Metasurface phase shift module, antenna array and electromagnetic wave phase modulation method

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention provides a metasurface phase shift module, an antenna array and an electromagnetic wave phase modulation method, the metasurface phase shift module comprises a transmission metasurface and a bias unit, and the transmission metasurface is provided with an adjustable electronic component; the bias unit is connected with the adjustable electronic element and inputs bias voltage to the adjustable electronic element; wherein the transmission metasurface performs phase regulation and control on the received electromagnetic wave through the adjustable electronic element and the bias voltage. According to the invention, the problems of low precision, low flexibility, slow response and the like of a base station electrically-tunable antenna scheme caused by adjusting the phase of the electromagnetic wave through the physical movement of a mechanical structure in the related technology are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The embodiments of the present application relate to the field of wireless communication technology, and in particular to a metasurface phase shifting module, an antenna array, and a phase modulation method of an electromagnetic wave. Background Art

[0002] The realization of the electrical adjustment function of the base station antenna depends on the design of the phase shift module. The phase shift module currently widely used in cellular communication systems uses the method of "mechanical electrical adjustment transmission" to change the phase of each unit. The so-called "mechanical electrical adjustment transmission" is to use a drive structure to pull the transmission mechanism to drive the variable part on the feeding path to slide or rotate, and cause relative displacement with the fixed part to change the electrical length from the main feeding port to the antenna unit feeding port. The variable part can be a coupling branch or a dielectric block.

[0003] At present, the "mechanical electric adjustment transmission" solution widely used in base station antennas has the following shortcomings: first, there is relative sliding between the movable structure and the fixed structure, so there is dielectric wear, and the gear and pulley structure of the transmission mechanism also has mechanical wear; second, the drive structure, cables, etc. that match the phase shift module occupy space, and sufficient sliding space must be reserved, which consumes part of the space; third, the movement of the movable part and the transmission mechanism takes time, resulting in a slow response of the phase shifter to the downtilt angle adjustment; fourth, the accuracy of phase shifting by changing the electrical length through the physical movement of the electromechanical structure is limited, and the flexibility and stability are not high; fifth, the antenna system with high electrical indicators requires a high-performance drive motor, and the requirements for dielectric materials increase the cost.

[0004] Therefore, the base station electrically-adjustable antenna solution in the related art, which adjusts the phase of the electromagnetic wave through the physical movement of the mechanical structure, has defects such as low precision, low flexibility, and slow response. Summary of the invention

[0005] The embodiments of the present application provide a metasurface phase shifting module, an antenna array, and a phase modulation method for electromagnetic waves, so as to at least solve the problems in the related art of low accuracy, low flexibility, slow response, etc. of the base station electrically adjustable antenna solution caused by adjusting the phase of the electromagnetic wave through the physical movement of the mechanical structure.

[0006] According to one embodiment of the present application, a metasurface phase shifting module is provided, comprising: a transmissive metasurface and a bias unit, wherein an adjustable electronic component is provided on the transmissive metasurface; the bias unit is connected to the adjustable electronic component and inputs a bias voltage to the adjustable electronic component; wherein the transmissive metasurface performs phase control on the received electromagnetic wave through the adjustable electronic component and the bias voltage.

[0007] According to one embodiment of the present application, an antenna array is also provided, comprising: a feeding module, a main radiating array and a metasurface phase shifting module, wherein the main radiating array is used to receive the radio frequency power sent by the feeding module and output electromagnetic waves of a preset angle according to the radio frequency power; the metasurface phase shifting module comprises: a transmissive metasurface and a bias unit connected to the transmissive metasurface, wherein the bias unit is used to input a bias voltage to an adjustable electronic component provided on the transmissive metasurface; the transmissive metasurface is used to perform phase control on the received electromagnetic wave through the adjustable electronic component and the bias voltage.

[0008] According to another embodiment of the present application, a communication device is provided, including a memory and a processor, wherein a computer program is stored in the memory, and the processor is configured to run the computer program to execute the steps in any one of the above method embodiments.

[0009] Through the present application, since the antenna array includes a metasurface phase shifting module, wherein the metasurface phase shifting module is provided with a transmission metasurface and a bias unit connected to the transmission surface, wherein the bias unit is used to input a bias voltage to an adjustable electronic component provided on the transmission metasurface; the transmission metasurface is used to perform phase control on the received electromagnetic wave through the adjustable electronic component and the bias voltage. That is, the transmission metasurface in the embodiment of the present application is loaded with an adjustable electronic component, and the parameter value of the adjustable electronic component is changed by changing the bias voltage of the adjustable electronic component, thereby changing the transmission phase of the transmission metasurface, and then realizing the phase control of the received electromagnetic wave. Therefore, the problems of low accuracy, low flexibility, slow response, etc. of the base station electrically adjustable antenna solution caused by adjusting the phase of the electromagnetic wave through the physical movement of the mechanical structure in the related art are solved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0010] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an antenna array according to an embodiment of the present application (I);

[0011] Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a metasurface phase shifting module according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0012] Figure 3 is a structural schematic diagram of an antenna array according to an embodiment of the present application (II);

[0013] Figure 4 is a structural schematic diagram of a feeding module according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0014] Figure 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a main radiation array according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0015] Figure 6 is a flow chart of a phase modulation method of an electromagnetic wave according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0016] Figure 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a 3×1 electrically adjustable array based on an active transmission metasurface according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0017] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the main radiation unit of a 3×1 / 6×1 / 6×8 electrically adjustable array based on an active transmission metasurface according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0018] Fig. 9 It is a structural schematic diagram of a feeding module of a 3×1 electrically adjustable array based on an active transmission metasurface according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0019] Fig.10 is a schematic diagram of a single-layer structure of a supersurface unit according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0020] Fig.11 It is a schematic structural diagram of a bias unit of a 3×1 electrically adjustable array based on an active transmission metasurface according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0021] Fig.12 It is a vertical plane pattern of different scanning angles of a 3×1 electrically adjustable array based on an active transmission metasurface according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0022] Fig.13 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of a 6×1 electrically adjustable array based on an active transmission metasurface according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0023] Fig.14 It is a structural schematic diagram of a feeding module of a 6×1 electrically adjustable array based on an active transmission metasurface according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0024] Fig.15 is a schematic diagram of a single-layer structure of a supersurface unit according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0025] Fig.16 It is a schematic structural diagram of a bias unit of a 6×1 electrically adjustable array based on an active transmission metasurface according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0026] Fig.17 It is a vertical plane pattern of different scanning angles of a 6×1 electrically adjustable array based on an active transmission metasurface according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0027] Fig.18 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of a 6×8 electrically adjustable array based on an active transmission metasurface according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0028] Fig.19 It is a structural schematic diagram of a feeding module of a 6×8 electrically adjustable array based on an active transmission metasurface according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0029] Fig. 20 It is a vertical plane directional diagram of different scanning angles of a 6×8 electrically adjustable array based on an active transmission metasurface according to an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the solution of the present application, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work should fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0031] It should be noted that the terms "first", "second", etc. in the specification and claims of the present application and the above-mentioned drawings are used to distinguish similar objects, and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that the data used in this way can be interchangeable where appropriate, so that the embodiments of the present application described herein can be implemented in an order other than those illustrated or described herein. In addition, the terms "including" and "having" and any of their variations are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions, for example, a process, method, system, product or device comprising a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units clearly listed, but may include other steps or units that are not clearly listed or inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices.

[0032] According to an embodiment of the present application, an antenna array is provided. Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an antenna array according to an embodiment of the present application (I), such as Figure 1 As shown, the metasurface phase shifting module 10 of this embodiment includes: a transmission metasurface 104 and a bias unit 102 connected to the transmission metasurface, wherein:

[0033] The transmission metasurface 104 is provided with an adjustable electronic element 106;

[0034] A bias unit 102 connected to the adjustable electronic component 106 and inputting a bias voltage to the adjustable electronic component 106;

[0035] The transmission metasurface 104 performs phase control on the received electromagnetic wave through the adjustable electronic element 106 and the bias voltage.

[0036] Through the present application, since the transmission metasurface in the embodiment of the present application is loaded with an adjustable electronic component, the parameter value of the adjustable electronic component is changed by changing the bias voltage of the adjustable electronic component, thereby changing the transmission phase of the transmission metasurface, and then realizing the phase control of the received electromagnetic wave. Therefore, the phase of the electromagnetic wave can be flexibly, quickly and accurately controlled, which solves the problems of low accuracy, low flexibility and slow response of the base station electrically adjustable antenna solution caused by adjusting the phase of the electromagnetic wave through the physical movement of the mechanical structure in the related art.

[0037] It should be noted that the above-mentioned adjustable electronic components include but are not limited to: adjustable capacitors, varactor diodes, and PIN tubes; when the adjustable electronic component is an adjustable capacitor, the capacitance value of the adjustable capacitor is changed by changing the voltage value of the bias voltage, thereby changing the transmission phase of the transmissive metasurface; when the adjustable electronic component is a varactor diode, the capacitance value of the varactor diode is changed by changing the voltage value of the bias voltage, thereby changing the transmission phase of the transmissive metasurface; when the adjustable electronic component is a PIN tube, the capacitance value of the PIN tube is changed by changing the voltage value of the bias voltage, thereby changing the transmission phase of the transmissive metasurface.

[0038] Optionally, the transmissive metasurface includes: a passive metasurface unit and an active metasurface unit, wherein the active metasurface unit is provided with an adjustable electronic component, and the transmission phase of the passive metasurface unit is a fixed transmission phase, so the passive metasurface unit is provided with a fixed electronic component or a centrally symmetrical first conductive structure of a specific size.

[0039] It should be noted that the number of the above-mentioned passive metasurface units can be one or more, and the passive metasurface unit is provided with a fixed electronic component or a first conductive structure, wherein at least one passive metasurface unit in the embodiment of the present invention is provided with a fixed electronic component, or, at least one passive metasurface unit is provided with a centrally symmetrical first conductive structure, wherein the circumference of the centrally symmetrical first conductive structure is a preset fixed value.

[0040] For example, by adjusting the circumference of the first conductive structure, different operating frequency ranges and radiation phases of the antenna can be achieved. Therefore, a fixed radiation phase can be achieved by presetting the circumference of the conductive structure. The above-mentioned first conductive structure can be understood as a structure of a specific size.

[0041] The above-mentioned fixed electronic components include but are not limited to: fixed capacitors, fixed inductors, etc.

[0042] The above-mentioned centrally symmetrical first conductive structure includes but is not limited to: a circular metal ring, a square metal ring, a diamond metal ring, etc.

[0043] For example, Figure 2As shown, in the embodiment of the present invention, a bias voltage is provided for the active metasurface unit through the bias unit 102. For example, the DC bias voltage input to the first metasurface unit 311 by the bias unit is U1, and the phase shift amount (compensation phase) of the first metasurface unit 311 is φ1; the DC bias voltage input to the second metasurface unit 312 is U2, and the phase shift amount (compensation phase) of the second metasurface 312 unit is φ2; and so on, the DC bias voltage input to the Nth metasurface unit 313 is U N , the phase shift (compensation phase) of the Nth metasurface unit 313 is φ N .

[0044] It should be noted that, when the radiation phase on a certain metasurface unit is fixed during the electrical scanning process, the adjustable electronic components (for example, varactor diodes, PIN tubes, etc.) on the metasurface unit whose radiation phase is fixed during the electrical scanning process can be replaced with fixed capacitors, fixed inductors, etc., and there is no need to equip the metasurface unit whose radiation phase is fixed during the electrical scanning process with a bias structure, and the above-mentioned metasurface unit is a passive metasurface unit.

[0045] Since the transmission phase of the metasurface unit corresponds to the value of the varactor diode loaded on the metasurface unit, the variation curve of the transmission phase with the capacitance value of the varactor diode at the center frequency in the passband can be obtained by simulation or actual measurement. A point near the midpoint of the variation curve is randomly selected as a reference point, and the metasurface unit corresponding to the transmission phase of this point is used as the reference metasurface unit, that is, the passive metasurface unit.

[0046] Optionally, the passive metasurface unit and the active metasurface unit both include: a multilayer dielectric plate, wherein an air gap is formed between two adjacent dielectric plates; the multilayer dielectric plate of the active metasurface unit includes: a centrally symmetrical second conductive structure; wherein the second conductive structure is provided with the adjustable electronic component;

[0047] The multilayer dielectric plate of the passive metasurface unit includes: a centrally symmetrical third conductive structure; wherein the centrally symmetrical third conductive structure is provided with the fixed electronic component; or, the multilayer dielectric plate of the passive metasurface unit includes: the first conductive structure, and no fixed electronic component is provided on the first conductive structure.

[0048] It should be noted that the sizes of the second conductive structure and the third conductive structure are not limited, that is, the sizes of the second conductive structure and the third conductive structure are not preset fixed sizes.

[0049] Specifically, the centrally symmetrical second conductive structure comprises: a first substructure and a second substructure, wherein the perimeter of the first substructure is greater than the perimeter of the second substructure, and the second substructure is provided with the adjustable electronic component;

[0050] The centrally symmetrical third conductive structure includes: a third substructure and a fourth substructure, wherein the perimeter of the third substructure is greater than the perimeter of the fourth substructure, and the fourth substructure is provided with the fixed electronic component, or the first conductive structure includes: a fifth substructure and a sixth substructure, wherein the perimeter of the fifth substructure is greater than the perimeter of the sixth substructure.

[0051] It should be noted that the shape of the centrosymmetric conductive structure may be circular, quadrilateral, etc., which is not limited in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0052] In an exemplary embodiment, Figure 7 As shown, the active metasurface unit includes: two layers of dielectric plates, with air spacer in the middle of the dielectric plates. A first sub-ring and a third sub-ring (equivalent to the second substructure in the above embodiment) are printed on the upper surface of the upper dielectric plate and the lower surface of the lower dielectric plate, respectively, and a second sub-ring and a fourth sub-ring (equivalent to the first substructure in the above embodiment) are printed on the lower surface of the upper dielectric plate and the upper surface of the lower dielectric plate, respectively. Adjustable electronic components are loaded on the first sub-ring and the third sub-ring, and there are a total of 8 adjustable electronic components on the active metasurface unit.

[0053] In an exemplary embodiment, Fig.13 As shown, the active metasurface unit includes: three layers of dielectric plates, with air spacers in the middle of the dielectric plates. A first sub-ring and a third sub-ring are printed on the upper surface of the upper dielectric plate and the lower surface of the lower dielectric plate, respectively, and a second sub-ring and a fourth sub-ring of larger size are printed on the lower surface of the upper dielectric plate and the upper surface of the lower dielectric plate, respectively; a fifth sub-ring and a sixth sub-ring are printed on the upper surface and the lower surface of the middle dielectric plate, respectively, wherein the diameter of the sixth sub-ring is larger than that of the fifth sub-ring. Adjustable electronic components are loaded on the first sub-ring, the third sub-ring, and the fifth sub-ring, and there are 12 adjustable electronic components on the active metasurface unit.

[0054] It should be noted that Figure 7 and Fig.13 The active metasurface unit in the figure is only an example, and the embodiment of the present invention does not limit the dielectric plate level of the metasurface unit.

[0055] Optionally, the bias unit includes: a horizontal bias line, a vertical metal column connected to the horizontal bias line, a choke inductor connected to the horizontal bias line, and a fan-shaped branch connected to the vertical metal column.

[0056] It should be noted that the horizontal bias line and the vertical metal column are used to transmit electrical signals, and provide bias voltage for the adjustable electronic component through the horizontal bias line and the vertical metal column.

[0057] The choke inductor and fan-shaped branch are used to limit the passage of high-frequency and low-frequency signals, and play a role of filtering protection, so that only DC bias current can pass, while high-frequency and low-frequency signals are blocked. In addition, the RF signal and DC signal can be isolated to prevent them from affecting the DC source.

[0058] like Fig.11 As shown, the bias unit includes horizontal bias lines 3211 and 3212, vertical metal pillars 3221 and 3222, choke inductors 3231-3235, and a quarter-wavelength fan-shaped branch 324. The bias unit is symmetrical and includes: 8 horizontal bias lines, 8 metal pillars, 20 choke inductors and 2 fan-shaped branches. 3251 and 3253 are grounding points of the bias unit, and 3252 and 3254 are input points of the DC bias voltage.

[0059] An embodiment of the present invention provides an antenna array, such as Figure 3 As shown, the antenna array includes: a main radiation array, which is used to receive the radio frequency power sent by the feeding module and output electromagnetic waves of a preset angle according to the radio frequency power; a metasurface phase shifting module, which includes: a transmissive metasurface and a bias unit connected to the transmissive metasurface, wherein the bias unit is used to input a bias voltage to an adjustable electronic component provided on the transmissive metasurface; and the transmissive metasurface is used to perform phase control on the received electromagnetic waves through the adjustable electronic component and the bias voltage.

[0060] It should be noted that the feeding module in the embodiment of the present invention is used to receive the first RF power and output the second RF power with a phase gradient according to the first RF power; the main radiating array is used to receive the second RF power sent by the feeding module and output electromagnetic waves of a preset angle according to the second RF power.

[0061] like Figure 4 As shown, Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a feeding module according to an embodiment of the present application, such as Figure 4 As shown, the feeding module 30 includes a first feeding submodule 11 and a second feeding submodule 12; wherein the first feeding submodule 11 is used to receive a first polarized RF power of a first polarized component; the second feeding submodule 12 is used to receive a second polarized RF power of a second polarized component, and the first RF power includes a first polarized RF power and a second polarized RF power.

[0062] Among them, the first feeding submodule 11 includes: a first input port 111, a first power division phase shift network 115 connected to the first input port, and multiple first output ports 112-114 connected to the first power division phase shift network; the first input port is used to receive the first polarized RF power; the first power division phase shift network is used to divide the first polarized RF power into multiple third RF powers, and distribute the multiple third RF powers to multiple first output ports, wherein the phase difference between each two adjacent third RF powers is the same.

[0063] The RF power corresponding to the first polarization component is input from 111, passes through the power division and phase shifting network 115, and is distributed to the first output port 112, the second output port 113, ..., and the plurality of output ports 114 of the feeding submodule 11 (the middle N-3 output ports are the same as above). The phase difference between the first output port 112 and the second output port 113 is ΔΦ1, the phase difference between the second output port 113 and the third output port is ΔΦ1, and so on, the phase difference between the N-1th output port and the Nth output port 114 is ΔΦ1.

[0064] The second feeding submodule 12 includes: a second input port 121, a second power division phase shift network 125 connected to the second input port, and a plurality of second output ports 122-124 connected to the second power division phase shift network; the second input port is used to receive the second polarized RF power; the second power division phase shift network is used to divide the second polarized RF power into multiple fourth RF powers, and distribute the multiple fourth RF powers to multiple second output ports, wherein the phase difference of the fourth RF power distributed to two adjacent second output ports is the same.

[0065] The radio frequency power corresponding to the second polarization component is input from the second input port 121, and is distributed to the first output port 122, the second output port 123, ..., and the Nth output port 124 of the feeding submodule 12 according to a certain ratio through the power division and phase shifting network 125. The phase difference between the first output port 122 and the second output port 123 is ΔΦ1, the phase difference between the second output port 123 and the third output port is ΔΦ1, and so on, the phase difference between the N-1th output port and the Nth output port 124 is ΔΦ1.

[0066] It can be understood that the phase difference ΔΦ1 of each output port is calculated by the following formula:

[0067]

[0068] Wherein, λ is the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the working frequency band, d is the unit row spacing, θ0 is the preset deflection angle when the array is not scanning, θmax and θmin are the maximum angle and minimum angle of beam scanning, respectively.

[0069] Optionally, the main radiating array in an embodiment of the present invention includes: a base plate, a plurality of radiating units located on the base plate, the radiating units including: a radiator, a first feeding port connected to the radiator, and a second feeding port connected to the radiator; the first feeding port is electrically connected to the output port of the first feeding sub-module, and is used to receive a third RF power corresponding to the first polarized RF power; the second feeding port is electrically connected to the output port of the second feeding sub-module, and is used to receive a fourth RF power corresponding to the second polarized RF power; the radiator is coupled to the metasurface unit of the metasurface phase shifting module, and is used to output electromagnetic waves of a preset angle.

[0070] For example, Figure 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a main radiation array according to an embodiment of the present application, such as Figure 5 As shown, in the main radiation array, 21 is the first main radiation unit, 22 is the second main radiation unit, 23 is the Nth main radiation unit ( Figure 5 N-3 main radiating elements are omitted), 24 is the bottom plate of the main radiating array 20. Each main radiating element includes three parts. For example, in the first main radiating element, 211 is the radiator of the first main radiating element 21, 212 is the first feeding port of the first main radiating element 21 corresponding to the first polarization component, and 213 is the second feeding port of the first main radiating element 21 corresponding to the second polarization component. In the second main radiating element, 221 is the radiator of the second main radiating element 22, 222 is the first feeding port of the second main radiating element 22 corresponding to the first polarization component, and 223 is the second feeding port of the second main radiating element 22 corresponding to the second polarization component. For example, in the Nth main radiating element, 231 is the radiator of the Nth main radiating element 23, 232 is the first feeding port of the Nth main radiating element 23 corresponding to the first polarization component, and 233 is the second feeding port of the Nth main radiating element 23 corresponding to the second polarization component.

[0071] The connection relationship between the feeding module 30 and the main radiating array 20 is as follows: in the first feeding submodule 11, the first output port 112 is electrically connected to the first feeding port 212 of the first main radiating unit 21; the second output port 113 is electrically connected to the first feeding port 222 of the second main radiating unit 22; and by analogy, the Nth output port 114 is electrically connected to the first feeding port 232 of the Nth main radiating unit 23. In the second feeding submodule 12, the first output port 122 is electrically connected to the second feeding port 213 of the first main radiating unit 21; the second output port 123 is electrically connected to the second feeding port 223 of the second main radiating unit 22; and by analogy, the Nth output port 124 is electrically connected to the second feeding port 233 of the Nth main radiating unit 23.

[0072] The connection relationship between the main radiation array 20 and the metasurface phase shifting module 10 is: the first main radiation unit radiator 211 is coupled and connected to the first metasurface unit 311; the second main radiation unit radiator 221 is coupled and connected to the second metasurface unit 312; and so on, the Nth main radiation unit radiator 231 is coupled and connected to the first metasurface unit 313.

[0073] Through the embodiments of the present application, a phase modulation method of an electromagnetic wave is also provided. It should be noted that the steps shown in the flowchart of the accompanying drawings can be executed in a computer system such as a set of computer executable instructions, and although the logical order is shown in the flowchart, in some cases, the steps shown or described can be executed in an order different from that shown here.

[0074] Figure 6 : is a flow chart of a phase modulation method of an electromagnetic wave according to an embodiment of the present application, the method being applied to a transmissive metasurface in an antenna array, comprising:

[0075] S602, receiving a bias voltage input by a bias unit to an adjustable electronic component disposed on a transmission metasurface, wherein the bias unit and the transmission metasurface are disposed on a metasurface phase shifting module;

[0076] S604, phase control of the received electromagnetic wave is performed by using adjustable electronic components and bias voltage.

[0077] Optionally, before performing phase control on the received electromagnetic wave through adjustable electronic components and bias voltage, the method also includes: determining the scanning angle and reference compensation phase of the antenna array; determining the compensation phase of each metasurface unit of the antenna array according to the scanning angle and the reference compensation phase; determining the target parameter value of the adjustable electronic component corresponding to the compensation phase, and the target voltage value corresponding to the target parameter value.

[0078] Optionally, the phase of the received electromagnetic wave is controlled by an adjustable electronic component and a bias voltage, including: receiving a bias voltage of a target voltage value input by a bias unit to the adjustable electronic component, so that the parameter value of the adjustable electronic component is adjusted to the target parameter value; and controlling the phase of the electromagnetic wave by the adjusted adjustable electronic component, wherein the phase value of the controlled electromagnetic wave is the same as the phase value of the compensation phase.

[0079] For example, when the array scans to angle θ, the compensation phases of the first and second metasurface units are The compensation phases of the third and fourth metasurface units are The compensation phases of the fifth and sixth metasurface units are Since the transmission phase of the transmission metasurface unit corresponds to the value of the adjustable electronic component loaded on the unit, the transmission phase curve at the center frequency in the passband as a function of the capacitance value of the varactor diode can be obtained by simulation or actual measurement. A point near the midpoint of the curve is randomly selected as a reference point, and the transmission phase of the point is and The calculation formula is as follows:

[0080]

[0081] In order to better understand the process of the above-mentioned antenna array and electromagnetic wave phase modulation method, the implementation process of the above-mentioned antenna array and electromagnetic wave phase modulation method is described below in combination with optional embodiments, but it is not used to limit the technical solution of the embodiments of the present application.

[0082] The electrical adjustment scheme in the related art includes, for example, using a digital phase shifter to adjust the phase of the array unit, thereby adjusting the downtilt angle of the array. The disadvantage is that the insertion loss of the phase shifter will reduce the efficiency of the antenna, resulting in a decrease in gain. High-precision downtilt angle adjustment requires the digital phase shifter to have a higher number of bits or to use a cascade of low insertion loss phase shifters, which undoubtedly increases the cost.

[0083] For example, based on the principle of planar Yagi antenna, beam deflection is achieved by means of the steering or reflection effect of the parasitic patch surrounding the driving patch, but the downtilt angle adjustment accuracy is low, which is not conducive to large-scale array integration; for example, by adding tunable devices (such as PIN tubes) or materials (such as liquid crystal, ferrite) in the main radiator or feed module, the beam can be reconfigured by changing the current distribution, but the introduction of devices and materials in the main radiator and feed module leads to large array losses and low efficiency; for example, beam scanning is achieved with the help of an electrically controlled surface, such as a transmission array antenna, but the insertion loss of the electrically controlled surface is large and the bandwidth is narrow, and it is necessary to maintain a sufficient distance from the feed source to the surface, resulting in a profile that is too high.

[0084] In order to solve the problems of low accuracy, low flexibility, slow response, etc. in the related art of the base station electrically-adjustable antenna solution, an embodiment of the present invention provides an antenna array.

[0085] The present invention loads the transmission metasurface onto the main radiation array composed of dual-polarized radiation units, and the distance from the main radiation array to the transmission metasurface is optimized according to the actual antenna form and index requirements. For different antenna forms, the transmission metasurface needs to be designed with different height optimizations, and phase shift control is performed under the premise of ensuring the radiation characteristics of the antenna unit; in the required low-profile scene, the overall height is limited, and the periodic structure and interlayer spacing of the transmission metasurface need to be optimized to ensure that the phase shift amount is sufficient to meet the beam scanning index requirements.

[0086] Different from the transmission array antenna composed of a feed horn and a transmission metasurface, the distance from the main radiating array to the transmission metasurface breaks through the limitation of the focal ratio, and the aperture size of the array does not affect the distance from the main radiating array to the transmission metasurface.

[0087] The working frequency band of the antenna should be in the passband of the transmission metasurface. At this time, each unit on the transmission metasurface should be in a weak resonance state to reduce the insertion loss caused by the transmission metasurface. Compared with the electrically adjustable antenna whose phase shift module adopts a digital phase shifter, the antenna efficiency and gain are improved.

[0088] Metasurface is an artificial layered material with a thickness much smaller than the wavelength. It can realize the regulation of certain characteristics of electromagnetic waves irradiated on the metasurface, such as frequency, polarization, phase, etc. The metasurface can be regarded as a lossy two-port network. The incident power is fed into the network from the input port, part of it is reflected from the input port, part of it is consumed in the network, and the other part is transmitted from the output port. According to the different proportions of the three power flows in the working frequency band, it is divided into reflective metasurface, absorptive metasurface and transmissive metasurface. The metasurface does not contain a radio frequency source, so it does not have the radiation ability itself and cannot actively radiate electromagnetic waves, so it needs to be used with a radiation source. For example, a feed horn and a transmissive metasurface can form a planar transmission array, and a feed horn and a reflective metasurface can form a planar reflection array. Common metasurfaces have periodic or quasi-periodic structures. If the units that make up the metasurface have the same or similar electromagnetic responses to electromagnetic waves from different directions, such units are called polarization-insensitive, or "polarization-insensitive units". Generally, the polarization-insensitive element is required to have the same or similar electromagnetic response to at least one set of polarizations in orthogonal directions, such as a cross-shaped element, a Y-shaped element, and various ring-shaped elements.

[0089] The metasurface is regarded as a two-port network. The power of the electromagnetic wave emitted from the radiation source and irradiated onto the metasurface is the input power P1 of the two-port network, and the power of the electromagnetic wave transmitted from the other side is the output power P2 of the two-port network. When the reflected power is small, the insertion loss (IL) of the metasurface can be approximately measured by the S parameter of the two-port network:

[0090]

[0091] Active metasurfaces are formed by adding active tunable devices to passive metasurfaces, such as PIN tubes and varactor diodes. The introduction of active devices further enhances the degree of freedom of metasurface design, and the electromagnetic response of the metasurface can be adjusted to achieve richer functions. The normal operation of active devices requires the corresponding bias circuit. For example, the varactor diode is a voltage-controlled element. The greater the DC voltage applied to the two ends of the varactor diode, the smaller the capacitance value of the varactor diode. For active metasurfaces, the main sources of insertion loss include the loss of the dielectric plate, the loss of the active device, and the conductor loss. In order to reduce the loss of the dielectric plate, a dielectric plate with a low dielectric constant can be selected; while for metasurfaces working in a non-resonant state, the current flowing through the metal patch and the active device is small, and the loss is small.

[0092] For the transmission type metasurface, we focus on the frequency response of its transmission coefficient and transmission phase. The transmission coefficient is the ratio of the amplitude of the transmitted wave to the amplitude of the incident wave; and the transmission phase is the difference between the phase of the transmitted wave and the phase of the incident wave. Therefore, the transmission phase can be regarded as the phase "compensated" by the metasurface for the incident electromagnetic wave. When the tunable devices on each unit of the transmission metasurface are in different states, the frequency curves of the transmission phases of different units are also different, that is, for a certain frequency in the passband, the compensation phases of different units are different. Therefore, by reasonably setting the state of the tunable device, such as setting the value of different varactor diodes, the compensation phase of the transmission metasurface can have a phase gradient.

[0093] Embodiment 1: Figure 7 The 3×1 electrically tunable array based on active transmissive metasurface is shown:

[0094] S101, determine the operating frequency band, downtilt adjustment range, unit spacing, and polarization mode of the beam reconfigurable array antenna according to engineering requirements. This embodiment is a colinear subarray (N=3) applied to a dual-polarization base station electrical adjustment antenna, and the polarization mode is ±45° dual linear polarization. Generally, the first polarization component is +45° linear polarization, and the second polarization component is -45° linear polarization.

[0095] S102, design the main radiation array 20. In this embodiment, the first main radiation unit 21, the second main radiation unit 22, and the third main radiation unit 23 are all probe-fed dual-polarized microstrip patch antennas. Taking the first main radiation unit 21 as an example, Figure 8As shown, Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the main radiation unit structure of a 3×1 / 6×1 / 6×8 electrically adjustable array based on an active transmission metasurface according to an embodiment of the present application. Each main radiation unit includes a rectangular metal driving patch 2111 and a rectangular metal parasitic patch 2112. The driving patch 2111 is located on the upper surface of the lower dielectric plate, and the parasitic patch is located on the lower surface of the upper dielectric plate. The probe 212 corresponding to the +45° linear polarization component and the probe 213 corresponding to the -45° linear polarization component pass through the lower dielectric plate and are connected to the driving patch. Among them, the structure of the second main radiation unit and the third main radiation unit is the same as that of the first main radiation unit.

[0096] S103, design the structure of the feeding module 20. Fig. 9 As shown, Fig. 9 It is a structural schematic diagram of a feeding module of a 3×1 electrically adjustable array based on an active transmission metasurface according to an embodiment of the present application. The feeding module 20 includes two feeding submodules, the feeding submodule 11 corresponds to +45° linear polarization, and the feeding submodule 12 corresponds to -45° linear polarization. Each feeding submodule includes an input port and three output ports, and the output amplitudes of the output ports are equal. The phase difference ΔΦ1 is calculated by the following formula:

[0097]

[0098] Where λ is the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the working frequency band, d is the spacing between adjacent units, θ0 is the preset deflection angle when the array is not scanning, and θ max and θ min are the maximum angle and the minimum angle of the beam scanning, respectively. The power division and phase shifting networks 115 and 125 of the feed submodule in this embodiment are in the form of an equal power division network, and the output port satisfies the gradient phase.

[0099] S104, designing the transmission metasurface 31 in the metasurface phase shifting module 10. Fig.10 As shown, Fig.10It is a schematic diagram of a single-layer structure of a metasurface unit according to an embodiment of the present application. The transmission metasurface 31 includes three metasurface units. Taking the first metasurface unit 311 as an example, the unit includes two layers of dielectric plates, and the dielectric plates are separated by air. A ring is printed on the upper surface of the upper dielectric plate and the lower surface of the lower dielectric plate, respectively, and a larger ring is printed on the lower layer of the upper dielectric plate and the upper layer of the lower dielectric plate. 3111-3114 are varactors loaded on the smaller rings, and there are 8 varactors on each metasurface unit. The four ring structures of the second metasurface unit 312 (equivalent to the passive metasurface unit in the above embodiment) are the same as the ring structure of the first metasurface unit 311, but the position of the varactors loaded on the smaller rings is replaced by a fixed capacitor with a capacitance value of C2. The structure of the third metasurface unit 313 is the same as that of the first metasurface unit 311.

[0100] S105, design the bias unit 32 in the metasurface phase shifting module 10. Fig.11 As shown, Fig.11 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the bias unit of the 3×1 electrically adjustable array based on the active transmission metasurface according to the embodiment of the present application; the first metasurface units 311 and 313 are loaded with varactor diodes, and the normal operation of the varactor diodes requires the bias structure to provide a bias voltage. The bias structure includes horizontal bias lines 3211 and 3212, vertical metal pillars 3221 and 3222, choke inductors 3231-3235, and a quarter-wavelength fan-shaped branch 324. The bias structure is symmetrical, and the bias structure of each unit includes 8 horizontal bias lines, 8 metal pillars, 20 choke inductors and 2 fan-shaped branches. 3251 and 3253 are grounding points of the bias structure, and 3252 and 3254 are input points of the DC bias voltage.

[0101] S106, design the bias voltage and fixed capacitance value C2 on each metasurface unit. When the array scans to angle θ, the compensation phases of the first, second, and third metasurface units are respectively and Since the transmission phase of the transmission metasurface unit corresponds to the value of the varactor diode loaded on the unit, the transmission phase curve at the center frequency in the passband versus the capacitance value of the varactor diode can be obtained through simulation or actual measurement. Select a point at the midpoint of the curve as a reference point, and the transmission phase of the point is The capacitance value at this point is the fixed capacitance value C2. and The calculation formula is as follows:

[0102]

[0103] With the help of the curve of transmission phase changing with capacitance value of varactor diode, we can get and The corresponding capacitance values ​​are C1 and C3 respectively.

[0104] The values ​​of the eight varactor diodes on the first metasurface unit are all the same, all C1; the voltage and capacitance curve in the varactor datasheet can be used to determine that when the varactor value is C1, the voltage applied to the pin is U1. The values ​​of the eight varactor diodes on the third metasurface unit are all the same, all C3; the voltage and capacitance curve in the varactor datasheet can be used to determine that when the varactor value is C3, the voltage applied to the pin is U3. The simulation results of the 3×1 electrically adjustable array of this embodiment scanning within the range of 2-12° are shown in Figure 1. Fig.12 shown.

[0105] Embodiment 2: Fig.13 The 6×1 electrically tunable array based on active transmissive metasurface is shown:

[0106] S201, determine the operating frequency band, downtilt adjustment range, unit spacing d, and polarization mode of the beam reconfigurable array antenna according to engineering requirements. This embodiment is a colinear subarray (N=6) applied to a dual-polarization base station electrical adjustment antenna, and the polarization mode is ±45° dual linear polarization. In general, the first polarization component is selected as +45° linear polarization, and the second polarization component is -45° linear polarization.

[0107] S202, designing a main radiation array 20. The main radiation array of this embodiment includes six main radiation units, namely a first main radiation unit 21, a second main radiation unit 22, ..., and a sixth main radiation unit 23, each of which is a probe-fed dual-polarized microstrip patch antenna.

[0108] S203, design the structure of the feeding module 30. Figure 8 As shown, the feeding module 30 includes two feeding submodules, the feeding submodule 11 corresponds to +45° linear polarization, and the feeding submodule 12 corresponds to -45° linear polarization. Each feeding submodule includes one input port and six output ports, and the phase difference ΔΦ1 of each output port is calculated by the following formula:

[0109]

[0110] Where λ is the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the working frequency band, d is the spacing between adjacent units, θ0 is the preset deflection angle when the array is not scanning, and θ max and θ min are the maximum angle and the minimum angle of the beam scanning, respectively. In this embodiment, the power division and phase shifting networks 115 and 125 of the feed submodule are in the form of an equal power division network, and the output port satisfies the gradient phase.

[0111] S204, designing the transmission metasurface 31 in the metasurface phase shifting module 10. Fig.15 As shown, the transmission metasurface 31 includes six metasurface units, wherein the first metasurface unit 311, the second metasurface unit 312, the fifth metasurface unit 315 and the sixth metasurface unit 316 are transmission-type active metasurfaces, and the third metasurface unit 313 and the fourth metasurface unit 314 are transmission-type passive metasurface units. Taking the first metasurface unit 311 as an example, the unit includes three layers of dielectric plates, and the dielectric plates are separated by air. A circular ring is printed on the upper surface of the upper dielectric plate and the lower surface of the lower dielectric plate, respectively, and a larger circular ring is printed on the lower layer of the upper dielectric plate and the upper layer of the lower dielectric plate. 3111-3114 are varactors loaded on the smaller circular rings, and there are 12 varactors on each metasurface unit. The six circular ring structures of the second metasurface unit 312, the fifth metasurface unit 315 and the sixth metasurface unit 316 are the same as the circular ring structure of the first metasurface unit 311.

[0112] S205, design the bias unit 32 in the metasurface phase shift module 10. Fig.16 As shown, the first metasurface unit 311, the second metasurface unit 312, the fifth metasurface unit 315 and the sixth metasurface unit 316 are all loaded with varactor diodes, and their normal operation requires a bias structure to provide a bias voltage. The bias structure includes horizontal bias lines 3211, 3212 and 3213, vertical metal pillars 3221, 3222 and 3223, choke inductors 3231-3238, and a quarter-wavelength fan-shaped branch 324. The structure is symmetrical, and the bias structure of each unit includes 12 horizontal bias lines, 12 metal pillars, 32 choke inductors and 2 fan-shaped branches. 3251 and 3253 are grounding points of the bias structure, and 3252 and 3254 are input points of the DC bias voltage.

[0113] S206, design the bias voltage on each metasurface unit. When the array scans to angle θ, the compensation phases of the first and second metasurface units are both The compensation phases of the third and fourth metasurface units are The compensation phases of the fifth and sixth metasurface units are Since the transmission phase of the transmission metasurface unit corresponds to the value of the varactor diode loaded on the unit, the transmission phase curve at the center frequency in the passband versus the capacitance value of the varactor diode can be obtained through simulation or actual measurement. A point near the midpoint of the curve is randomly selected as a reference point, and the transmission phase of this point is and The calculation formula is as follows:

[0114]

[0115]

[0116] With the help of the curve of transmission phase changing with capacitance value of varactor diode, we can get and The corresponding capacitance values ​​are C1 and C3 respectively.

[0117] The values ​​of the 24 varactor diodes on the first metasurface unit and the second metasurface unit are the same, both C1; the voltage and capacitance curve in the varactor datasheet can be used to determine that when the varactor value is C1, the voltage applied to the pin is U1. The values ​​of the 24 varactor diodes on the fifth metasurface unit and the sixth metasurface unit are the same, both C3; the voltage and capacitance curve in the varactor datasheet can be used to determine that when the varactor value is C3, the voltage applied to the pin is U3. The simulation results of the 6×1 electrically adjustable array of this embodiment scanning within the range of 2-12° are shown in Figure 1. Fig.17 shown.

[0118] Embodiment 3: Figure 8 The 6×8 electrically tunable array based on active transmissive metasurface is shown:

[0119] S301, determine the operating frequency band, downtilt adjustment range, unit spacing d, and polarization mode of the beam reconfigurable array antenna according to engineering requirements. This embodiment is a planar array applied to a dual-polarization base station electrical adjustment antenna, and the polarization mode is ±45° dual linear polarization. In general, the first polarization component is selected as +45° linear polarization, and the second polarization component is -45° linear polarization.

[0120] S302, design the main radiation array 20. Figure 8 As shown, the main radiation array of this embodiment includes 64 main radiation units, wherein each column includes six main radiation units and each row includes eight main radiation units.

[0121] S303, design the structure of the feeding module 30. Fig.19 The feeding module 30 includes two feeding submodules, the feeding submodule 11 corresponds to +45° linear polarization, and the feeding submodule 12 corresponds to -45° linear polarization. Each feeding submodule includes 8 input ports and 48 output ports, and the phase difference ΔΦ1 of each output port is calculated by the following formula:

[0122]

[0123] Among them, λ is the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the working frequency band, d is the unit row spacing, θ0 is the preset deflection angle when the array is not scanning, and θ max ,θ minThe power division and phase shifting networks 115 and 125 of the feed submodule in this embodiment are in the form of 8 relatively independent equally divided power division networks, and the output ports meet the gradient phase.

[0124] S304, design the transmission metasurface 31 in the metasurface phase shifting module 10. The transmission metasurface 31 includes 48 metasurface units, and each column includes 6 metasurface units. The same 8 columns of metasurface units constitute the transmission metasurface of this embodiment. Among them, the first row, the second row, the fifth row, and the sixth row are all transmission active metasurface units, and their structure is the structure of the first (second, fifth, sixth) metasurface unit of Example 2 rotated 45 degrees; the third row and the fourth row are passive metasurface units.

[0125] S305, design the bias structure 32 in the metasurface phase shift module 10. The 32 metasurface units in the first, second, fifth, and sixth rows are loaded with varactor diodes, and the 32 metasurface units in the first, second, fifth, and sixth rows need the bias structure to provide bias voltage. Each active metasurface unit bias structure includes: a horizontal bias line, a vertical metal column, and a choke inductor.

[0126] S306, design the bias voltage on each metasurface unit. When the array scans to angle θ, the compensation phase of the metasurface units in the first and second rows is φ1; the compensation phase of the metasurface units in the third and fourth rows is φ2; the compensation phase of the metasurface units in the fifth and sixth rows is φ3. Since the transmission phase of the transmission metasurface unit corresponds to the value of the varactor loaded on the unit, a curve of the transmission phase changing with the capacitance value of the varactor at the center frequency in the passband can be obtained by simulation or actual measurement. Select any point near the midpoint of the change curve as a reference point. The transmission phase of this point is φ2, and the calculation formulas for φ1 and φ3 are as follows:

[0127]

[0128]

[0129] With the aid of the curve diagram of transmission phase changing with capacitance value of the varactor diode, it can be obtained that the capacitance values ​​corresponding to φ1 and φ3 are C1 and C3 respectively.

[0130] The values ​​of the 12 varactor diodes on each metasurface unit in the first and second rows are the same, all C1; the voltage and capacitance curve in the varactor datasheet can determine that when the varactor value is C1, the voltage applied to the pin is U1. The values ​​of the 12 varactor diodes on the metasurface units in the fifth and sixth rows are the same, all C3; the voltage and capacitance curve in the varactor datasheet can determine that when the varactor value is C3, the voltage applied to the pin is U3. The simulation results of the 6×8 electrically adjustable array of this embodiment scanning in the range of 2-12° are shown in Figure 1. Fig. 20 shown.

[0131] It should be noted that the probe-fed rectangular patch used in the embodiment of the present invention is only a form of the main radiating unit, and the technical solution does not limit the specific form of the main radiating unit. For example, rectangular patches with coupled feeding or microstrip feeding, various forms of cross dipoles, various shapes of microstrip patch antennas, slot antennas and other antenna forms with dual-polarization characteristics can be used; at the same time, for the demand scenarios of single-polarized antennas and circularly polarized antennas, the embodiments of the present application can also realize air interface phase control.

[0132] The form of the power division phase shift network in the embodiment of the present invention is a Wilkinson power division phase shift network. The technical solution of the present application does not impose specific restrictions on the form of the power division phase shift network. For example, a T-junction power division phase shift network or a phase shift network with unequal amplitude output can be used.

[0133] It is understandable that the above technical solution does not limit the specific structure of the transmissive metasurface, including the unit structure, arrangement, number of cascade layers, loading position and number of active devices, etc. For example, a square ring structure, a cross-slit structure, etc.

[0134] The embodiment of the present application uses an active metasurface, and can continuously adjust the value of the varactor diode by setting the bias voltage to change the phase distribution, which is applied to electronic scanning with rapid response, flexible adjustment and higher precision. The related technology realizes electronic scanning by constructing the phase distribution through a digital phase shifter. The present application adopts a transmissive metasurface to construct an ideal gradient phase, and has low insertion loss, high antenna efficiency and high gain. Different from the transmission array antenna composed of a feed horn and a transmission metasurface, the distance from the main radiating array to the transmission metasurface breaks through the limitation of the focal diameter ratio, and the aperture size of the array does not affect the distance from the main radiating array to the transmission metasurface. Conventional transmission array antennas require the feed source and the metasurface to meet a certain focal diameter ratio relationship in order to achieve gain improvement and beam control. The present application loads an active metasurface near the air interface of the antenna unit, and the spacing breaks through the limitation of the focal diameter ratio, and air interface phase shift control can be realized at an extremely low profile. Therefore, it is particularly suitable for the electrical adjustment design, beam scanning and shaping of existing base station antennas.

[0135] The serial numbers of the above-mentioned embodiments of the present application are for description only and do not represent the advantages or disadvantages of the embodiments.

[0136] In the above embodiments of the present application, the description of each embodiment has its own emphasis. For parts that are not described in detail in a certain embodiment, please refer to the relevant description of other embodiments.

[0137] An embodiment of the present application further provides a computer-readable storage medium, in which a computer program is stored, wherein the computer program is configured to execute the steps of any of the above method embodiments when running.

[0138] In an exemplary embodiment, the computer-readable storage medium may include, but is not limited to, various media that can store computer programs, such as a USB flash drive, a read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a mobile hard disk, a magnetic disk or an optical disk.

[0139] An embodiment of the present application further provides an electronic device, including a memory and a processor, wherein a computer program is stored in the memory, and the processor is configured to run the computer program to execute the steps in any one of the above method embodiments.

[0140] In an exemplary embodiment, the electronic device may further include a transmission device and an input / output device, wherein the transmission device is connected to the processor, and the input / output device is connected to the processor.

[0141] For specific examples in this embodiment, reference may be made to the examples described in the above embodiments and exemplary implementation modes, and this embodiment will not be described in detail herein.

[0142] Obviously, those skilled in the art should understand that the above modules or steps of the present application can be implemented by a general computing device, they can be concentrated on a single computing device, or distributed on a network composed of multiple computing devices, they can be implemented by a program code executable by a computing device, so that they can be stored in a storage device and executed by the computing device, and in some cases, the steps shown or described can be executed in a different order from that herein, or they can be made into individual integrated circuit modules, or multiple modules or steps therein can be made into a single integrated circuit module for implementation. Thus, the present application is not limited to any specific combination of hardware and software.

[0143] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application. For those skilled in the art, the present application may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the principles of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A metasurface phase shifting module, characterized in that: include: A transmissive metasurface, wherein an adjustable electronic element is disposed on the transmissive metasurface; A bias unit, connected to the adjustable electronic component, inputting a bias voltage to the adjustable electronic component; Wherein, the transmission metasurface performs phase control on the received electromagnetic wave through the adjustable electronic element and the bias voltage.

2. The metasurface phase shifting module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The transmission metasurface includes: a passive metasurface unit and an active metasurface unit, wherein the active metasurface unit is provided with the adjustable electronic component, and the passive metasurface unit is provided with a fixed electronic component or a centrally symmetrical first conductive structure, wherein the circumference of the centrally symmetrical first conductive structure is a preset fixed value.

3. The metasurface phase shifting module according to claim 2, characterized in that: The passive metasurface unit and the active metasurface unit both include: a multi-layer dielectric plate, wherein two adjacent layers of dielectric plates are separated by air.

4. The metasurface phase shifting module according to claim 3, characterized in that: include: The multilayer dielectric plate of the active metasurface unit comprises: a centrally symmetrical second conductive structure; wherein the second conductive structure is provided with the adjustable electronic component.

5. The metasurface phase shifting module according to claim 4, characterized in that: include: The second conductive structure includes: a first substructure and a second substructure, wherein the perimeter of the first substructure is greater than the perimeter of the second substructure, and the adjustable electronic component is disposed on the second substructure.

6. The metasurface phase shifting module according to claim 3, characterized in that: include: The multilayer dielectric plate of the passive metasurface unit comprises: a centrally symmetrical third conductive structure, wherein the third conductive structure is provided with the fixed electronic component; or The multilayer dielectric plate of the passive metasurface unit includes: the first conductive structure.

7. The metasurface phase shifting module according to claim 6, characterized in that: include: The third conductive structure comprises: a third substructure and a fourth substructure, wherein the perimeter of the third substructure is greater than the perimeter of the fourth substructure, and the fourth substructure is provided with the fixed electronic component; or, The first conductive structure includes: a fifth substructure and a sixth substructure, wherein a perimeter of the fifth substructure is greater than a perimeter of the sixth substructure.

8. The metasurface phase shifting module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bias unit includes: a horizontal bias line, a vertical metal column connected to the horizontal bias line, a choke inductor connected to the horizontal bias line, and a fan-shaped branch connected to the vertical metal column.

9. An antenna array, characterized in that: include: Feed module, main radiation array and metasurface phase shift module, wherein: The main radiation array is used to receive the radio frequency power sent by the feeding module and output electromagnetic waves of a preset angle according to the radio frequency power; The metasurface phase shifting module comprises: a transmission metasurface and a bias unit connected to the transmission metasurface, wherein: The bias unit is used to input a bias voltage to the adjustable electronic element provided on the transmission metasurface; The transmission metasurface is used to perform phase control on the received electromagnetic wave through the adjustable electronic element and the bias voltage.

10. The antenna array according to claim 9, characterized in that: include: The feeding module is used to receive the first radio frequency power and output the second radio frequency power with a phase gradient according to the first radio frequency power; The main radiation array is used to receive the second radio frequency power sent by the feeding module and output electromagnetic waves of a preset angle according to the second radio frequency power.

11. The antenna array according to claim 10, characterized in that: The feeding module includes a first feeding submodule and a second feeding submodule, wherein: The first feeding submodule is used to receive a first polarized radio frequency power of a first polarized component; The second feeding submodule is used to receive a second polarized radio frequency power of a second polarized component, and the first radio frequency power includes the first polarized radio frequency power and the second polarized radio frequency power.

12. The antenna array according to claim 11, characterized in that: The first feed submodule comprises: a first input port, a first power division phase shift network connected to the first input port, and a plurality of first output ports connected to the first power division phase shift network; The first input port is used to receive the first polarized radio frequency power; The first power division and phase shifting network is used to divide the first polarized RF power into multiple third RF powers and distribute the multiple third RF powers to the multiple first output ports, wherein the phase difference between each two adjacent third RF powers is the same.

13. The antenna array according to claim 11, characterized in that: The second feed submodule comprises: a second input port, a second power division phase shift network connected to the second input port, and a plurality of second output ports connected to the second power division phase shift network, wherein: The second input port is used to receive the second polarized radio frequency power; The second power division and phase shifting network is used to divide the second polarized RF power into multiple fourth RF powers and distribute the multiple fourth RF powers to the multiple second output ports, wherein the phase difference of the fourth RF powers distributed to two adjacent second output ports is the same.

14. The antenna array according to claim 11, characterized in that: The main radiation array comprises: a bottom plate, a plurality of radiation units located on the bottom plate, and the radiation units comprise: a radiator, a first feeding port connected to the radiator, and a second feeding port connected to the radiator; The first feeding port is electrically connected to the output port of the first feeding submodule, and is used to receive a third radio frequency power corresponding to the first polarized radio frequency power; The second feeding port is electrically connected to the output port of the second feeding submodule, and is used to receive a fourth radio frequency power corresponding to the second polarized radio frequency power; The radiator is coupled to the metasurface unit of the metasurface phase shifting module and is used to output electromagnetic waves of a preset angle.

15. A communication device, comprising the antenna array as claimed in any one of claims 8 to 14.

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