A cultivation method for intercropping macadamia nuts and king oyster mushrooms.

Abstract

This invention provides a cultivation method for intercropping macadamia nuts and king oyster mushrooms, which relates to the field of planting technology. Specifically, the cultivation method includes the following steps: (1) selection of forest land, (2) pretreatment, (3) sowing and (4) post-sowing management. The method of this invention is easy to operate and implement. By adopting the intercropping technology of macadamia nuts and king oyster mushrooms, the economic benefits of forest farmers can be improved, and it is suitable for promotion.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] This invention relates to the field of planting technology, specifically to a cultivation method for intercropping macadamia nuts and king oyster mushrooms. [Background Technology]

[0002] *Stropharia rugosoannulata*, belonging to the subphylum Basidiomycota, class Agaricomycetes, order Agaricales, family Strophariaceae, and genus *Stropharia*, is also known as wrinkled king oyster mushroom, wine-red king oyster mushroom, and Fei's king oyster mushroom, among other names. Common commercial names include red pine mushroom and red matsutake mushroom. It is a typical saprophytic fungus. *Stropharia rugosoannulata* has a bright color, thick stem, and plump cap, with a crisp and tender texture, earning it the reputation of "vegetarian meat." The fruiting body is rich in nutrients such as crude fiber, amino acids, polysaccharides, and protein, and possesses anti-tumor, antioxidant, blood sugar-lowering, and coronary heart disease-improving effects. Cultivation techniques for *Stropharia rugosoannulata* are simple and extensive, and the raw materials are abundant, making full use of forest clearings for intercropping.

[0003] Macadamia spp., also known as macadamia nut, Australian walnut, Queensland nut, etc., belongs to the genus Macadamia in the family Proteaceae. It is a perennial evergreen fruit tree native to the subtropical rainforest regions of southeastern Queensland and northeastern New South Wales, Australia (5°–32°S latitude). It is a domesticated oilseed tree species cultivated worldwide and is considered one of the highest-grade nuts in the world, earning it the title of "King of Nuts".

[0004] Currently, people generally use sawdust, rice straw, wheat straw, bagasse, and cottonseed hulls as raw materials to cultivate king oyster mushrooms. There are no research reports on techniques for cultivating edible fungi using macadamia nut shells. Macadamia nut shells refer to the green outer skin of the macadamia nut. The macadamia nut fruit can be divided into three parts: the green shell, the shell, and the kernel. The kernel is edible. The green shell accounts for 45%–60% of the fresh fruit weight, and both the green shell and the shell are byproducts of macadamia nut processing.

[0005] Macadamia nut husks contain a variety of active ingredients such as protein, soluble sugars, tannins, and phenols. However, macadamia nut husks are rarely used in fertilizers at present, and most of them are discarded, which not only wastes resources but also pollutes the surrounding environment. There is an urgent need for effective development and utilization. [Summary of the Invention]

[0006] In view of this, the purpose of this invention is to provide a cultivation method for intercropping macadamia nuts and king oyster mushrooms, thereby improving the economic benefits for forest farmers.

[0007] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0008] A cultivation method for intercropping macadamia nuts and king oyster mushrooms includes the following steps:

[0009] (1) Selection of forest land: Select macadamia forests with trees aged 3-4 years and a canopy closure of 0.5-0.8;

[0010] (2) Pretreatment: Clear the weeds and stones in the forest, level the land, then spread the bactericidal composition in the soil, and make beds with a width of 80-100cm, a height of 15-20cm, and a spacing of 45-60cm between beds;

[0011] (3) Sowing: Spread the culture medium on the ridge to a thickness of 15-20cm. Water thoroughly one day before sowing to ensure that the moisture content of the culture medium is 60-65%. Sow by spot sowing. Break the large-cap mushroom spawn into pieces and spread them on the ridge, placing 3-4 pieces per row with a spacing of 4-6cm.

[0012] (4) Post-sowing management: Spray water in a timely manner during the cultivation of giant king mushrooms, control the moisture content of the culture medium to 60-65%, pay attention to the prevention and control of pests, and harvest in a timely manner after maturity.

[0013] In this invention, the sterilization composition in step (2) is obtained by mixing crushed macadamia nut shells, ginger and cassia seeds in a mass ratio of 3-4:1:2-3, then adding 0.05-0.1 times the mass of EM bacteria to the mixture, allowing it to ferment naturally for 10-12 hours, then crushing the fermented material to pass through a 60-80 mesh sieve, adding microbial fertilizer, and continuing to ferment naturally for another 2-3 hours.

[0014] In this invention, the culture medium in step (3) is further prepared by mixing and crushing 20-30 parts by weight of macadamia nut shells, 22-32 parts by weight of hardwood chips, 22-32 parts by weight of sugarcane bagasse and 3-5 parts by weight of rice bran, adding 1-2 parts by weight of lime, and fermenting at a temperature of 55-65°C. In the early stage of fermentation, the pile is turned over once every 1-2 days, for a total of 2-3 times. The culture medium can be obtained after 10-15 days of fermentation.

[0015] In this invention, further, after the inoculum is sown in step (3), the culture medium is covered with a thickness of 5-7cm, then covered with 3-5cm of soil, and then covered with 2-3cm of straw, and the layers are compacted to make the surface of the material resemble a turtle's back, and then water is sprayed immediately.

[0016] Furthermore, in this invention, the post-sowing management also includes turning the mushroom residue into the soil on-site after harvesting the giant king mushroom to improve soil fertility.

[0017] In this invention, the microbial fertilizer is further prepared by weighing organic fertilizer, adjusting the C / N ratio of the organic fertilizer to 25-30:1 with glutinous rice flour, and adjusting the Ca content in the organic fertilizer. 2+ The content is 5-7%; then Trichoderma harzianum is inoculated into the adjusted organic fertilizer at an inoculation amount of 15-20%, and fermented at 28℃ for 14 days to obtain the microbial fertilizer.

[0018] The organic fertilizer composition is as follows: organic matter 40.1%, organic carbon 22.9%, moisture 21.21%, N 1.4%, P2O5 1.32%, KCl 1.35%, S 0.27%, Ca 2.32%, Fe 14.76%, Cu 6.38×10⁻⁶. -3 % (Zn 0.05%), 0.01% (Mg 0.01%), C / N 16.35, pH 7.0. After preparing a spore suspension of *Trichoderma harzianum*, inoculation was performed by inoculating the *Trichoderma harzianum* strain onto a PSA plate and incubating at 28°C for 7 days. Sterile water was then added, and the spores were scraped off and collected to obtain a concentration of 1.28 × 10⁻⁶. 8 CFU / mL Trichoderma harzianum spore suspension.

[0019] In this invention, the culture medium is further composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25 parts macadamia nut shells, 28 parts hardwood chips, 28 parts sugarcane bagasse, and 4 parts rice bran.

[0020] In summary, due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0021] 1. This invention proposes a cultivation method for intercropping macadamia nuts and king oyster mushrooms. It is the first time a model of intercropping king oyster mushrooms under macadamia nut forests has been proposed, eliminating land costs and indirectly increasing economic benefits. Macadamia nut forests have a certain degree of canopy closure, providing a good growth environment for king oyster mushrooms. Firstly, the semi-wild cultivation technique under the forest can fully utilize the cool, humid microenvironment, thus efficiently utilizing the understory space, resulting in high yields and good quality of cultivated fungi. Secondly, planting king oyster mushrooms and other fungi can digest some of the green husks and shells of macadamia nuts, making full use of macadamia nut processing waste, which improves the ecological environment to a certain extent. Furthermore, after decomposition, the residue from the harvested fungal residue can effectively promote the growth of macadamia nut trees, improving the economic benefits for forest farmers.

[0022] 2. This invention transforms processing waste such as macadamia nut shells into valuable resources through recycling, extending the macadamia nut planting and processing industrial chain while simultaneously expanding the planting chain of the edible fungi industry, thus increasing economic benefits. Macadamia nuts can be processed by local enterprises, resulting in shorter transportation distances from processing enterprises to plantations, lower raw material costs, and reduced production costs. For example, sawdust is saved at 200 yuan per ton, translating to a cost reduction of 0.20-0.25 yuan per bag compared to conventional formulas. Furthermore, macadamia nut shells are rich in nutrients, and the soft, breathable texture of crushed green shells promotes the growth of edible fungi mycelium. The hard shells of macadamia nuts allow for a longer nutrient release time, increasing the later-stage yield of king oyster mushrooms. Sugarcane bagasse is not only rich in nutrients but also has good moisture retention properties. The reasonable combination of these raw materials ensures stable yields, high quality, and high conversion rates throughout the pre-, mid-, and late-stage fruiting stages, increasing economic benefits by more than 0.25 yuan per bag compared to conventional formulas.

[0023] 3. After years of research on fungal cultivation, and considering the growth habits of *Agaricus bisporus*, the applicant considered that it could be cultivated under forest cover. After screening, macadamia forests were selected as the cultivation site. However, during the implementation, the applicant found that the soil in which macadamia trees have been planted for many years is prone to the growth of fungi such as *Phytophthora indicum* and *Diplosporium*, possibly due to soil moisture. Therefore, the results after direct planting were not ideal, mainly due to the influence of some fungi, which led to a low fruiting rate and ultimately a decrease in the yield of *Agaricus bisporus*. Based on this, the applicant compared chemical disinfectants and biological control methods and found that chemical disinfectants were ineffective, potentially leading to pesticide residues in *Amanita phalloides* and reducing the organic matter content in the soil. Before sowing *Amanita phalloides*, this application first treats the soil with a bactericidal composition. This composition is obtained by fermenting and pulverizing a combination of macadamia shells, ginger, and cassia seeds, followed by short-term fermentation with microbial fertilizer. This bactericidal composition can kill most soil microorganisms (fungi) that are detrimental to the growth of macadamia trees and *Amanita phalloides*, and can also improve the soil. The components of the bactericidal composition are natural and safe, and will not cause pesticide residues in *Amanita phalloides* or damage the soil. After the above soil pretreatment, the mycelium of *Amanita phalloides* grows rapidly and vigorously after sowing, which can also increase the fruiting rate of *Amanita phalloides*, ultimately increasing product yield and obtaining better economic benefits. Therefore, this invention has outstanding technical effects. [Attached Image Description]

[0024] Figure 1 The image shows the germination of *Agaricus bisporus* mycelium cultivated using the method described in Example 2 of this application.

[0025] Figure 2 The image shows the growth of *Stropharia macrocarpa* after fruiting, cultivated using the method described in Example 2 of this application.

Detailed Implementation Methods

[0026] The following embodiments can help those skilled in the art to more fully understand the present invention, but should not be construed as limiting the present invention in any way.

[0027] Example 1

[0028] This embodiment provides a cultivation method for intercropping macadamia nuts and king oyster mushrooms, specifically including the following steps:

[0029] (1) Selection of forest land: Select macadamia forests with trees aged 3-4 years and a canopy density of 0.5; macadamia forests with a row spacing of 5 meters (spacing between trees) * 6 meters (row spacing) or more. It is advisable to select forest land that is close to water sources, does not accumulate water, and has convenient drainage. It is best to select loam or slightly sandy soil areas that are rich in humus, loose and fertile, and have good air permeability.

[0030] (2) Pretreatment: Clear weeds and stones from the forest land, level the land, then spread the bactericidal composition into the soil, and make beds with a width of 80cm, a height of 15cm, and a spacing of 45cm between beds; the bactericidal composition is obtained by mixing crushed macadamia shells, ginger, and cassia seeds in a mass ratio of 3:1:2, then adding 0.05 times the mass of EM bacteria to the mixture, and allowing it to ferment naturally for 10 hours. The fermented material is then crushed through a 60-mesh sieve, and microbial fertilizer is added, followed by another 2 hours of natural fermentation to obtain the bactericidal composition; the microbial fertilizer is obtained by weighing organic fertilizer, adjusting the C / N ratio of the organic fertilizer to 25:1 using glutinous rice flour, and adjusting the Ca content in the organic fertilizer. 2+ The content is 5%; then, Trichoderma harzianum is inoculated into the adjusted organic fertilizer at an inoculation amount of 15%, and fermented at 28℃ for 14 days to obtain the microbial fertilizer; at the same time, a water spraying facility is set up, and a spraying device is generally preferred. Ground-inserted micro-sprinklers are installed in staggered positions on adjacent ridges, and the spacing between ground-inserted micro-sprinklers on the same ridge is 250cm.

[0031] (3) Sowing: The most suitable time to sow giant king mushroom is when the temperature is 18-28℃ (generally from late October to early November in Guangxi). Therefore, when the average temperature of the forest land is 15℃, the substrate can be laid for sowing. Spread the substrate on the ridges to a thickness of 15cm. Water thoroughly the day before sowing to ensure the substrate moisture content is 60%. Sow using the spot sowing method. Break the large-cap mushroom spawn into pieces and spread them on the ridges, placing 3 pieces per row with a 4cm interval. After spot sowing, cover with substrate to a thickness of 5cm, then cover with 3cm of soil, and then cover with 2cm of straw. Press firmly in layers to make the surface of the substrate resemble a turtle's back. Immediately spray water, using a moderate amount, just enough so that excess water on the covering does not seep into the substrate. The substrate is made by mixing and crushing 20 parts by weight of macadamia nut shells, 22 parts by weight of hardwood sawdust, 22 parts by weight of sugarcane bagasse, and 3 parts by weight of rice bran, then adding 1 part by weight of lime. Ferment at a temperature of 55℃. In the early stage of fermentation, turn the pile once every day, for a total of 2 times. In the early stage of fermentation, it is necessary to ensure that the temperature difference between the inside and outside of the substrate is small. The substrate is ready after 10 days of fermentation.

[0032] (4) Post-sowing management: On the second day after sowing, spray a small amount of carbendazim diluted 500 times on the ridge surface with a sprayer. The dosage is 100g / (667m²). 2 On the third day after inoculation, the mycelium of *Stropharia macrocarpa* begins to germinate. Around seven days later, the mycelium extends into the culture medium in bundles. During the mycelial growth period, the temperature should be controlled at 18-25℃, the moisture content of the culture medium at 60-65%, and the relative humidity at 85-90%. Therefore, a thermometer and hygrometer should be placed at the cultivation site to constantly monitor the temperature and humidity changes of the culture medium and to spray water (mist) promptly for 4 minutes each time. Once the mycelium reaches the casing layer, appropriate wet-dry stimulation should be applied by reducing or increasing the frequency and amount of watering to change the moisture content of the culture medium, promoting mushroom bud formation and shifting the mycelium from vegetative to reproductive growth. During the fruiting stage, the focus of management is on maintaining moisture and strengthening ventilation, controlling the temperature at 12-25℃, and increasing the amount of water sprayed to ensure that the moisture content of the culture medium remains at 65% and the relative humidity at 85-95% throughout the fruiting period. Following the principle of frequent, light spraying, mist the ridges with water every morning and evening to keep the covering moist. Do not spray on rainy days, and ensure proper drainage to prevent waterlogging. Adjust the frequency of spraying according to the weather. Generally, mycelium will form buds 7-10 days after emerging from the soil surface, and mushrooms will differentiate after about 3 days. It takes 5-7 days for the mushrooms to mature from the appearance of white spots. Disease and pest control: Disease and pest control for *Stropharia carinata* should follow the principle of prevention first and integrated management, requiring prevention of various contaminating fungi at the source. Use yellow sticky traps and black light traps to kill pests. Contaminating fungi that may appear before fruiting, such as *Coprinus comatus*, *Psilocybe globosum*, and *Psilocybe niloticus*, should be removed as early as possible and sprayed with 0.1% lime water.

[0033] (5) Harvesting: After the *Stropharia carinata* matures, it should be harvested promptly. The criteria for harvesting are that the cap membrane of the fruiting body has not yet ruptured or is about to rupture, and the cap is rolled inward and does not open. After the first flush of *Stropharia carinata* is harvested, water should be withheld for 3 days to allow the mycelium to recover and accumulate nutrients. Then, according to the management requirements during the mycelial growth period, humidity should be increased and buds should be promoted. After 15-20 days, the second flush of mushrooms will begin to appear. Generally, *Stropharia carinata* can produce 3-4 flushes. When harvesting, first grasp the base of the stem and gently twist it. Once it loosens, gently pull it upwards to avoid affecting or damaging the surrounding small buds. After each flush of mushrooms is harvested, fill in any depressions with soil to prevent water accumulation. Additionally, after each flush, spray more water appropriately after a week of recovery. Use a clean blade to remove soil and debris from the base of the stem of the harvested *Stropharia carinata*, and wipe the stem clean to improve the overall cleanliness of the fruiting body. After cleaning, they can be sold fresh, or dried or salted before being sold.

[0034] (6) Post-harvest processing: To improve the resource utilization rate of *Pleurotus ostreatus* substrate and obtain higher economic benefits, on the one hand, the substrate can be used as a covering material for secondary mushroom cultivation to reduce cultivation costs; on the other hand, the substrate can be turned into the soil on-site to increase the organic matter content of the soil, improve soil structure, and enhance soil fertility. In addition, the substrate can be spread directly on raised beds to naturally degrade and provide nutrients for macadamia trees, promoting their growth.

[0035] Example 2

[0036] This embodiment provides a cultivation method for intercropping macadamia nuts and king oyster mushrooms, specifically including the following steps:

[0037] (1) Selection of forest land: Select macadamia forests with trees aged 3-4 years and a canopy density of 0.6; macadamia forests with a row spacing of 5 meters (spacing between trees) * 6 meters (row spacing) or more. It is advisable to select forest land that is close to water sources, does not accumulate water, and has convenient drainage. It is best to select loam or slightly sandy soil areas that are rich in humus, loose and fertile, and have good air permeability.

[0038] (2) Pretreatment: Clear weeds and stones from the forest land, level the land, then spread the bactericidal composition into the soil, and make beds with a width of 90cm, a height of 17cm, and a spacing of 50cm between beds; the bactericidal composition is obtained by mixing crushed macadamia shells, ginger, and cassia seeds in a mass ratio of 3:1:3, then adding 0.07 times the mass of EM bacteria to the mixture, and allowing it to ferment naturally for 11 hours. The fermented material is then crushed through a 70-mesh sieve, and microbial fertilizer is added. Natural fermentation continues for another 2-3 hours to obtain the bactericidal composition; the microbial fertilizer is obtained by weighing organic fertilizer, adjusting the C / N ratio of the organic fertilizer to 27:1 using glutinous rice flour, and adjusting the Ca content in the organic fertilizer. 2+The content is 6%; then Trichoderma harzianum is inoculated into the adjusted organic fertilizer at an inoculation amount of 17%, and fermented at 28℃ for 14 days to obtain the microbial fertilizer; at the same time, a water spraying facility is set up, and a spraying device is generally preferred. Ground-inserted micro-sprinklers are installed in staggered positions on adjacent ridges, and the spacing between ground-inserted micro-sprinklers on the same ridge is 270cm.

[0039] (3) Sowing: The most suitable time to sow giant king mushroom is when the temperature is 18-28℃ (generally from late October to early November in Guangxi). Therefore, when the average temperature of the forest land is 20℃, the substrate can be laid for sowing. Spread the substrate on the ridges to a thickness of 17cm. Water thoroughly the day before sowing to ensure the substrate moisture content is 62%. Sow using the spot sowing method. Break the large-cap mushroom spawn into pieces and spread them on the ridges, placing 3 pieces per row with a 5cm interval. After sowing, cover with substrate to a thickness of 6cm, then cover with 4cm of soil, and then cover with 3cm of straw. Press firmly in layers to make the surface of the substrate resemble a turtle's back. Immediately spray water, using a moderate amount, just enough so that excess water on the covering does not seep into the substrate. The substrate is made by mixing and crushing 25 parts by weight of macadamia nut shells, 28 parts by weight of hardwood sawdust, 28 parts by weight of sugarcane bagasse, and 4 parts by weight of rice bran, then adding 1 part by weight of lime. Ferment at 60℃. In the early stage of fermentation, turn the pile every 2 days, for a total of 3 times. In the early stage of fermentation, it is necessary to ensure that the temperature difference between the inside and outside of the substrate is small. The substrate is ready after 12 days of fermentation.

[0040] (4) Post-sowing management: On the second day after sowing, spray a small amount of carbendazim diluted 700 times on the ridge surface with a sprayer. The dosage is 150g / (667m²). 2On the third day after inoculation, the mycelium of *Stropharia macrocarpa* begins to germinate. Around seven days later, the mycelium extends into the culture medium in bundles. During the mycelial growth period, the temperature should be controlled at 18-25℃, the moisture content of the culture medium at 60-65%, and the relative humidity at 85-90%. Therefore, a thermometer and hygrometer should be placed in the cultivation area to constantly monitor the temperature and humidity changes of the culture medium and to spray water (mist) promptly for 5 minutes each time. Once the mycelium reaches the casing layer, appropriate wet-dry stimulation should be applied by reducing or increasing the frequency and amount of watering to change the moisture content of the culture medium, promoting mushroom bud formation and shifting the mycelium from vegetative to reproductive growth. During the fruiting stage, the focus of management is on maintaining moisture and strengthening ventilation, controlling the temperature at 12-25℃, and increasing the amount of water sprayed to ensure that the moisture content of the culture medium remains at 65% and the relative humidity at 85-95% throughout the fruiting period. Following the principle of frequent, light spraying, mist the ridges with water every morning and evening to keep the covering moist. Do not spray on rainy days, and ensure proper drainage to prevent waterlogging. Adjust the frequency of spraying according to the weather. Generally, mycelium will form buds 7-10 days after emerging from the soil surface, and mushrooms will differentiate after about 3 days. It takes 5-7 days for the mushrooms to mature from the appearance of white spots. Disease and pest control: Disease and pest control for *Stropharia carinata* should follow the principle of prevention first and integrated management, requiring prevention of various contaminating fungi at the source. Use yellow sticky traps and black light traps to kill pests. Contaminating fungi that may appear before fruiting, such as *Coprinus comatus*, *Psilocybe globosum*, and *Psilocybe niloticus*, should be removed as early as possible and sprayed with 0.1% lime water.

[0041] (5) Harvesting: After the *Stropharia carinata* matures, it should be harvested promptly. The criteria for harvesting are that the cap membrane of the fruiting body has not yet ruptured or is about to rupture, and the cap is rolled inward and does not open. After the first flush of *Stropharia carinata* is harvested, water should be withheld for 4 days to allow the mycelium to recover and accumulate nutrients. Then, according to the management requirements during the mycelial growth period, humidity should be increased and buds should be promoted. After 15-20 days, the second flush of mushrooms will begin to appear. Generally, *Stropharia carinata* can produce 3-4 flushes. When harvesting, first grasp the base of the stem and gently twist it. Once it loosens, gently pull it upwards to avoid affecting or damaging the surrounding small buds. After each flush of mushrooms is harvested, fill in any depressions with soil to prevent water accumulation. Additionally, after each flush, spray more water appropriately after a week of recovery. Use a clean blade to remove soil and debris from the base of the stem of the harvested *Stropharia carinata*, and wipe the stem clean to improve the overall cleanliness of the fruiting body. After cleaning, they can be sold fresh, or dried or salted before being sold.

[0042] (6) Post-harvest processing: To improve the resource utilization rate of *Pleurotus ostreatus* substrate and obtain higher economic benefits, on the one hand, the substrate can be used as a covering material for secondary mushroom cultivation to reduce cultivation costs; on the other hand, the substrate can be turned into the soil on-site to increase the organic matter content of the soil, improve soil structure, and enhance soil fertility. In addition, the substrate can be spread directly on raised beds to naturally degrade and provide nutrients for macadamia trees, promoting their growth.

[0043] Example 3

[0044] This embodiment provides a cultivation method for intercropping macadamia nuts and king oyster mushrooms, specifically including the following steps:

[0045] (1) Selection of forest land: Select macadamia forests with trees aged 3-4 years and a canopy density of 0.8; macadamia forests with a row spacing of 5 meters (spacing between trees) * 6 meters (row spacing) or more. It is advisable to select forest land that is close to water sources, does not accumulate water, and has convenient drainage. It is best to select loam or slightly sandy soil areas that are rich in humus, loose and fertile, and have good air permeability.

[0046] (2) Pretreatment: Clear weeds and stones from the forest land, level the land, then spread the bactericidal composition into the soil, and make beds with a width of 100cm, a height of 20cm, and a spacing of 60cm between beds; the bactericidal composition is obtained by mixing crushed macadamia shells, ginger, and cassia seeds in a mass ratio of 4:1:3, then adding 0.1 times the mass of EM bacteria to the mixture, and allowing it to ferment naturally for 12 hours. The fermented material is then crushed through an 80-mesh sieve, and microbial fertilizer is added, followed by another 3 hours of natural fermentation to obtain the bactericidal composition; the microbial fertilizer is obtained by weighing organic fertilizer, adjusting the C / N ratio of the organic fertilizer to 30:1 with glutinous rice flour, and adjusting the Ca content in the organic fertilizer. 2+ The content is 7%; then, Trichoderma harzianum is inoculated into the adjusted organic fertilizer at an inoculation amount of 20%, and fermented at 28℃ for 14 days to obtain the microbial fertilizer; at the same time, a water spraying facility is set up, and a spraying device is generally preferred. Ground-inserted micro-sprinklers are installed in staggered positions on adjacent ridges, and the spacing between ground-inserted micro-sprinklers on the same ridge is 300cm.

[0047] (3) Sowing: The most suitable time to sow giant king mushroom is when the temperature is 18-28℃ (generally from late October to early November in Guangxi). Therefore, when the average temperature of the forest land is 28℃, the substrate can be laid for sowing. Spread the substrate on the ridges to a thickness of 20cm. Water thoroughly the day before sowing to ensure the substrate moisture content is 65%. Sow using the spot sowing method. Break the mushroom spawn into pieces and spread them on the ridges, placing 4 pieces per row with a 6cm interval. After sowing, cover with substrate to a thickness of 7cm, then cover with 5cm of soil, and then cover with 3cm of straw. Press firmly in layers to make the surface of the substrate resemble a turtle's back. Immediately spray water, using a moderate amount, just enough so that excess water on the covering does not seep into the substrate. The substrate is made by mixing and crushing 30 parts by weight of macadamia nut shells, 32 parts by weight of hardwood sawdust, 32 parts by weight of sugarcane bagasse, and 5 parts by weight of rice bran, then adding 2 parts by weight of lime. Ferment at a temperature of 65℃. In the early stage of fermentation, turn the pile every 2 days, for a total of 3 times. In the early stage of fermentation, it is necessary to ensure that the temperature difference between the inside and outside of the substrate is small. The substrate is ready after 15 days of fermentation.

[0048] (4) Post-sowing management: On the second day after sowing, spray a small amount of carbendazim diluted 1000 times on the ridge surface using a sprayer. The dosage is 200g / (667m²). 2 On the third day after inoculation, the mycelium of *Stropharia macrocarpa* begins to germinate. Around seven days later, the mycelium extends into the culture medium in bundles. During the mycelial growth period, the temperature should be controlled at 18-25℃, the moisture content of the culture medium at 60-65%, and the relative humidity at 85-90%. Therefore, a thermometer and hygrometer should be placed at the cultivation site to constantly monitor the temperature and humidity changes of the culture medium and to spray water (in mist) for 6 minutes each time. Once the mycelium reaches the casing layer, appropriate wet-dry stimulation should be applied by reducing or increasing the frequency and amount of watering to change the moisture content of the culture medium, promoting mushroom bud formation and shifting the mycelium from vegetative to reproductive growth. During the fruiting stage, the focus of management is on maintaining moisture and improving ventilation. The temperature should be controlled at 12-25℃, and the amount of water sprayed should be increased to ensure that the moisture content of the culture medium remains at 65% and the relative humidity at 85-95% throughout the fruiting period. Following the principle of frequent, light spraying, mist the ridges with water every morning and evening to keep the covering moist. Do not spray on rainy days, and ensure proper drainage to prevent waterlogging. Adjust the frequency of spraying according to the weather. Generally, mycelium will form buds 7-10 days after emerging from the soil surface, and mushrooms will differentiate after about 3 days. It takes 5-7 days for the mushrooms to mature from the appearance of white spots. Disease and pest control: Disease and pest control for *Stropharia carinata* should follow the principle of prevention first and integrated management, requiring prevention of various contaminating fungi at the source. Use yellow sticky traps and black light traps to kill pests. Contaminating fungi that may appear before fruiting, such as *Coprinus comatus*, *Psilocybe globosum*, and *Psilocybe niloticus*, should be removed as early as possible and sprayed with 0.1% lime water.

[0049] (5) Harvesting: After the *Stropharia carinata* matures, it should be harvested promptly. The criteria for harvesting are that the cap membrane of the fruiting body has not yet ruptured or is about to rupture, and the cap is rolled inward and does not open. After the first flush of *Stropharia carinata* is harvested, water should be withheld for 5 days to allow the mycelium to recover and accumulate nutrients. Then, according to the management requirements during the mycelial growth period, humidity should be increased and buds should be promoted. After 15-20 days, the second flush of mushrooms will begin to appear. Generally, *Stropharia carinata* can produce 3-4 flushes. When harvesting, first grasp the base of the stem and gently twist it. Once it loosens, gently pull it upwards to avoid affecting or damaging the surrounding small buds. After each flush of mushrooms is harvested, fill in any depressions with soil to prevent water accumulation. Additionally, after each flush, spray more water appropriately after a week of recovery. Use a clean blade to remove soil and debris from the base of the stem of the harvested *Stropharia carinata*, and wipe the stem clean to improve the overall cleanliness of the fruiting body. After cleaning, they can be sold fresh, or dried or salted before being sold.

[0050] (6) Post-harvest processing: To improve the resource utilization rate of *Pleurotus ostreatus* substrate and obtain higher economic benefits, on the one hand, the substrate can be used as a covering material for secondary mushroom cultivation to reduce cultivation costs; on the other hand, the substrate can be turned into the soil on-site to increase the organic matter content of the soil, improve soil structure, and enhance soil fertility. In addition, the substrate can be spread directly on raised beds to naturally degrade and provide nutrients for macadamia trees, promoting their growth.

[0051] Test case

[0052] To demonstrate the practical value of this application, the applicant conducted the following experiment:

[0053] Experiment 1: Comparing the effects of different planting methods, the groups are as follows:

[0054] Group 1: The method described in Example 2;

[0055] Group 2: Remove the treatment of spreading the bactericidal composition into the soil; other methods are the same as Group 1.

[0056] Group 3: Replace the bactericidal composition with an equal amount of commercially available chlorothalonil, and follow the same procedures as Group 1.

[0057] Group 4: In the preparation of the sterilization composition, the fermentation step is omitted, and the other methods are the same as in Group 1;

[0058] Group 5: Replace macadamia nut shells in the sterilization composition with purslane, otherwise the same as Group 1;

[0059] Group 6: Remove the microbial fertilizer from the bactericidal composition; other methods are the same as Group 1.

[0060] Group 7: Remove the macadamia nut skin from the culture medium, otherwise follow the same steps as Group 1;

[0061] Group 8: Remove the macadamia nut skins and rice bran from the culture medium, otherwise follow the same steps as Group 1.

[0062] The cultivation quality of the above groups under different treatments was compared, including the fruiting time and yield of *Stropharia macrocarpa* (specifically, the data for the first to third flushes were recorded), and the data for each group are shown in Table 1.

[0063] Table 1 Comparison of planting effects under different intercropping methods

[0064]

[0065] According to the results in Table 1, the method of intercropping *Amanita phalloides* in the forest using the method described in this application results in a short fruiting time and high yield. In the second group, removing the fungicide treatment led to pathogen infection of *Amanita phalloides* after sowing, resulting in a low fruiting rate and a significantly reduced final yield, as well as a long fruiting time. This indicates that the soil in macadamia nut forests cannot be directly used for planting *Amanita phalloides*, possibly due to the presence of fungal strains in the soil that affect its growth, preventing normal fruiting. In the third group, replacing the fungicide with chlorothalonil resulted in a long fruiting time. The fourth and fifth groups, which changed the composition or preparation method of the fungicide, failed to achieve the results described in this application. The results showed that, without the fermentation process in the preparation of the sterilization composition, the fruiting time was short. However, the yield of the second and third flushes of mushrooms decreased. In the fifth group, after adjusting only one component, the fruiting time and yield of *Stropharia macrocarpa* were lower than those of the groups in this application. This indicates that the sterilization composition cannot simply be given a sterilization effect; it needs to be designed in conjunction with the growth characteristics of *Stropharia macrocarpa* itself. The composition and preparation method of this composition were obtained through the applicant's creative efforts. In the seventh and eighth groups, the yield was greatly reduced after changing the composition of the culture medium, indicating that the culture medium of this application is conducive to obtaining high-yield *Stropharia macrocarpa*, and the benefits will be greater.

[0066] like Figure 1 The image shows the mycelial growth of *Agaricus bisporus* under the first cultivation method. Figure 2 The image shows the growth of *Agaricus macrocarpa* after fruiting under the first cultivation method, demonstrating that the *Agaricus macrocarpa* cultivated using the method described in this application exhibits excellent growth. In summary, this application's model of intercropping *Agaricus macrocarpa* under macadamia nut forests eliminates land costs, increases the economic benefits for forest farmers, and has a very broad application prospect.

[0067] Although the present invention has been described in detail above with general descriptions and specific embodiments, modifications or improvements can be made to it, which will be obvious to those skilled in the art. Therefore, all such modifications or improvements made without departing from the spirit of the present invention fall within the scope of protection claimed by the present invention.

Claims

1. A cultivation method for intercropping macadamia nuts and king oyster mushrooms, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) Selection of forest land: Select macadamia forests with trees aged 3-4 years and a canopy closure of 0.5-0.8; (2) Pretreatment: Clear the weeds and stones in the forest, level the land, then spread the bactericidal composition in the soil, and make beds with a width of 80-100 cm, a height of 15-20 cm, and a spacing of 45-60 cm; The bactericidal composition in step (2) is obtained by mixing crushed macadamia shells, ginger and cassia seeds in a mass ratio of 3-4:1:2-3, then adding 0.05-0.1 times the mass of EM bacteria to the mixture, fermenting naturally for 10-12 hours, then crushing the fermented material to pass through a 60-80 mesh sieve, then adding microbial fertilizer, and continuing to ferment naturally for 2-3 hours to obtain the bactericidal composition; (3) Sowing: Spread the culture medium on the ridge with a thickness of 15-20 cm. Water it thoroughly one day before sowing to ensure that the moisture content of the culture medium is 60-65%. Sow by spot sowing. Break the mushroom spawn into pieces and spread them on the ridge. Place 3-4 pieces in each row with a spacing of 4-6 cm. The culture medium in step (3) is made by mixing and crushing 20-30 parts by weight of macadamia nut shells, 22-32 parts by weight of hardwood sawdust, 22-32 parts by weight of sugarcane bagasse and 3-5 parts by weight of rice bran, and then adding 1-2 parts by weight of lime. Ferment at a temperature of 55-65℃. In the early stage of fermentation, turn the pile once every 1-2 days. Turn the pile 2-3 times in total. The culture medium can be obtained after 10-15 days of fermentation. (4) Post-sowing management: Spray water in a timely manner during the cultivation of giant king mushrooms, control the moisture content of the substrate to 60-65%, pay attention to the prevention and control of pests, and harvest in a timely manner after maturity.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, After the inoculum is sown in step (3), the culture medium is covered with a thickness of 5-7 cm, then covered with 3-5 cm of soil, and then covered with 2-3 cm of straw. The layers are compacted to make the surface of the medium resemble a turtle's back, and then water is sprayed immediately.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The post-sowing management also includes turning the mushroom residue into the soil on-site after harvesting the giant king mushroom to improve soil fertility.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The microbial fertilizer is produced by weighing organic fertilizer, adjusting the C / N ratio of the organic fertilizer to 25-30:1 with glutinous rice flour, and adjusting the Ca content in the organic fertilizer. 2+ The content is 5-7%; then Trichoderma harzianum is inoculated into the adjusted organic fertilizer at an inoculation amount of 15-20%, and fermented at 28℃ for 14 days to obtain the microbial fertilizer.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The culture medium is mainly composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25 parts macadamia nut shells, 28 parts hardwood sawdust, 28 parts sugarcane bagasse, and 4 parts rice bran.

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