A method and device for displaying a main flight picture based on visual interaction

Abstract

The application provides a kind of based on visual interaction's main flight picture simple display method and device, and the steps of the method are as follows: step 1: according to flight task, determine the display element corresponding to flight task;Step 2: each display element is sorted, and the priority of each display element is determined;Step 3: according to the order from high to low of priority, each display element is arranged in the central to the peripheral region of display instrument in turn;The central region of display instrument is the region that pilot visual line is easy to capture;Step 4: each information element is displayed by using preset simplified display mode.Pilot can master helicopter flight data information as far as possible in the best visual angle range without obstruction during flight, understand terrain data, obstacle information, etc., automatically adjust the position of should fly, pipe display, realize that flight environment and synthetic view image are coordinated, so that pilot can more accurately perceive surrounding environment, improve flight safety.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the field of helicopter cockpit display, and particularly relates to a main flight picture concise display method and device based on visual interaction. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the development of aviation technology, the flight control system of a helicopter is increasingly complex, and this complexity not only comes from the multi-function of the aircraft itself, but also from the improvement of flight environment adaptability and the diversification of task execution. The main instruments in the existing flight picture are an attitude indicator and a horizontal position indicator, and the horizontal position indicator is always in the lower part of the flight picture. When the helicopter performs a steep approach in poor visual conditions, the pilot needs to observe the landing field and the surrounding environment through the lower image of the synthetic vision, and the horizontal position indicator will block this part of the image, affecting the pilot's information acquisition and increasing the work burden. Moreover, the pilot usually needs to face a picture containing a large amount of information, including heading, altitude, speed and other basic flight data, which are presented in the form of text and scale bands. Such design is based on the traditional concept of providing as much information as possible to facilitate the pilot's decision-making.

[0003] However, with the increase in the complexity of the avionics system, the data information content also increases synchronously, which causes the problem of information overload. In an emergency or complex flight environment, the pilot needs to quickly identify and respond to key information, and information overload may cause cognitive delay. The information overload of the helicopter flight picture not only affects the cognitive efficiency of the pilot, but also may cause operation errors. According to statistics, the improper design related to flight information display is one of the reasons for flight accidents.

[0004] The synthetic vision is a three-dimensional virtual vision generated according to the position and altitude of the helicopter, using terrain data, obstacle data and airport runway data. Electronic flight instruments, flight guide symbols and terrain warning information can be displayed on the synthetic vision. Although the synthetic vision technology can make the pilot more intuitively acquire and operate information through advanced graphics and interactive elements, such as color change, graphic symbols and dynamic interaction, it also faces design challenges in the application of the main flight picture of the helicopter. The designer needs to consider how to effectively classify and display a large amount of information while ensuring that the familiarity and intuitive operation of the pilot to the system are not affected by the new technology. SUMMARY

[0005] The application provides a main flight picture concise display method and device based on visual interaction, which solves the problem that the main flight picture combined with the synthetic vision cannot meet the requirements of the pilot to observe the flight route and the surrounding environment of low-altitude flight due to flight data information overload during the execution of the task of the helicopter, thereby affecting flight safety.

[0006] The first aspect of the present application provides a simple display method of main flight picture based on visual interaction, and the steps are as follows:

[0007] Step 1: determining display elements corresponding to the flight task according to the flight task;

[0008] Step 2: sorting each display element and determining the priority of each display element;

[0009] Step 3: arranging each display element in the central to the peripheral region of the display instrument in order of high to low priority; the central region of the display instrument is the region that is easy to capture by the pilot's line of sight;

[0010] Step 4: displaying each information element by using a preset simplified display method.

[0011] Optionally, the display elements corresponding to the flight task are determined according to the flight task, and the method comprises:

[0012] When the flight task is low-altitude flight, the display elements include navigation information, attitude information, flight control mode information and obstacle information;

[0013] When the flight task is search, the display elements include target information, sensor state and map information.

[0014] Optionally, the attitude information includes a below-pipeline height indication;

[0015] The below-pipeline height indication = minimum ground clearance height - actual terrain height of the helicopter, or the below-pipeline height indication = safe pipeline altitude - altitude of the helicopter; the first threshold value is minimum ground clearance height - minimum obstacle clearance;

[0016] The minimum ground clearance height represents the minimum descent height under the condition of a certain height safety margin;

[0017] The actual terrain height of the helicopter represents the height of the helicopter from the obstacle;

[0018] The safe pipeline altitude represents the height of the safe pipeline from the reference sea level;

[0019] The altitude of the helicopter represents the height of the helicopter from the reference sea level;

[0020] The simplified display method of the below-pipeline height indication is a columnar indicator to indicate the trend that the current flight height is below the bottom edge of the pipeline, and the columnar indicator is displayed when the aircraft is below the pipeline; when the aircraft is in the pipeline or above, the columnar indicator is not displayed;

[0021] When the range of the below-pipeline height indication is 0-10m, the columnar indicator is displayed in yellow according to the height proportion;

[0022] When the pipe height indication is < 10m, the column indicators all show yellow;

[0023] When the pipe height indication is < the first threshold, the column indicators all show red.

[0024] Optionally, the attitude information includes height;

[0025] The simplified display of the height is a height scale; the height scale includes a height color column, a height reading, and a scale;

[0026] The height reading is a radio altimeter reading;

[0027] The scale range of the scale is 0-1500m, and the scale is non-uniformly marked; the lower the height, the denser the scale;

[0028] The height color column is displayed on the scale according to the height reading; when the height reading exceeds the scale range, the height color column displays the maximum scale.

[0029] Optionally, the attitude information includes the lifting speed;

[0030] The simplified display of the lifting speed is a lifting speed scale; the lifting speed scale includes a lifting speed color column, a lifting speed reading, and a scale;

[0031] The lifting speed reading is displayed in real time according to the actual value;

[0032] The scale range of the scale is -15-15m / s, including -15m / s--5m / s, -5m / s-0m / s, 0m / s-5m / s, and 5m / s-15m / s, four equal-length large intervals, and the scale is uniformly marked in each interval;

[0033] The lifting speed color column is displayed on the scale according to the lifting speed reading; when the lifting speed reading exceeds the scale range, the lifting speed color column displays the maximum scale.

[0034] Optionally, the navigation includes heading information; and the attitude information includes a roll angle;

[0035] The simplified display of the heading information is a heading indicator; the heading indicator includes a heading reading, a heading scale, and an inverted triangular indicator;

[0036] The heading scale is arc-shaped and ranges from 0-360°;

[0037] The inverted triangular indicator is fixed at the center and located outside the heading scale; the heading scale is scrolled, so that the value indicated by the inverted triangular indicator on the heading scale is the heading reading;

[0038] The simplified display mode of the roll angle is a roll symbol; the roll symbol comprises a roll scale, a white band and a right triangle indicator;

[0039] The roll scale is arc-shaped and located inside the heading scale; the scale range is ±60°, and the scale at the position of the inverted triangle indicator is 0°;

[0040] The white band is arc-shaped and located inside the heading scale; the starting point is 0°, and the ending point is the roll angle; the right triangle indicator is arranged at the ending point of the white band;

[0041] When the roll angle exceeds the scale range of the roll scale, the right triangle indicator is hollow and stays at the scale limit position;

[0042] When the roll angle exceeds the scale range of the roll scale, the roll symbol further comprises a roll angle reading, which is displayed below the right triangle indicator.

[0043] Optionally, the navigation information comprises a flight heading band, the flight heading band = [flight heading - θ, flight heading + (δ + o)];

[0044] wherein,

[0045] tan (δ) = D / L;

[0046] wherein, R is the half width; D is the drift distance; and L is the distance between two flight channels in the integrated view;

[0047] The simplified display mode of the flight heading band comprises a starting vertical line and an ending vertical line;

[0048] The starting vertical line and the ending vertical line are displayed on the heading scale.

[0049] The second aspect of the application provides a concise display device of a main flight picture based on view interaction, which is displayed by the method in any one of the first aspect.

[0050] The application has the following beneficial technical effects:

[0051] The application provides a main flight picture concise design display method based on visual interaction, which simplifies main flight page information display and automatically adjusts the flying position and pipeline display, realizes that a pilot can quickly perceive a flight environment and avoid obstacles, terrains and the like, enables the pilot to master helicopter flight data information in a best visual angle range without obstruction and understand terrain data, obstacle information and the like, automatically adjusts the flying position and pipeline display, realizes coordination between the flight environment and a synthetic visual image, and enables the pilot to more accurately perceive the surrounding environment and improve flight safety. The main flight picture information readability and operation convenience of the helicopter are improved, the cognitive load of the pilot is reduced, and the flight safety is improved. Meanwhile, the method has good universality and adaptability and can be applied to different types of helicopters and different flight tasks. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0052] Figure 1 is a geometric diagram schematic view of a flying direction band calculation formula in the application;

[0053] Figure 2 is a low-pipeline-height indicator symbol schematic view in the application;

[0054] Figure 3 is a simplified height scale band symbol schematic view in the application;

[0055] Figure 4 is a simplified lifting speed symbol schematic view in the application;

[0056] Figure 5 is a heading indicator / roll symbol schematic view in the application;

[0057] Figure 6 is a main flight picture schematic view based on visual interaction in the application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0058] The specific content of the technical solution provided by the application is introduced below in combination with the drawings.

[0059] Please refer to Figures 1-6 The application provides a main flight picture concise design display method based on visual interaction, which is characterized by the following steps.

[0060] Step 1: task demand analysis, for various flight tasks of the helicopter, detailed demand analysis is performed, and the information types most concerned by the pilot are determined, for example, navigation, attitude and system state and the like;

[0061] Step 2: Information prioritization, according to the importance and urgency of flight information, the information is divided into different levels. Key information such as self-indication, altitude, speed and heading information is given high priority and placed in the position where the pilot can easily observe, while other non-key information is arranged according to its relative importance to the current flight stage;

[0062] Step 3: Information layout design, placing high-priority information in positions where the pilot's line of sight is easily captured, such as the center or the area above the instrument panel. For secondary information, smaller fonts or icons can be used and placed in secondary positions;

[0063] Step 4: Information representation simplification, removing unnecessary complexity, using intuitive graphical interface elements instead of traditional text and scale display, dynamic graphical elements such as sliding bars and color changes can be used to represent the trend of real-time data changes, thereby reducing the pilot's time and effort to interpret information.

[0064] Exemplary, simplified information display includes the following:

[0065] a) The formula for the desired flight heading strip is:

[0066]

[0067] tan(δ)=D / L

[0068] The desired flight heading strip = [desired flight heading - θ, desired flight heading + (δ + o)].

[0069] Desired flight heading strip: calculated according to the flight tube, indicated by a relative vertical line in magenta, the range of the desired flight heading.

[0070] b) Low tube height indication:

[0071] When the current position of the aircraft is below the bottom edge of the tube, a yellow column indicator appears to indicate the trend that the current aircraft height is below the bottom edge of the tube, the color column range: 0-10m;

[0072] If the aircraft is in the tube, this indicator is not displayed.

[0073] Low tube height indication = minimum ground clearance - actual terrain height of the helicopter

[0074] or = safe tube altitude - helicopter altitude

[0075] Minimum ground clearance represents the minimum descent height under certain height safety margin conditions;

[0076] Actual terrain height of the helicopter represents the height of the helicopter from the obstacle;

[0077] Safety tube altitude represents the height of the safety tube from the reference sea level;

[0078] Helicopter altitude represents the height of the helicopter from the reference sea level;

[0079] When 0 < below tube altitude indication < 10 m, display yellow scale band in proportion to the altitude;

[0080] When below tube altitude indication ≥ 10 m, display 10 m scale band fixedly;

[0081] When below tube altitude indication > (minimum ground clearance - minimum obstacle clearance), i.e. the actual terrain height of the helicopter ≤ the minimum obstacle clearance, the below tube altitude indication is changed to a red band.

[0082] c) Simplified altitude scale band symbol is:

[0083] The altitude scale band contains the following elements: altitude color column, altitude reading, scale band.

[0084] The numerical value is fixed, and the color column rises and falls up and down,

[0085] When the radio altimeter rises from low to more than 1500 m, the numerical value is displayed actually, and the altitude color column remains at the 1500 m scale;

[0086] Large intervals, 0-100, 100-500, 500-1500; the scales are unevenly distributed, wherein 0-10 m per m, 0, 5 m, 10 m scale marks; 10-100 every 10 m; 100-500 m, every 20 m, 200 m, 300 m, 400 m, 500 m scale marks; 500-1500 m, every 50 m, 750 m, 1000 m, 1250 m, 1500 m scale marks, finally only display large intervals.

[0087] d) Simplified climb / descent speed symbol is:

[0088] The climb / descent speed scale band contains the following elements: climb / descent speed color column, climb / descent speed reading, scale band.

[0089] The display range is -15-15 m / s, and the display accuracy is 0.2 m / s. When the range exceeds the scale, the color column stays at the edge of the scale band;

[0090] The color column moves up and down on the scale band to indicate the climb / descent speed;

[0091] Large intervals, -15- -5, -5-0, 0-5, 5-15; the scales are unevenly distributed, and the 0-5 m / s scale band length is twice that of the 5-15 m / s scale band, 0-5 m / s every 1;

[0092] When the value of the lifting speed exceeds the scale range, the value is displayed as actual, and the lifting speed color column remains in the limit position;

[0093] e) The heading indicator / roll symbol is:

[0094] Current heading display: polygon, white outline, fixed display inside the heading pointer, fixed 3-bit display, high-bit zero padding when less than three bits, green characters, display accuracy 1°, indicating the current heading value;

[0095] White strip, indicating the roll trend;

[0096] White equilateral triangle, moving on the roll angle scale band, indicating the current roll angle;

[0097] Inverted triangle: fixed in the middle of the scale band;

[0098] For the heading scale band to indicate the current heading angle value, the heading scale can be scrolled, ranging from 0 to 360°;

[0099] For the roll scale band to indicate the roll 0°, the roll scale band is fixed, with positive values to the left and negative values to the right, with a value range of ±60, ±45, ±30, ±20, ±10, and 0. When it exceeds the edge of the scale band (±60°), the trend bar and the triangle (hollow) stay at the limit position, and the current roll value is displayed below the hollow triangle;

[0100] To guide the pilot to fly in the tube, the current heading value display symbol can be displayed according to the current heading value, which is located within the range of the heading band.

[0101] Step 5, space optimization, reasonable use of the space resources of the main flight display, avoiding information overload. By expanding and highlighting key information, while using smaller sizes and fading techniques to present secondary information, ensuring that the pilot can quickly identify and focus on the most important data;

[0102] Step 6, visual interaction design, the three-dimensional terrain reconstruction under the pilot's perspective is to build a navigation field of view of 40°x30° and a three-dimensional terrain scene with a viewing distance greater than or equal to 5Km from the pilot's point of view.

[0103] In the process of three-dimensional terrain reconstruction, the three-dimensional terrain data is obtained from the high-resolution database stored in advance according to the three-dimensional position of the helicopter provided by the airborne avionics data, and the three-dimensional terrain is rendered according to the attitude information of the helicopter, and finally the three-dimensional terrain under the pilot's visual angle is generated. At the same time, the three-dimensional flight pipeline is displayed on the three-dimensional terrain to visually display a forward channel for the pilot, so as to enhance the effective visual search ability of the pilot and provide the pilot with the time advance of the next action. The safety pipeline technology has the vertical guidance function and can provide the position information in the horizontal, vertical and vertical directions, and is a three-dimensional program which ensures the flight safety through the pipeline boundary.

Claims

1. A simplified display method for the main flight screen based on visual interaction, characterized in that, The steps are as follows: Step 1: Determine the display elements corresponding to the flight mission based on the flight mission; Step 2: Sort the displayed elements and determine their priority; Step 3: Arrange the display elements in the center to the surrounding area of ​​the display instrument in order of priority from high to low; The central area of ​​the display instrument is the area that the pilot can easily see; Step 4: Display each element using a preset simplified display method; The display elements corresponding to the flight mission are determined based on the flight mission, including: When the flight mission is low-altitude flight, the displayed elements include: navigation information, attitude information, flight control mode information, and obstacle information; When the flight mission is a search, the displayed elements include: target information, sensor status, and map information; Navigation includes: heading information; attitude information includes: roll angle; A simplified display of heading information is the heading indicator; the heading indicator includes the heading reading, the heading scale, and the inverted triangle indicator. The heading scale is arc-shaped and ranges from 0 to 360°. The inverted triangle indicator is fixed in the center and located outside the heading scale; the heading scale rolls so that the value indicated by the inverted triangle indicator on the heading scale is the heading reading. The simplified display of the roll angle is the roll symbol; the roll symbol includes: a roll scale, a white bar, and an equilateral triangle indicator. The roll scale is arc-shaped and located inside the heading scale. The scale range is ±60°, and the scale at the position of the inverted triangle indicator is 0 degrees. The white strip is arc-shaped and located inside the heading scale. It starts at 0 degrees and ends at the roll angle. An equilateral triangle indicator is placed at the end of the white strip. When the roll angle exceeds the range of the roll scale, the equilateral triangle indicator becomes hollow and stops at the scale limit position; When the roll angle exceeds the range of the roll scale, the roll symbol also includes the roll angle reading, which is displayed below the equilateral triangle indicator. Navigation information includes the expected heading, which is defined as [expected heading - θ, expected heading + (δ + σ)]; in, tan(δ) = D / L; Where R is half-width; D is yaw distance; and L is the distance between the two flight tubes in the integrated view. The simplified display method of the flight heading strip includes a starting vertical line and an ending vertical line; The starting and ending vertical lines are displayed on the heading scale.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Attitude information includes a lower than pipe height indication; Below the pipe height indication = minimum ground clearance - actual terrain height of helicopter, or, below the pipe height indication = safe pipe altitude - helicopter altitude; the first threshold is minimum ground clearance - minimum obstacle clearance margin. Minimum ground clearance refers to the lowest possible depth under certain height safety tolerance conditions; The actual terrain elevation of the helicopter indicates the height of the helicopter above the obstacle. The elevation of a safety pipeline indicates its height above the reference sea level. Helicopter altitude indicates the height of the helicopter above a reference sea level; A simplified display of the lower-than-pipe height indicator is a bar indicator, which indicates the current flight altitude trend below the bottom edge of the pipe. The bar indicator is displayed when the helicopter is below the pipe; it is not displayed when the helicopter is inside or above the pipe. When the distance below the pipe height indicator is between 0 and 10m, the bar indicator will display yellow according to the height ratio. When the height of the pipe is ≥10m below the pipe height indicator, all bar indicators will display yellow; When the height is below the pipe height indicator but above the first threshold, all bar indicators will be displayed in red.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Attitude information includes altitude; The simplified display of altitude is an altitude scale; the altitude scale includes: altitude color bars, altitude readings, and scale markings; The altitude reading is the radio altimeter reading; The range of the scale is 0 to 1500m, and the scale markings are not uniformly set, with the scales being denser at lower elevations. The scale displays the height reading in color. When the height reading exceeds the scale range, the height bar displays the maximum scale value.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Attitude information includes lift and drop rates; The simplified display method for acceleration and deceleration speed is an acceleration and deceleration speed scale; The acceleration / deceleration speed scale includes: acceleration / deceleration speed color bars, acceleration / deceleration speed readings, and scale markings; The acceleration and deceleration speed readings are displayed in real time according to the actual values. The range of the scale is -15 to 15 m / s, including four large intervals of equal length: -15 m / s to -5 m / s, -5 m / s to 0 m / s, 0 m / s to 5 m / s, and 5 m / s to 15 m / s. The scale markings are evenly distributed within each interval. The scale displays the lifting speed reading in color bars. When the lifting speed reading exceeds the scale range, the lifting speed reading displays the maximum scale value.

5. A simplified display device for the main flight screen based on visual interaction, characterized in that, The display is performed using the method described in any one of claims 1-4.

Images