Forest standing tree lightning current characteristic test system and lightning current characteristic test and analysis method

Abstract

The invention discloses a forest stumpage lightning current characteristic test system and a lightning current characteristic test and analysis method. The test system comprises a lightning pulse current source, a forest stumpage, a clamping mechanism and a lightning current control and electrical parameter measurement and analysis unit. Regional division and segmentation are carried out on forest standing trees with approximately same structures, lightning current tests are carried out on forest standing tree modules with radial and axial structures under the action of lightning current, and association between dynamic electrical characteristics of the forest standing tree modules and factors such as moisture content, temperature and humidity under different lightning current injection modes is obtained. A forest standing tree module lightning current characteristic database simulating forest lightning fire characteristics of different regional characteristics is formed, meanwhile, a forest standing tree complex topology circuit network is established, a forest standing tree lightning conduction mechanism is explained, and a foundation is laid for multi-physics field modeling of forest combustible lightning stroke and research of a lightning fire mechanism and a prediction algorithm.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a test method for forest lightning fire characteristics, and in particular to a forest standing tree lightning current characteristics test system and a lightning current characteristics test and analysis method. Background Art

[0002] With global warming and the increase in extreme weather, lightning activities are frequent and the frequency of lightning fires has increased significantly, which not only seriously damages forest resources and the ecological environment, but also poses great harm to people's lives, property and public safety, and poses a huge threat to the sustainable development of the national economy and ecological security. In the past 10 years, the proportion of lightning fires in major forest fires in my country has increased from 5% to more than 60%. The cause mechanism of lightning fires is complex, and it is difficult to monitor and detect, and difficult to extinguish and deal with. The monitoring, early warning and prevention and control of lightning fires have become a global problem.

[0003] Lightning is a multiple continuous time-series discharge process. In the process of multiple lightning strikes, the first lightning component plays a vital role, involving the attachment process of lightning strikes to forest vegetation, forest standing trees and other combustibles, which directly affects the lightning current characteristics of vegetation, forest standing trees, humus layers and other combustibles, and is of great significance for the theoretical study of forest lightning smoldering or ignition mechanisms. Existing research on lightning fires is mainly based on the establishment of prediction models based on historical lightning fire data, and the probability and area of ​​lightning fires are predicted based on meteorological conditions and forest conditions. There are very few research literature reports on the generation and development of lightning fires based on the physical process or mechanism of lightning attachment to forest combustibles and lightning current. Therefore, it is difficult to guarantee the accuracy of existing prediction models for lightning warnings. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention aims to provide a lightning current characteristics test system for standing forest trees and a lightning current characteristics test and analysis method, so as to obtain the correlation between the dynamic characteristics of standing forest trees under lightning strikes and the climate environment, the lightning current action mode and the electrical parameters, and provide the dynamic characteristics distribution law of combustible standing forest trees for the multi-physical field modeling and calculation of the smoldering and ignition mechanisms caused by lightning strikes on standing forest trees.

[0005] The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0006] A forest standing tree lightning current characteristic test system, comprising a lightning pulse current source, a forest standing tree, a clamping mechanism, a lightning current control and an electrical parameter measurement and analysis unit;

[0007] The lightning pulse current source includes a controllable high-voltage DC charging power supply and a lightning pulse current generating unit. The charging voltage of the lightning pulse current generating unit by the controllable high-voltage DC charging power supply is monitored by a charging voltage monitoring sensor, and the charging voltage analog quantity is transmitted to the control unit of the lightning current control and its electrical parameter measurement and analysis unit;

[0008] The forest standing trees are installed and fixed by a clamping mechanism, the clamping mechanism includes a high-voltage electrode HV and a low-voltage electrode LV, and the forest standing tree module is installed between the high-voltage electrode HV and the low-voltage electrode LV according to axial injection and radial injection of lightning current, wherein the high-voltage electrode HV is electrically connected to the output high-voltage port of the lightning pulse current generating unit, and the low-voltage electrode LV is electrically connected to the low-voltage port of the lightning pulse current generating unit;

[0009] The lightning current control and electrical parameter measurement and analysis unit realize the control of the forest standing tree lightning current test and the measurement and analysis of the electrical parameters of the lightning pulse current, and include a control unit 31 and a lightning pulse current measurement and analysis unit control circuit.

[0010] Furthermore, the controllable high-voltage DC charging power supply is composed of an electronically controlled voltage regulator T1, a transformer T2, a voltage-doubling capacitor C B , rectifier silicon stacks D1 and D2 and a current limiting resistor Rc; the lightning pulse current generating unit is composed of a pulse energy storage capacitor C, a high-voltage discharge switch G, a waveform forming inductor L and a resistor R in series, and the forest standing trees to be tested and their clamping mechanisms are connected in series in the loop of the energy storage capacitor, the discharge switch, the waveform forming inductor and the resistor.

[0011] Furthermore, the clamping mechanism includes a metal plate and a quadrilateral movable clamp with adjustable clamping size installed on the metal plate, the movable clamp is composed of four baffles connected by bolts, and the wire electrically connecting the low-voltage electrode LV to the low-voltage output port of the lightning pulse current generating unit is covered with a current induction coil L1 for measuring the lightning current flowing through the forest standing trees, which is used to measure the lightning current waveform flowing through the forest standing tree module specimen.

[0012] Furthermore, the high voltage electrode HV is a rectangular, square or circular electrode having a shape matching the end face of the forest tree specimen, and the low voltage electrode LV is a metal electrode having the same structure and size as the high voltage electrode HV.

[0013] Further, the control unit includes a charging voltage monitoring circuit, a programmable controller and its related control circuits;

[0014] The charging voltage monitoring circuit receives the signal transmitted by the charging voltage monitoring sensor, and after being processed by the programmable controller and its related control circuit, outputs a control signal to the programmable controller and its related control circuit to control the discharge of the discharge switch of the lightning pulse current generating unit; the programmable controller and its related control circuit are also combined with the industrial control computer of the lightning pulse current measurement and analysis unit control circuit to control the connection / disconnection, high voltage rise / drop and discharge control of the discharge switch G of the charging process of the forest standing tree lightning current characteristic test, so as to realize automatic control of the forest standing tree lightning current characteristic test process.

[0015] Further, the lightning pulse current measurement and analysis unit control circuit includes a pulse current sensor, a pulse voltage sensor, a digital oscilloscope and an industrial control computer;

[0016] The pulse current sensor, pulse voltage sensor and digital oscilloscope are combined to obtain the dynamic impedance characteristics of the forest standing tree sample under the action of lightning current according to the current flowing through the forest standing tree module sample and the voltage at both ends; the industrial control computer processes and analyzes the data transmitted by the digital oscilloscope to obtain the correlation between the dynamic impedance characteristics of the forest standing tree module and the moisture content, environmental temperature and humidity, and lightning current electrical parameters.

[0017] A method for testing and analyzing the lightning current diversion characteristics of forest standing trees, comprising the following steps:

[0018] (1) Sample selection and processing: Prepare forest standing tree module samples with different moisture content, temperature and humidity, and process radial and axial forest standing tree module samples;

[0019] (2) Select the forest standing tree module sample S1 with the first moisture content for testing;

[0020] 1) Connect the test sample to the output end of the lightning pulse current generating unit, apply lightning current pulses with different peak values ​​to the forest standing tree module in radial and axial directions, and measure the lightning current characteristic data of the forest standing tree module through a pulse current sensor, a pulse voltage sensor, an oscilloscope and a computer;

[0021] 2) Changing the discharge voltage of the pulse current generating unit, the pulse current generating unit outputs the preset first discharge current point I1, and recording the voltage U1 at both ends of the forest standing module; changing the charging voltage of the controllable high-voltage DC charging power supply to the energy storage capacitor of the pulse current generating unit until the pulse current generating unit outputs the preset current point data Im, and obtaining the lightning current data Im and impulse voltage data Um of the forest standing module;

[0022] 3) Analyze the lightning current data I1, I2, ..., Im and impulse voltage data U1, U2, ..., Um of the forest standing tree module to obtain the lightning dynamic characteristics of the forest standing tree module under the set moisture content;

[0023] 4) Select the next forest standing tree module sample with different moisture content, and repeat steps 1) to 3) until the lightning dynamic characteristics test of all samples with different moisture content is completed;

[0024] (3) Repeat the above test process for forest standing tree module samples with different temperatures and humidities. If there are other influencing factors such as air pressure, repeat the above steps 1) to 3) to obtain the lightning dynamic characteristics of forest standing tree modules with different temperatures and humidities;

[0025] (4) Conduct statistical analysis on the lightning current test data of all forest tree modules, establish a forest tree topological circuit network, and explain the mechanism of lightning conduction in forest trees. At the same time, obtain the relationship between the lightning characteristics of forest trees and the moisture content of forest tree specimens and the temperature and humidity of forest trees, and form a forest tree lightning current database and characteristic laws.

[0026] The present invention focuses on the lightning current characteristics of lightning-struck forest trees, a forest tree lightning current characteristics test system, and a lightning current characteristics test and analysis method. By dividing and segmenting forest trees with approximately the same structure into regions, lightning current tests are performed on radial and axial forest tree modules under the action of lightning current, and the correlation between the dynamic electrical characteristics of the forest tree modules under different lightning current injection modes and factors such as moisture content, temperature and humidity is obtained, forming a forest tree module lightning current characteristics database that simulates the characteristics of forest lightning fires with different regional characteristics. At the same time, a complex topological circuit network of forest trees is established, and the mechanism of lightning conduction of forest trees is explained, laying a foundation for the research on multi-physics field modeling of lightning strikes on forest combustibles, lightning fire mechanisms and prediction algorithms. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 It is a structural block diagram of the lightning current characteristic test system of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 The circuit principle block diagram of the lightning current characteristic test system of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 3 It is a forest standing tree module test piece and a lightning characteristics test clamping mechanism of the present invention;

[0030] Among them, (a) is an exploded view of the forest tree structure; (b) is a schematic diagram of the current injection along the axial direction of the forest tree; (c) is a schematic diagram of the current injection along the radial direction of the forest tree; (d) is a three-dimensional diagram of the clamping mechanism;

[0031] Figure 4 This is a flow chart of the test and analysis method of lightning current characteristics of standing trees in forests. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments, which are intended to explain the present invention rather than to limit it.

[0033] join Figure 1 , Figure 2 The forest standing tree lightning current characteristic test system of the present invention is composed of a lightning pulse current source 1, forest standing trees 2, a clamping mechanism, a lightning current control and electrical parameter measurement and analysis unit 3.

[0034] The lightning pulse current source 1 is mainly composed of a controllable high-voltage DC charging power supply 1-1 and a lightning pulse current generating unit 1-2. In actual tests, the charging voltage of the controllable high-voltage DC charging power supply 1-1 to the lightning pulse current generating unit 1-2 is monitored online by a charging voltage monitoring sensor 1-3, and the charging voltage analog quantity is transmitted to the control unit 31 of the lightning current control and electrical parameter measurement and analysis unit 3.

[0035] See also Figure 2 The principle circuit of the lightning pulse current source 1 for the forest standing tree lightning current characteristic test of the present invention mainly contains the circuit principles of two parts: a controllable high-voltage DC charging power supply 1-1 and a lightning pulse current generating unit 1-2. In view of the high-voltage environment with extremely high amplitude when an actual lightning strike occurs, the working voltage of the lightning pulse power supply in this application cannot be too low, at least 50kV-100kV or even higher. For this reason, the controllable high-voltage DC charging power supply 1-1 can adopt the usual rectification and filtering charging method, but it is best to adopt the voltage doubling charging method to avoid corona discharge during the experiment, which affects the reliability and stability of the lightning pulse current source. The controllable high-voltage DC charging power supply 1-1 is mainly composed of an electronically controlled voltage regulator T1, a transformer T2, and a voltage doubling capacitor C. B , rectifier silicon stacks D1 and D2 and current limiting resistor Rc. The function of the lightning pulse current generating unit 1-2 is to generate a lightning pulse current wave. The lightning pulse current generating unit is mainly composed of a pulse energy storage capacitor C, a high-voltage discharge switch G, a waveform forming inductor L and a resistor R, which are electrically connected in series, and the forest standing tree to be tested and its clamping mechanism are connected in series in the loop of the energy storage capacitor, the discharge switch, the waveform forming inductor and the resistor.

[0036] like Figure 3 As shown in FIG. 1 , the clamping mechanism for the forest standing tree lightning current test is to mount the forest standing tree 2 on a special fixture having a pair of high voltage electrodes HV and low voltage electrodes LV, such as Figure 3The clamping method of the forest standing tree module in (b) and (c) is to install the forest standing tree module between the high-voltage electrode HV and the low-voltage electrode LV according to the axial injection and radial injection of lightning current, respectively, wherein the high-voltage electrode HV is electrically connected to the output high-voltage port of the lightning pulse current generating unit 1-2, and the low-voltage electrode LV is electrically connected to the low-voltage port (or called the return electrode) of the lightning pulse current generating unit 1-2.

[0037] like Figure 3 As shown in (a), the forest tree specimen is a rectangular or circular forest tree module with a certain length, width and height taken from the heartwood, sapwood, cambium, phloem and epidermis of the forest tree according to the natural structural characteristics of the forest tree. The forest tree specimen to be tested is installed between the high-voltage electrode and the low-voltage electrode, wherein the high-voltage electrode is a rectangular, square or circular electrode that matches the end face of the forest tree specimen, and the low-voltage electrode can be a metal electrode with the same structural size as the high-voltage electrode or a large metal electrode plate is used as the low-voltage electrode.

[0038] like Figure 3 As shown in (d), the clamping mechanism is used to fix the forest standing tree 2, including a metal plate a1 and a quadrilateral movable clamp a2 with adjustable clamping size installed on the metal plate a1. The movable clamp a2 is composed of four baffles connected by bolts. By adjusting the installation position of each baffle, the clamping of trees with different diameters can be achieved. The metal plate can also serve as the low-voltage electrode of the forest standing tree clamping mechanism. The wire that electrically connects the metal plate low-voltage electrode LV to the low-voltage output port of the lightning pulse current generating unit is covered with a current induction coil L1 for measuring the lightning current flowing through the forest standing tree. The table below m (≥5) of the current Im represents the number of data points of the lightning current, which is used to measure the lightning current waveform flowing through the forest standing tree module test piece.

[0039] The function of the lightning current control and electrical parameter measurement and analysis unit 3 is to realize the control of the forest standing tree lightning current test and the measurement and analysis of the lightning pulse current electrical parameters. It is mainly composed of a control unit 31 and a lightning pulse current measurement and analysis unit 32. Among them, the control unit 31 is mainly composed of a charging voltage monitoring circuit 31-1, a programmable controller and its related control circuit 31-2. The charging voltage monitoring circuit 31-1 receives the signal transmitted by the charging voltage monitoring sensor 1-3, and after being processed by the programmable controller and its related control circuit 31-2, it can output a control signal to the programmable controller and its related control circuit 31-2, thereby controlling the discharge of the discharge switch of the lightning pulse current generating unit 1-2. In addition, the programmable controller and its related control circuit 31-2 are also combined with the industrial control computer 32-4 of the lightning pulse current measurement and analysis unit 32 to control the connection / disconnection of the charging process of the forest standing tree lightning current characteristic test, the high voltage rise / drop, and the discharge control of the discharge switch G, so as to realize the automatic control of the forest standing tree lightning current characteristic test process.

[0040] The lightning pulse current measurement and analysis unit 32 is mainly composed of a pulse current sensor 32-1, a pulse voltage sensor 32-2, a digital oscilloscope 32-3 and an industrial control computer 32-4. The pulse voltage sensor 32-2 is used to measure the pulse voltage at both ends of the sample when the current flows through it; the pulse current sensor 32-1, the pulse voltage sensor 32-2 and the digital oscilloscope 32-3 are combined to obtain the dynamic impedance characteristics of the forest standing tree sample under the action of lightning current according to the current flowing through the forest standing tree module sample and the voltage at both ends; the industrial control computer 32-4 processes and analyzes the data transmitted by the digital oscilloscope 32-2, so as to obtain the correlation between the dynamic impedance characteristics of the forest standing tree module and the electrical parameters including moisture content, ambient temperature and humidity, and lightning current.

[0041] See also Figure 4 , test and analysis method of lightning current characteristics of forest standing trees, the specific test and analysis process is as follows:

[0042] (1) Sample selection and processing: Prepare forest standing tree module samples with different moisture contents, and process radial and axial forest standing tree module samples, with at least 5 samples with different moisture contents (denoted as S1 to S5).

[0043] The samples can be selected in typical forests with different climate and environmental characteristics (such as Daxing'anling, Liangzhou, etc.). At the same time, the moisture content, temperature and humidity are also included to simulate the actual environment of different plants in different seasons and different climate conditions.

[0044] (2) Select the forest standing tree module sample S1 with the first moisture content for testing;

[0045] 1) Connect the test sample to the output end of the lightning pulse current generating unit, apply lightning current pulses with different peak values ​​to the forest standing module radially and axially, and measure the lightning current characteristic data of the forest standing module through a pulse current sensor, a pulse voltage sensor, an oscilloscope and a computer; select m (≥5) discharge current (or discharge voltage) points, and realize the output of the preset discharge current peak value through the discharge voltage of the lightning pulse current generating unit 1-2.

[0046] In order to improve the reliability and credibility of lightning current characteristic data of standing trees in forests under repeated lightning discharges, the lightning pulse current source ensures that the amplitude of the pulse current flowing through the standing trees in forests is not too large. It is recommended to be on the order of several kA, otherwise explosion may occur and it will be impossible to obtain flow characteristic data of no less than m (≥5) data points.

[0047] 2) Change the charging voltage of the controllable high-voltage DC charging power supply 1-1 to the energy storage capacitor of the pulse current generating unit 1-2. When the control unit 31 detects that the charging voltage of the energy storage capacitor is greater than or equal to the preset discharge voltage U1, the control unit 31 outputs a discharge pulse to the controllable high-voltage discharge switch of the pulse current generating unit 1-2, and the pulse current generating unit 1-2 outputs the preset first discharge current point I1, and records the voltage U1 at both ends of the forest standing module. Similarly, change the charging voltage of the controllable high-voltage DC charging power supply 1-1 to the energy storage capacitor of the pulse current generating unit 1-2 until the pulse current generating unit 1-2 outputs the preset current point Im, corresponding to the lightning current data Im and impulse voltage data Um of the forest standing module.

[0048] 3) Analyze the lightning current data I1, I2, ..., Im and impulse voltage data U1, U2, ..., Um of the forest standing tree module to obtain the lightning dynamic characteristics of the forest standing tree module under the set moisture content.

[0049] 4) Select the next forest standing tree module sample with different moisture content, and repeat steps 1) to 3) until the lightning dynamic characteristics test of all samples with different moisture content is completed.

[0050] (3) For forest standing tree module samples with different temperature and humidity, the test method is the same as that for module samples with different moisture contents. Repeat the above test process to obtain the results. If there are other influencing factors such as air pressure, repeat the above process to obtain the laws related to the dynamic characteristics of lightning in forest standing tree modules.

[0051] (4) Statistical analysis was performed on the lightning current test data of all forest standing tree modules, and a forest standing tree topological circuit network was established to explain the mechanism of lightning conduction in forest standing trees. At the same time, the relationship between the lightning characteristics of forest standing trees and factors such as the moisture content of forest standing tree specimens and the climate environment of forest standing trees (temperature, humidity, wind speed, etc.) was obtained to form a database of lightning currents and characteristic laws of forest standing trees. A multi-factor regression method was used to form an analysis method for the dynamic resistance characteristics of trees, laying a foundation for the establishment of lightning strike models and the prediction of lightning fires.

Claims

1. A forest standing tree lightning current characteristics test system, characterized by: It comprises a lightning pulse current source (1), a forest tree (2), a clamping mechanism, a lightning current control unit and an electrical parameter measurement and analysis unit (3); The lightning pulse current source (1) comprises a controllable high-voltage direct current charging power supply (1-1) and a lightning pulse current generating unit (1-2); the charging voltage of the lightning pulse current generating unit (1-2) is monitored by the controllable high-voltage direct current charging power supply (1-1) via a charging voltage monitoring sensor (1-3), and the charging voltage analog quantity is transmitted to a control unit (31) of a lightning current control and electrical parameter measurement and analysis unit (3); The forest standing tree (2) is installed and fixed by a clamping mechanism, the clamping mechanism includes a high-voltage electrode HV and a low-voltage electrode LV, and the forest standing tree module is installed between the high-voltage electrode HV and the low-voltage electrode LV according to axial injection and radial injection of lightning current, wherein the high-voltage electrode HV is electrically connected to the output high-voltage port of the lightning pulse current generating unit (1-2), and the low-voltage electrode LV is electrically connected to the low-voltage port of the lightning pulse current generating unit (1-2); The lightning current control and electrical parameter measurement and analysis unit (3) realizes the control of the forest standing tree lightning current test and the measurement and analysis of the electrical parameters of the lightning pulse current, and comprises a control unit (31) and a lightning pulse current measurement and analysis unit (32).

2. The forest standing tree lightning current characteristic test system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The controllable high-voltage DC charging power supply (1-1) is composed of an electronically controlled voltage regulator T1, a transformer T2, a voltage multiplier capacitor C B , rectifier silicon stacks D1 and D2 and a current limiting resistor Rc; the lightning pulse current generating unit (1-2) is composed of a pulse energy storage capacitor C, a high-voltage discharge switch G, a waveform forming inductor L and a resistor R in series, and the forest standing trees to be tested and their clamping mechanisms are connected in series in a loop of the energy storage capacitor, the discharge switch, the waveform forming inductor and the resistor.

3. The forest standing tree lightning current characteristic test system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The clamping mechanism comprises a metal plate (a1) and a quadrilateral movable clamp (a2) with adjustable clamping size installed on the metal plate (a1); the movable clamp (a2) is composed of four retaining bars connected by bolts; a current induction coil L1 for measuring the lightning current flowing through the forest standing trees is sleeved on the wire electrically connecting the low-voltage electrode LV with the low-voltage output port of the lightning pulse current generating unit, and is used to measure the lightning current waveform flowing through the forest standing tree module specimen.

4. The forest standing tree lightning current characteristic test system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high voltage electrode HV is a rectangular, square or circular electrode that matches the end surface of the forest standing tree specimen, and the low voltage electrode LV is a metal electrode that has the same structural dimensions as the high voltage electrode HV.

5. The forest standing tree lightning current characteristic test system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control unit (31) comprises a charging voltage monitoring circuit (31-1), a programmable controller and its related control circuit (31-2); The charging voltage monitoring circuit (31-1) receives a signal transmitted by a charging voltage monitoring sensor (1-3), and after being processed by a programmable controller and its related control circuit (31-2), outputs a control signal to the programmable controller and its related control circuit (31-2) to control the discharge of a discharge switch of a lightning pulse current generating unit (1-2); the programmable controller and its related control circuit (31-2) are also combined with an industrial control computer (32-4) of a lightning pulse current measuring and analyzing unit (32) to control the connection / disconnection, high voltage increase / decrease, and discharge control of a discharge switch G during a charging process of a forest standing tree lightning current characteristic test, thereby realizing automatic control of a forest standing tree lightning current characteristic test process.

6. The forest standing tree lightning current characteristic test system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lightning pulse current measurement and analysis unit (32) comprises a pulse current sensor (32-1), a pulse voltage sensor (32-2), a digital oscilloscope (32-3) and an industrial control computer (32-4); The pulse current sensor (32-1), the pulse voltage sensor (32-2) and the digital oscilloscope (32-3) are combined to obtain the dynamic impedance characteristics of the forest standing tree sample under the action of lightning current based on the current flowing through the forest standing tree module sample and the voltage at both ends; the industrial control computer (32-4) processes and analyzes the data transmitted by the digital oscilloscope (32-2) to obtain the correlation between the dynamic impedance characteristics of the forest standing tree module and the water content, environmental temperature and humidity, and lightning current electrical parameters.

7. A test and analysis method for the lightning diversion characteristics of forest standing trees based on the test system of claim 1, characterized in that The steps include: (1) Sample selection and processing: Prepare forest standing tree module samples with different moisture content, temperature and humidity, and process radial and axial forest standing tree module samples; (2) Select the forest standing tree module sample S1 with the first moisture content for testing; 1) Connect the test sample to the output end of the lightning pulse current generating unit, apply lightning current pulses with different peak values ​​to the forest standing tree module in radial and axial directions, and measure the lightning current characteristic data of the forest standing tree module through a pulse current sensor, a pulse voltage sensor, an oscilloscope and a computer; 2) changing the discharge voltage of the pulse current generating unit (1-2), the pulse current generating unit (1-2) outputting a preset first discharge current point I1, and recording the voltage U1 at both ends of the forest standing module; changing the charging voltage of the controllable high-voltage DC charging power supply (1-1) on the energy storage capacitor of the pulse current generating unit (1-2) until the pulse current generating unit (1-2) outputs a preset current point data Im, and obtaining the lightning current data Im and impulse voltage data Um of the forest standing module; 3) Analyze the lightning current data I1, I2, ..., Im and impulse voltage data U1, U2, ..., Um of the forest standing tree module to obtain the lightning dynamic characteristics of the forest standing tree module under the set moisture content; 4) Select the next forest standing tree module sample with different moisture content, and repeat steps 1) to 3) until the lightning dynamic characteristics test of all samples with different moisture content is completed; (3) Repeating the above steps 1) to 3) for the forest standing tree module samples with different temperatures and humidities to obtain the lightning dynamic characteristics of the forest standing tree modules with different temperatures and humidities; (4) Conduct statistical analysis on the lightning current test data of all forest tree modules, establish a forest tree topological circuit network, and explain the mechanism of lightning conduction in forest trees. At the same time, obtain the relationship between the lightning characteristics of forest trees and the moisture content of forest tree specimens and the temperature and humidity of forest trees, and form a forest tree lightning current database and characteristic laws.

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