A device and method for on-line detection of temperature in a main grinding zone of external cylindrical longitudinal grinding

Abstract

This invention relates to an online temperature detection device and method for the main grinding zone in longitudinal external cylindrical grinding. It includes an integrated thermocouple, a microcontroller, a PC, and a workpiece assembly cut into two parts along the helical cross-section based on the helical trajectory of the grinding wheel and workpiece in the main grinding zone calculated according to the workpiece rotation speed and feed rate during longitudinal external cylindrical grinding. The integrated thermocouple is embedded in the interface of the workpiece assembly, and the two parts of the workpiece assembly are fixedly connected by fasteners. The signal wire embedded in the integrated thermocouple passes through the signal wire channel inside the workpiece assembly and is wirelessly connected to the PC via the microcontroller fixedly mounted on the workpiece assembly. This invention has a simple structure, high measurement accuracy, and simultaneously satisfies online monitoring and offline data storage. It can be used for temperature measurement in longitudinal external cylindrical grinding, effectively solving the problem of temperature measurement in longitudinal external cylindrical grinding and enabling real-time monitoring and storage of the temperature in the main grinding zone.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of temperature measurement in the main grinding zone during longitudinal grinding of outer diameter, and particularly to a device and method for measuring the temperature of relevant points in the main grinding zone during longitudinal grinding of outer diameter. Background Technology

[0002] Shafts are a typical type of mechanical structural component, widely used in various industries such as drive shafts and aerospace parts. External longitudinal grinding, as an important process for finishing the outer cylindrical surface of shafts, can achieve high dimensional accuracy, shape accuracy, and surface quality. In external longitudinal grinding, the contact area between the workpiece and the grinding wheel can be divided into the main grinding zone and the secondary grinding zone. The main grinding zone is the material removal area, while the secondary grinding zone is the area where the grinding wheel grinds and polishes the workpiece. The main grinding zone generates a large amount of heat. If the temperature in the main grinding zone is not effectively controlled, it can lead to significant thermal stress and annealing on the workpiece surface, affecting the workpiece's dimensional accuracy, hardness, and surface quality.

[0003] To ensure that the surface temperature of the workpiece does not exceed the tolerable limit during longitudinal grinding of the outer diameter, thereby effectively improving the accuracy of the rotating body and the surface quality of the workpiece, researchers currently use temperature measurement methods such as thermocouple method, optical radiation method, thermal radiation method, and metallographic structure method. While the commonly used radiation method can utilize instruments such as infrared thermal imagers for wireless measurement, it is affected by factors such as the processing environment, grinding fluid, and workpiece obstruction, making direct measurement of the contact area temperature difficult and resulting in significant discrepancies between the measured results and the actual temperature. Among the current common temperature measurement methods, the thermocouple method is an effective and relatively reliable method that allows direct measurement of the workpiece temperature in the main grinding area. However, during longitudinal grinding of the outer diameter, the high-speed rotation of the workpiece causes signal wire entanglement, making data transmission a challenge. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide an online temperature detection device and method for the main grinding zone in external cylindrical longitudinal grinding. Based on the characteristics of external cylindrical longitudinal grinding, thermocouples are arranged along the contact spiral line between the grinding wheel and the workpiece to collect the temperature of the main grinding zone. The temperature signal is wirelessly transmitted and stored through a microcontroller, thereby solving the technical problem of online temperature monitoring of the main grinding zone during external cylindrical longitudinal grinding.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution provided by this invention is as follows: an online temperature detection device for the main grinding zone in external cylindrical longitudinal grinding, comprising an integrated thermocouple, a microcontroller, a PC host computer, and a workpiece assembly cut into two parts along the helical cross section based on the helical trajectory of the grinding wheel and the workpiece in the main grinding zone calculated according to the workpiece rotation speed and feed speed in external cylindrical longitudinal grinding. The integrated thermocouple is embedded in the joint interface of the workpiece assembly, and the two parts of the workpiece assembly are fixedly connected by fasteners. The signal line embedded in the integrated thermocouple passes through the signal line channel inside the workpiece assembly and is connected to the microcontroller fixedly installed in the workpiece assembly, for collecting the temperature signal of the main grinding zone and transmitting it to the microcontroller. The microcontroller is wirelessly connected to the PC host computer.

[0006] Furthermore, the workpiece is provided with a blind hole for accommodating an integrated thermocouple, a threaded hole for connecting the two parts of the workpiece assembly, and a signal line channel.

[0007] Furthermore, the workpiece assembly is installed between the headstock and the tailstock; the microcontroller is waterproofed and fixed to the end of the workpiece assembly with screws, and the microcontroller rotates together with the workpiece assembly during the longitudinal grinding of the outer diameter.

[0008] Furthermore, the integrated thermocouple consists of multiple sets of thermocouple flat wires, two integrated blocks, and three annular mica sheets. The integrated blocks are made of insulating material, and several microgrooves are machined on the integrated blocks to place the thermocouple flat wires and signal lines. Two thermocouple flat wires of different materials are symmetrically attached to both sides of the central mica sheet to form a grinding temperature measurement point. Several grinding temperature measurement points are arranged in a circumferential array along the central mica sheet. The two integrated blocks are connected and fixed together by screws to connect the thermocouple flat wires, the central mica sheet, and the integrated blocks.

[0009] Furthermore, the integrated thermocouple is fixedly connected to the workpiece assembly by screws; and two additional layers of annular mica sheets are used to insulate the thermocouple flat wire from the workpiece assembly.

[0010] Furthermore, the microcontroller includes an MCU chip, a clock circuit, an ADC circuit, a button circuit, a power supply circuit, a wireless transmission module, and a memory card module. The entire microcontroller is controlled and operated by writing programming code into the MCU chip. The timer is configured through the program to trigger the ADC circuit module to collect signals, and then the data is sent to the host computer through the wireless transmission module via the MCU chip and transmitted to the memory card through the communication protocol.

[0011] Furthermore, the PC host computer includes a serial port configuration module, a serial port data reading module, a data processing and plotting module, a data saving module, and a time module. Through the wireless connection between the PC host computer and the microcontroller and integrated thermocouple, real-time monitoring of the longitudinal grinding temperature of the outer diameter is realized.

[0012] A linear detection method employing an online temperature detection device in the main grinding zone of external cylindrical longitudinal grinding involves a microcontroller rotating together with the workpiece assembly during the external cylindrical longitudinal grinding process. The microcontroller receives temperature signals collected by an integrated thermocouple in the main grinding zone via a signal line. A configuration program controls the microcontroller to wirelessly transmit the temperature signals to a PC at a certain frequency and save them to an SD card. After processing by the PC software, real-time temperature visualization and monitoring are achieved. Simultaneously, the microcontroller transmits the collected temperature signals to a memory card via a communication protocol for data storage.

[0013] Furthermore, during the grinding process, the temperature causes a potential difference in the thermocouple. The ADC circuit in the microcontroller collects the thermoelectric potential signal and then transmits the temperature signal to the PC host computer via Bluetooth wireless transmission. After processing by the LabVIEW host computer software, it realizes visualized real-time measurement and monitoring. At the same time, the microcontroller establishes a FATFS file system on the SD card through the SPI protocol and writes the data to the SD card for later reading, analysis and research.

[0014] Furthermore, by writing a program to the microcontroller, the ADC adopts external event-triggered acquisition and discontinuous conversion mode. When multiple thermocouples are embedded in the workpiece, the ADC multi-channel acquisition is enabled. Then, a timer is configured to generate a fixed-period PWM wave at a certain frequency F. Each PWM wave generates an ADC circuit conversion. Then, the acquired data is transferred using the DMA function. The data acquired by the ADC is placed in the DMA register. When the register is full, an interrupt is generated, and then the data processing chip reads and transmits the data.

[0015] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0016] The present invention relates to a temperature measurement device and method for relevant points in the main grinding area of ​​longitudinal external cylindrical grinding. This device features a simple structure, low cost, high measurement accuracy and reliability, and simultaneously satisfies both online monitoring and offline data storage requirements. It can be used for temperature measurement in longitudinal external cylindrical grinding. This device effectively solves the problem of temperature measurement in longitudinal external cylindrical grinding, enabling real-time monitoring and storage of the temperature in the main grinding area. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram showing the installation and usage status of the online temperature detection device for the main grinding zone in longitudinal grinding of the outer diameter according to the present invention;

[0018] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the online temperature detection device for the main grinding zone in longitudinal grinding of the outer diameter according to the present invention.

[0019] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the integrated thermocouple structure in the online temperature detection device for the main grinding zone of the longitudinal grinding of the outer circle according to the present invention;

[0020] Figure 4 This is a side view of the first thermocouple component in the integrated thermocouple of the device of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the first component structure of the workpiece in the device of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second component of the workpiece in the device of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 7 This is a side view of the structure of the second component of the workpiece in the device of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the microcontroller being installed on the second component of the workpiece in the device of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the grinding processing area during temperature measurement using the device of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 10 This is a flowchart of the online measurement of external cylindrical grinding temperature using the device of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the operation of the microcontroller in the device of the present invention;

[0028] In the diagram: 1-Headstock; 2-Microcontroller; 3-Grinding wheel; 4-Integrated thermocouple; 5-Workpiece assembly; 6-Tailstock; 41-Mica sheet one; 42-Thermocouple first component; 421-Screw connection hole one; 422-Thermocouple wire microgroove one; 423-Thermocouple wire microgroove two; 43-Mica sheet two; 44-Thermocouple flat wire; 45-Thermocouple second component; 451-Screw connection hole two; 452-Thermocouple wire microgroove three; 453- 46-Mica sheet 3; 51-Workpiece first component; 511-Positioning protrusion; 512-Screw connection hole 3; 513-Counterhead hole 1; 514-Top hole 1; 52-Workpiece second component; 521-Positioning countersunk hole; 522-Screw hole 1; 523-Counterhead hole 2; 524-Screw hole 2; 525-Thermocouple wire channel 1; 526-Thermocouple wire channel 2; 527-Top hole 2; 528-Positioning shoulder. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The invention will now be described in detail below, taking external cylindrical grinding as an example, with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0030] like Figure 1As shown in the embodiment of the present invention, an online temperature detection device for the main grinding zone in longitudinal grinding of an outer diameter includes a microcontroller 2, an integrated thermocouple 4, a workpiece assembly 5, and a PC host computer. The integrated thermocouple 4 is provided inside the workpiece assembly 5, and multiple sets of thermocouple flat wires 44 are provided inside the integrated thermocouple 4. One end of the thermocouple flat wire 44 is flush with the outer cylindrical surface of the workpiece assembly 5, and the other end of the thermocouple flat wire 44 is electrically connected to the microcontroller 2 sleeved on one end of the workpiece assembly 5 through a thermocouple wire channel provided inside the workpiece assembly 5. The angle of inclination of the connection interface between the internal components of the integrated thermocouple 4 and the workpiece assembly 5 is ψ, and the two inclination angles are in the same direction. The online detection device can be supported on the headstock 1 and tailstock 6 of the grinding machine through the top holes at both ends of the workpiece assembly 5. When the grinding machine is working, the grinding wheel 3 on the grinding wheel head grinds the workpiece assembly 5. The thermocouple flat wire 44 in the integrated thermocouple 4 senses the grinding temperature, and its thermoelectric potential temperature signal is transmitted to the PC host computer for data analysis and processing through the single-chip microcomputer 2 in a wireless transmission mode.

[0031] like Figures 2-4 As shown, the integrated thermocouple 4 includes a mica sheet 1 41, a mica sheet 2 43, a mica sheet 3 46, a first thermocouple component 42, a second thermocouple component 45, and thermocouple flat wires 44. The angle between the two opposing planes of the first thermocouple component 42 and the second thermocouple component 45 is ψ. Two thermocouple flat wires 44 of different materials are symmetrically attached to both sides of the mica sheet 2 43. One end of the thermocouple flat wire 44 is flush with the outer cylindrical surface of the mica sheet 2 43. Each pair of thermocouple flat wires 44 of different materials forms a grinding temperature measurement point. Several grinding temperature measurement points are arranged in a circumferential array along the mica sheet 2 43. The other end of the thermocouple flat wire 44 passes through the thermocouple wire microgrooves 1 422 and 2 423 set on the outer cylindrical surface and end face of the first thermocouple component 42, respectively, and enters the first thermocouple component. The thermocouple wire enters the central through-hole of thermocouple 42 through the thermocouple wire microgrooves 452 and 453 provided on the outer cylindrical surface and end face of the second thermocouple component 45. In use, mica sheet 41 and mica sheet 46 are attached to both sides of mica sheet 43. A set of screws axially positions mica sheet 41, mica sheet 43, and mica sheet 46 through screw connection holes 421 and 451 in the first thermocouple component 42 and the second thermocouple component 45, pressing mica sheet 43 in the middle. Thus, the sides of the first thermocouple component 42 and the second thermocouple component 45 are attached to the outer side of the thermocouple flat wire 44 through mica sheet 41 and mica sheet 46, making the thermocouple flat wire 44 insulated from the workpiece assembly 5.

[0032] Specific production methods, such as Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4As shown, three elliptical mica sheets with the same cross-section as the workpiece are obtained. Two thermocouple flat wires 44 of different materials, each about 1 mm wide and 10 μm thick, are symmetrically attached to both sides of the middle mica sheet 43. Each pair of thermocouple flat wires 44 on both sides forms a grinding temperature measurement point. Several grinding temperature measurement points are arranged in an array around the circumference of the mica sheet 43. Then, the mica sheet 43 is pressed in the middle using two thermocouple components 42 and 45, which are made of insulating and high-temperature resistant materials. The signal lines connected to each thermocouple flat wire 44 are installed in the thermocouple wire microgrooves 422 and 452, respectively. Then, two mica sheets 41 and 46 are attached to both sides of the thermocouple flat wire 44 to insulate the thermocouple flat wire 44 from the workpiece assembly 5, forming an outer longitudinal grinding thermocouple.

[0033] like Figure 2 and Figures 5-7 As shown, the workpiece assembly 5 includes a first workpiece component 51 and a second workpiece component 52. The first workpiece component 51 and the second workpiece component 52 have a pair of opposing planes with an inclination angle of ψ. The inclined side plane of the first workpiece component 51 has two positioning protrusions 511 and a countersunk hole 513. The inclined side plane of the second workpiece component 52 has two positioning countersunk holes 521 and a countersunk hole 523. The first workpiece component 51 has a screw connection hole 512 corresponding to each positioning protrusion 511. The other end face of the first workpiece component 51 opposite to the countersunk hole 513 has a center hole 514. The second workpiece component 52 has a screw hole 522 corresponding to each positioning countersunk hole 521. The inner end face of the countersunk hole 523 has a ring of screw holes 524. A thermocouple wire channel 525 and a thermocouple wire channel 526 are sequentially arranged inwards from the countersunk hole 523. The second workpiece component 52 has a screw connection hole 524 corresponding to the other end face of the inclined side plane. A positioning shoulder 528 is provided on the side, and the second thermocouple wire channel 526 passes through the cylindrical surface where the positioning shoulder 528 is located. During grinding, a set of screws are used to fix the integrated thermocouple 4 to the side bottom surface of the countersunk hole 523 of the second component of the workpiece 52 in sequence through the screw connection hole 421, the screw connection hole 451 and the screw hole 524. The first thermocouple component 42 and the second thermocouple component 45 at both ends of the integrated thermocouple 4 are circumferentially positioned by the countersunk hole 513 of the first component of the workpiece 51 and the countersunk hole 523 of the second component of the workpiece 52. Two screws are used to connect the screw hole 522 of the second component of the workpiece 52 through the screw connection hole 3 512 of the first component of the workpiece 51. At this time, the positioning protrusion 511 of the first component of the workpiece 51 is embedded in the positioning countersunk hole 521 of the second component of the workpiece 52, so that the first component of the workpiece 51 presses the integrated thermocouple 4 onto the inclined side plane of the second component of the workpiece 52 from one side of the inclined side plane. The second component 52 of the workpiece has a top hole 527 on the other end face of the inclined side plane, which is used for support during the grinding of the workpiece assembly 5.

[0034] like Figure 6 and Figure 8 As shown, the microcontroller 2 is axially positioned and installed on the positioning shoulder 528 of the second component of the workpiece 52 by a set of fixing blocks. The thermocouple flat wire 44 inside the integrated thermocouple 4 is electrically connected to the acquisition terminal of the microcontroller 2 through thermocouple wire channel one 525 and thermocouple wire channel two 526 in sequence.

[0035] like Figure 9 As shown, in the longitudinal external cylindrical grinding process, the area where the grinding wheel interacts with the workpiece is divided into the main grinding zone and the secondary grinding zone. Since it is longitudinal grinding, let the helix angle of the main grinding zone be θ, and its expression is:

[0036] (1)

[0037] In the formula: v f This refers to the longitudinal feed speed of the workpiece. v w The linear velocity of the workpiece surface when it rotates.

[0038] To reduce the influence of various factors during the grinding process, the tilt angle ψ of each of the two components of the integrated thermocouple 4 and the workpiece assembly 5 is taken as θ. In this way, the temperature signals collected by the multiple thermocouple flat wires 44 inside the integrated thermocouple 4 can be used for outlier judgment and averaging.

[0039] like Figures 1-8 As shown, in the process of using the method of the present invention, the workpiece is cut into two parts, a first component 51 and a second component 52, along a cutting line at a certain angle to the cross-section of the workpiece. Then, an integrated thermocouple 4 is embedded. The first component 51 and the second component 52 are fixedly connected by screws. Then, the workpiece assembly 5 is installed between the headstock 1 and the tailstock 6. The microcontroller 2 is waterproofed and is positioned on the second component 52 of the workpiece by a fixing block. It rotates together with the workpiece assembly 5 during the longitudinal grinding of the outer diameter. The microcontroller 2 is connected to the thermocouple flat wire 44 of the integrated thermocouple 4 through a signal line, so that the temperature signal of the main grinding area can be collected.

[0040] The microcontroller 2 includes an MCU chip, clock circuit, ADC circuit, button circuit, power supply circuit, wireless transmission module, and memory card module. The entire system is controlled and operated by the microcontroller 2 through programming code written into the MCU chip. The timer is configured through the program to trigger the ADC circuit module to collect signals, and then the data is transmitted from the MCU chip to the host computer via the wireless transmission module and to the memory card via a communication protocol.

[0041] The PC host computer includes a serial port configuration module, a serial port data reading module, a data processing and plotting module, a data saving module, and a time module. It enables real-time monitoring of the longitudinal grinding temperature of the outer diameter through a wireless connection between the host computer and the signal acquisition system.

[0042] like Figure 10 As shown, during the grinding process, the change in grinding temperature causes the thermocouple to generate a thermoelectric potential. The ADC circuit in the microcontroller 2 collects the thermoelectric potential signal and then transmits it to the PC host computer via Bluetooth wireless transmission. After data processing by the LabVIEW host computer software, the PC host computer displays the measurement results in real time on the temperature visualization interface. At the same time, the microcontroller 2 establishes a FATFS file system on the SD storage card through the SPI communication protocol and writes the data to the SD card for later reading, analysis and research.

[0043] like Figure 11 As shown, by writing a program to the STM32 microcontroller 2, the ADC adopts external event-triggered acquisition and discontinuous conversion mode. When multiple thermocouples are embedded in the workpiece, multi-channel acquisition of the ADC can be enabled. Then, a timer is configured to generate a fixed-period PWM wave at a certain frequency F. Each PWM wave will trigger an ADC circuit conversion. Then, the DMA (Direct Memory Access) function is used to transfer the acquired data. The data acquired by the ADC will be placed in the DMA register. When the register is full, an interrupt will be generated, and then the data processing chip will read and transfer the data.

Claims

1. An online temperature detection device for the main grinding zone in longitudinal grinding of outer diameter, characterized in that: The assembly comprises an integrated thermocouple, a microcontroller, a PC host computer, and a workpiece assembly. The workpiece assembly is formed by cutting along the helix angle section of the main grinding zone, calculated based on the helical trajectory of the grinding wheel and workpiece in the longitudinal grinding process of external cylindrical grinding. The helix angle of the main grinding zone is the angle of the connection interface between the integrated thermocouple and the internal components of the workpiece assembly. The integrated thermocouple is embedded in the interface of the workpiece assembly. The two parts of the workpiece assembly are fixedly connected by fasteners. The signal wire embedded in the integrated thermocouple passes through the signal wire channel inside the workpiece assembly and connects to the microcontroller fixedly mounted on the workpiece assembly. This is used to collect temperature signals from the main grinding zone and transmit them to the microcontroller. The microcontroller is wirelessly connected to the PC host computer. The workpiece assembly includes a blind hole for accommodating the integrated thermocouple, a threaded hole for connecting the two parts of the workpiece assembly, and a signal wire channel. The workpiece assembly is installed... Located between the headstock and tailstock; the microcontroller is waterproofed and fixed to the end of the workpiece assembly with screws. The microcontroller rotates together with the workpiece assembly during the longitudinal grinding of the outer diameter. The integrated thermocouple consists of multiple sets of thermocouple flat wires, two integrated blocks, and three annular mica sheets. The integrated blocks are made of insulating material, and several microgrooves are machined on the integrated blocks to place the thermocouple flat wires and signal lines. Two thermocouple flat wires of different materials are symmetrically attached to both sides of the middle mica sheet to form a grinding temperature measurement point. Several grinding temperature measurement points are arranged in a circumferential array along the middle mica sheet. The two integrated blocks are connected and fixed together with screws to connect the thermocouple flat wires, the middle mica sheet, and the integrated blocks. The PC host computer includes a serial port configuration module, a serial port data reading module, a data processing and drawing module, a data saving module, and a time module. Real-time monitoring of the longitudinal grinding temperature of the outer diameter is achieved through the wireless connection between the PC host computer, the microcontroller, and the integrated thermocouple.

2. The online temperature detection device for the main grinding zone in longitudinal grinding of outer diameter as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The integrated thermocouple is fixedly connected to the workpiece assembly by screws; and two additional layers of annular mica sheets are used to insulate the thermocouple flat wire from the workpiece assembly.

3. The online temperature detection device for the main grinding zone in longitudinal grinding of outer diameter as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The microcontroller includes an MCU chip, clock circuit, ADC circuit, button circuit, power supply circuit, wireless transmission module, and memory card module. The entire microcontroller is controlled and operated by writing programming code into the MCU chip. The timer is configured by the program to trigger the ADC circuit module to collect signals. Then, the data is sent to the host computer through the wireless transmission module and transmitted to the memory card through the communication protocol via the MCU chip.

4. An online detection method using the online temperature detection device for the main grinding zone of longitudinal grinding of outer diameter as described in any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that: During the longitudinal grinding process of the outer diameter, the microcontroller rotates together with the workpiece assembly and receives temperature signals collected by the integrated thermocouple in the main grinding area through the signal line. The microcontroller is controlled by the configuration program to wirelessly transmit the temperature signals to the PC host computer at a certain frequency and save them to the SD card. After processing by the PC host computer software, the temperature is visualized and monitored in real time. At the same time, the microcontroller transmits the collected temperature signals to the memory card through the communication protocol to realize data storage.

5. The online detection method according to claim 4, characterized in that: During the grinding process, the temperature causes a potential difference in the thermocouple. The ADC circuit in the microcontroller collects the thermoelectric potential signal and then transmits the temperature signal to the PC via Bluetooth wireless transmission. After processing by the LabVIEW PC software, the signal is visualized and monitored in real time. At the same time, the microcontroller establishes a FATFS file system on the SD card via the SPI protocol and writes the data to the SD card for later reading, analysis and research.

6. The online detection method according to claim 5, characterized in that: By writing a program to the microcontroller, the ADC adopts external event-triggered acquisition and discontinuous conversion mode. When multiple thermocouples are embedded in the workpiece, the ADC multi-channel acquisition is enabled. Then, a timer is configured to generate a PWM wave with a fixed period at a certain frequency F. Each PWM wave generates an ADC circuit conversion. Then, the acquired data is transferred using the DMA function. The data acquired by the ADC is placed in the DMA register. When the register is full, an interrupt is generated, and then the data processing chip reads and transmits the data.

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