 to the NTN communication module.

[0184] S404. The NTN communication module sends a non-terrestrial network identity response (NTN identity response) message 44 to the mobile communication module.

[0185] After receiving the non-terrestrial network identity request message 41, the NTN communication module can generate a non-terrestrial network identity response message 44 based on the identity identifier of the NTN communication module, and send the non-terrestrial network identity response message 44 to the mobile communication module.

[0186] S405. The mobile communication module sends a non-access stratum message 45 to the TN-CN via the TN-RAN. The non-access stratum message 45 includes an N1 NTN Container 46, and the N1 NTN Container 46 includes a non-terrestrial network identity response message 44.

[0187] The mobile communication module can encapsulate the non-terrestrial network identity response message 44 to obtain the non-access stratum message 45. For example, the non-access stratum message 45 can be a NAS message (N1 NTN Container (NTN identity response)).

[0188] S406.TN-CN sends N1 NTN Container46 to NTN-CN.

[0189] After receiving the non-access stratum message 45, the TN-CN can send the N1 NTN Container 46 to the NTN-CN, and the NTN-CN can obtain the identity of the NTN communication module of UE100.

[0190] Sub-steps S401 to S406 belong to step S305. A description of sub-steps S401 to S406 can be found in [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 2 The embodiments shown are not described in detail here.

[0191] S407. NTN-CN sends an N1 NTN Container 48 containing a non-terrestrial network authentication request (NTN authentication request) message 47 to TN-CN.

[0192] After receiving the identity identifier of the NTN communication module, the NTN-CN can authenticate the NTN communication module. The NTN-CN can send an N1 NTN Container 48, which includes a non-terrestrial network authentication request message 47, to the TN-CN. For example, the N1 NTN Container 48 can be an N1 NTN container (NTN authentication request).

[0193] S408.TN-CN sends a NAS message 49, including N1 NTN Container 48, to the mobile communication module of UE100 via TN-RAN.

[0194] The TN-CN can encapsulate the N1 NTN Container 428 into a Non-Access Stratum (NAS) message 49 and send the NAS message 49 to the mobile communication module of the UE100 via the TN-RAN. For example, the NAS message 49 can be a NAS message (N1NTN container (NTN authentication request)).

[0195] S409. The mobile communication module of UE100 sends a non-terrestrial network authentication request message 47 to the NTN communication module of UE100.

[0196] The Non-Access Stratum Message 49 includes the identity identifier of the UE100's mobile communication module. Based on the identity identifier of the mobile communication module, the UE100 can determine that the Non-Access Stratum Message 49 is a TN-CN message sent to the UE100. After receiving the Non-Access Stratum Message 49 through the mobile communication module, the UE100 can send the Non-Terrestrial Network Authentication Request Message 47 within the Non-Access Stratum Message 49 to the NTN communication module.

[0197] S410. The NTN communication module sends a non-terrestrial network authentication response (NTN authentication response) message 50 to the mobile communication module.

[0198] After receiving the non-terrestrial network authentication request message 47, the NTN communication module can calculate the authentication response by using the authentication parameters of SIM2 and the authentication parameters of the non-terrestrial network authentication request message 47 through the authentication algorithm, generate a non-terrestrial network authentication response message 50 based on the authentication response, and send the non-terrestrial network authentication response message 50 to the mobile communication module.

[0199] S411. The mobile communication module sends a non-access stratum message 51 to the TN-CN through the TN-RAN. The non-access stratum message 51 includes an N1 NTN Container 52, and the N1 NTN Container 52 includes a non-terrestrial network authentication response message 50.

[0200] The mobile communication module can encapsulate the non-terrestrial network authentication response message 50 to obtain the non-access stratum message 51. For example, the non-access stratum message 51 can be a NAS message (N1 NTN Container (NTN authentication response)).

[0201] S412.TN-CN sends N1 NTN Container52 to NTN-CN.

[0202] After receiving the non-access stratum message 51, the TN-CN can send the N1 NTN Container 52 to the NTN-CN. The AMF300 of the NTN-CN can obtain the non-terrestrial network authentication response message 50 of UE100 and determine whether UE100 has passed authentication based on the authentication response of the non-terrestrial network authentication response message 50. In this case, the AMF300 authenticates UE100 successfully.

[0203] Sub-steps S407 to S412 belong to step S306. A description of sub-steps S407 to S412 can be found in [reference needed]. Figure 2 The embodiments shown are not described in detail here.

[0204] S413.NTN-CN sends an N1 NTNContainer54 containing a non-terrestrial network security mode command (NTN security mode command) message 53 to TN-CN.

[0205] After receiving the non-terrestrial network authentication response message 50, the NTN-CN can notify the UE100 to configure the security mode. Here, the NTN-CN can send an N1 NTNContainer 54 to the TN-CN, including a non-terrestrial network security mode command message 53. For example, this N1 NTN Container 54 can be an N1 NTN container (NTN security mode command).

[0206] S414.TN-CN sends a NAS message 55, including N1 NTN Container 54, to the mobile communication module of UE100 via TN-RAN.

[0207] The TN-CN can encapsulate the N1 NTN Container 54 into a Non-Access Stratum (NAS) message 55 and send the NAS message 55 to the UE100's mobile communication module via the TN-RAN. For example, the NAS message 55 can be an N1 NTN container (NTN security mode command) message.

[0208] S415. The mobile communication module of UE100 sends a non-terrestrial network security mode command message 53 to the NTN communication module of UE100.

[0209] The Non-Access Stratum (NAS) message 55 includes the identity identifier of the UE100's mobile communication module. Based on the identity identifier of the mobile communication module, the UE100 can determine that the NAS message 55 is a TN-CN message sent to the UE100. After receiving the NAS message 55 through the mobile communication module, the UE100 can send the Non-Terrestrial Network Security Mode Command message 53 from the NAS message 55 to the NTN communication module.

[0210] S416. The NTN communication module sends a non-terrestrial network security mode complete message (NTN securitymode complete) to the mobile communication module.

[0211] After receiving the non-terrestrial network security mode command message 53, the NTN communication module can determine the encryption algorithm and integrity algorithm. The UE100 can then process the uplink data sent to the NTN-CN using the obtained encryption and integrity algorithms. The NTN communication module can also generate a non-terrestrial network security mode completion message 56 after receiving the non-terrestrial network security mode command message 53, and send this message to the mobile communication module.

[0212] S417. The mobile communication module sends a non-access stratum message 57 to the TN-CN via the TN-RAN. The non-access stratum message 57 includes an N1 NTN Container 58, and the N1 NTN Container 58 includes a non-terrestrial network security mode command completion message 56.

[0213] The mobile communication module can encapsulate message 56 into a non-access stratum message 57 based on a non-terrestrial network security mode. For example, the non-access stratum message 57 can be a NAS message (N1 NTN Container (NTN security modecomplete)).

[0214] S418.TN-CN sends N1 NTN Container58 to NTN-CN.

[0215] After receiving the non-access stratum message 57, the TN-CN can send the N1 NTN Container 58 to the NTN-CN, which can then determine that the security mode command operation has been completed.

[0216] Sub-steps S413 to S418 belong to step S307. A description of sub-steps S413 to S418 can be found in [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 2 The embodiments shown are not described in detail here.

[0217] In one possible implementation, the mobile communication module can execute the NTN communication module's registration process for non-terrestrial networks during the terrestrial network registration process. Specifically, when sending a terrestrial network registration request message to the TN-CN, the mobile communication module can simultaneously send the NTN communication module's non-terrestrial network registration request message to the TN-CN, and the TN-CN can then forward the NTN communication module's non-terrestrial network registration request message to the NTN-CN. Conversely, when sending a terrestrial network registration completion message to the mobile communication module, the TN-CN can simultaneously send the NTN-CN's non-terrestrial network registration completion message to the mobile communication module, and the mobile communication module can then forward the non-terrestrial network registration completion message to the NTN communication module.

[0218] In this way, when the mobile communication module sends signaling to the TN-CN to register the core network of the terrestrial network, it can also carry signaling for the NTN communication module to register the core network of the non-terrestrial network, saving signaling overhead. During the process of the mobile communication module registering the terrestrial network, the NTN communication module can register the non-terrestrial network through the mobile communication module and the TN-CN, and the NTN-CN can obtain the registration information of the NTN communication module. After the UE100 discovers the radio access network equipment of the non-terrestrial network, the NTN communication module can register to the non-terrestrial network without performing cumbersome identity authentication, authorization, and security mode command procedures, saving network registration time and reducing the power consumption of the UE100 in sending and receiving satellite data.

[0219] For example, such as Figure 5 As shown, the registration method includes the following steps:

[0220] S501. The mobile communication module of UE100 obtains the registration request message from the NTN communication module of UE100.

[0221] S502. The mobile communication module sends a registration request message 62 to the TN-CN via the TN-RAN, the registration request message 62 including a non-terrestrial network registration request message 61.

[0222] Registration request message 62 is used for mobile communication modules to register with the TN. Non-terrestrial network registration request message 61 is used for NTN communication modules to register with the NTN. The registration type of this non-terrestrial network registration request message 61 is initial registration. For example, registration request message 61 can be "Registration request(NTN registration request(initialregistration))".

[0223] S503.TN-CN sends the non-terrestrial network registration request message 61 to NTN-CN.

[0224] The TN-CN can send a non-terrestrial network registration request message 61 to the NTN-CN based on the information of the SIM2-subscribed NTN, for example, the PLMN of the SIM2 NTN. Specifically, the TN-CN's AMF can send the non-terrestrial network registration request message 61 to the NTN-CN's AMF300. A detailed description of step S503 can be found in [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 3 The description of step S304 shown will not be repeated here.

[0225] S504.NTN-CN obtains the identity identifier of the NTN communication module.

[0226] S505.NTN-CN is used for SIM2 authentication of the NTN communication module.

[0227] S506.NTN-CN notifies the NTN communication module to configure security mode.

[0228] Before the NTN-CN obtains the identity of the NTN communication module, the TN-CN first performs the operations of obtaining the identity of the mobile communication module, authenticating the SIM1 bound to the mobile communication module, and notifying the mobile communication module to configure the security mode. After the TN-CN determines that the mobile communication module has completed the security mode configuration, the NTN-CN can, through the TN-CN, TN-RAN, and the mobile communication module, perform the operations of obtaining the identity of the NTN communication module, authenticating the SIM2 bound to the NTN communication module, and notifying the NTN communication module to configure the security mode.

[0229] Specifically, after receiving the non-terrestrial network registration request message 61, NTN-CN can send a non-terrestrial network identity request message 11 to TN-CN. The non-terrestrial network identity request message 11 is used by NTN-CN to obtain the identity identifier of the NTN communication module.

[0230] After receiving the registration request message 62, the TN-CN can send an identity request message 12 to the mobile communication module of the UE100 through the TN-RAN. The identity request message 12 is used by the TN-CN to obtain the identity identifier of the mobile communication module.

[0231] Subsequently, the TN-CN can receive the identity identifier from the mobile communication module via the TN-RAN. After receiving the identity identifier, the TN-CN can perform authentication of the SIM1 bound to the mobile communication module and notify the mobile communication module to configure the security mode. For details, please refer to... Figure 2 The embodiments shown are not described in detail here.

[0232] When the TN-CN determines that the mobile communication module has completed the security mode configuration, it can send a non-terrestrial network identity request message 11 to the NTN communication module through the TN-RAN and the mobile communication module. Upon receiving the non-terrestrial network identity request message 11, the NTN communication module can send its identity identifier to the NTN-CN through the TN-RAN and TN-CN. After receiving the NTN communication module's identity identifier, the NTN-CN can perform SIM2 authentication for the NTN communication module and notify the NTN communication module to perform security mode configuration. For details, please refer to... Figure 4 The descriptions of steps S305 to S307 in the illustrated embodiment will not be repeated here.

[0233] In other examples, the mobile communication module can execute the NTN communication module's authentication process for non-terrestrial networks while performing the authentication process for the terrestrial network. The mobile communication module can also execute the NTN communication module's authentication process for non-terrestrial networks while performing the authentication process for the terrestrial network. Furthermore, the mobile communication module can execute the NTN communication module's security mode configuration process for non-terrestrial networks while performing the security mode configuration process for the terrestrial network.

[0234] Specifically, during the process of obtaining the identity of the mobile communication module, the TN-CN can carry signaling for the NTN-CN to obtain the identity of the NTN communication module. In this way, the NTN-CN can obtain the identity of the NTN communication module through the TN-CN.

[0235] For example, the NTN-CN can send a non-terrestrial network identity request message 71 to the TN-CN. The non-terrestrial network identity request message 71 is used by the NTN-CN to obtain the identity identifier of the NTN communication module. The TN-CN can add the non-terrestrial network identity request message 71 to an identity request message 72, which is used by the TN-CN to obtain the identity identifier of the mobile communication module. The TN-CN can send the identity request message 72 to the mobile communication module of UE100 via the TN-RAN. The mobile communication module of UE100 can then send the non-terrestrial network identity request message 71 to the NTN communication module.

[0236] Subsequently, the NTN communication module can generate a non-terrestrial network identity response message 73 based on its own identity identifier. The NTN communication module can then send this non-terrestrial network identity response message 73 to the mobile communication module. The mobile communication module can add the non-terrestrial network identity response message 73 to an identity response message 74, which also includes the mobile communication module's identity identifier. The mobile communication module can then send the identity response message 74 to the TN-CN via the TN-RAN. The TN-CN obtains the mobile communication module's identity identifier and sends the non-terrestrial network identity response message 73 to the NTN-CN. The NTN-CN then obtains the NTN communication module's identity identifier.

[0237] The TN-CN can carry signaling for NTN-CN authentication of the NTN communication module during the authentication process of the mobile communication module. In this way, the NTN-CN can authenticate the NTN communication module through the TN-CN.

[0238] For example, the NTN-CN can send the non-terrestrial network authentication request message 75 to the TN-CN. The non-terrestrial network authentication request message 75 is used by the NTN-CN for SIM2 authentication of the NTN communication module. The TN-CN can add the non-terrestrial network authentication request message 75 to the authentication request message 76, which is used by the TN-CN for SIM1 authentication of the mobile communication module. The TN-CN can send the authentication request message 76 to the mobile communication module of UE100 via the TN-RAN. The mobile communication module of UE100 can then send the non-terrestrial network authentication request message 75 to the NTN communication module.

[0239] Subsequently, the NTN communication module can generate a non-terrestrial network authentication response message 77 based on the non-terrestrial network authentication request message 75. The NTN communication module can send the non-terrestrial network authentication response message 77 to the mobile communication module. The mobile communication module can add the non-terrestrial network authentication response message 77 to the authentication response message 78, which also includes the authentication response information of the mobile communication module. The mobile communication module can send the authentication response message 78 to the TN-CN via the TN-RAN. The TN-CN receives the authentication response from the mobile communication module and sends the non-terrestrial network authentication response message 77 to the NTN-CN. The NTN-CN receives the authentication response from the NTN communication module and, based on the NTN communication module's authentication response, determines whether SIM2 authentication is successful. Here, the NTN-CN successfully authenticates SIM2.

[0240] The TN-CN can carry signaling for configuring the NTN communication module in a secure mode during the process of configuring the mobile communication module in a secure mode. In this way, the NTN-CN can configure the NTN communication module in a secure mode through the TN-CN.

[0241] For example, the NTN-CN can send the non-terrestrial network security mode command message 79 to the TN-CN. The non-terrestrial network security mode command message 79 is used by the NTN-CN to configure the NTN communication module in security mode. The TN-CN can add the non-terrestrial network security mode command message 79 to a security mode command message 80, which is used by the TN-CN to configure the mobile communication module in security mode. The TN-CN can send the security mode command message 80 to the UE100's mobile communication module via the TN-RAN. The UE100's mobile communication module can then send the non-terrestrial network security mode command message 79 to the NTN communication module.

[0242] Subsequently, the NTN communication module can generate a non-terrestrial network security mode completion message 81 based on the non-terrestrial network security mode command message 79. The NTN communication module can send the non-terrestrial network security mode completion message 81 to the mobile communication module. The mobile communication module can add the non-terrestrial network security mode completion message 81 to a security mode completion message 82, which also indicates that the SIM's security mode setup is complete. The mobile communication module can send the security mode completion message 82 to the TN-CN via the TN-RAN. The TN-CN determines that the mobile communication module's security mode setup is complete and sends the non-terrestrial network security mode completion message 81 to the NTN-CN. The NTN-CN determines that the NTN communication module has completed the security mode setup based on the non-terrestrial network security mode completion message 81.

[0243] S507.NTN-CN sends a non-terrestrial network registration acceptance message 63 to TN-CN.

[0244] After the NTN communication module completes the security mode setting, the NTN-CN can generate a non-terrestrial network registration acceptance message 63 to notify UE100 that its NTN communication module has successfully registered with the NTN-CN. The NTN-CN then sends the non-terrestrial network registration acceptance message 63 to the TN-CN.

[0245] S508.TN-CN sends a registration acceptance message 64 to the mobile communication module of UE100 via TN-RAN. The registration acceptance message 64 includes a non-terrestrial network registration acceptance message 63.

[0246] After receiving the non-terrestrial network registration acceptance message 63 from the NTN-CN, the TN-CN adds the non-terrestrial network registration acceptance message 63 to the registration acceptance message 64. The registration acceptance message 64 is used to notify the UE100's mobile communication module that it has successfully registered with the TN-CN. The TN-CN sends the registration acceptance message 64 to the UE100's mobile communication module through the TN-RAN.

[0247] S509. The mobile communication module sends the non-terrestrial network registration and reception message 63 to the NTN communication module.

[0248] After receiving the TN-CN registration acceptance message 64, the mobile communication module can send the non-terrestrial network registration acceptance message 63 carried in the registration acceptance message 64 to the NTN communication module.

[0249] S510.UE100 detected NTN-RAN.

[0250] S511.UE100's NTN communication module sends a registration request message 65 to NTN-CN through NTN-RAN. The registration type of the registration request message 65 is mobility registration.

[0251] S512.NTN-CN sends a registration acceptance message 66 to the NTN communication module via NTN-RAN.

[0252] The descriptions of steps S510 to S512 can be found in [reference needed]. Figure 3 The illustrated embodiment will not be described in detail here. In this way, during the registration process with TN-CN, UE100 can carry the NTN communication module registration signaling within the TN-CN registration signaling, thus saving signaling overhead.

[0253] In one possible implementation, UE100 includes SIM3. UE100 can use TN communication services through SIM3 and can also use NTN roaming services. When registering with the TN network, UE100 can send the NTN capability information of SIM3 to the TN-CN. The TN-CN can then send UE100 a list of equivalent public land mobile networks (EPLMNs) for the NTN PLMN. UE100 can search for NTNs based on the EPLMN list and send a registration request message to the NTN-CN. After receiving the registration request message from UE100, the NTN-CN can obtain the registration context of UE100 from the TN-CN. Then, the NTN-CN can send a registration acceptance message to UE100. In this way, UE100 can roam and access the NTN without needing to perform a registration process with the NTN-CN under the NTN, saving UE100 core network registration time, air interface resources, and UE100 power consumption.

[0254] For example, such as Figure 6 As shown, the registration method provided in this application includes the following steps:

[0255] S601.UE100 sends a registration request message 91 to TN-CN via TN-RAN. The registration request message 91 includes the NTN capability information of UE100's SIM3.

[0256] When UE100 sends a registration request message 91 to the TN-CN, it can carry its NTN capability information, which indicates that UE100 supports access to the NTN-CN. UE100 can send this registration request message 91 to the TN-CN via its mobile communication module. Specifically, when UE100 initiates the registration process upon power-on, the registration type of the registration request message 91 is initial registration. When UE100 initiates the registration process by switching tracking areas (TA), updating its capabilities and protocol parameters, or changing network slice selection assistance information (NSSAI), the registration type of the registration request message 91 is mobility registration. When UE100 initiates the registration process after a timeout in T3512, the registration type of the registration request message 91 is periodic registration update.

[0257] S602.TN-CN determines the equivalent public land mobile network (EPLMN) list for sending non-terrestrial network public land mobile network (NTN) PLMNs to UE100.

[0258] TN-CN and NTN-CN have reached a roaming agreement, and TN-CN stores the EPLMN list of NTN-CN. After receiving the registration request message 91 sent by UE100, TN-CN determines that UE100 has the ability to communicate with NTN and determines to send the EPLMN list of NTN PLMN to UE100.

[0259] S603.TN-CN sends a registration acceptance message 92 to UE100 via TN-RAN. The registration acceptance message 92 includes an EPLMN list.

[0260] TN-CN can add the EPLMN list to the registration acceptance message 92 and send the registration acceptance message 92 to UE100 via TN-RAN. It should be noted that between steps S601 and S603, UE100 and TN-CN also perform network registration steps such as obtaining identity identifiers and authentication. For a detailed description of UE100 registering with TN-CN, please refer to [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 2 The embodiments shown are not described in detail here.

[0261] S604.UE100 searches for NTN-RAN based on EPLMN.

[0262] UE100 can search for NTN-RAN based on EPLMN. UE100 can also establish RRC connections with NTN-RAN; for details, please refer to [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 2 and Figure 3 The illustrated embodiment will not be described in detail here. It should be noted that, in order for UE100 to receive high-quality NTN signals, UE100 may perform a satellite pairing operation before executing step S605.

[0263] S605.UE100 sends a registration request message 93 to NTN-CN via NTN-RAN. The registration type of the registration request message 93 is mobility registration.

[0264] UE100 can send a registration request message 93, with a registration type of mobility registration, to NTN-CN via NTN-RAN. Registration request message 93 includes the identifier of UE100, prompting NTN-CN to obtain the registration context of UE100 from TN-CN. The identifier of UE100 can be a SIM3 identifier, such as the SUCI of SIM3. For example, registration request message 93 can be a registration request (mobility registration update). Both the mobile communication module and the NTN communication module of UE100 are bound to SIM3. UE100 can send registration request message 93 to NTN-RAN via the NTN communication module, and NTN-RAN can forward registration request message 93 to NTN-CN.

[0265] S606.NTN-CN obtains the registration context of UE100 from TN-CN.

[0266] Upon receiving registration request message 93, the NTN-CN can obtain the registration context of UE100 from the TN-CN. The registration context of UE100 can be used by the NTN-CN to transmit service data with UE100.

[0267] The registration context of UE100 may include, but is not limited to, UE100's air interface capability information, UE100's paging capability information, UE100's aggregate maximum bit rate (AMBR), UE100's authentication information, and UE100's security mode configuration, etc. The NTN-CN can determine UE100's uplink and downlink rates based on its air interface capability information and allocate appropriate air interface resources to UE100. The NTN-CN can determine the services that UE100 can initiate and the maximum rate for transmitting service data based on UE100's AMBR. The NTN-CN can also ensure the integrity and security of data transmitted with UE100 based on UE100's security mode configuration information. Thus, UE100 does not need to perform authentication and security mode configuration steps during the NTN-CN registration process, reducing registration time.

[0268] S607.NTN-CN sends a registration acceptance message 94 to UE100 via NTN-RAN.

[0269] After obtaining the registration context of UE100, NTN-CN can send a registration acceptance message 94 to UE100 through NTN-RAN to indicate that UE100 has successfully registered with NTN-CN.

[0270] In this way, UE100 can access NTN-CN through roaming without having to perform a registration process under NTN, thus saving air interface resources, device power consumption, and the time spent on the registration process.

[0271] In one possible implementation, UE100 accesses a registration server located on the Internet via WLAN. UE100 can then transmit signaling with NTN-CN through the registration server for UE100 to register with NTN-CN, thus enabling UE100 to register with NTN-CN. After discovering NTN-RAN, UE100 can access NTN-CN. For details, please refer to... Figure 3 or Figure 5 The illustrated embodiment will not be described in detail here. Thus, since the NTN-CN stores the registration context of UE100, UE100 does not need to perform the NTN registration operation again to access the NTN-CN.

[0272] In one possible implementation, UE100 includes a mobile communication module that is bound to SIM4 and SIM5. After successfully registering with the TN-CN corresponding to SIM4, UE100 can then perform the registration process for the TN-CN corresponding to SIM5 through the TN-CN corresponding to SIM4. For details, please refer to... Figure 3 The illustrated embodiment will not be described in detail here. Alternatively, UE100 can perform the process of registering the TN-CN corresponding to SIM5 during the registration process to the TN-CN corresponding to SIM4. For details, please refer to [link to documentation]. Figure 5 The illustrated embodiment will not be described in detail here. In this way, when UE100 accesses the TN-CN corresponding to SIM5, it can avoid performing some steps in the registration process, saving registration time.

[0273] In one possible implementation, UE100 includes SIM6. UE100 can use the communication services of TN1 through SIM6 and can also use the roaming services of TN2. When registering with the TN1 network, UE100 can send the TN2 capability information of SIM6 to the CN of TN1. The CN of TN1 can then send the EPLMN list of TN2 to UE100. UE100 can search for TN2 based on the EPLMN list and send a registration request message to the CN of TN2. After receiving the registration request message from UE100, the CN of TN2 can obtain the registration context of UE100 from the CN of TN1. Then, the CN of TN2 can send a registration acceptance message to UE100. In this way, UE100 can roam and access TN2 without having to perform a registration process with the CN of TN2 under TN2, saving UE100 the time required to register with TN2.

[0274] The electronic device provided in the embodiments of this application is described below.

[0275] UE100 can be a mobile phone, tablet computer, desktop computer, laptop computer, handheld computer, notebook computer, ultra-mobile personal computer (UMPC), netbook, as well as cellular phone, personal digital assistant (PDA), augmented reality (AR) device, virtual reality (VR) device, artificial intelligence (AI) device, wearable device, in-vehicle device, smart home device and / or smart city device. The specific type of electronic device is not particularly limited in the embodiments of this application.

[0276] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the UE100 structure is shown.

[0277] The UE100 may include a processor 110, an external memory interface 120, an internal memory 121, a universal serial bus (USB) interface 130, a charging management module 140, a power management module 141, a battery 142, an antenna 1, an antenna 2, a mobile communication module 150, a wireless communication module 160, an audio module 170, a speaker 170A, a receiver 170B, a microphone 170C, a headphone jack 170D, a sensor module 180, buttons 190, a motor 191, an indicator 192, a camera 193, a display screen 194, and a subscriber identification module (SIM) card interface 195, etc. The sensor module 180 may include a pressure sensor 180A, a gyroscope sensor 180B, a barometric pressure sensor 180C, a magnetic sensor 180D, an accelerometer sensor 180E, a distance sensor 180F, a proximity sensor 180G, a fingerprint sensor 180H, a temperature sensor 180J, a touch sensor 180K, an ambient light sensor 180L, a bone conduction sensor 180M, etc.

[0278] It is understood that the structures illustrated in the embodiments of the present invention do not constitute a specific limitation on UE100. In other embodiments of this application, UE100 may include more or fewer components than illustrated, or combine some components, or split some components, or have different component arrangements. The illustrated components may be implemented in hardware, software, or a combination of software and hardware.

[0279] Processor 110 may include one or more processing units, such as application processors (APs), modem processors, graphics processing units (GPUs), image signal processors (ISPs), controllers, video codecs, digital signal processors (DSPs), baseband processors, and / or neural network processing units (NPUs). These different processing units may be independent devices or integrated into one or more processors.

[0280] The controller can serve as the nerve center and command center of the UE100. It can generate operation control signals based on instruction opcodes and timing signals to control instruction fetching and execution.

[0281] The processor 110 may also include a memory for storing instructions and data. In some embodiments, the memory in the processor 110 is a cache memory. This memory can store instructions or data that the processor 110 has just used or that are used repeatedly. If the processor 110 needs to use the instruction or data again, it can retrieve it directly from this memory. This avoids repeated accesses, reduces the waiting time of the processor 110, and thus improves the efficiency of the system.

[0282] In some embodiments, the processor 110 may include one or more interfaces. Interfaces may include an inter-integrated circuit (I2C) interface, an inter-integrated circuit sound (I2S) interface, a pulse code modulation (PCM) interface, a universal asynchronous receiver / transmitter (UART) interface, a mobile industry processor interface (MIPI), a general-purpose input / output (GPIO) interface, a subscriber identity module (SIM) interface, and / or a universal serial bus (USB) interface, etc.

[0283] It is understood that the interface connection relationships between the modules illustrated in the embodiments of the present invention are merely illustrative and do not constitute a structural limitation on UE100. In other embodiments of this application, UE100 may also adopt different interface connection methods or combinations of multiple interface connection methods as described in the above embodiments.

[0284] The charging management module 140 receives charging input from a charger. The charger can be a wireless charger or a wired charger. In some wired charging embodiments, the charging management module 140 receives charging input from the wired charger via the USB interface 130. In some wireless charging embodiments, the charging management module 140 receives wireless charging input via the wireless charging coil of the UE 100. While charging the battery 142, the charging management module 140 can also supply power to the electronic device via the power management module 141.

[0285] The power management module 141 connects the battery 142, the charging management module 140, and the processor 110. The power management module 141 receives input from the battery 142 and / or the charging management module 140, providing power to the processor 110, internal memory 121, display screen 194, camera 193, and wireless communication module 160, etc. The power management module 141 can also monitor parameters such as battery capacity, battery cycle count, and battery health status (leakage current, impedance). In some other embodiments, the power management module 141 may also be located within the processor 110. In other embodiments, the power management module 141 and the charging management module 140 may be located in the same device.

[0286] The wireless communication function of UE100 can be implemented through antenna 1, antenna 2, mobile communication module 150, wireless communication module 160, modem processor and baseband processor.

[0287] Antennas 1 and 2 are used to transmit and receive electromagnetic wave signals. Each antenna in UE100 can be used to cover one or more communication frequency bands. Different antennas can also be multiplexed to improve antenna utilization. For example, antenna 1 can be multiplexed as a diversity antenna for a wireless local area network. In some other embodiments, the antennas can be used in conjunction with tuning switches.

[0288] The mobile communication module 150 can provide solutions for wireless communication applications including 2G / 3G / 4G / 5G on the UE 100. The mobile communication module 150 may include at least one filter, switch, power amplifier, low-noise amplifier (LNA), etc. The mobile communication module 150 can receive electromagnetic waves via antenna 1, and perform filtering, amplification, and other processing on the received electromagnetic waves before transmitting them to a modem processor for demodulation. The mobile communication module 150 can also amplify the signal modulated by the modem processor and convert it into electromagnetic waves for radiation via antenna 1. In some embodiments, at least some functional modules of the mobile communication module 150 may be housed in the processor 110. In some embodiments, at least some functional modules of the mobile communication module 150 and at least some modules of the processor 110 may be housed in the same device.

[0289] The modem processor may include a modulator and a demodulator. The modulator modulates the low-frequency baseband signal to be transmitted into a mid-to-high frequency signal. The demodulator demodulates the received electromagnetic wave signal into a low-frequency baseband signal. The demodulator then transmits the demodulated low-frequency baseband signal to the baseband processor for processing. After processing by the baseband processor, the low-frequency baseband signal is transmitted to the application processor. The application processor outputs sound signals through an audio device (not limited to speaker 170A, receiver 170B, etc.) or displays images or videos through the display screen 194. In some embodiments, the modem processor may be a separate device. In other embodiments, the modem processor may be independent of the processor 110 and may be housed in the same device as the mobile communication module 150 or other functional modules.

[0290] The wireless communication module 160 can provide wireless communication solutions for use on the UE100, including wireless local area networks (WLANs) (such as wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) networks), Bluetooth (BT), global navigation satellite system (GNSS), frequency modulation (FM), near field communication (NFC), infrared (IR), and non-terrestrial network communication modules. The wireless communication module 160 can be one or more devices integrating at least one communication processing module. The wireless communication module 160 receives electromagnetic waves via antenna 2, performs frequency modulation and filtering of the electromagnetic wave signals, and sends the processed signal to processor 110. The wireless communication module 160 can also receive signals to be transmitted from processor 110, perform frequency modulation and amplification, and convert them into electromagnetic waves for radiation via antenna 2.

[0291] The non-terrestrial network communication module (NTN communication module) can be used to process signals sent by UE100 to the NTN. The NTN communication module can also be used to process signals from the NTN. In this embodiment, the NTN communication module can send messages to the NTN-RAN. The NTN communication module can also receive messages from the NTN-RAN.

[0292] In some embodiments, antenna 1 of UE100 is coupled to mobile communication module 150, and antenna 2 is coupled to wireless communication module 160, enabling UE100 to communicate with networks and other devices via wireless communication technology. This wireless communication technology may include Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA), Time-Division Code Division Multiple Access (TD-SCDMA), Long Term Evolution (LTE), BT, GNSS, WLAN, NFC, FM, and / or IR technologies, etc. The GNSS may include the Global Positioning System (GPS), the Global Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS), the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS), the Quasi-Zenith Satellite System (QZSS), and / or satellite-based augmentation systems (SBAS).

[0293] The UE100 implements display functions through a GPU, a display screen 194, and an application processor. The GPU is a microprocessor for image processing, connected to the display screen 194 and the application processor. The GPU is used to perform mathematical and geometric calculations for graphics rendering. The processor 110 may include one or more GPUs, which execute program instructions to generate or modify display information.

[0294] Display screen 194 is used to display images, videos, etc. Display screen 194 includes a display panel. The display panel may be a liquid crystal display (LCD), an organic light-emitting diode (OLED), an active-matrix organic light-emitting diode (AMOLED), a flexible light-emitting diode (FLED), a miniature LED, a microLED, a quantum dot light-emitting diode (QLED), etc. In some embodiments, UE100 may include one or N displays 194, where N is a positive integer greater than 1.

[0295] The UE100 can achieve shooting functions through the ISP, camera 193, video codec, GPU, display 194 and application processor.

[0296] The ISP (Image Signal Processor) is used to process data fed back from the camera 193. For example, when taking a picture, the shutter is opened, and light is transmitted through the lens to the camera's photosensitive element. The light signal is converted into an electrical signal, and the camera's photosensitive element transmits this electrical signal to the ISP for processing, transforming it into an image visible to the naked eye. The ISP can also perform algorithmic optimization on image noise and brightness. The ISP can also optimize parameters such as exposure and color temperature of the shooting scene. In some embodiments, the ISP can be set in the camera 193.

[0297] Camera 193 is used to capture still images or videos. An object is projected onto a photosensitive element by generating an optical image through the lens. The photosensitive element can be a charge-coupled device (CCD) or a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) phototransistor. The photosensitive element converts the light signal into an electrical signal, which is then passed to an ISP for conversion into a digital image signal. The ISP outputs the digital image signal to a DSP for processing. The DSP converts the digital image signal into image signals in standard RGB, YUV, or other formats. In some embodiments, UE100 may include one or N cameras 193, where N is a positive integer greater than 1.

[0298] Digital signal processors (DSPs) are used to process digital signals, including digital image signals and other digital signals. For example, when the UE100 is selecting a frequency point, the DSP is used to perform Fourier transforms on the frequency energy.

[0299] Video codecs are used to compress or decompress digital video. The UE100 can support one or more video codecs. Thus, the UE100 can play or record video in various encoding formats, such as Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG) 1, MPEG2, MPEG3, MPEG4, etc.

[0300] NPU stands for Neural Network (NN) Computing Processor. By borrowing the structure of biological neural networks, such as the transmission patterns between neurons in the human brain, it can rapidly process input information and continuously learn on its own. NPU enables intelligent cognitive applications in the UE100, such as image recognition, facial recognition, speech recognition, and text understanding.

[0301] The external memory interface 120 can be used to connect to external non-volatile memory, thereby expanding the storage capacity of UE100. The external non-volatile memory communicates with the processor 110 through the external memory interface 120 to perform data storage functions. For example, music, video, and other files can be stored in the external non-volatile memory.

[0302] Internal memory 121 can be used to store computer executable program code, which includes instructions. Processor 110 executes various functional applications and data processing of UE 100 by running the instructions stored in internal memory 121. Internal memory 121 may include a program storage area and a data storage area. The program storage area may store the operating system, at least one application program required for a function (such as sound playback, image playback, etc.), etc. The data storage area may store data created during the use of UE 100 (such as audio data, phonebook, etc.). Furthermore, internal memory 121 may include high-speed random access memory and may also include non-volatile memory, such as at least one disk storage device, flash memory device, universal flash storage (UFS), etc.

[0303] The UE100 can implement audio functions, such as music playback and recording, through the audio module 170, speaker 170A, receiver 170B, microphone 170C, headphone jack 170D, and application processor.

[0304] Audio module 170 is used to convert digital audio information into analog audio signal output, and also to convert analog audio input into digital audio signal. Speaker 170A, also called a "loudspeaker," is used to convert audio electrical signals into sound signals. Receiver 170B, also called a "handpiece," is used to convert audio electrical signals into sound signals. Microphone 170C, also called a "microphone" or "microphone unit," is used to convert sound signals into electrical signals.

[0305] A pressure sensor 180A is used to sense pressure signals and convert them into electrical signals. In some embodiments, the pressure sensor 180A can be located on the display screen 194. A gyroscope sensor 180B can be used to determine the motion posture of the UE100. A barometric pressure sensor 180C is used to measure barometric pressure. A magnetic sensor 180D includes a Hall effect sensor and can be used to detect the opening and closing of the flip cover. An accelerometer 180E can detect the magnitude of the acceleration of the UE100 in various directions (generally three axes). A proximity sensor 180F is used to measure distance. A proximity sensor 180G can also be used for automatic unlocking and locking in flip cover and pocket modes. An ambient light sensor 180L is used to sense ambient light intensity. A fingerprint sensor 180H is used to collect fingerprints. A temperature sensor 180J is used to detect temperature. A touch sensor 180K, also known as a "touch panel," can be located on the display screen 194. The touch sensor 180K and the display screen 194 together form a touchscreen, also known as a "touch screen." Touch sensor 180K is used to detect touch operations applied to or near it. The touch sensor can transmit the detected touch operation to the application processor to determine the type of touch event. Visual output related to the touch operation can be provided via display screen 194. In some embodiments, touch sensor 180K may also be located on the surface of UE 100, in a different position than display screen 194. Bone conduction sensor 180M can acquire vibration signals. Buttons 190 include a power button, volume buttons, etc. Motor 191 can generate vibration cues. Indicator 192 may be an indicator light, used to indicate charging status, battery level changes, or messages, missed calls, notifications, etc.

[0306] The SIM card interface 195 is used to connect SIM cards, such as SIM1, SIM2, and SIM3. The SIM card can be inserted into or removed from the SIM card interface 195 to establish contact with and disconnect from the UE100. The UE100 can support one or N SIM card interfaces, where N is a positive integer greater than 1. The SIM card interface 195 can support Nano SIM cards, Micro SIM cards, and other SIM cards. Multiple cards can be inserted into the same SIM card interface 195 simultaneously. These multiple cards can be of the same or different types. The SIM card interface 195 is also compatible with different types of SIM cards. The SIM card interface 195 is also compatible with external memory cards. The UE100 interacts with the network through the SIM card to achieve functions such as voice calls and data communication. In some embodiments, the UE100 uses an eSIM, i.e., an embedded SIM card. The eSIM card can be embedded in the UE100 and cannot be separated from the UE100.

[0307] The above-described embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and are not intended to limit it. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application.

Claims

1. A registration method, characterized in that, The method is applied to a communication system, which includes a user equipment (UE), a non-terrestrial network core network (NTN-CN) device, a non-terrestrial network radio access network (NTN-RAN) device, and a terrestrial network core network (TN-CN) device; the method includes: The UE sends a first registration request message to the TN-CN device, and the first registration request message is used for the UE to register with the NTN-CN device; The TN-CN device sends the first registration request message to the NTN-CN device; The NTN-CN device sends a first registration acceptance message to the TN-CN device, the first registration acceptance message being used to notify the UE that registration with the NTN-CN device has been successful; The TN-CN device sends the first registration acceptance message to the UE; When the UE discovers an NTN-RAN device, it sends a second registration request message to the NTN-CN device. The second registration request message is used for the UE to register with the NTN-CN device. The NTN-CN device sends a second registration acceptance message to the UE; The UE receives the second registration acceptance message and registers with the NTN-CN device.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The communication system also includes a non-terrestrial radio access network (NTN-RAN) device; the step of sending a second registration request message to the NTN-CN device specifically includes: The UE sends the second registration request message to the NTN-CN device through the NTN-RAN device; The NTN-CN device sends a second registration acceptance message to the UE, specifically including: The NTN-CN sends the second registration acceptance message to the UE through the NTN-RAN device.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method further includes: After receiving the first registration request message, the NTN-CN device obtains the UE's first SIM card identifier through the TN-CN device; After receiving the first SIM card identifier, the NTN-CN device authenticates the first SIM card through the TN-CN device; After successfully authenticating the first SIM card, the NTN-CN device notifies the UE to configure the security mode for the first SIM card through the TN-CN device. The NTN-CN device sends the first registration acceptance message to the TN-CN device, specifically including: After the UE completes the security mode configuration for the first SIM card, the NTN-CN device sends the first registration acceptance message to the TN-CN device.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, After receiving the first registration request message, the NTN-CN device obtains the UE's first SIM card identifier through the TN-CN device, specifically including: After receiving the first registration request message, the NTN-CN device sends a first N1 non-terrestrial network container N1NTNContainer to the TN-CN device. The first N1NTNContainer includes a first identity request message, which is used to obtain the first SIM card identifier. The TN-CN device sends a first non-access stratum NAS message to the UE, the first NAS message including the first N1NTNContainer; After receiving the first N1NTNContainer, the UE sends a second NAS message to the TN-CN device. The second NAS message includes a second N1TNTContainer, which includes a first identity response message, and the first identity response message includes the first SIM card identifier. The TN-CN device sends the second N1TNTContainer to the NTN-CN device.

5. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, After receiving the first SIM card identifier, the NTN-CN device authenticates the first SIM card through the TN-CN device, specifically including: After receiving the first SIM card identifier, the NTN-CN device sends a third N1 non-terrestrial network container N1NTNContainer to the TN-CN device. The third N1NTNContainer includes a first authentication request message, which is used to authenticate the first SIM card. The TN-CN device sends a third NAS message to the UE, the third NAS message including the third N1NTNContainer; After receiving the third N1NTNContainer, the UE sends a fourth NAS message to the TN-CN device. The fourth NAS message includes a fourth N1TNTContainer, and the fourth N1TNTContainer includes a first authentication response message, which includes the UE's authentication response. The TN-CN device sends the fourth N1TNTContainer to the NTN-CN device.

6. The method according to any one of claims 3-5, characterized in that, After successfully authenticating the first SIM card, the NTN-CN device notifies the UE to configure the security mode, specifically including: After successfully authenticating the first SIM card, the NTN-CN device sends a fifth N1 non-terrestrial network container N1NTNContainer to the TN-CN device. The fifth N1NTNContainer includes a first security mode command message, which is used to notify the UE to configure the security mode. The TN-CN device sends a fifth NAS message to the UE, the fifth NAS message including the fifth N1NTNContainer; After receiving the fifth N1NTNContainer, the UE sends a sixth NAS message to the TN-CN device. The sixth NAS message includes a sixth N1TNTContainer, which includes a first security mode completion message. The first security mode completion message is used to notify the UE to complete the security mode configuration. The TN-CN device sends the sixth N1TNTContainer to the NTN-CN device.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The UE sends the first registration request message to the TN-CN device, specifically including: The UE sends a seventh NAS message to the TN-CN device. The seventh NAS message includes a seventh N1TNTContainer, and the seventh N1TNTContainer includes the first registration request message.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The TN-CN device sends the first registration request message to the NTN-CN device, specifically including: The TN-CN device sends the seventh N1TNTContainer to the NTN-CN device.

9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The UE includes a mobile communication module; the UE sends a first registration request message to the TN-CN device, specifically including: The UE registers with the TN-CN device through the mobile communication module; The UE sends the first registration request message to the TN-CN device through the mobile communication module.

10. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The UE sends the first registration request message to the TN-CN device, specifically including: The UE sends a third registration request message to the TN-CN device. The third registration request message includes the first registration request message and is used for the UE to register with the TN-CN device.

11. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that, Before obtaining the first SIM card identifier of the UE through the TN-CN device, the method further includes: After receiving the third registration request message, the TN-CN device obtains the second SIM card identifier of the UE; After receiving the second SIM card identifier, the TN-CN device authenticates the second SIM card. After successfully authenticating the second SIM card, the TN-CN device notifies the UE to configure the security mode for the second SIM card. The step of obtaining the UE's first SIM card identifier through the TN-CN device specifically includes: After the UE completes the security mode configuration of the second SIM card, the TN-CN device obtains the first SIM card identifier of the UE; The TN-CN device sends the first SIM card identifier to the NTN-CN device.

12. The method according to any one of claims 1-3, 10, 11, characterized in that, The TN-CN device sends the first registration acceptance message to the UE, specifically including: The TN-CN device sends a third registration acceptance message to the UE. The third registration acceptance message includes the first registration acceptance message and is used to notify the UE to register with the TN-CN device.

13. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The registration type of the first registration request message is initial registration, and the registration type of the second registration request message is mobility registration.

14. A registration method applied to a user equipment (UE), characterized in that, The method includes: The UE sends a first registration request message to the core network TN-CN device of the terrestrial network. The first registration request message is used for the UE to register with the core network NTN-CN device of the non-terrestrial network. The UE receives a first registration acceptance message sent by the TN-CN device, the first registration acceptance message being used to notify the UE that registration with the NTN-CN device has been successful; The UE searches for a non-terrestrial radio access network (NTN-RAN) device and sends a second registration request message to the NTN-CN device. The second registration request message is used for the UE to register with the NTN-CN device. The UE receives the second registration acceptance message and registers with the NTN-CN device.

15. The method according to claim 14, characterized in that, Sending the second registration request message to the NTN-CN device specifically includes: The UE sends the second registration request message to the NTN-CN device through the NTN-RAN device; The UE receiving the second registration acceptance message specifically includes: The UE receives the second registration acceptance message sent by the NTN-CN through the NTN-RAN device.

16. The method according to claim 14, characterized in that, The UE includes a mobile communication module and a non-terrestrial network (NTN) communication module; the UE sends a first registration request message to the TN-CN device, specifically including: The UE sends the first registration request message to the TN-CN device through the mobile communication module; The UE receiving the first registration acceptance message sent by the TN-CN device specifically includes: The UE receives the first registration acceptance message sent by the TN-CN device through the mobile communication module; Send a second registration request message to the NTN-CN device, specifically including: The UE sends the second registration request message to the NTN-CN device through the NTN communication module; The UE receiving the second registration acceptance message specifically includes: The UE receives the second registration acceptance message through the NTN communication module.

17. The method according to any one of claims 14-16, characterized in that, The UE includes an NTN communication module, which is bound to a first SIM card; Before the UE receives the first registration acceptance message sent by the TN-CN device, the method further includes: The UE receives a first identity request message sent by the TN-CN device, the first identity request message being used to obtain the first SIM card identifier; The UE sends a first identity response message to the TN-CN device, the first identity response message including the first SIM card identifier; The UE receives a first authentication request message sent by the TN-CN device, the first authentication request message being used to authenticate the first SIM card; The first authentication response message sent by the UE to the TN-CN device includes the authentication response of the UE. The UE receives a first security mode command message sent by the TN-CN device, and the first security mode command message notifies the UE to configure the first SIM card in a security mode. The UE sends a first security mode completion message to the TN-CN device. The first security mode completion message is used to notify the NTN-CN device that the UE has completed the security mode configuration of the first SIM card.

18. The method according to any one of claims 14-16, characterized in that, The UE sends the first registration request message to the TN-CN device, specifically including: The UE sends a first NAS message to the TN-CN device. The first NAS message includes a first N1 non-terrestrial network container N1TNTContainer, and the first N1TNTContainer includes the first registration request message.

19. The method according to any one of claims 14-16, characterized in that, The UE receiving the first registration acceptance message sent by the TN-CN device specifically includes: The UE receives a second NAS message sent by the TN-CN device. The second NAS message includes a second N1TNTContainer, and the second N1TNTContainer includes the first registration acceptance message.

20. The method according to any one of claims 14-16, characterized in that, Before the UE sends the first registration request message to the TN-CN device, the method further includes: The UE registers with the TN-CN device.

21. The method according to any one of claims 14-16, characterized in that, The UE sends the first registration request message to the TN-CN device, specifically including: The UE sends a third registration request message to the TN-CN device. The third registration request message includes the first registration request message and is used for the UE to register with the TN-CN device.

22. The method according to any one of claims 14-16, characterized in that, The UE receiving the first registration acceptance message sent by the TN-CN device specifically includes: The UE receives a third registration acceptance message sent by the TN-CN device. The third registration acceptance message includes the first registration acceptance message and is used to notify the UE to register with the TN-CN device.

23. The method according to any one of claims 14-16, characterized in that, The registration type of the first registration request message is initial registration, and the registration type of the second registration request message is mobility registration.

24. A registration method, characterized in that, Applied to a communication system, the communication system includes user equipment (UE), non-terrestrial network core network NTN-CN equipment, non-terrestrial network radio access network NTN-RAN equipment, and terrestrial network core network TN-CN equipment; including: The UE sends a first registration request message to the TN-CN device. The first registration request message includes capability information indicating that the UE supports NTN communication. The first registration request message is used for the UE to register with the TN-CN device. The TN-CN device sends a first registration acceptance message to the UE. The first registration acceptance message includes the equivalent public land mobile network (EPLMN) of the NTN. The first registration acceptance message is used to notify the UE that the registration with the TN-CN device has been approved. The UE searches for the NTN-RAN device based on the EPLMN; The UE sends a second registration request message to the NTN-CN device, the second registration request message being used for the UE to register with the NTN-CN device; The NTN-CN device obtains the UE's registration context from the TN-CN device. The UE's registration context includes the UE's authentication information, the UE's security mode configuration, the UE's air interface capability information, the UE's paging capability information, and the UE's Aggregated Maximum Bit Rate (AMBR). The NTN-CN device sends a second registration acceptance message to the UE; The UE receives the second registration acceptance message and registers with the NTN-CN device.

25. A user equipment, characterized in that, include: The system includes multiple processors and one or more memories, wherein the multiple processors include a mobile communication module and an NTN communication module; The one or more memories are coupled to a plurality of processors, the one or more memories being used to store a computer-executable program, which, when executed by the one or more processors, causes the user equipment to perform the method as described in any one of claims 14-23.

26. A computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, characterized in that, When the computer program is run on the processor of a computer, it causes the method as described in any one of claims 14-23 to be performed.

27. A chip used in user equipment, characterized in that, It includes multiple modules, including a mobile communication module and an NTN communication module, which are used to perform the method as described in any one of claims 14-23.

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