A deep tunnel vertical shaft water drop and sediment movement simulation experimental device and method

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of simulation experimental devices, and specifically to a deep tunnel vertical shaft water drop and sediment movement simulation experimental device and method. The experimental device includes a water storage tank equipped with a water pump, and also includes an eddy current component, which is conductively installed with the water storage tank; the vertical shaft component includes a vertical shaft body with a semi-cylindrical pier and an energy dissipation cone installed at the bottom end thereof, and the eddy current component is arranged at the top end of the vertical shaft body and aligned with the center of the energy dissipation cone; a transparent sedimentation tube, which is conductively installed at the bottom end of the vertical shaft body and conductively connected to a sampling tank at the end thereof; and an organic glass tube, which is conductively installed between the sampling tank and the water storage tank, and between the water storage tank and the eddy current component. The deep tunnel vertical shaft water drop and sediment movement simulation experimental device and method can simulate a deep tunnel environment, can analyze and simulate different deep tunnel environments by controlling experimental conditions, reduce experimental costs and safety risks, and are of great significance to deep tunnel engineering design and risk assessment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of simulation experiment devices, and in particular to a deep tunnel vertical shaft water drop and sediment movement simulation experiment device and method. Background Art

[0002] Currently, research on urban drainage pipelines focuses on shallow pipeline hydraulics and gas production caused by water quality changes. However, there is a relative lack of operating experience in long-distance deep sewage tunnels. Therefore, studying the characteristics of sediments in tunnels is also of great significance.

[0003] Deep drainage tunnels (abbreviated as deep tunnels) are large drainage tunnels buried deep underground (generally 30m below the ground) and are different from conventional shallow underground drainage pipes. They are generally 3-10m in diameter. There are some risk points in the operation of deep tunnels, including vertical shaft drops and suspended matter deposition causing blockage of the tunnel shaft. However, due to the construction and operation characteristics of deep tunnels, it is difficult to conduct experiments in actual environments. Therefore, an experimental device is made based on the deep tunnel as a prototype, and a physical experimental model based on hydrodynamic similarity is designed to make up for the deficiency of the existing prototype environment that cannot be tested. This is to facilitate the simulation of the sewage transmission process in the deep tunnel during deep tunnel engineering, so as to predict the engineering design and risk assessment of the deep tunnel. In view of this, we propose an experimental device and method for simulating vertical shaft drops and sediment movement in deep tunnels. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the deficiencies mentioned in the above background technology and to provide a deep tunnel vertical shaft water drop and sediment movement simulation experimental device and method.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] A deep tunnel vertical shaft water drop and sediment movement simulation experimental device includes a water storage tank equipped with a water pump, and also includes:

[0007] A vortex component is installed in communication with the water storage tank and is used to make the water flow form a vortex flow state;

[0008] A shaft assembly includes a shaft body with a semi-cylindrical buttress and an energy dissipation cone installed at the bottom end thereof, wherein the vortex assembly is arranged at the top end of the shaft body and aligned with the center of the energy dissipation cone;

[0009] A transparent deposition tube is conductively installed at the bottom end of the shaft body, and the end thereof is conductively connected to a sampling tank;

[0010] The organic glass tube is installed between the sampling tank and the water storage tank, and between the water storage tank and the vortex component.

[0011] Preferably, the vortex component includes a vortex flow channel cavity provided with an inlet culvert and used for receiving water flow, and a swirl vertical cylinder is conductively connected to the bottom of the vortex flow channel cavity.

[0012] Preferably, a planar spiral structure for causing the water flow to form a vortex flow state is provided in the vortex flow channel cavity;

[0013] After the water flows through the vortex flow channel cavity, it flows downward along the vortex vertical cylinder in a vertical spiral shape.

[0014] Preferably, the transparent sedimentation tube is provided with a sand throwing port, and the sand throwing port is used to throw sediment.

[0015] Preferably, an overflow gate with adjustable height is installed in the sampling tank, and a sampling branch pipe for sampling is provided at the bottom of the sampling tank.

[0016] Preferably, a monitoring assembly is installed in the experimental device, and the monitoring assembly includes a flow meter and a pressure sensor installed on the cyclone vertical cylinder, the shaft body, the transparent sedimentation tube and the organic glass tube, and a gravity sensor installed on the energy dissipation cone;

[0017] High-speed cameras are installed outside the vertical shaft body, the transparent deposition tube and the organic glass tube.

[0018] An experimental method for deep tunnel vertical shaft water drop and sediment movement, the specific steps of the experimental method are:

[0019] Step 1: Build the device, using the deep tunnel as a prototype, set up the pipelines in series, and set the geometric scale where l p is the geometric size of the deep tunnel prototype, l m is the geometric dimensions of the experimental device model;

[0020] Step 2: Set flow rate and velocity parameters, and set the velocity scale where v p is the prototype flow velocity in the deep tunnel, v m is the flow rate of the experimental device model; Q p is the prototype flow rate of the deep tunnel, Q m The flow rate of the experimental device model is converted to maintain the flow pattern consistency between the flow rate and velocity parameters of the experimental device and the prototype deep tunnel;

[0021] Step 3: The sewage fills the water tank and flows into the vortex assembly through a water pump. After swirling through the vortex flow channel cavity, it falls into the vertical shaft body. Due to the height difference, it flows into the transparent sedimentation tube and organic glass tube, and returns to the water storage tank. This is used to study the flow pattern of the deep tunnel vertical shaft drop and the initiation law of sediment scouring.

[0022] Step 4: Analyze the data, record the changes in sediment thickness under flow rate and the waterfall flow state, derive the relationship between sediment thickness and flow rate, and obtain the critical starting flow rate; by sampling water at the branch pipe, analyze the impact of different water flow rates on the sediment occurrence morphology and the impact of different water flow shear forces on the sediment erosion particle size.

[0023] Preferably, the experimental method is used to study the flow pattern of vertical well waterfall and the law of sediment scouring initiation;

[0024] The specific steps of the experimental method for studying the flow pattern of vertical shaft water drop are as follows:

[0025] Step 1: Fill the water tank with water, turn on the water pump in the water tank, lift the water to the inlet culvert, and flow into the vortex flow channel cavity;

[0026] Step 2: After passing through the vortex flow channel cavity, the water flows through the vortex vertical cylinder to form a wall-adhering vortex, and finally falls into the vertical shaft body;

[0027] Step 3: Change the flow rate and keep each group stable for at least 1 minute before collecting data;

[0028] Step 4: After stabilization, use a high-speed camera to record close-ups of the water flow as it passes through the vortex assembly and falls into the energy dissipation cone, as well as a close-up of the flow as it flows out of the shaft body and into the transparent sedimentation tube;

[0029] Step 5: Record the data from each sensor, create a model of the relationship between pressure and flow rate, or pressure and flow rate, and use the waterfall flow pattern recorded by a high-speed camera to study the gas-liquid separation effect, stress conditions, and aeration conditions of the vortex water flow, and establish a corresponding mathematical model.

[0030] Preferably, the specific steps of the experimental method for studying the initiation law of sediment scouring are:

[0031] Step 1: Reduction sediment characteristics test Before flushing, the sediment particle size distribution in the reduction sedimentation experiment was laid in a transparent sedimentation tube and incubated for 60-120 days;

[0032] Step 2: Regulate the flow rate, gradually increase the water flow rate in the pipeline, and keep it constant after reaching the test flow rate;

[0033] Step 3: Set up the prepared high-speed camera at the transparent sedimentation tube and record the entire process of sediment initiation and scouring, as well as the changes in sediment thickness at different flow rates to obtain the critical initiation flow rate;

[0034] Step 4: When the sediment begins to scour, the data from each sensor is recorded, and the high-speed camera (11) records the sediment thickness, the scouring conditions of the sediment samples, and the scouring rates of different experimental samples are calculated;

[0035] Step 5: Collect the washed sediment from the sampling branch pipe and test its particle size and pollutants.

[0036] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0037] 1. This deep tunnel vertical shaft water drop and sediment movement simulation experimental device and method can simulate the pressurized flow environment of deep tunnel pipelines. By controlling the experimental conditions, it can analyze and simulate different deep tunnel environments, reducing experimental costs and safety risks.

[0038] 2. The shaft drop physical model of this application can simulate the flow field structure in a refined manner, providing verification and calibration for the computational fluid dynamics model, thus overcoming the shortcomings of the fluid dynamics model in terms of high computational resource consumption and limited engineering application.

[0039] 3. This experimental method can provide data support for deep tunnel dredging and sediment pollution, and can help predict possible phenomena that may occur under different conditions in deep tunnels. It is of great significance to deep tunnel engineering design and risk assessment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0040] The accompanying drawings, which constitute part of this application, are intended to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are intended to explain the present invention and do not constitute an undue limitation of the present invention. In the accompanying drawings:

[0041] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the local installation relationship of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 3 A top view of the eddy current assembly of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of the eddy current component of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 5 This is a diagram showing the installation relationship between the eddy current assembly and the shaft assembly of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 6 This is a schematic structural diagram of the sampling tank of the present invention.

[0047] The meaning of each number in the figure is:

[0048] 1. Eddy current assembly; 101. Eddy current flow channel cavity; 102. Inlet culvert; 103. Swirl shaft; 2. Shaft assembly; 21. Semi-cylindrical pier; 22. Shaft body; 23. Energy dissipation cone; 3. Water storage tank; 4. Water pump; 5. Transparent sedimentation tube; 51. Sand injection port; 6. Plexiglas tube; 7. Sampling tank; 71. Overflow gate; 72. Sampling branch pipe; 8. Gravity sensor; 9. Flow meter; 10. Pressure sensor; 11. High-speed camera. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0049] The following will be combined with the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. In the absence of conflict, the embodiments in this application and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0050] See also Figure 1-6 The present invention describes the above technical solution in detail through the following embodiments:

[0051] A deep tunnel vertical shaft water drop and sediment movement simulation experimental device, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 The structure shown specifically includes a water storage tank 3 equipped with a water pump 4, and further includes:

[0052] The vortex component 1 is connected to the water tank 3 and is used to make the water flow form a vortex flow state. Figure 1 and Figure 3 、 Figure 4 As shown in the structure, the vortex assembly 1 of this embodiment includes a vortex flow channel chamber 101 provided with an inlet culvert 102 for receiving the water flow, and a vortex vertical cylinder 103 is connected to the bottom of the vortex flow channel chamber 101. A planar spiral structure for forming a vortex flow state in the vortex flow channel chamber 101 is provided. The water flow will be transported to the inlet culvert 102 through the water pump 4, and after passing through the vortex flow channel chamber 101, it will flow downward along the vortex vertical cylinder 103 in a vertical spiral water flow.

[0053] In order to study the flow pattern of the deep tunnel shaft water drop, a shaft component 2 is provided, such as Figure 1 and Figure 5 The structure shown specifically includes a shaft body 22 with a semi-cylindrical pier 21 and an energy dissipation cone 23 installed at the bottom end. The vortex assembly 1 is arranged at the top end of the shaft body 22 and aligned with the center of the energy dissipation cone 23, so that the water flow can fall through the vortex vertical cylinder 103 and hit the energy dissipation cone 23 in the center, realizing a water drop simulation action.

[0054] It should be noted that in order to form a circular circulation structure, there is a Figure 1 The transparent deposition tube 5 and the organic glass tube 6 shown in FIG. Figure 1 The installation relationship shown forms a conductive loop, and a sampling tank 7 is conductively connected to the end of the transparent sedimentation tube 5 to facilitate the removal of water samples. In order to simulate the movement law of sediment, a sand injection port 51 for injecting sediment is provided in the transparent sedimentation tube 5. It should be noted that in order to restore the sediment characteristics before flushing and restore the sediment particle size distribution in the sedimentation experiment, in this embodiment, the sediment is laid in the transparent sedimentation tube 5 and cultured for 90 days to obtain a sedimentation effect.

[0055] It should be noted that the experimental device structure is as follows Figure 1 As shown, the pipeline is transparent, which makes it easy to observe the internal environment. Figure 2 As shown, a monitoring component is installed, which includes a flow meter 9 and a pressure sensor 10 installed on the cyclone vertical cylinder 103, the shaft body 22, the transparent sedimentation tube 5 and the organic glass tube 6, and a gravity sensor 8 installed on the energy dissipation cone 23. A high-speed camera 11 is installed on the outside of the shaft body 22, the transparent sedimentation tube 5 and the organic glass tube 6, mainly to collect water flow experimental data; the pressure sensor 10 is a water-gas dual-purpose sensor with a range of 1-10kPa, which is used to monitor the pressure changes in the shaft water drop process and the sedimentation research experiment to ensure the stability of water flow and water pressure. The gravity sensor 8 is used to measure the force of the water flow falling to the cone after the cyclone, and is used to monitor the degree of water flow fragmentation; the flow meter 9 adopts an electromagnetic flowmeter, and its measurement range is 0.005-10m 3 / s, with an accuracy of 0.3, and is used to record flow velocity in the pipeline. High-speed camera 11 is used to capture images of flow regime changes during the vertical drop process and to capture images of sediment particles moving and suspended under the impact of water flow during the sedimentation study.

[0056] The experimental method for the deep tunnel vertical shaft water drop and sediment movement in this embodiment comprises the following specific steps:

[0057] First, build the device. This embodiment uses the Dadong Lake sewage deep tunnel structure as a prototype and sets the geometric scale. l p is the geometric size of the deep tunnel prototype, l m The geometric dimensions of the experimental device model are set up with pipelines in series.

[0058] Then set the flow and velocity parameters according to the velocity scale where v p is the prototype flow velocity in the deep tunnel, v m is the flow rate of the experimental device model; Q p is the prototype flow rate of the deep tunnel, Q mThe flow rate of the experimental device model is converted to maintain the flow state consistency between the flow rate and velocity parameters of the experimental device and the prototype deep tunnel.

[0059] Then the water tank is filled with sewage, which flows into the vortex component 1 through the water pump 4, swirls through the vortex flow channel cavity 101 and falls into the vertical shaft body 22, flows into the transparent sedimentation tube 5 and the organic glass tube 6 through the height difference, and returns to the water storage tank 3, completing the deep tunnel flow state simulation, which is used to study the deep tunnel vertical shaft water drop flow state and the sediment scouring starting law.

[0060] Finally, the data is analyzed, and the changes in sediment thickness under flow rate and the waterfall flow state are recorded to obtain the relationship between sediment thickness and flow rate, and the critical starting flow rate is obtained; an overflow gate 71 is installed in the sampling tank 7, and a sampling branch pipe 72 for sampling is provided on the sampling tank 7. Through the water samples at the sampling branch pipe 72, the influence of different water flow rates on the sediment occurrence morphology and the influence of sediment erosion particle size under different water flow shear forces are analyzed.

[0061] It should be noted that the specific experimental method of the experimental device includes two aspects, namely, it is used to study the flow state of the vertical shaft waterfall and the starting law of sediment scouring; the specific steps in studying the flow state of the vertical shaft waterfall are: first, fill the water tank 3 with water, turn on the water pump 4 in the water tank 3, lift the water to the inlet culvert 102, and flow into the vortex flow channel cavity 101; after the water flows through the vortex flow channel cavity 101, the water flows through the vortex vertical cylinder 103 to form a wall-adhering vortex, and finally the waterfall enters the vertical shaft body 22; change the flow rate, keep each group stable for at least 1 minute and then collect data; after stabilization, use the high-speed camera 11 to record the close-up of the flow state of the water after passing through the vortex component 1 and falling to the energy dissipation cone 23, as well as the outflow from the vertical shaft body 22 to the transparent sedimentation tube 5 flow state close-up; the relationship between different flow rates and waterfall flow states can be simulated, and there are two result analyses. One is to make a model diagram of the relationship between pressure and flow rate / flow by collecting data from the pressure sensor 10 and the gravity sensor 8 of the shaft body 22; the other is to study the vertical falling water flow breakup process in the air through image analysis technology in conjunction with the waterfall flow state recorded by the high-speed camera 11, and to study the gas-liquid separation effect, stress condition and aeration condition of the vortex water flow, and to establish a corresponding mathematical model; it can understand the gas-liquid separation effect, pool body stress condition and aeration condition of the vortex inlet shaft; at the same time, it can understand the aeration condition at the bottom of the shaft, because aeration will destroy the pressurized anaerobic environment of the pipeline and may have an impact on the biochemistry of the sediment.

[0062] The specific steps of this embodiment in studying the sediment scouring initiation law are as follows:

[0063] First, before the sediment characteristics test is restored, the sediment particle size distribution in the sedimentation experiment is restored, and the sediment is laid in the transparent sedimentation tube 5 for cultivation for 90 days; the flow rate is adjusted, and the water flow rate in the pipeline is gradually increased, and it is kept constant after reaching the test flow rate; the prepared high-speed camera 11 is set up at the transparent sedimentation tube 5, and the high-speed camera 11 shoots and records the entire process of sediment start-up scouring, and records the changes in sediment thickness under different flow rates to obtain the critical starting flow rate; when the sediment appears to be in a scouring start-up state, the data of each sensor and the scouring conditions of the sediment samples are recorded, the scouring rates of different experimental samples are calculated, and the sediments scoured out are collected from the sampling branch pipe 72 to detect their particle size and the presence of pollutants. ; Specifically, the experiment has two results to analyze. One is the relationship between sediment thickness and flow rate. The high-speed camera 11 can record the change in sediment thickness at different flow rates to obtain the critical starting flow rate. The other is to analyze the water samples of the sampling branch pipe 72 to obtain the influence of different water flow rates on the occurrence form of sediment pollutants and the influence on the sediment scouring particle size. The purpose of its experimental research can be used to prevent and control the siltation during the transmission of sewage in deep tunnels. For example, if sewage is silted up in a deep tunnel and is not cleaned for a long time, on the one hand, it will affect the sewage transmission capacity, and on the other hand, it may promote the acidification of sewage in the deep tunnel, corrode the tunnel, cause cavitation and even explosion. The prototype of the Dadong Lake deep tunnel in this embodiment has a COD of 200-300 mg / L and suspended solids of about 150 mg / L. The long-distance transmission time in the tunnel exceeds 7 hours and is always in an anaerobic environment. If there is siltation, it will provide a complex microenvironment for microorganisms, and the sticky extracellular polymers produced will significantly increase the anti-scouring ability of the sediment. Therefore, the above two experimental contents can be combined to simulate the water flow environment of the prototype.

[0064] It should be noted that if the embodiments of the present invention involve directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.), the directional indications are only used to explain the relative position relationship, movement status, etc. between the components under a certain specific posture. If the specific posture changes, the directional indications will also change accordingly.

[0065] In addition, if the embodiments of the present invention include descriptions of "first," "second," etc., such descriptions are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, features specified as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of such features.

[0066] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above and that the invention can be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered in all respects as illustrative and non-restrictive, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description, and it is intended that all variations that come within the meaning and range of equivalents of the claims be embraced therein.

Claims

1. A deep tunnel vertical shaft water drop and sediment movement simulation experimental device, comprising a water storage tank (3) equipped with a water pump (4), characterized in that: Also includes: A vortex component (1) is installed in communication with the water storage tank (3) and is used to form a vortex flow state of the water flow; A shaft assembly (2) comprises a shaft body (22) with a semi-cylindrical buttress (21) and an energy dissipation cone (23) mounted at the inner bottom end, wherein the vortex assembly (1) is arranged at the inner top end of the shaft body (22) and aligned with the center of the energy dissipation cone (23); A transparent deposition tube (5) is conductively mounted at the bottom end of the vertical shaft body (22), and the end thereof is conductively connected to a sampling tank (7); The organic glass tube (6) is installed between the sampling tank (7) and the water storage tank (3), and between the water storage tank (3) and the eddy current component (1).

2. The deep tunnel vertical shaft water drop and sediment movement simulation experimental device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vortex assembly (1) comprises a vortex flow channel cavity (101) provided with an inlet culvert (102) and used for receiving water flow, and a swirl vertical cylinder (103) is conductively connected below the vortex flow channel cavity (101).

3. The deep tunnel vertical shaft water drop and sediment movement simulation experimental device according to claim 2, characterized in that: A planar spiral structure for causing the water flow to form a vortex flow state is provided in the vortex flow channel cavity (101); After the water flows through the vortex flow channel cavity (101), it flows downward along the vortex vertical cylinder (103) in a vertical spiral flow.

4. The deep tunnel vertical shaft water drop and sediment movement simulation experimental device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The transparent sedimentation tube (5) is provided with a sand throwing port (51), and the sand throwing port (51) is used for throwing sediment.

5. The deep tunnel vertical shaft water drop and sediment movement simulation experimental device according to claim 4, characterized in that: An overflow gate (71) with adjustable height is installed in the sampling tank (7), and a sampling branch pipe (72) for sampling is provided at the bottom of the sampling tank (7).

6. The deep tunnel vertical shaft water drop and sediment movement simulation experimental device according to claim 2, characterized in that: A monitoring assembly is installed in the experimental device, and the monitoring assembly includes a flow meter (9) and a pressure sensor (10) installed on the cyclone vertical cylinder (103), the vertical shaft body (22), the transparent deposition tube (5) and the organic glass tube (6), and a gravity sensor (8) installed on the energy dissipation cone (23); A high-speed camera (11) is mounted outside the shaft body (22), the transparent deposition tube (5) and the organic glass tube (6).

7. A method for simulating water drop and sediment movement in a deep tunnel shaft, suitable for the experimental device for simulating water drop and sediment movement in a deep tunnel shaft according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The specific steps of the experimental method are: Step 1: Build the device, using the deep tunnel as a prototype, set up the pipelines in series, and set the geometric scale where l p is the geometric size of the deep tunnel prototype, l m is the geometric dimensions of the experimental device model; Step 2: Set flow rate and velocity parameters, and set the velocity scale where v p is the prototype flow velocity in the deep tunnel, v m is the flow rate of the experimental device model; Q p is the prototype flow rate of the deep tunnel, Q m The flow rate of the experimental device model is converted to maintain the flow pattern consistency between the flow rate and velocity parameters of the experimental device and the prototype deep tunnel; Step 3: The sewage fills the water tank, flows into the vortex assembly (1) through the water pump (4), and falls into the shaft body (22) after swirling through the vortex flow channel cavity (101). It flows into the transparent sedimentation tube (5) and the organic glass tube (6) due to the height difference and returns to the water storage tank (3). It is used to study the flow pattern of the deep tunnel shaft drop and the sediment scouring initiation law; Step 4: Analyze the data, record the changes in sediment thickness under flow rate and the flow state of the waterfall, derive the relationship between sediment thickness and flow rate, and obtain the critical starting flow rate; by sampling water samples at the sampling branch pipe (72), analyze the influence of different water flow rates on the sediment occurrence morphology and the influence of sediment erosion particle size under different water flow shear forces.

8. The experimental method for deep tunnel vertical drop and sediment movement according to claim 7, characterized in that: The experimental method is used to study the flow pattern of vertical drop water and the initiation law of sediment scouring; The specific steps of the experimental method for studying the flow pattern of vertical shaft water drop are as follows: Step 1: Fill the water storage tank (3) with water, start the water pump (4) in the water storage tank (3), and lift the water to the inlet culvert (102) and flow into the vortex flow channel cavity (101); Step 2: After the water flows through the vortex flow channel cavity (101), it passes through the vortex vertical cylinder (103) to form a wall-attached vortex flow, and finally falls into the vertical shaft body (22); Step 3: Change the flow rate and keep each group stable for at least 1 minute before collecting data; Step 4: After stabilization, use a high-speed camera (11) to record a close-up of the flow of water after passing through the vortex component (1) and falling to the energy dissipation cone (23), as well as a close-up of the flow of water from the shaft body (22) to the transparent sedimentation tube (5); Step 5: Record the data of each sensor, make a pressure and flow rate, or pressure and flow relationship model, and use the waterfall flow state recorded by the high-speed camera (11) to study the gas-liquid separation effect, stress conditions and aeration conditions of the vortex water flow, and establish a corresponding mathematical model.

9. The experimental method for measuring water drop and sediment movement in a deep tunnel shaft according to any one of claims 7 or 8, characterized in that: The specific steps of the experimental method for studying the initiation law of sediment scouring are as follows: Step 1: Reduction sediment characteristics test Before flushing, the sediment particle size distribution in the reduction sedimentation experiment was laid in a transparent sedimentation tube (5) and cultured for 60-120 days; Step 2: Regulate the flow rate, gradually increase the water flow rate in the pipeline, and keep it constant after reaching the test flow rate; Step 3: The prepared high-speed camera (11) is set up at the transparent sedimentation tube (5), and the high-speed camera (11) shoots and records the entire process of sediment initiation and scouring, and records the change of sediment thickness under different flow rates to obtain the critical initiation flow rate; Step 4: When the sediment begins to scour, the data from each sensor is recorded, and the high-speed camera (11) records the sediment thickness, the scouring conditions of the sediment samples, and the scouring rates of different experimental samples are calculated; Step 5: Collect the washed sediment from the sampling branch pipe (72) and detect its particle size and pollutants.

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