Feature selection based on bandwidth and / or scene

Abstract

Disclosed is a method comprising the steps of: receiving, in a terminal device, one or more lists of feature sets from a network element or a user equipment, each of the one or more lists of feature sets comprising a plurality of feature sets arranged in a priority order or a rank order, wherein the one or more feature set lists are based on at least one of the following items: one or more bandwidth portions configured for the terminal device, one or more bandwidth capabilities of the terminal device, or one or more radio environment scenarios; selecting a feature set from the plurality of feature sets based at least on a priority order or a rank order; and obtaining a feature set from the one or more received signals, wherein the feature set comprises one or more radio channel features.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The following example embodiments relate to wireless communications and positioning. Background Art

[0002] Positioning technology can be used to estimate the physical location of a user device. It is desirable to improve positioning accuracy in order to more accurately estimate the location of the user device. Summary of the invention

[0003] The scope of protection sought by various exemplary embodiments is defined by the independent claims. Exemplary embodiments and features described in this specification that do not fall within the scope of the independent claims, if any, should be interpreted as examples that aid in understanding the various embodiments.

[0004] According to one aspect, a device is provided, comprising at least one processor and at least one memory, the at least one memory storing instructions, which when executed by the at least one processor causes the device to at least: receive one or more feature set lists from a network element or a user equipment, each of the one or more feature set lists comprising a plurality of feature sets arranged in a priority order or a rank order, wherein the one or more feature set lists are based on at least one of the following items: one or more bandwidth parts configured for the device, one or more bandwidth capabilities of the device, or one or more radio environment scenarios; select a feature set from the plurality of feature sets based at least on the priority order or the rank order; and obtain a feature set from one or more received signals, wherein the feature set comprises one or more radio channel characteristics.

[0005] According to another aspect, a device is provided, comprising: a component for receiving one or more feature set lists from a network element or a user equipment, each of the one or more feature set lists comprising a plurality of feature sets arranged in a priority order or a rank order, wherein the one or more feature set lists are based on at least one of the following items: one or more bandwidth parts configured for the device, one or more bandwidth capabilities of the device, or one or more radio environment scenarios; a component for selecting a feature set from the plurality of feature sets based at least on the priority order or the rank order; and a component for obtaining a feature set from one or more received signals, wherein the feature set comprises one or more radio channel characteristics.

[0006] According to another aspect, a method is provided, comprising: in a terminal device, receiving one or more feature set lists from a network element or a user device, each of the one or more feature set lists comprising a plurality of feature sets arranged in a priority order or a rank order, wherein the one or more feature set lists are based on at least one of the following items: one or more bandwidth parts configured for the terminal device, one or more bandwidth capabilities of the terminal device, or one or more radio environment scenarios; selecting a feature set from a plurality of feature sets based at least on the priority order or the rank order; and obtaining a feature set from one or more received signals, wherein the feature set comprises one or more radio channel characteristics.

[0007] According to another aspect, a computer program is provided, comprising instructions that, when executed by a device, cause the device to perform at least the following: receive one or more feature set lists from a network element or user equipment, each of the one or more feature set lists comprising a plurality of feature sets arranged in a priority order or a rank order, wherein the one or more feature set lists are based on at least one of the following items: one or more bandwidth parts configured for the device, one or more bandwidth capabilities of the device, or one or more radio environment scenarios; select a feature set from the plurality of feature sets based at least on the priority order or the rank order; and obtain a feature set from one or more received signals, wherein the feature set comprises one or more radio channel characteristics.

[0008] According to another aspect, a computer-readable medium is provided, comprising program instructions, which, when executed by an apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform at least the following: receive one or more feature set lists from a network element or user equipment, each of the one or more feature set lists comprising a plurality of feature sets arranged in a priority order or a rank order, wherein the one or more feature set lists are based on at least one of the following items: one or more bandwidth parts configured for the apparatus, one or more bandwidth capabilities of the apparatus, or one or more radio environment scenarios; select a feature set from the plurality of feature sets based at least on the priority order or the rank order; and obtain a feature set from one or more received signals, wherein the feature set comprises one or more radio channel characteristics.

[0009] According to another aspect, a non-transitory computer-readable medium is provided, comprising program instructions, which, when executed by an apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform at least the following: receive one or more feature set lists from a network element or user equipment, each of the one or more feature set lists comprising a plurality of feature sets arranged in a priority order or a rank order, wherein the one or more feature set lists are based on at least one of the following items: one or more bandwidth parts configured for the apparatus, one or more bandwidth capabilities of the apparatus, or one or more radio environment scenarios; select a feature set from the plurality of feature sets based at least on the priority order or the rank order; and obtain a feature set from one or more received signals, wherein the feature set comprises one or more radio channel characteristics.

[0010] According to another aspect, an apparatus is provided, comprising at least one processor and at least one memory, the at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to at least: determine one or more feature set lists based on at least one of the following items: one or more bandwidth parts configured for one or more user devices, one or more bandwidth capabilities of one or more user devices, or one or more radio environment scenarios associated with one or more user devices, wherein the one or more feature set lists include multiple feature sets arranged in a priority order or a rank order; and send the one or more feature set lists to the one or more user devices, wherein a feature set among the multiple feature sets includes one or more radio channel features.

[0011] According to another aspect, an apparatus is provided, comprising: a component for determining one or more feature set lists based on at least one of the following items: one or more bandwidth parts configured for one or more user devices, one or more bandwidth capabilities of one or more user devices, or one or more radio environment scenarios associated with one or more user devices, wherein the one or more feature set lists include multiple feature sets arranged in a priority order or a hierarchical order; and a component for sending the one or more feature set lists to the one or more user devices, wherein the feature sets in the multiple feature sets include one or more radio channel features.

[0012] According to another aspect, a method is provided, comprising: determining one or more feature set lists based on at least one of the following items: one or more bandwidth parts configured for one or more user devices, one or more bandwidth capabilities of one or more user devices, or one or more radio environment scenarios associated with one or more user devices, wherein the one or more feature set lists include multiple feature sets arranged in a priority order or a hierarchical order; and sending the one or more feature set lists to the one or more user devices, wherein a feature set in the multiple feature sets includes one or more radio channel features.

[0013] According to another aspect, a computer program is provided, comprising instructions that, when executed by an apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform at least the following: determine one or more feature set lists based on at least one of the following items: one or more bandwidth parts configured for one or more user devices, one or more bandwidth capabilities of one or more user devices, or one or more radio environment scenarios associated with one or more user devices, wherein the one or more feature set lists include multiple feature sets arranged in a priority order or a hierarchical order; and send the one or more feature set lists to the one or more user devices, wherein a feature set among the multiple feature sets includes one or more radio channel features.

[0014] According to another aspect, a computer-readable medium is provided, comprising program instructions, which, when executed by an apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform at least the following: determine one or more feature set lists based on at least one of the following items: one or more bandwidth parts configured for one or more user devices, one or more bandwidth capabilities of one or more user devices, or one or more radio environment scenarios associated with one or more user devices, wherein the one or more feature set lists include multiple feature sets arranged in a priority order or a hierarchical order; and send the one or more feature set lists to the one or more user devices, wherein a feature set among the multiple feature sets includes one or more radio channel features.

[0015] According to another aspect, a non-transitory computer-readable medium is provided, comprising program instructions, which, when executed by an apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform at least the following: determine one or more feature set lists based on at least one of the following items: one or more bandwidth parts configured for one or more user devices, one or more bandwidth capabilities of one or more user devices, or one or more radio environment scenarios associated with one or more user devices, wherein the one or more feature set lists include multiple feature sets arranged in a priority order or a hierarchical order; and send the one or more feature set lists to the one or more user devices, wherein a feature set among the multiple feature sets includes one or more radio channel features. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Hereinafter, various example embodiments will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which

[0017] Figure 1 An example embodiment of a cellular communication network is shown;

[0018] Figure 2 An example of positioning error due to non-line-of-sight propagation is shown;

[0019] Figure 3Ashows an example of RMS delay spread distribution with line-of-sight and non-line-of-sight measurements for different available bandwidths in a first scenario;

[0020] Figure 3B shows an example of RMS delay spread distribution with line-of-sight and non-line-of-sight measurements for different available bandwidths in a second scenario;

[0021] Figure 4 shows a signaling diagram according to an example embodiment;

[0022] Figure 5 shows a flow chart according to an example embodiment;

[0023] Figure 6 shows a flow chart according to an example embodiment;

[0024] Figure 7 shows a flow chart according to an example embodiment;

[0025] Figure 8 An example embodiment of an apparatus is shown; and

[0026] Fig. 9 An example embodiment of an apparatus is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The following embodiments are exemplary. Although this specification may refer to "an", "one" or "some" embodiments at several locations in the text, this does not necessarily mean that each reference refers to the same embodiment(s) or that a particular feature applies only to a single embodiment. Individual features of different embodiments may also be combined to provide other embodiments.

[0028] In the following, different example embodiments will be described using a radio access architecture based on Long Term Evolution Advanced (LTE-Advanced, LTE-A), New Radio (NR, 5G), Beyond 5G or Sixth Generation (6G) as an example of an access architecture to which the example embodiments may be applied, but the example embodiments are not limited to such architectures. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the example embodiments may also be applied to other types of communication networks with suitable means by appropriately adjusting parameters and procedures. Some examples of other options for suitable systems may be Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Radio Access Network (UTRAN or E-UTRAN), Long Term Evolution (LTE, which is essentially the same as E-UTRA), Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN or Wi-Fi), Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX), Personal Communications Service (PCS), Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA), systems using Ultra-Wideband (UWB) technology, sensor networks, mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs), and Internet Protocol Multimedia Subsystem (IMS), or any combination thereof.

[0029] Figure 1 Depicts an example of a simplified system architecture showing some elements and functional entities, which are all logical units and whose implementation may differ from what is shown. Figure 1 The connections shown are logical connections; the actual physical connections may be different. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the system may also include Figure 1 Other functions and structures than those shown.

[0030] However, the exemplary embodiments are not limited to the systems given as examples, but a person skilled in the art may apply the solution to other communication systems provided with the necessary properties.

[0031] Figure 1 The example of FIG. 1 shows a portion of an exemplary radio access network.

[0032] Figure 1 User equipment 100 and 102 are shown, which are configured to wirelessly connect to an access node 104 (such as an evolved Node B (abbreviated as eNB or eNodeB) or a next generation Node B (abbreviated as gNB or gNodeB)) providing a radio cell on one or more communication channels in the radio cell. The physical link from the user equipment to the access node can be called an uplink (UL) or reverse link, and the physical link from the access node to the user equipment can be called a downlink (DL) or forward link. The user equipment can also communicate directly with another user equipment via a side link (SL) communication. It should be understood that the access node or its functions can be implemented by using any node, host, server or access point entity suitable for such purpose.

[0033] The communication system may include more than one access node, in which case the access nodes may also be configured to communicate with each other via wired or wireless links designed for this purpose. These links may be used for signaling purposes. An access node may be a computing device configured to control the radio resources of the communication system to which it is coupled. An access node may also be referred to as a base station, a base transceiver station (BTS), an access point, or any other type of interface device, including a relay station capable of operating in a wireless environment. An access node may include or be coupled to a transceiver. From the transceiver of the access node, a connection to an antenna unit may be provided, which establishes a bidirectional radio link to a user device. The antenna unit may include multiple antennas or antenna elements. The access node may also be connected to a core network 110 (CN or next generation core NGC). Depending on the system, the counterpart on the CN side may be a serving gateway (S-GW, routing and forwarding user data packets), a packet data network gateway (P-GW) for providing connectivity of a user device to an external packet data network, a user plane function (UPF), a mobility management entity (MME), an access and mobility management function (AMF), or a location management function (LMF), etc.

[0034] The user equipment illustrates a device to which resources on the air interface may be allocated and assigned, and thus any features described herein with respect to the user equipment may be implemented using a corresponding device (such as a relay node).

[0035] An example of such a relay node may be a layer 3 relay towards an access node (self-backhaul relay). A self-backhaul relay node may also be referred to as an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node. An IAB node may include two logical parts: a mobile terminal (MT) part, which is responsible for the backhaul link (i.e., the link(s) between the IAB node and the donor node (also referred to as the parent node)) and a distributed unit (DU) part, which is responsible for the access link(s), i.e., the sub-link(s) between the IAB node and the user equipment(s) and / or between the IAB node and other IAB nodes (multi-hop scenario).

[0036] Another example of such a relay node may be a layer 1 relay referred to as a repeater. A repeater may amplify signals received from an access node and forward them to a user device and / or amplify signals received from a user device and forward them to an access node.

[0037] User equipment may also be referred to as a subscriber unit, mobile station, remote terminal, access terminal, user terminal, terminal device or user equipment (UE), to name just a few names or devices. User equipment may refer to a portable computing device, including wireless mobile communication devices operating with or without a subscriber identity module (SIM), including but not limited to the following types of devices: mobile station (mobile phone), smart phone, personal digital assistant (PDA), mobile phone, device using wireless modem (alarm or measurement device, etc.), laptop and / or touch screen computer, tablet computer, game console, notebook computer, multimedia device, reduced capability (RedCap) device, wireless sensor device or any device integrated in a vehicle.

[0038] It should be understood that the user device can also be an almost exclusive uplink-only device, an example of which can be a camera or video camera that loads images or video clips to the network. The user device can also be a device with the ability to operate in an Internet of Things (IoT) network, in which objects can have the ability to transmit data over a network without human-to-human or human-to-computer interaction. The user device can also utilize the cloud. In some applications, the user device may include a small portable or wearable device (such as a watch, headset, or glasses) with a radio component, and the calculation can be performed in the cloud or in another user device. The user device (or in some example embodiments, a layer 3 relay node) can be configured to perform one or more user device functions.

[0039] The various techniques described herein can also be applied to cyber-physical systems (CPS) (systems of cooperating computing elements that control physical entities). CPS can enable the implementation and utilization of a large number of interconnected ICT devices (sensors, actuators, processors microcontrollers, etc.) embedded in physical objects in different locations. Mobile cyber-physical systems are a subcategory of cyber-physical systems where the physical system in question may have inherent mobility. Examples of mobile physical systems include mobile robots and electronic devices transported by humans or animals.

[0040] Furthermore, although these devices have been described as a single entity, different units, processors and / or memory units ( Figure 1 not all shown) can be implemented.

[0041] 5G supports the use of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antennas, many more base stations or nodes than LTE (the so-called small cell concept), including macro sites that operate in cooperation with smaller stations, and adopts various radio technologies depending on service requirements, use cases and / or available spectrum. 5G mobile communications can support a wide range of use cases and related applications, including video streaming, augmented reality, different ways of data sharing and various forms of machine-type applications (such as (massive) machine-type communications (mMTC)), including vehicle safety, different sensors and real-time control. 5G may have multiple radio interfaces, namely below 6GHz, cmWave and mmWave, and can also be integrated with existing traditional radio access technologies (such as LTE). At least in the early stages, integration with LTE can be implemented as a system, where macro coverage can be provided by LTE, and 5G radio interface access can be from small cells by aggregation to LTE. In other words, 5G can support both inter-RAT operability (such as LTE-5G) and inter-RI operability (inter-radio interface operability, such as below 6GHz-cmWave-mmWave). One of the concepts being considered for use in 5G networks could be network slicing, where multiple independent and dedicated virtual subnetworks (network instances) can be created within essentially the same infrastructure to run services with different requirements for latency, reliability, throughput, and mobility.

[0042] Current architectures in LTE networks may be fully distributed in the radio and fully centralized in the core network. Low latency applications and services in 5G may require bringing content close to the radio, giving rise to local breakouts and multi-access edge computing (MEC). 5G may enable analytics and knowledge generation to occur at the data source. This approach may require leveraging resources that may not be continuously connected to the network, such as laptops, smartphones, tablets, and sensors. MEC may provide a distributed computing environment for application and service hosting. It may also have the ability to store and process content close to cellular subscribers to speed up response times. Edge computing may cover a wide range of technologies such as wireless sensor networks, mobile data collection, mobile signature analysis, collaborative distributed peer-to-peer self-organizing networks and processing, and may also be categorized as local cloud / fog computing and grid / mesh computing, dew computing, mobile edge computing, cloud, distributed data storage and retrieval, autonomous self-healing networks, remote cloud services, augmented and virtual reality, data caching, Internet of Things (massive connectivity and / or latency critical), critical communications (autonomous vehicles, traffic safety, real-time analytics, time-critical control, healthcare applications).

[0043] The communication system may also be able to communicate with or utilize services provided by other networks, such as the public switched telephone network or the Internet 112. The communication network may also be able to support the use of cloud services, for example, at least part of the core network operations may be performed as a cloud service (this is in the Figure 1 The communication system may also include a central control entity or the like, providing facilities for cooperation between networks of different operators, for example in terms of spectrum sharing.

[0044] Edge cloud can be brought into the radio access network (RAN) by leveraging network function virtualization (NFV) and software defined networking (SDN). Using edge cloud may mean that access node operations are at least partially performed in a server, host or node that is operatively coupled to a remote radio head (RRH) or a radio unit (RU), or in an access node that includes radio components. Node operations may also be distributed among multiple servers, nodes or hosts. For example, executing RAN real-time functions on the RAN side (in a distributed unit DU 104) and executing non-real-time functions in a centralized manner (in a central unit CU 108) can be achieved by applying a cloudRAN architecture.

[0045] It should also be understood that the distribution of labor between core network operations and access node operations may be different from LTE or even non-existent. Some other technological advances that may be used include big data and all-IP, which may change the way networks are built and managed. 5G (or New Radio NR) networks can be designed to support multiple hierarchical structures, where MEC servers can be placed between the core and access nodes. It should be understood that MEC can also be applied to 4G networks.

[0046] 5G can also leverage non-terrestrial communications, such as satellite communications, to enhance or supplement the coverage of 5G services, for example by providing backhaul. Possible use cases could be providing service continuity for machine-to-machine (M2M) or Internet of Things (IoT) devices or for onboard passengers, or ensuring service availability for critical communications and future rail / maritime / aeronautical communications. Satellite communications can leverage geostationary orbit (GEO) satellite systems as well as low earth orbit (LEO) satellite systems, in particular mega-constellations (systems in which hundreds of (nano) satellites are deployed). At least one satellite 106 in a mega-constellation can cover multiple satellite-enabled network entities creating a terrestrial cell. The terrestrial cell can be created by a terrestrial relay node 104 or by a gNB located on the ground or in a satellite.

[0047] 6G networks are expected to adopt flexible decentralized and / or distributed computing systems and architectures and ubiquitous computing, with local spectrum licensing, spectrum sharing, infrastructure sharing, and intelligent automated management, all based on mobile edge computing, artificial intelligence, short packet communications, and blockchain technologies. The main features of 6G may include intelligent connection management and control functions, programmability, integrated sensing and communications, reduced energy footprint, trusted infrastructure, scalability, and affordability. In addition to this, 6G also targets new use cases, covering the integration of positioning and sensing features into system definitions to unify user experiences in the physical and digital worlds.

[0048] It is obvious to a person skilled in the art that the described system is only an example of a part of a radio access system, and in practice the system may include multiple access nodes, a user equipment may have access to multiple radio cells, and the system may also include other devices, such as physical layer relay nodes or other network elements, etc. At least one of the access nodes may be a Home eNodeB or a Home gNodeB.

[0049] In addition, the access node can also be divided into: a radio unit (RU), including a radio transceiver (TRX), i.e., a transmitter (Tx) and a receiver (Rx); one or more distributed units (DU), which can be used for so-called layer 1 (L1) processing and real-time layer 2 (L2) processing; and a central unit (CU) (also known as a centralized unit), which can be used for non-real-time L2 and layer 3 (L3) processing. The CU can be connected to one or more DUs, for example, by using an F1 interface. This split can achieve centralization of the CU relative to the cell site and the DU, while the DU can be more decentralized and can even be retained at the cell site. The CU and DU can also be collectively referred to as a baseband or baseband unit (BBU). The CU and DU can also be included in a radio access point (RAP).

[0050] A CU may be defined as a logical node that hosts higher layer protocols of an access node, such as radio resource control (RRC), service data adaptation protocol (SDAP), and / or packet data convergence protocol (PDCP). A DU may be defined as a logical node that hosts the radio link control (RLC), media access control (MAC), and / or physical (PHY) layers of an access node. The operation of a DU may be at least partially controlled by a CU. A CU may include a control plane (CU-CP), which may be defined as a logical node that hosts the control plane portion of the RRC and PDCP protocols of a CU for an access node. A CU may also include a user plane (CU-UP), which may be defined as a logical node that hosts the user plane portion of the PDCP protocol and the SDAP protocol of a CU of an access node.

[0051] The cloud computing platform can also be used to run the CU and / or DU. The CU can run in the cloud computing platform, which can be called a virtualized CU (vCU). In addition to the vCU, there can also be a virtualized DU (vDU) running in the cloud computing platform. In addition, there can also be a combination in which the DU can use a so-called bare metal solution, such as an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) or a customer-specific standard product (CSSP) system-on-chip (SoC) solution. It should also be understood that the labor distribution between the above-mentioned access node units or different core network operations and access node operations may be different.

[0052] In addition, in a geographical area of ​​a radio communication system, a plurality of different types of radio cells and a plurality of radio cells may be provided. A radio cell may be a macro cell (or umbrella cell), which may be a large cell up to tens of kilometres in diameter, or a smaller cell such as a micro, femto or pico cell. Figure 1 (Multiple) access nodes can provide any type of these cells. A cellular radio system can be implemented as a multi-layer network including multiple radio cells. In a multi-layer network, one access node can provide one or more radio cells, so multiple access nodes may be needed to provide such a network structure.

[0053] In order to meet the needs of improving the deployment and performance of communication systems, the concept of "plug and play" access nodes can be introduced. A network that can use "plug and play" access nodes can also include a home Node B gateway or HNB-GW (HNB-GW) in addition to a home eNodeB or a home gNodeB. Figure 1 (not shown). The HNB-GW, which may be installed within the operator's network, may aggregate traffic from a large number of Home eNodeBs or Home gNodeBs back to the core network.

[0054] Positioning techniques may be used to estimate the physical location of a user equipment. The user equipment to be positioned is referred to herein as a target UE. For example, the following positioning techniques may be used in NR: downlink time difference of arrival (DL-TDoA), uplink time difference of arrival (UL-TDoA), downlink angle of departure (DL-AoD), uplink angle of arrival (UL-AoA), and / or multi-cell round trip time (multi-RTT).

[0055] In wireless positioning, multiple positioning anchors in a known position may send and / or receive one or more positioning reference signals (PRS) to a target UE and / or from a target UE. For example, multi-point positioning techniques may then be used to localize (i.e., position) the target UE relative to the positioning anchor. A positioning anchor may also be referred to herein as an anchor, a multi-point positioning anchor, or a reference point. A positioning anchor may be, for example, a radio access node (in uplink / downlink positioning) or another UE (in sidelink positioning).

[0056] Figure 2 An example of positioning error 202 of UE 201 due to non-line-of-sight propagation is shown. Most time-based and angle-based positioning techniques expect a direct path 203, i.e., line-of-sight (LOS) propagation between transmitter 200 and receiver 201. If the direct path 203 is blocked and the signal reaches the receiver from an indirect path 204, i.e., non-line-of-sight (NLOS) propagation is likely to exist, the positioning accuracy may be correspondingly reduced due to inaccurate ranging (e.g., Figure 2 as shown) or is degraded by inaccurate geometry estimates for time-based and angle-based techniques.

[0057] Therefore, classifying channel measurements as LOS / NLOS can enhance positioning performance. In other words, LOS / NLOS classification can be used to distinguish LOS channels from NLOS channels. Such classification results can be used in a variety of ways during position estimation, such as by ignoring NLOS measurements and prioritizing LOS measurements to select clear distance information.

[0058] LOS / NLOS identification based on artificial intelligence (AI) or machine learning (ML) can be used to provide positioning accuracy enhancement. In direct AI / ML positioning, the output of AI / ML model inference is the UE position. For this positioning method, measurements made by the UE at various locations within the network can be utilized to build a comprehensive data set that can be used to train a machine learning model that can predict the UE position.

[0059] In AI / ML assisted positioning, the output of AI / ML model inference is new measurements and / or enhancements to existing measurements. These new measurements and / or enhancements to existing measurements can then be used to determine the UE location, which can achieve higher accuracy than traditional methods.

[0060] In the context of AI / ML for positioning accuracy enhancement, sub-use cases can be specified by the inputs and outputs of the AI / ML model.

[0061] Some example embodiments may provide a process to improve AI / ML based LOS / NLOS classification accuracy by determining (or specifying) the most suitable input for the AI / ML classifier, thereby facilitating high-precision positioning. For example, features extracted from the channel impulse response (CIR) or some other signal attribute may be used as input for the AI / ML model.

[0062] The complexity of the radio environment makes it difficult to accurately model radio propagation conditions. Therefore, data-driven techniques and machine learning can provide solutions to the LOS / NLOS classification problem. The classification algorithm can exploit the fact that LOS and NLOS channel measurements or CIRs look different from each other. This difference can be represented numerically by the values ​​of relevant features extracted from the CIR. For example, compared to the LOS CIR, the NLOS CIR may have a higher delay spread, less peak CIR shape, a lower maximum to average power ratio, a higher rise time, etc.

[0063] However, the radio environment may vary in different scenarios depending on the size, distribution and material of objects / obstructions in the environment, causing differences in the penetration, reflection and diffraction of radio signals from these objects. Similarly, the amount of available bandwidth (BW) affects the shape of the CIR by determining the temporal resolution of the CIR, which further affects the features extracted from the CIR. Therefore, the distinguishing ability of the features varies in different available bandwidths and different scenarios.

[0064] Figure 3A An example of the distribution (ie, probability density function PDF) of the root mean square (RMS) delay spread of LOS and NLOS measurements with different available bandwidths in the first scenario is shown.

[0065] Figure 3B An example of the distribution (ie, PDF) of the RMS delay spread of LOS and NLOS measurements with different available bandwidths in the second scenario is shown.

[0066] exist Figure 3A In the first scenario, when 500 MHz of BW is available, the RMS delay spread may be a distinguishing channel characteristic for LOS / NLOS classification. Figure 3A In the first scenario, the discrimination capability may be reduced for BW of 50MHz or lower. Figure 3A , where for a BW of 500 MHz there are two clear peaks 311, 312 belonging to the LOS and NLOS measurements, while for a BW of 50 MHz or 20 MHz there are no distinguishable peaks. Figure 3BIn the second scenario, even for an available BW of 500 MHz, the RMS delay spread is not a good classifier (i.e., Figure 3B In the example above, there are no distinguishable peaks even for a BW of 500 MHz).

[0067] To address this issue, some example embodiments provide a framework for BW-related and / or scenario-related feature set selection and related signaling between network entities. In addition to improving LOS / NLOS classification accuracy, such a feature set selection mechanism may also be relevant to the input of a specified AI / ML model.

[0068] Some example embodiments are described below using the principles and terminology of 5G technology, however, the example embodiments are not limited to 5G communication systems.

[0069] Figure 4 A signaling diagram according to an example embodiment is shown.

[0070] refer to Figure 4 In block 401, a network element such as a location server or location management function (LMF) collects channel measurements or CIR measurements from one or more scenes of interest, where the scene may represent, for example, a cell, a specific set of cells, a cell sector, one or more indoor areas, one or more areas with specific propagation conditions, etc. In other words, the scenes herein may refer to different radio environment scenarios. These channel measurements do not need to be marked as LOS / NLOS. The term "channel" herein may refer to a radio channel.

[0071] In block 402, the UE reports one or more bandwidth capabilities and / or one or more configured bandwidth parts of the UE to the network element. Bandwidth capabilities may refer to the available bandwidth at the UE for positioning. The UE may be configured with one or more configured bandwidth parts (BWPs) or carriers, each with its own UE channel bandwidth. The UE may also report the computing capabilities of the UE to the network element.

[0072] In block 403, the network element determines a ranked feature set list based on one or more configured BWPs reported by the UE and a scenario of interest (e.g., for a UE residing in a particular set of cells, for a UE residing in a particular indoor area) to achieve high LOS / NLOS classification accuracy for the BWP reported by the UE based on the LOS / NLOS discrimination capability feature set. The determination may also be based on the computational capabilities of the UE. The ranked feature set list includes a plurality of feature sets arranged in a priority order or rank order (i.e., arranged according to priority or rank). A given feature set may include one or more radio channel features.

[0073] For example, if labeled test data is available, the priority order or rank order of feature sets can be determined based on the classification accuracy or positioning accuracy obtained using each feature set. As another example, the priority order or rank order of feature sets can be determined based on the separation / separability of LOS / NLOS classes in the feature domain. In other words, the priority order or rank order of multiple feature sets can be based on one or a combination of the following: the classification accuracy using each of the multiple feature sets, the positioning accuracy using each of the multiple feature sets, or the separation or separability of LOS and NLOS classes in the feature domain.

[0074] A given ranked feature set list may correspond to different BW capabilities and different scenarios of interest. Additionally or alternatively, a given ranked feature set list may correspond to one or more carriers or frequency ranges (FRs).

[0075] In block 404, the UE may request a list of feature sets from the network element for LOS / NLOS classification. For example, the UE may send the request via the LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP). However, it should be noted that the request may be optional.

[0076] The UE may also request a validity time for the feature set list, where the validity time may be based on the mobility conditions of the UE. The validity time indicates the time for which the feature set list is valid. This may be conveyed, for example, in terms of a duration expressed in subframe numbers for which the feature set list is valid, from the moment the message is received at the UE, or from the moment the UE detects the PRS.

[0077] In block 405, the network element sends or broadcasts the ranked feature set list to the UE. The ranked feature set list may be sent, for example, in an LPP assistance data information element (IE), i.e., directly from the LMF to the UE via the LPP. Alternatively, the LMF may send the ranked feature set list to the UE's serving gNB via the New Radio Positioning Protocol A (NRPPa), and the gNB may then forward the ranked feature set list to the UE. The network element may also indicate to the UE the validity time of the ranked feature set list based on UE mobility.

[0078] For example, a given feature or feature set in the ordered feature set list may be indicated by an identifier known to the UE (e.g., Feature ID #1) so that the UE can interpret and compute the feature(s). For this option, the UE should have a pre-stored dictionary to match the signaled ID with a feature or feature set that the UE knows how to compute / calculate.

[0079] Alternatively, a given feature or feature set may be indicated together with information on how to obtain or calculate it, for example: "Feature 1 is calculated by sum(CIR) / std(CIR)". For this option, the UE should also know how to interpret the signaled information.

[0080] The network element may broadcast the ranked feature set list to the UE in response to a request to provide the feature set list that may be received from the UE. Alternatively, the network element may trigger the broadcast of a new feature set list corresponding to different BW capabilities, or broadcast this information periodically, depending on dynamic changes in the radio environment.

[0081] In one example, the network element may determine the ranked feature set list based on a coarse or rough location of the UE or based on radio measurements reported from the UE that indicate the radio environment in which the UE is located. If the UE requests the feature set list from the network element, the network element may signal the ranked feature set list to the UE taking into account one or more configured BWPs at the UE. For example, the signaled feature sets may take the following form: [{{feature set 1, level / priority 1}, {feature set 2, level / priority 2}, ...}]. This approach may be beneficial because the ranked feature set list sent by the network element to a particular UE matches the capabilities of that UE. Therefore, when the number of UEs with different capabilities is small, signaling is more efficient than the broadcast approach.

[0082] Alternatively, the network element may broadcast one or more ranked feature set lists corresponding to different BW capabilities, for example, via system information broadcast or system information block (SIB) RRC signaling. For example, the network element may actively broadcast one or more ranked feature set lists, where a given feature set is associated with one or more bandwidth values ​​or bandwidth fraction values ​​or bandwidth ranges and with certain radio environment scenarios (e.g., areas such as cells or indoor environments). That is, for example, before receiving a request from the UE to provide a feature set list, the network element may include a mapping association of feature sets with a range of bandwidth values ​​in a PosSIB broadcast message.

[0083] For example, a list of broadcast feature sets with associated bandwidth portion values ​​and radio environment scenarios (regions) may take the following form: [Region #1 (e.g., Cell #1, 2, 3) - {{BW #1, {Feature Set 1, Level / Priority 1}, {Feature Set 2, Level / Priority 2}, ...}, {BW #2, {Feature Set 3, Level / Priority 1}, {Feature Set 4, Level / Priority 2}, ...}, ...}, Region #2 (e.g., Cell #4, 5, 6) - {{BW #1, {Feature Set 5, Level / Priority 1}, {Feature Set 6, Level / Priority 2}, ...}, {BW #2, {Feature Set 7, Level / Priority 1}, {Feature Set 8, Level / Priority 2}, ...}, ...}, ...]

[0084] As another example, a broadcasted list of feature sets with associated bandwidth ranges (rather than a single bandwidth portion value) may take the form: {{BW1: X MHz - BW2: Y MHz, {feature set 1, level / priority 1}, {feature set 2, level / priority 2}, ...}, {BW2: Y MHz - BW3: Z MHz, {feature set 3, level / priority 1}, {feature set 4, level / priority 2}, ...}, ...}

[0085] This active broadcasting of the feature set list allows the UE to easily adapt the usage of feature sets to its BW conditions. In scenarios with a high density of UEs, broadcasting may be a more efficient solution compared to a large amount of one-to-one signaling with the UEs. Another benefit is a faster configuration of feature sets on the UE side in cases where the UE frequently switches from RRC_IDLE or RRC_INACTIVE state to RRC_CONNECTED (and vice versa), because in this case the steps of requesting and providing the feature set list do not need to be repeated. Another benefit is a faster adjustment of the used feature sets in cases where the UE needs to adjust the BW used for positioning. For example, for power saving purposes, the UE may use a limited BW, but when the UE arrives in a certain area, the BW usage may need to be increased and the UE may need to use a different feature set quickly.

[0086] In block 406, the UE selects a feature set from the received feature set list according to a priority order or a rank order for LOS / NLOS classification corresponding to its configured BWP and coarse position. The feature set indicates one or more characteristics of the radio channel. For example, the feature set may indicate at least one of the following characteristics: RMS delay spread, average or total energy of one or more received channel responses or waveforms, kurtosis, average excess delay, maximum amplitude of one or more received channel responses or waveforms, rise time, skewness, Rician K-factor (or maximum power / amplitude divided by average power / amplitude), and / or standard deviation or variance of one or more received channel responses or waveforms.

[0087] Here, for example, kurtosis can be defined as the fourth normalized moment, which is calculated as mean(X)^4 / std(X)^4, where X can be the CIR. Kurtosis is a measure of the "tail" of a distribution or signal, and is sometimes also considered to be related to the "peak".

[0088] The characteristics of RMS delay spread can be defined as follows: RMS delay spread is the standard deviation (or root mean square) value of the reflection delay, weighted proportionally with the energy in the reflected wave. Reflections are defined as paths of estimated channel impulse responses (CIRs), where the CIR is estimated using one or more PRS resources. The CIR is defined by a set of paths, each of which is characterized by a complex gain and a delay, where the delay describes the amount by which the signal is delayed when traveling on the corresponding propagation path, and the complex gain characterizes how the power of the signal is attenuated and how its phase is changed by the corresponding reflector. RMS delay spread may be applicable to UEs in RRC_CONNECTED state performing intra-frequency measurements, UEs in RRC_CONNECTED state performing inter-frequency measurements, and UEs in RRC_INACTIVE state.

[0089] In block 407, the UE obtains or extracts a set of features from the one or more received signals and uses them for LOS / NLOS classification. The one or more received signals may refer to, for example, one or more received channel responses or waveforms. LOS / NLOS classification means that the UE classifies a channel measurement or one or more received signals (e.g., one or more received waveforms) as line-of-sight or non-line-of-sight based on the extracted set of features. In other words, the UE can classify any UE measurements used for positioning purposes, where these measurements are shaped by the transmitted waveform and the channel. LOS / NLOS classification can be done by the UE based on the link with the gNB or TRP.

[0090] In block 408, the UE may report the classification result to the network element (eg, in the case of network-based positioning). Alternatively, in the case of UE-based positioning, the UE may not report the classification result to the network element.

[0091] For example, when estimating the position of the UE, the network element or UE may ignore NLOS measurements and prioritize LOS measurements. As another example, when estimating the position of the UE, the network element or UE may give a lower weight to NLOS measurements. As another example, the network element or UE may select a positioning algorithm based on the number or status of LOS and NLOS positioning measurements. As another example, the network element or UE may pre-process LOS and NLOS measurements differently, for example: i) apply different algorithms when processing them for further parameter estimation, such as ToA / AoA estimation, or ii) apply mitigation to NLOS measurements.

[0092] The UE may also report to the network element the feature set it is currently using. The network element may then check for a better feature set, leading to a higher LOS / NLOS classification accuracy. For example, the report may be attached as an LPP measurement report IE and sent simultaneously with the classification result.

[0093] In block 409, the UE may proactively request or instruct the network element to update the currently or previously reported feature set list. The update indication may be based on at least one of the following: UE mobility conditions, radio channel conditions, or incremental calculations based on estimated measurements and outputs inferred by AI / ML at the UE. The UE may send an update indication directly to the LMF via LPP. Alternatively, the UE may send an update indication to its serving gNB using a MAC control element (CE) or uplink control information (UCI), which then forwards the update indication to the LMF via NRPPa.

[0094] In another example embodiment, the entity that determines (computes) the feature set list(s) may be a user device (rather than an entity of a network element, such as an LMF) that has sufficient memory and computing power to determine the feature set list(s). The user device may signal the feature set list(s) to surrounding UEs via a side link. Otherwise, such example embodiments may be similar to those described above with reference to Figure 4 Similar to the description.

[0095] Figure 5 A flow chart according to an example embodiment of a method performed by an apparatus such as or comprising or included in a user equipment is shown. A user equipment may also be referred to as a subscriber unit, mobile station, remote terminal, access terminal, user terminal, terminal device, user equipment (UE) or target UE.

[0096] refer to Figure 5In block 501, one or more feature set lists are received from a network element or from another user equipment, each feature set list comprising a plurality of feature sets arranged in a priority order or a hierarchical order, wherein the one or more feature set lists are based on at least one of the following items: one or more bandwidth portions configured for the device, one or more bandwidth capabilities of the device, or one or more radio environment scenarios.

[0097] The plurality of feature sets may be associated with a configured bandwidth portion value or bandwidth range for each of the plurality of feature sets.

[0098] In block 502, a feature set is selected from a plurality of feature sets based at least on a priority order or a rank order.

[0099] The feature set may be further selected based on at least one of: a configured bandwidth portion of the device, a bandwidth capability of the device, a computing capability of the device, and / or a radio environment in which the device is located. The configured bandwidth portion of the device may correspond to a configured bandwidth portion value or bandwidth range associated with one of the feature sets. The radio environment may correspond to one of the one or more radio environment scenarios.

[0100] In block 503, a feature set is obtained or extracted from one or more received signals, wherein the feature set includes one or more radio channel features.

[0101] As used herein, “at least one of: ” and “at least one of ” and similar expressions, where a list of two or more elements is connected by “and” or “or”, mean at least any one element, or at least two or more elements, or at least all elements.

[0102] Figure 6 A flow chart according to another example embodiment of a method performed by an apparatus such as or including or comprised in a user equipment is shown. A user equipment may also be referred to as a subscriber unit, mobile station, remote terminal, access terminal, user terminal, terminal device, user equipment (UE) or target UE.

[0103] In this example embodiment, a user device that receives the feature set list(s) from the LMF may relay the feature set list(s) to another user device via a side link.

[0104] See also Figure 6In block 601, one or more feature set lists are received from a network element such as an LMF, each feature set list comprising a plurality of feature sets arranged in a priority order or a hierarchical order, wherein the one or more feature set lists are based on at least one of the following items: one or more bandwidth parts configured for the device, one or more bandwidth capabilities of the device, or one or more radio environment scenarios.

[0105] In block 602, a message indicating one or more feature set lists is sent or relayed to one or more other user devices via a side link.

[0106] In addition to blocks 601 and 602, the device may also perform Figure 5 Blocks 502 and 503.

[0107] Figure 7 A flow chart according to an example embodiment of a method performed by an apparatus such as or comprising or included in a network element is shown. The network element may be, for example, a location server LMF or an access node such as a gNB. Alternatively, the apparatus (i.e. the entity determining (calculating) the feature set list(s)) may be a user equipment having sufficient memory and computing power to determine the feature set list(s). The user equipment may signal the feature set list(s) to surrounding UEs via a side link.

[0108] refer to Figure 7 In block 701, one or more feature set lists are determined based on at least one of the following items: one or more bandwidth parts configured for one or more user devices, one or more bandwidth capabilities of one or more user devices, or one or more radio environment scenarios associated with one or more user devices, wherein the one or more feature set lists include multiple feature sets arranged in a priority order or a hierarchical order.

[0109] In block 702, one or more feature set lists are sent to one or more user equipment, wherein a feature set of the plurality of feature sets includes one or more radio channel characteristics.

[0110] The plurality of feature sets may be associated with a configured bandwidth portion value or bandwidth range for each of the plurality of feature sets.

[0111] The above Figures 4 to 7 The blocks, related functions and information exchanges (messages) described have no absolute time order, some of which may be executed simultaneously or in an order different from the described order. Other functions may also be executed between or within them, and other information may be sent and / or other rules may be applied. Some blocks or parts of blocks or one or more pieces of information may also be omitted or replaced by corresponding blocks or parts of blocks or one or more pieces of information.

[0112] Figure 8 An example embodiment of an apparatus 800 is shown, which may be an apparatus such as or including or included in a user equipment. The user equipment may correspond to Figure 1 The user equipment 100, 102 may also be referred to as a subscriber unit, a mobile station, a remote terminal, an access terminal, a user terminal, a terminal device, a user equipment (UE), or a target UE.

[0113] The apparatus 800 includes at least one processor 810. The at least one processor 810 interprets computer program instructions and processes data. The at least one processor 810 may include one or more programmable processors. The at least one processor 810 may include programmable hardware with embedded firmware, and may alternatively or additionally include one or more application specific integrated circuits (ASICs).

[0114] At least one processor 810 is coupled to at least one memory 820. At least one processor is configured to read and write data from at least one memory 820. At least one memory 820 may include one or more memory cells. The memory cells may be volatile or non-volatile. It should be noted that in some example embodiments, there may be one or more cells of non-volatile memory and one or more cells of volatile memory, or, alternatively, there may be one or more cells of non-volatile memory, or, alternatively, there may be one or more cells of volatile memory. The volatile memory may be, for example, a random access memory (RAM), a dynamic random access memory (DRAM), or a synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM). The non-volatile memory may be, for example, a read-only memory (ROM), a programmable read-only memory (PROM), an electronically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), a flash memory, an optical memory, or a magnetic memory. In general, a memory may be referred to as a non-transitory computer-readable medium. At least one memory 820 stores computer-readable instructions that are executed by at least one processor 810 to perform one or more of the above-described example embodiments. For example, non-volatile memory stores computer readable instructions, and at least one processor 810 executes instructions using volatile memory to temporarily store data and / or instructions.

[0115] The computer readable instructions may have been pre-stored in at least one memory 820, or, additionally or alternatively, they may be received by the device via an electromagnetic carrier signal and / or may be copied from a physical entity (such as a computer program product). Execution of the computer readable instructions by at least one processor 810 causes the device 800 to perform one or more of the above-described example embodiments. That is, at least one processor and at least one memory storing instructions may provide means for providing or causing the execution of any of the methods and / or blocks described above.

[0116] In the context of this document, "memory" or "computer-readable medium" or "computer-readable medium" can be any non-transitory medium or media or component that can contain, store, communicate, propagate or transfer instructions for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus or device (such as a computer). The term "non-transitory" as used herein is a limitation of the medium itself (i.e., tangible, not a signal), not a limitation of data storage persistence (e.g., RAM vs. ROM).

[0117] The device 800 may also include or be connected to an input unit 830. The input unit 830 may include one or more interfaces for receiving input. The one or more interfaces may include, for example, one or more temperature, motion and / or orientation sensors, one or more cameras, one or more accelerometers, one or more microphones, one or more buttons and / or one or more touch detection units. In addition, the input unit 830 may include an interface to which an external device may be connected.

[0118] The device 800 may also include an output unit 840. The output unit may include or be connected to one or more displays capable of presenting visual content, such as a light emitting diode (LED) display, a liquid crystal display (LCD), and / or a liquid crystal on silicon (LCoS) display. The output unit 840 may also include one or more audio outputs. The one or more audio outputs may be, for example, a speaker.

[0119] The device 800 also includes a connection unit 850. The connection unit 850 implements wireless connectivity with one or more external devices. The connectivity unit 850 includes at least one transmitter and at least one receiver, which can be integrated into the device 800 or the device 800 can be connected to them. At least one transmitter includes at least one transmitting antenna, and at least one receiver includes at least one receiving antenna. The connectivity unit 850 may include an integrated circuit or a set of integrated circuits that provide wireless communication capabilities for the device 800. Alternatively, the wireless connectivity can be a hardwired application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC). The connectivity unit 850 may include one or more components, such as: a power amplifier, a digital front end (DFE), an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), a digital-to-analog converter (DAC), a frequency converter, a (de)modulator and / or an encoder / decoder circuit system, which is controlled by a corresponding control unit.

[0120] It should be noted that the apparatus 800 may also include Figure 8 Various components are not shown in the figure. The various components can be hardware components and / or software components.

[0121] Fig. 9 The apparatus 900 shows an example embodiment of an apparatus such as or including or included in a network element of a radio access network. The network element may also be referred to as, for example, a network node, a location server, a location management function (LMF), a radio access network (RAN) node, a next generation radio access network (NG-RAN) node, a NodeB, an eNB, a gNB, a base transceiver station (BTS), a base station, a NR base station, a 5G base station, an access node, an access point (AP), a relay node, a relay, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, an IAB donor node, a distributed unit (DU), a central unit (CU), a baseband unit (BBU), a radio unit (RU), a radio head, a remote radio head (RRH), or a transmission and reception point (TRP).

[0122] The device 900 may include, for example, a circuit system or a chipset suitable for implementing one or more of the above-described example embodiments. The device 900 may be an electronic device including one or more electronic circuit systems. The device 900 may include a communication control circuit system 910, such as at least one processor, and at least one memory 920 storing instructions, which, when executed by at least one processor, causes the device 900 to perform one or more of the above-described example embodiments. Such instructions may, for example, include computer program code (software) 922, wherein at least one memory and computer program code (software) 922 are configured to cause the device 900 to perform some of the above-described example embodiments together with at least one processor. Here, the computer program code may further refer to an instruction, which, when executed by at least one processor, causes the device 900 to perform one or more of the above-described example embodiments. That is, at least one processor and at least one memory storing instructions may provide a component for providing or causing the execution of any of the above-described methods and / or blocks.

[0123] The processor is coupled to the memory 920. The processor is configured to read and write data from the memory 920. The memory 920 may include one or more memory cells. The memory cells may be volatile or non-volatile. It should be noted that in some example embodiments, there may be one or more cells of non-volatile memory and one or more cells of volatile memory, or, alternatively, there may be one or more cells of non-volatile memory, or, alternatively, there may be one or more cells of volatile memory. The volatile memory may be, for example, a random access memory (RAM), a dynamic random access memory (DRAM), or a synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM). The non-volatile memory may be, for example, a read-only memory (ROM), a programmable read-only memory (PROM), an electronically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), flash memory, optical storage, or magnetic storage. In general, the memory may be referred to as a non-transitory computer-readable medium. The memory 920 stores computer-readable instructions executed by the processor. For example, the non-volatile memory stores computer-readable instructions, and the processor uses the volatile memory to temporarily store data and / or instructions to execute the instructions.

[0124] The computer readable instructions may have been pre-stored in the memory 920, or, additionally or alternatively, they may be received by the device via an electromagnetic carrier signal and / or may be copied from a physical entity (such as a computer program product). Execution of the computer readable instructions causes the device 900 to perform one or more of the functions described above.

[0125] The memory 920 may be implemented using any suitable data storage technology, such as semiconductor-based memory devices, flash memory, magnetic memory devices and systems, optical memory devices and systems, fixed memory, and / or removable memory. The memory may include a configuration database for storing configuration data. For example, the configuration database may store a current neighbor cell list and, in some example embodiments, a structure of frames used in detected neighbor cells.

[0126] The device 900 may also include a communication interface 930, including hardware and / or software for implementing communication connectivity according to one or more communication protocols. The communication interface 930 includes at least one transmitter (Tx) and at least one receiver (Rx), which may be integrated into the device 900 or may be connected to the device 900. The communication interface 930 may include one or more components, such as: a power amplifier, a digital front end (DFE), an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), a digital-to-analog converter (DAC), a frequency converter, a (de)modulator and / or an encoder / decoder circuit system, controlled by a corresponding control unit.

[0127] The communication interface 930 provides the device with radio communication capabilities to communicate in a cellular communication system. The communication interface may, for example, provide a radio interface to one or more user equipments. The device 900 may also include another interface towards a core network entity (such as an AMF) and / or an access node of a cellular communication system.

[0128] It should be noted that the apparatus 900 may also include Fig. 9 Various components are not shown in the figure. The various components can be hardware components and / or software components.

[0129] As used in this application, the term "circuitry" may refer to one or more or all of the following: a) a hardware circuit implementation only (such as an implementation in analog and / or digital circuitry only); and b) a combination of hardware circuitry and software, such as (as applicable): i) a combination of (multiple) analog and / or digital hardware circuits and software / firmware; and ii) any portion of a (multiple) hardware processor with software (including (multiple) digital signal processors, software and (multiple) memories that work together to enable the device (such as a mobile phone) to perform various functions); and c) (multiple) hardware circuits and / or (multiple) processors, such as (multiple) microprocessors or portions of (multiple) microprocessors, which require software (e.g. firmware) to operate, but the software may not be present when the software is not required to operate.

[0130] This definition of circuitry applies to all uses of the term in this application, including in any claims. As a further example, as used in this application, the term "circuitry" also covers an implementation of only a hardware circuit or processor (or multiple processors) or a portion of a hardware circuit or processor and its (or their) accompanying software and / or firmware. The term "circuitry" also covers, for example, a baseband integrated circuit or processor integrated circuit for a mobile device or a similar integrated circuit in a server, cellular network device, or other computing or network device, if applicable to the particular claim element.

[0131] The techniques and methods described herein can be implemented in various ways. For example, these techniques can be implemented in hardware (one or more devices), firmware (one or more devices), software (one or more modules), or a combination thereof. For hardware implementation, the (multiple) devices of the example embodiments can be implemented in one or more application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), digital signal processors (DSPs), digital signal processing devices (DSPDs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), graphics processing units (GPUs), processors, controllers, microcontrollers, microprocessors, other electronic units designed to perform the functions described herein, or a combination thereof. For firmware or software, the implementation can be performed by a module (e.g., a process, a function, etc.) of at least one chipset that performs the functions described herein. The software code can be stored in a memory unit and executed by a processor. The memory unit can be implemented in a processor or implemented outside the processor. In the latter case, it can be coupled to the processor in communication via various means, as is known in the art. In addition, the components of the system described herein can be rearranged and / or supplemented by additional components to facilitate the various aspects of its description, etc., and they are not limited to the precise configurations set forth in a given figure, as will be understood by those skilled in the art.

[0132] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that, as technology advances, the inventive concept can be implemented in various ways. The embodiments are not limited to the above-described example embodiments, but may vary within the scope of the claims. Therefore, all words and expressions should be interpreted broadly, and they are intended to illustrate the example embodiments, not to limit the example embodiments.

Claims

1. An apparatus comprising at least one processor and at least one memory, wherein the at least one memory stores instructions, which when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to at least: receiving one or more feature set lists from a network element or a user equipment, each of the one or more feature set lists comprising a plurality of feature sets arranged in a priority order or a ranking order, wherein the one or more feature set lists are based on at least one of: one or more bandwidth portions configured for the apparatus, one or more bandwidth capabilities of the apparatus, or one or more radio environment scenarios; selecting a feature set from the plurality of feature sets based at least on the priority order or the rank order; as well as The characteristic set is obtained from one or more received signals, wherein the characteristic set includes one or more radio channel characteristics.

2. The apparatus according to claim 1, further configured to: Based on the set of characteristics, a channel measurement or the one or more received signals is classified as line-of-sight (LOS) or non-line-of-sight (NLOS).

3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the priority order or the ranking order of the plurality of feature sets is based on one or a combination of: Using the classification accuracy of each feature set in the plurality of feature sets, using the positioning accuracy of each feature set in the plurality of feature sets, or The separation or separability of the LOS and NLOS categories in the feature domain.

4. The apparatus of any preceding claim, wherein the feature set is further selected based on at least one of: a bandwidth portion of a configuration, a bandwidth capability, or a computing capability of the apparatus. 5 . The apparatus of claim 4 , wherein the plurality of feature sets are associated with a configured bandwidth portion value or bandwidth range for each of the plurality of feature sets.

6. An apparatus according to any preceding claim, wherein the feature set is selected further based on a radio environment in which the apparatus is located.

7. An apparatus according to any preceding claim, wherein the one or more feature set lists are further based on one or more frequency ranges, and wherein the feature sets are selected further based on the frequency ranges used by the apparatus.

8. The apparatus according to any preceding claim, further configured to: sending a request for the one or more feature set lists to the network element or the user equipment; and In response to sending the request, the one or more feature set lists are received.

9. The apparatus according to any preceding claim, further configured to: An indication for updating the one or more feature set lists is sent to the network element or the user equipment.

10. The apparatus of any preceding claim, wherein the one or more feature set lists are associated with a validity time based on a mobility condition of the apparatus, wherein the validity time indicates how long the one or more feature set lists are valid.

11. The apparatus according to any preceding claim, further configured to: The feature set selected by the apparatus is reported to the network element or the user equipment.

12. An apparatus according to any preceding claim, wherein the one or more feature set lists include one or more identifiers of each feature set in the plurality of feature sets.

13. An apparatus according to any preceding claim, wherein the one or more feature set lists further include information on how to obtain the plurality of feature sets.

14. The apparatus according to any preceding claim, further configured to: A message indicative of the one or more feature set lists is sent via a side link.

15. An apparatus comprising at least one processor and at least one memory, the at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to at least: determining one or more feature set lists based on at least one of: one or more bandwidth parts configured for one or more user equipment, one or more bandwidth capabilities of the one or more user equipment, or one or more radio environment scenarios associated with the one or more user equipment, wherein the one or more feature set lists include a plurality of feature sets arranged in a priority order or a ranking order; and Sending the one or more feature set lists to the one or more user equipments, wherein the feature sets in the multiple feature sets include: One or more radio channel characteristics.

16. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the one or more feature set lists are further determined based on computing capabilities of the one or more user devices.

17. The apparatus according to any one of claims 15 to 16, wherein the sending of the one or more feature set lists is triggered based on a change in a radio environment.

18. A method comprising: In the terminal device, receiving one or more feature set lists from a network element or a user equipment, each of the one or more feature set lists comprising a plurality of feature sets arranged in a priority order or a ranking order, wherein the one or more feature set lists are based on at least one of: one or more bandwidth portions configured for the apparatus, one or more bandwidth capabilities of the apparatus, or one or more radio environment scenarios; selecting a feature set from the plurality of feature sets based at least on the priority order or the rank order; as well as The characteristic set is obtained from one or more received signals, wherein the characteristic set includes one or more radio channel characteristics.

19. A method comprising: determining one or more feature set lists based on at least one of: one or more bandwidth parts configured for one or more user equipment, one or more bandwidth capabilities of the one or more user equipment, or one or more radio environment scenarios associated with the one or more user equipment, wherein the one or more feature set lists include a plurality of feature sets arranged in a priority order or a ranking order; as well as The one or more feature set lists are sent to the one or more user equipments, wherein a feature set in the plurality of feature sets includes one or more radio channel characteristics.

20. A non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising program instructions, which, when executed by a device, cause the device to at least perform the following: receiving one or more feature set lists from a network element or a user equipment, each of the one or more feature set lists comprising a plurality of feature sets arranged in a priority order or a ranking order, wherein the one or more feature set lists are based on at least one of: one or more bandwidth portions configured for the apparatus, one or more bandwidth capabilities of the apparatus, or one or more radio environment scenarios; selecting a feature set from the plurality of feature sets based at least on the priority order or the rank order; and The characteristic set is obtained from one or more received signals, wherein the characteristic set includes one or more radio channel characteristics.

21. A non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising program instructions, which, when executed by a device, cause the device to at least perform the following: determining one or more feature set lists based on at least one of: one or more bandwidth parts configured for one or more user equipment, one or more bandwidth capabilities of the one or more user equipment, or one or more radio environment scenarios associated with the one or more user equipment, wherein the one or more feature set lists include a plurality of feature sets arranged in a priority order or a ranking order; and The one or more feature set lists are sent to the one or more user equipments, wherein a feature set in the plurality of feature sets includes one or more radio channel characteristics.

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