Display module, driving method thereof, display device, and vehicle

Abstract

The application provides a display module and a driving method thereof, a display device and a vehicle, relates to the technical field of display, and realizes sharing and anti-peeping mode view angle switching. The display module comprises a backlight component, a display component and a view angle light adjusting component, the display component and the view angle light adjusting component are located on the side of the backlight component facing the light emitting direction, the backlight component comprises a first light guide structure and a light adjusting structure, and the light adjusting structure is located on the side of the first light guide plate facing the display component; the view angle light adjusting component comprises a first electrode, a first liquid crystal located on the side of the first electrode away from the backlight component, and a second electrode located on the side of the first liquid crystal away from the backlight component, the view angle light adjusting component and the light adjusting structure are consistent in light adjusting direction; the display module has a sharing mode and an anti-peeping mode: in the sharing mode, the first electrode and the second electrode are not powered, and the first liquid crystal is in a wide view angle light filtering state; in the anti-peeping mode, the first electrode and the second electrode drive the first liquid crystal to be in a narrow view angle light filtering state.

Description

[0001] This application is a divisional application of the patent application filed with the Chinese Patent Office on September 30, 2021, with application number 202111157466.9 and application title "Display Module and Driving Method Thereof, Display Device, Vehicle". [Technical Field]

[0002] This invention relates to the field of display technology, and in particular to a display module and its driving method, a display device, and a vehicle. [Background Technology]

[0003] With the continuous development of display technology, the viewing angle range of display panels has been expanded to over 160°. However, while enjoying the visual experience brought by a wide viewing angle, it also easily leads to the leakage of personal privacy. For example, when users use display devices in public places to access bank accounts, pay bills, or enter personal information, they may be at risk of identity theft and privacy violations. [Summary of the Invention]

[0004] In view of this, embodiments of the present invention provide a display module and its driving method, display device, and vehicle, which can realize the switching of viewing angle between shared mode and anti-peeping mode.

[0005] In a first aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a display module, including a backlight component, a display component, and a viewing angle dimming component, wherein the display component and the viewing angle dimming component are respectively located on one side of the backlight component facing the light emission direction of the display module, wherein...

[0006] The backlight component includes a first light guide structure and a light control structure. The first light guide structure includes a first light source and a first light guide plate. The light control structure is located on the side of the first light guide plate facing the display component and is used to control the transmission direction of the light emitted through the first light guide plate.

[0007] The viewing angle dimming component includes a first electrode, a first liquid crystal located on the side of the first electrode facing away from the backlight component, and a second electrode located on the side of the first liquid crystal facing away from the backlight component. The viewing angle dimming component and the light control structure have the same direction of light control.

[0008] The display module has a shared mode and a privacy mode;

[0009] In the shared mode, the first and second electrodes are not powered, and the first liquid crystal is in a wide-viewing-angle filtering state;

[0010] In privacy mode, the first electrode and the second electrode drive the first liquid crystal to be in a narrow viewing angle filtering state.

[0011] In a second aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a driving method for a display module, used to drive a display module as described in the first aspect, the display module having a sharing mode and a privacy mode, the driving method comprising:

[0012] In the shared mode, the first and second electrodes are not powered, and the first liquid crystal is in a wide-viewing-angle filtering state;

[0013] In privacy mode, the first electrode and the second electrode drive the first liquid crystal to be in a narrow viewing angle filtering state.

[0014] Thirdly, embodiments of the present invention provide a display module, including a liquid crystal display component and a viewing angle dimming component, wherein the viewing angle dimming component is located on the side of the liquid crystal display component facing the light emission direction of the display module.

[0015] The viewing angle dimming component includes a first electrode, a first liquid crystal located on the side of the first electrode facing away from the liquid crystal display component, and a second electrode located on the side of the first liquid crystal facing away from the display component;

[0016] The display module has a shared mode and a privacy mode;

[0017] In the shared mode, the first and second electrodes are not powered, and the first liquid crystal is in a wide-viewing-angle filtering state;

[0018] In privacy mode, the first electrode and the second electrode drive the first liquid crystal to be in a narrow viewing angle filtering state, where V = 5.095 - 1.479 × ((ln(Δε) - ln(d1) + 1)), V is the pressure difference between the first electrode and the second electrode, Δε is the difference between the dielectric constant ε / / and the dielectric constant ε⊥, and d1 is the cell thickness of the first liquid crystal in the direction perpendicular to the plane of the display module.

[0019] Fourthly, embodiments of the present invention provide a driving method for a display module, used to drive a display module such as a third-party display module, the display module having a sharing mode and a privacy mode, the driving method including:

[0020] In the shared mode, the first and second electrodes are not powered, and the first liquid crystal is in a wide-viewing-angle filtering state;

[0021] In privacy mode, the first electrode and the second electrode drive the first liquid crystal to be in a narrow viewing angle filtering state, where V = 5.095 - 1.479 × ((ln(Δε) - ln(d1) + 1)), V is the pressure difference between the first electrode and the second electrode, Δε is the difference between the dielectric constant ε / / and the dielectric constant ε⊥, and d1 is the cell thickness of the first liquid crystal in the direction perpendicular to the plane of the display module.

[0022] Fifthly, embodiments of the present invention provide a display device, including a display module as described in the first aspect, or a display module as described in the third aspect.

[0023] Sixthly, embodiments of the present invention provide a means of transportation, including a display device as described in the fifth aspect.

[0024] One of the above technical solutions has the following beneficial effects:

[0025] In this embodiment of the invention, by setting a light control structure in the backlight component and a viewing angle dimming component on one side of the display component, the light control structure can first regulate the transmission direction of the light emitted from the first light guide plate, causing the light to transmit along a specific direction. This portion of the light enters the viewing angle dimming component via the display component, and then, based on the liquid crystal birefringence principle of the viewing angle dimming component, the light is further regulated, thereby more effectively controlling the direction of the emitted light angle and realizing the switching between shared mode and privacy mode. When the user is in a private setting or in a public place but does not need to access a bank account, pay bills, or enter personal information, privacy mode is not required, and the display module can be controlled in shared mode, allowing the user to enjoy a wide viewing angle. However, when the user is in a public place and needs to access a bank account, pay bills, or enter personal information, the display module can be controlled in privacy mode, achieving a privacy effect that is invisible when viewed from an oblique angle, effectively protecting the user's privacy from being leaked.

[0026] Therefore, by using the display module provided in this embodiment of the invention, the switching of viewing angles in different modes is realized based on the cooperation between the light control structure and the viewing angle dimming component, thus optimizing the user experience. [Attached Image Description]

[0027] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a display module in shared mode provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a display module in anti-peeping mode provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 3 This is a top view of the light control structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 4for Figure 3 A sectional view along the L1-L2 direction;

[0032] Figure 5 This is another top view of the light control structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 6 for Figure 5 A sectional view along the K1-K2 direction;

[0034] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of brightness from different perspectives in the shared mode provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of brightness at different angles under the privacy mode provided in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 9 This is an exploded view diagram of the perspective direction provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of light transmission provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of a display component provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of another structure of the display component provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of another structure of the display component provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of another structure of the display component provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 15 This is another structural schematic diagram of the display module provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 16 This is another structural schematic diagram of the display module provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram of the absorption axis of the polarizer provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 18 This is another schematic diagram of the absorption axis of the polarizer provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 19 This is another structural schematic diagram of the display module provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 20 This is a schematic diagram of optical transmission in a shared mode provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 21 This is a schematic diagram of light transmission under privacy mode provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 22 This is another structural schematic diagram of the display module provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 23 This is a schematic diagram of another optical transmission mode provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 24 This is a schematic diagram of another light transmission method under the privacy mode provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 25 This is a top view of the display module provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 26 This is a schematic diagram of another structure of the viewing angle dimming component provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0054] Figure 27 for Figure 26 Top view of the corresponding first and second electrodes;

[0055] Figure 28 This is a schematic diagram of another structure of the viewing angle dimming component provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0056] Figure 29 for Figure 28 Top view of the corresponding first and second electrodes;

[0057] Figure 30 for Figure 28 A schematic diagram of the rotation of the first liquid crystal when the corresponding first and second electrodes are energized;

[0058] Figure 31 This is another structural schematic diagram of the viewing angle dimming component provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0059] Figure 32 for Figure 31 Top view of the corresponding first and second electrodes;

[0060] Figure 33 This is another structural schematic diagram of the viewing angle dimming component provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0061] Figure 34 for Figure 33 Top view of the corresponding first and second electrodes;

[0062] Figure 35 for Figure 33 A schematic diagram of the rotation of the first liquid crystal when the corresponding first and second electrodes are energized;

[0063] Figure 36 This is a schematic diagram of the light control structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0064] Figure 37 This is a schematic diagram of another structure of the backlight component provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0065] Figure 38 Another structural schematic diagram of the polymer liquid crystal film provided in this embodiment of the invention;

[0066] Figure 39 A schematic diagram of another structure of the polymer liquid crystal film provided in this embodiment of the invention;

[0067] Figure 40 A schematic diagram of another structure of the polymer liquid crystal film provided in this embodiment of the invention;

[0068] Figure 41 A schematic diagram of another structure of the backlight component provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0069] Figure 42 A schematic diagram of another structure of the backlight component provided in this embodiment of the invention;

[0070] Figure 43 A schematic diagram of another structure of the backlight component provided in this embodiment of the invention;

[0071] Figure 44 A schematic diagram of another structure of the backlight component provided in this embodiment of the invention;

[0072] Figure 45 A size comparison diagram of the microstructure provided in the embodiments of the present invention;

[0073] Figure 46 Another schematic diagram of the second microstructure provided in this embodiment of the invention;

[0074] Figure 47 This is a top view of the second light guide plate provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0075] Figure 48 This is a schematic diagram of light transmission provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0076] Figure 49 A schematic diagram of another structure of the backlight component provided in the embodiments of the invention;

[0077] Figure 50A flowchart of a driving method provided in an embodiment of the invention;

[0078] Figure 51 This is another structural schematic diagram of the display module in the shared mode provided in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0079] Figure 52 This is another structural schematic diagram of the display module in privacy mode provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0080] Figure 53 This is another structural schematic diagram of the display module provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0081] Figure 54 This is another structural schematic diagram of the display module provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0082] Figure 55 This is another structural schematic diagram of the display module provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0083] Figure 56 This is another structural schematic diagram of the display module provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0084] Figure 57 This is another flowchart of the driving method provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0085] Figure 58 This is a schematic diagram of a display device provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0086] Figure 59 This is another structural schematic diagram of the display device provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0087] Figure 60 This is a schematic diagram of a transportation vehicle provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Implementation Methods

[0088] To better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0089] It should be understood that the described embodiments are merely some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0090] The terminology used in the embodiments of this invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the invention. The singular forms “a,” “the,” and “the” as used in the embodiments of this invention and the appended claims are also intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

[0091] It should be understood that the term "and / or" used in this article is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, and B existing alone. Additionally, the character " / " in this article generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects have an "or" relationship.

[0092] It should be understood that although the terms first, second, and third may be used to describe polarizers in the embodiments of the present invention, these polarizers should not be limited to these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish polarizers from each other. For example, without departing from the scope of the embodiments of the present invention, a first polarizer may also be referred to as a second polarizer, and similarly, a second polarizer may also be referred to as a first polarizer.

[0093] This invention provides a display module, such as... Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a display module in shared mode provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a display module in privacy mode provided in an embodiment of the present invention. The display module includes a backlight component 1, a display component 2, and a viewing angle dimming component 3. The display component 2 and the viewing angle dimming component 3 are respectively located on one side of the backlight component 1 facing the light emission direction of the display module.

[0094] The backlight component 1 includes a first light guide structure 4 and a light control structure 5. The first light guide structure 4 includes a first light source 6 and a first light guide plate 7. The first light source 6 can be bottom-emitting or, as shown in the image, a light source emitting light from the bottom. Figure 1 and Figure 2 The light source is shown as side-emitting. The light control structure 5 is located on the side of the first light guide plate 7 facing the display component 2, and is used to control the transmission direction of the light emitted through the first light guide plate 7.

[0095] In one feasible implementation, such as Figures 3-6 As shown, Figure 3 This is a top view of the light control structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 4 for Figure 3 A sectional view along the L1-L2 direction. Figure 5 This is another top view of the light control structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 6 for Figure 5A cross-sectional view along the K1-K2 direction shows that the light control structure 5 includes a grating 35, which includes alternating light-transmitting portions 70 and non-light-transmitting portions 71. By controlling the angle between the non-light-transmitting portion 71 and the normal (the normal is perpendicular to the plane where the display module is located), the light control structure 5 can control the transmission direction of the light emitted through the first light guide plate 7.

[0096] For example, please see again Figure 3 and Figure 4 The non-transparent portion 71 is perpendicular to the plane of the display module, that is, parallel to the normal direction. In this case, the light control structure 5 can control the light emitted through the first light guide plate 7 to be emitted parallel to the normal direction. Alternatively, please refer again... Figure 5 and Figure 6 When the non-transparent part 71 is tilted relative to the normal direction, the light control structure 5 can control the light emitted through the first light guide plate 7 to be emitted along the tilt direction of the non-transparent part 71.

[0097] The viewing angle dimming component 3 includes a first electrode 8, a first liquid crystal 9 located on the side of the first electrode 8 facing away from the backlight component 1, and a second electrode 10 located on the side of the first liquid crystal 9 facing away from the backlight component 1. The viewing angle dimming component 3 and the light control structure 5 have the same light control direction.

[0098] It is understood that alignment films are respectively provided on the side of the first liquid crystal 9 facing away from the backlight component 1 and on the side of the first liquid crystal 9 facing the backlight component. In one feasible embodiment, the alignment directions of the two alignment films are parallel. When the first electrode 8 and the second electrode 10 are not energized, the first liquid crystal 9 maintains its initial state under the action of the alignment films. When the first electrode 8 and the second electrode 10 are energized, the first liquid crystal 9 rotates by a certain angle under the action of the electric field.

[0099] The display module has a shared mode and a privacy mode; in the shared mode, the first electrode 8 and the second electrode 10 are not powered, and the first liquid crystal 9 is in a wide viewing angle filtering state; in the privacy mode, the first electrode 8 and the second electrode 10 drive the first liquid crystal 9 to be in a narrow viewing angle filtering state.

[0100] Specifically, when the display module displays an image, the first light source 6 is turned on. The light emitted by the first light source 6 is transmitted within the first light guide plate 7 and emitted through the top of the first light guide plate 7. The emitted light is then regulated by the light control structure 5 and enters the display component 2 and the viewing angle dimming component 3.

[0101] Please see again Figure 1When the display module is in shared mode, the first electrode 8 and the second electrode 10 in the viewing angle dimming component 3 are not energized, and no electric field is formed between the first electrode 8 and the second electrode 10. The first liquid crystal 9 is in a wide viewing angle filtering state. In this filtering state, the first liquid crystal 9 does not have an optical effect on light transmitted in any viewing angle direction; light from both the normal and oblique viewing angle directions can exit the display module. Combined with... Figure 7 The diagram shows the brightness from different viewing angles in the shared mode. Figure 7 The brightness distribution of the display module shown can be understood as the brightness distribution that a user can see from various angles when facing the display module. Figure 7 The brightness data from various viewing angles are shown in Table 1. Combined with... Figure 9 In Table 1, angle θ refers to the angle between a certain viewing direction Y and the y-axis (the y-axis is perpendicular to the plane where the display module is located). Angle σ in Table 1 refers to the angle between the orthographic projection of a certain viewing direction Y onto the plane where the display module is located and the x-axis (the x-axis is parallel to the plane where the display module is located). The unit for each brightness data in Table 1 is nits. Figure 7 As shown in Table 1, in shared mode, both the direct viewing angle (direction facing the display module) and the oblique viewing angle (direction when viewing the display module from the left and right) exhibit high light output brightness. For example, the light output brightness in the center viewing angle (θ = 0°, σ = 0°) is 260.105 nits, and the light output brightness in the 45° oblique viewing angle (θ = 45°, σ = 0°) is 224.312 nits. The difference in light output brightness between the two viewing angles is small; therefore, users can view the image normally in both direct and oblique viewing angles, and the display module has a wide viewing angle range.

[0102] σ=0° 260.105 259.77 257.009 251.037 240.801 224.312 198.037 σ=5° 260.105 259.774 257.044 251.119 240.91 224.372 197.993 σ = 15° 260.105 259.805 257.315 251.781 241.867 225.159 198.166 σ = 25° 260.105 259.864 257.832 253.118 244.142 228.095 201.235 σ=35° 260.105 259.944 258.545 255.086 248.041 234.73 211.285 σ=45° 260.105 260.035 259.375 257.503 253.309 244.942 229.165 σ=55° 260.105 260.082 259.803 258.785 256.188 250.68 239.486

[0103] Table 1

[0104] Please see again Figure 2 When the display module is in privacy mode, the first electrode 8 and the second electrode 10 in the viewing angle dimming component 3 are energized, forming an electric field between them. The first liquid crystal 9 rotates under the influence of this electric field, entering a narrow viewing angle filtering state. In this filtering state, the first liquid crystal 9 optically affects light in the oblique viewing angle direction, changing the polarization state of the light and preventing most of the light in that direction from escaping through the display module. This reduces the brightness at oblique viewing angles, achieving a privacy effect where the light is invisible at oblique viewing angles. Figure 8 The diagram shows the brightness from different viewing angles in the shared mode. Figure 8 The brightness data from various viewing angles are shown in Table 2. (Combined with...) Figure 9In Table 2, angle θ refers to the angle between a certain viewing direction Y and the y-axis (the y-axis is perpendicular to the plane where the display module is located). Angle σ in Table 2 refers to the angle between the orthographic projection of a certain viewing direction Y onto the plane where the display module is located and the x-axis (the x-axis is parallel to the plane where the display module is located). The unit for each brightness data in Table 1 is nits. (Combined with...) Figure 8 As shown in Table 2, in privacy mode, the brightness is higher in the direct viewing direction (direction facing the display module) and lower in the oblique viewing direction (direction viewed from the left and right sides). For example, the brightness is 260.092 nits in the center viewing direction (θ = 0°, σ = 0°) and 20.5893 nits in the 45° oblique viewing direction (θ = 45°, σ = 0°). The difference in brightness between the two viewing directions is significant. Therefore, users can view the screen normally in the direct viewing direction, but cannot view the screen in the oblique viewing direction, resulting in a narrower viewing angle range for the display module.

[0105]

[0106]

[0107] Table 2

[0108] Furthermore, in this embodiment of the invention, the viewing angle dimming component 3 and the light control structure 5 have consistent directions of light control. Figure 10 The diagram illustrates light transmission. The light control structure 5 can regulate the transmission direction of light emitted through the first light guide plate 7. For example, it can convert the regulated light into light that propagates parallel to the normal direction (i.e., collimated light) or into light that propagates at an angle along the normal direction, thereby narrowing the light transmission direction. In privacy mode, the first liquid crystal 9 in the light control structure 5 is in a narrow viewing angle filter state. After the light control structure 5 regulates the light, it also narrows the light transmission direction. The two control the light in the same way, thus achieving a better privacy effect.

[0109] It should be noted that the consistency of the control direction mentioned in the embodiments of this application can be manifested in various ways as follows. Specifically, refer to... Figure 10At this time, the non-transparent part 71 in the light control structure 5 converges the light in the X and -X directions, and the viewing angle dimming component 3 also converges the light in the X and -X directions. However, the embodiments of this application are not limited to this structure. In other embodiments, if the non-transparent part 71 in the light control structure 5 converges the light in the Y and -Y directions, the viewing angle dimming component 3 also converges the light in the Y and -Y directions; or, if the non-transparent part 71 in the light control structure 5 converges the light in the X and -X directions and simultaneously converges the light in the Y and -Y directions, the viewing angle dimming component 3 also converges the light in the X and -X directions and simultaneously converges the light in the Y and -Y directions.

[0110] The display module provided in this application embodiment can significantly improve the brightness ratio between the normal viewing angle and the oblique viewing angle in privacy mode compared to the prior art, thereby achieving a better privacy protection effect. Specifically, the light emitted by the light source first passes through the light control structure 5 and then through the viewing angle dimming component 3. When passing through the light control structure 5, the light is focused in a preset direction (e.g., in the X and -X directions), causing the brightness at the oblique viewing angle to be reduced by a factor of M relative to the light source. When the light further passes through the viewing angle dimming component 3, the brightness at the oblique viewing angle is reduced by a factor of N relative to the light emitted from the light control structure 5. If the viewing angle dimming component 3 can also focus the light in the X and -X directions, the brightness reaching the human eye at the oblique viewing angle is reduced by a factor of M*N relative to the light source. Since the light control structure 5 and the viewing angle dimming component 3 do not block the light perpendicular to the display module, the brightness reaching the human eye at the normal viewing angle can be considered equivalent to the brightness of the light source. At this time, the brightness ratio between the normal viewing angle and the oblique viewing angle is M*N. It should be noted that if the light control structure 5 concentrates the light in the X and -X directions, and the viewing angle dimming component 3 concentrates the light in the Y and -Y directions, then the brightness ratio of the normal viewing angle and the oblique viewing angle is M or N. The above discussion is merely to illustrate the effect of the embodiments of this application and does not consider the absorption or blocking effect of other structures on light. The inventors conducted tests and verifications in anti-peeping mode, combining... Figure 9Refer to Table 3. In Table 3, angle θ refers to the angle between a certain viewing direction Y and the y-axis (the y-axis is perpendicular to the plane where the display module is located). Angle σ in Table 3 refers to the angle between the orthographic projection of a certain viewing direction Y onto the plane where the display module is located and the x-axis (the x-axis is parallel to the plane where the display module is located). Brightness percentage 1 in Table 3 represents the brightness percentage at different viewing angles when the display module uses only backlight component 1 for dimming. Brightness percentage 2 represents the brightness percentage at different viewing angles when the display module uses only backlight component 1 and viewing angle dimming component 3 for simultaneous dimming. Brightness percentage 3 represents the brightness percentage at different viewing angles when the display module uses only viewing angle dimming component 3 for dimming. The above brightness percentages are the ratios of the brightness at different viewing angles to the brightness at the corresponding orthographic viewing angle when σ = 0° and θ = 0°. According to the test data in Table 3, taking the three sets of data with σ=0°, θ=50°, θ=45°, and θ=40° as examples, the value of brightness percentage 2 is the lowest. That is, when the backlight component 1 and the viewing angle dimming component 3 are dimmed at the same time, the brightness percentage at the oblique viewing angle is the lowest. Therefore, based on the combination of backlight component 1 and viewing angle dimming component 3, the light output brightness at the oblique viewing angle is lower, and the privacy protection effect is better.

[0111]

[0112] Table 3

[0113] In summary, in this embodiment of the invention, by setting a light control structure 5 in the backlight component 1 and a viewing angle dimming component 3 on one side of the display component 2, the light control structure 5 can first be used to control the transmission direction of the light emitted from the first light guide plate 7, so that the light is transmitted along a specific direction. This part of the light enters the viewing angle dimming component 3 through the display component 2, and then, based on the liquid crystal birefringence principle of the viewing angle dimming component 3, the light is further controlled, thereby more effectively controlling the direction of the light output angle and realizing the switching of viewing angle between the sharing mode and the privacy mode: when the user is in a private place or in a public place but does not need to access a bank account, pay bills, or enter personal information, no privacy mode is required, and the display module can be controlled in the sharing mode, allowing the user to enjoy a wide viewing angle. However, when the user is in a public place and needs to access a bank account, pay bills, or enter personal information, the display module can be controlled in the privacy mode, achieving a privacy effect that is invisible when viewed from an oblique angle, effectively protecting the user's privacy from being leaked.

[0114] Therefore, by using the display module provided in this embodiment of the invention, based on the cooperation between the light control structure 5 and the viewing angle dimming component 3, the viewing angle switching in different modes is realized, thus optimizing the user experience.

[0115] Understandably, please see again. Figure 1 and Figure 2 The viewing angle dimming component 3 also includes a first substrate 11 and a second substrate 12 disposed opposite to each other, with the first electrode 8 located on the side of the first substrate 11 facing the second substrate 12 and the second electrode 10 located on the side of the second substrate 12 facing the first substrate 11.

[0116] In one implementation, such as Figures 11-13 As shown, Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of a structure of the display component 2 provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of another structure of the display component 2 provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of another structure of the display component 2 provided in an embodiment of the present invention. The display component 2 includes a third electrode 13, a second liquid crystal 14, and a fourth electrode 15, wherein the third electrode 13 is a common electrode and the fourth electrode 15 is a pixel electrode, or the third electrode 13 is a pixel electrode and the fourth electrode 15 is a common electrode. Please refer again. Figure 11 The second liquid crystal 14 is located between the third electrode 13 and the fourth electrode 15, or, please refer again... Figure 12 and Figure 13 The second liquid crystal 14 is located on the side of the third electrode 13 and the fourth electrode 15 that faces away from the backlight component 1. For example, the third electrode 13 and the fourth electrode 15 can be... Figure 12 The same-layer setting shown, or, could also be... Figure 13 The layered configuration is shown.

[0117] In this configuration, the display component 2 is a liquid crystal display component. When the display module displays an image, the third electrode 13 and the fourth electrode 15 are energized to form an electric field. The second liquid crystal 14 rotates under the action of the electric field. By controlling the magnitude of the electric field, the rotation angle of the second liquid crystal 14 is controlled to achieve the brightness of the light emitted by the display component 2.

[0118] Or, in another implementation, such as Figure 14 As shown, Figure 14 This is another structural schematic diagram of the display component 2 provided in an embodiment of the present invention. The display component 2 includes a quantum dot layer 18. In a feasible embodiment, the quantum dot layer 18 includes a substrate 19 and quantum dots 20 located within the substrate 19. The substrate 19 may be formed from a basic resin material such as an acrylic resin, a urethane resin, a silicone resin, or an epoxy resin.

[0119] In this configuration, the display component 2 is a quantum dot display component. The quantum dots 20 in the quantum dot layer 18 emit monochromatic light of different colors under the stimulation of the light emitted by the backlight component 1, thereby achieving color display. Quantum dot displays have a high color gamut and low energy consumption, so the display module has superior display performance.

[0120] Understandably, please see again. Figures 11-14 The display component 2 may also include a third substrate 16 and a fourth substrate 17 disposed opposite to each other.

[0121] In one implementation, please refer again. Figure 1 The viewing angle dimming component 3 is located on the side of the display component 2 facing away from the backlight component 1. In this configuration, the viewing angle dimming component 3 is positioned further outwards within the display module. Light emitted through the viewing angle dimming component 3 directly enters the human eye without needing to pass through the display component 2 or other structures, thus preventing light scattering by other structures and further enhancing the privacy protection effect. In this structure, the display component can be a liquid crystal display component as described above, or a quantum dot display component as described above.

[0122] Or, in another implementation, such as Figure 15 As shown, Figure 15 This is another schematic diagram of the display module provided in an embodiment of the present invention. The display component 2 is located on the side of the viewing angle dimming component 3 that is away from the backlight component 1. Based on this relative positional relationship, when the display component 2 includes a touch function layer, the touch function layer is closer to the user's finger touch position, thus helping to improve touch performance. The touch function layer can be embedded, located inside the display component 2, or externally mounted, located on the side of the display component 2 away from the viewing angle dimming component 3. In this structure, the display component can be a liquid crystal display component as described above, or a quantum dot display component as described above.

[0123] In one implementation, such as Figures 16-18 As shown, Figure 16 This is another structural schematic diagram of the display module provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram of the absorption axis of the polarizer provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 18This is another schematic diagram of the absorption axis of the polarizer provided in an embodiment of the present invention. The display module further includes a first polarizer 21, a second polarizer 22, and a third polarizer 23. The first polarizer 21 is located on the side of the display component 2 facing away from the viewing angle dimming component 3, and has a first absorption axis P1. The second polarizer 22 is located between the display component 2 and the viewing angle dimming component 3, and has a second absorption axis P2, which is perpendicular to the first absorption axis P1. The third polarizer 23 is located on the side of the viewing angle dimming component 3 facing away from the display component 2, and has a third absorption axis P3, which is parallel to the second absorption axis P2.

[0124] In one feasible implementation, taking the viewing angle dimming component 3 located on the side of the display component 2 facing away from the backlight component 1, that is, the first polarizer 21 is located between the display component 2 and the backlight component 1, the second polarizer 22 is located between the display component 2 and the viewing angle dimming component 3, and the third polarizer 23 is located on the side of the viewing angle dimming component 3 facing away from the display component 2 as an example, please refer again to... Figure 17 The first absorption shaft P1 extends horizontally, while the second absorption shaft P2 and the third absorption shaft P3 extend vertically, so that the second absorption shaft P2 is perpendicular to the first absorption shaft P1, and the third absorption shaft P3 is parallel to the second absorption shaft P2. Alternatively, in another feasible embodiment, please refer again to... Figure 18 The first absorption axis P1 extends vertically, while the second absorption axis P2 and the third absorption axis P3 extend horizontally, so that the second absorption axis P2 is perpendicular to the first absorption axis P1 and the third absorption axis P3 is parallel to the second absorption axis P2.

[0125] By setting two polarizers with perpendicular absorption axes on both sides of the display component 2, the light output brightness of the display component 2 can be controlled based on the cooperation of the two polarizers, thereby controlling the display image displayed by the display component 2. Furthermore, by making the absorption axes of the polarizers on both sides of the viewing angle dimming component 3 parallel to each other, the cooperation of these two polarizers can achieve both sharing and privacy protection effects. The specific working principle will be explained in detail in subsequent embodiments.

[0126] In one implementation, such as Figure 19 As shown, Figure 19This is another schematic diagram of the display module provided in this embodiment of the invention. The first liquid crystal 9 is a positive liquid crystal, specifically a single-axis positive liquid crystal. The pretilt angle of the first liquid crystal 9 is A1, 0°≤A1≤10°, that is, in the initial state of the first liquid crystal, the optical axis of the first liquid crystal 9 has an angle of 0° to 10° with the plane where the display module is located. The viewing angle dimming component 3 also includes a first alignment film 27 and a second alignment film 28. The first alignment film 27 is located on the side of the first liquid crystal 9 facing the display component 2, and the second alignment film 28 is located on the side of the first liquid crystal 9 facing away from the display component 2. The alignment directions of the first alignment film 27 and the second alignment film 28 are the same, and the alignment direction is parallel or perpendicular to the second absorption axis P2, and parallel to the extension direction of the edge of the display module.

[0127] The alignment directions of the first alignment film 27 and the second alignment film 28 are perpendicular to the light-gathering direction of the viewing angle dimming component 3. Specifically, combined with Figure 10 and Figure 25 , Figure 25 The top view of the display module shown is understood as the arrangement of the display module when the user's body is facing the display module. When the display module is used for privacy protection from the left and right perspectives, the viewing angle dimming component 3 focuses the light in the X and -X directions, and the alignment directions of the first alignment film 27 and the second alignment film 28 are 90° or 270°. When the display module is used for privacy protection from the top and bottom perspectives, the viewing angle dimming component 3 focuses the light in the Y and -Y directions, and the alignment directions of the first alignment film 27 and the second alignment film 28 are 0° or 180°.

[0128] The dimming principle will be explained below with the example of the viewing angle dimming component 3 being located on the side of the display component 2 away from the backlight component 1, that is, the first polarizer 21 being located between the display component 2 and the backlight component 1, the second polarizer 22 being located between the display component 2 and the viewing angle dimming component 3, and the third polarizer 23 being located on the side of the viewing angle dimming component 3 away from the display component 2.

[0129] First, it should be noted that the light emitted through the second polarizer 22 is linearly polarized light. When this linearly polarized light propagates along the optical axis parallel or perpendicular to the first liquid crystal 9, the first liquid crystal 9 does not affect the optical properties of the linearly polarized light: the two mutually orthogonal light waves decomposed from the linearly polarized light travel at equal speeds when passing through the first liquid crystal 9, and there is no phase delay. Therefore, the polarization direction of the recombined linearly polarized light does not change. However, when there is an angle between the linearly polarized light and the optical axis of the first liquid crystal 9 that is not 0° or not 90°, the light wave experiences a phase delay when passing through the liquid crystal molecules. Therefore, the polarization state of the recombined linearly polarized light changes.

[0130] The light emitted from the second polarizer 22 that travels along the normal viewing angle is the first linearly polarized light W1, and the light that travels along the oblique viewing angle is the second linearly polarized light W2. The polarization directions of the first linearly polarized light W1 and the second linearly polarized light W2 are both parallel to the second absorption axis P2.

[0131] like Figure 20 As shown, Figure 20 This is a schematic diagram of light transmission in a shared mode provided by an embodiment of the present invention. When the display module is in the shared mode, the first electrode 8 and the second electrode 10 are not powered, and the first liquid crystal 9 is in a wide viewing angle filtering state (initial state): the angle between the optical axis P of the first liquid crystal 9 and the plane where the display module is located is the pretilt angle A1, and the first liquid crystal 9 is close to a flat state.

[0132] In this mode, the first liquid crystal 9 tends to lie completely flat. Therefore, the optical axis P of the first liquid crystal 9 can be considered to be parallel to the plane where the display module is located and parallel or perpendicular to the second absorption axis. Thus, the first linearly polarized light W1 transmitted in the normal viewing angle direction and the second linearly polarized light W2 transmitted in the oblique viewing angle direction are both transmitted along the direction parallel or perpendicular to the optical axis P of the first liquid crystal 9. After the first linearly polarized light W1 and the second linearly polarized light W2 pass through the first liquid crystal 9, their polarization directions do not change and remain parallel to the second absorption axis P2 and the third absorption axis P3. Therefore, the first linearly polarized light W1 and the second linearly polarized light W2 can both be emitted through the third polarizer 23, and have high light output brightness in both normal and oblique viewing angles without brightness loss.

[0133] like Figure 21 As shown, Figure 21 This is a schematic diagram of light transmission under the privacy mode provided in an embodiment of the present invention. When the display module is in the privacy mode, the first electrode 8 and the second electrode 10 are energized to generate a vertical electric field, and the first liquid crystal 9 is in a narrow viewing angle filtering state. Since the first liquid crystal 9 is a positive liquid crystal, the optical axis P of the first liquid crystal 9 rotates along a direction parallel to the direction of the electric field, that is, it rotates relative to the plane where the display module is located. The angle between the optical axis P of the first liquid crystal 9 after rotation and the plane where the display module is located is B, B > A1, and B ≠ 90°.

[0134] In this mode, the first liquid crystal 9 rotates relative to the plane of the display module. Therefore, at a normal viewing angle, the orthogonal projection of the optical axis P of the first liquid crystal 9 is still parallel to the plane of the display module and parallel or perpendicular to the second absorption axis P2. Consequently, at a normal viewing angle, the first linearly polarized light W1 still propagates along the direction parallel or perpendicular to the optical axis P of the first liquid crystal 9. The polarization direction of the first linearly polarized light W1 does not change after passing through the first liquid crystal 9, and it can pass through the third polarizer 23, resulting in no brightness loss at the normal viewing angle. However, at an oblique viewing angle, there is an angle B between the optical axis P of the first liquid crystal 9 and the plane of the display module. Therefore, at an oblique viewing angle, the second linearly polarized light W2 experiences varying degrees of phase delay when passing through the first liquid crystal 9. The polarization state of the second linearly polarized light W2 changes after passing through the first liquid crystal 9, causing its polarization direction to no longer be parallel to the second absorption axis P2 and the third absorption axis P3. This prevents the second linearly polarized light W2 from passing through the third polarizer 23, thereby reducing the brightness at the oblique viewing angle.

[0135] As can be seen, based on the structure of the aforementioned viewing angle dimming component 3, when the display module is in shared mode, the viewing angle dimming component 3 can control the brightness to remain constant at both the direct and oblique viewing angles, ensuring high output brightness at both angles and improving the user's viewing experience at wide viewing angles. When the display module is in privacy mode, the viewing angle dimming component 3 can control the brightness to be attenuated only at the oblique viewing angle to achieve a privacy effect, without attenuating the brightness at the direct viewing angle, thus eliminating brightness loss at the direct viewing angle.

[0136] In existing technologies, louvered light filters are typically used to block light from oblique viewing angles to achieve privacy. However, these louvered light filters affect the light transmittance from the direct viewing angle, resulting in a maximum transmittance of only 75% at the direct viewing angle. The viewing angle dimming structure provided in this invention, however, does not affect the light transmittance at the direct viewing angle in privacy mode. Regardless of whether the display module is in shared or privacy mode, it maintains high brightness at the direct viewing angle, thus offering superior performance and a better user experience compared to existing technologies.

[0137] In one feasible implementation, A1 = 0°, so that the first liquid crystal 9 is in a completely flat position in the initial state, which can avoid brightness attenuation in the sharing mode to a greater extent. Alternatively, in another feasible implementation, 0° < A1 ≤ 10°. With this setting, when the display module switches from the sharing mode to the privacy mode, the first liquid crystal 9 can rotate based on A1, thereby enabling it to rotate to the angle required for the privacy mode more quickly.

[0138] Or, in another implementation, such as Figure 22 As shown, Figure 22This is another structural schematic diagram of the display module provided in an embodiment of the present invention. The first liquid crystal 9 is a negative liquid crystal, specifically a single-axis negative liquid crystal. The pretilt angle of the first liquid crystal 9 is A2, 85°≤A2≤95°. That is, in the initial state of the first liquid crystal, there is an angle of 85° to 95° between the optical axis of the first liquid crystal 9 and the plane where the display module is located. The viewing angle dimming component 3 also includes a first alignment film 27 and a second alignment film 28. The first alignment film 27 is located on the side of the first liquid crystal 9 facing the display component 2, and the second alignment film 28 is located on the side of the first liquid crystal 9 facing away from the display component 2. The alignment directions of the first alignment film 27 and the second alignment film 28 are the same, and the alignment direction is parallel or perpendicular to the second absorption axis P2, and parallel to the extension direction of the edge of the display module.

[0139] like Figure 23 As shown, Figure 23 This is another light transmission diagram in the shared mode provided by the embodiment of the present invention. When the display module is in the shared mode, the first electrode 8 and the second electrode 10 are not powered, and the first liquid crystal 9 is in a wide viewing angle filtering state (initial state): the angle between the optical axis P of the first liquid crystal 9 and the plane where the display module is located is the pretilt angle A2, and the first liquid crystal 9 is close to an upright state.

[0140] In this mode, the first liquid crystal 9 tends to be in a completely upright state, and the optical axis P of the first liquid crystal 9 can be regarded as perpendicular to the plane where the display module is located. Therefore, the first linearly polarized light W1 transmitted in the normal viewing angle direction and the second linearly polarized light W2 transmitted in the oblique viewing angle direction are both transmitted along the direction parallel to or perpendicular to the optical axis P of the first liquid crystal 9. After the first linearly polarized light W1 and the second linearly polarized light W2 pass through the first liquid crystal 9, the polarization direction does not change and remains parallel to the second absorption axis P2 and the third absorption axis P3. Therefore, the first linearly polarized light W1 and the second linearly polarized light W2 are both emitted through the third polarizer 23, and have high light output brightness at both the normal viewing angle and the oblique viewing angle, without producing brightness loss.

[0141] like Figure 24 As shown, Figure 24 This is another light transmission diagram in the privacy mode provided by the embodiment of the present invention. When the display module is in privacy mode, the first electrode 8 and the second electrode 10 are energized to generate a vertical electric field, and the first liquid crystal 9 is in a narrow viewing angle filtering state. Since the first liquid crystal 9 is a negative liquid crystal, the optical axis P of the first liquid crystal 9 rotates along the direction perpendicular to the electric field direction, that is, it rotates relative to the plane where the display module is located. The angle between the optical axis P of the first liquid crystal 9 after rotation and the plane where the display module is located is B, B < A2, and B ≠ 0°.

[0142] In this mode, the first liquid crystal 9 rotates relative to the plane where the display module is located. Therefore, at the normal viewing angle, the orthogonal projection of the optical axis P of the first liquid crystal 9 is still parallel to the plane where the display module is located and parallel or perpendicular to the second absorption axis P2. For this reason, at the normal viewing angle, the first linearly polarized light W1 still propagates along the direction parallel or perpendicular to the optical axis P of the first liquid crystal 9. After the first linearly polarized light W1 passes through the first liquid crystal 9, its polarization direction does not change and it remains parallel to the second absorption axis P2 and the third absorption axis P3. Therefore, the first linearly polarized light W1 can be emitted through the third polarizer 23, and no brightness loss occurs at the normal viewing angle. At an oblique angle, there is an angle B between the optical axis P of the first liquid crystal 9 and the plane where the display module is located. Therefore, when the second linearly polarized light W2 passes through the first liquid crystal 9 at an oblique angle, it will produce a phase delay of different degrees. After the second linearly polarized light W2 passes through the first liquid crystal 9, the polarization state changes, so that the polarization direction of the second linearly polarized light W2 is no longer parallel to the second absorption axis P2 and the third absorption axis P3. As a result, the second linearly polarized light W2 cannot pass through the third polarizer 23 and thus reduces the brightness of the light emitted at an oblique angle.

[0143] As can be seen, based on the structure of the aforementioned viewing angle dimming component 3, when the display module is in shared mode, the viewing angle dimming component 3 can control the brightness to remain constant at both the forward and oblique viewing angles, resulting in high output brightness at both angles and enhancing the user's viewing experience at wide viewing angles. When the display module is in privacy mode, the viewing angle dimming component 3 can control the brightness to be attenuated only at the oblique viewing angle to achieve a privacy effect, without attenuating the brightness at the forward viewing angle, thus eliminating brightness loss at the forward viewing angle and providing even greater output brightness.

[0144] In one feasible implementation, A2 = 90°, so that the first liquid crystal 9 is in a completely upright state in the initial state, which greatly avoids the brightness decay that occurs in the sharing mode. Alternatively, in another feasible implementation, 85° ≤ A2 ≤ 95° and A2 ≠ 90°. With this setting, when the display module switches from the sharing mode to the privacy mode, the first liquid crystal 9 can rotate based on A2, thereby enabling it to rotate to the angle required for the privacy mode more quickly.

[0145] In one implementation, please refer again. Figure 21 and Figure 24When the first liquid crystal 9 is in a narrow viewing angle filtering state, the angle between the optical axis P of the first liquid crystal 9 and the plane where the display module is located is B, 40°≤B≤50°. At this time, the angle between the optical axis P of the first liquid crystal 9 and the plane where the display module is located is close to 45°. The influence of the first liquid crystal 9 on the optical characteristics of the second linearly polarized light W2 under the oblique viewing angle tends to be the greatest. The polarization state of the second polarized light after passing through the first liquid crystal 9 is changed to a greater extent, so that more second polarized light cannot pass through the third polarizer 23 and further increase the brightness attenuation under the oblique viewing angle, thus improving the privacy protection effect.

[0146] Furthermore, B = 45°, to minimize the light output brightness under the oblique angle in privacy mode.

[0147] It should be noted that, with the XY coordinate system as the reference, when the alignment direction of the first alignment film 27 and the second alignment film 28 is parallel to the edge of the display module, it can be parallel to the edge extending along the X-axis direction in the display module, or it can be parallel to the edge extending along the Y-axis direction in the display module.

[0148] Taking the application of display modules in mobile phones as an example, in daily life, users often access bank accounts, pay bills, or enter personal information when operating their phones in portrait mode. In these situations, privacy protection from both left and right angles is even more crucial. Therefore, combining... Figure 25 The top view of the display module shown can be understood as the orientation of the display module when the user's body is facing the display module. Using the X-axis of the first quadrant of the coordinate system as a reference (0°), the alignment directions of the first alignment film 27 and the second alignment film 28 can be set to 90° or 270°, meaning the alignment directions are parallel to the long side of the display module. Figures 19-24 All Figure 25 A cross-sectional view along the A1-A2 direction effectively achieves privacy protection from both left and right perspectives. This setting method is more suitable for everyday privacy protection scenarios.

[0149] In one implementation, please refer again. Figure 11 In the plane direction where the vertical display module is located, the cell thickness of the first liquid crystal 9 is d1, and the cell thickness of the second liquid crystal 14 is d2, where d1 > d2.

[0150] If the cell thickness of the first liquid crystal 9 is small, in privacy mode, the phase delay efficiency of the light wave decomposed by the second linearly polarized light W2 passing through the first liquid crystal 9 at an oblique viewing angle is small, resulting in insignificant brightness attenuation at an oblique viewing angle. However, by making the cell thickness of the first liquid crystal 9 greater than that of the second liquid crystal 14, the phase delay efficiency of the second linearly polarized light W2 can be improved, resulting in greater brightness attenuation at an oblique viewing angle and a more significant privacy protection effect.

[0151] In one embodiment, the cell thickness of the first liquid crystal 9 is d1 in the plane direction where the vertical display module is located, where 5μm≤d1≤8μm.

[0152] By setting the minimum cell thickness of the first liquid crystal 9 to 5μm, the first liquid crystal 9 can have sufficient cell thickness, thereby ensuring that the first liquid crystal 9 has a significant impact on the polarization state of the second linearly polarized light W2 under oblique viewing angles, further increasing the brightness attenuation under oblique viewing angles. Conversely, by setting the maximum cell thickness of the first liquid crystal 9 to 8μm, its excessive thickness can be avoided, making the cell thickness of the first liquid crystal 9 approximately half the thickness of a waveplate. This achieves better privacy protection while avoiding impact on the overall thickness of the display module.

[0153] In one embodiment, in privacy mode, V = 5.095 - 1.479 × ((ln(Δε) - ln(d1) + 1)), where V is the pressure difference between the first electrode 8 and the second electrode 10, Δε is the difference between the dielectric constant ε / / and the dielectric constant ε⊥, the dielectric constant ε / / is the horizontal dielectric constant, the dielectric constant ε⊥ is the vertical dielectric constant, and d1 is the cell thickness of the first liquid crystal 9 in the plane direction where the display module is located.

[0154] To achieve a better privacy protection effect using the viewing angle dimming component 3, the inventors conducted multiple sets of data tests under different parameters V and d1, as shown in Table 4. Based on these test data, the above-mentioned fitting formula can be obtained between parameters V and d1. Therefore, when designing the display module structure, regardless of the cell thickness of the first liquid crystal 9, a pressure difference matching the cell thickness can be obtained according to this formula. This allows the first liquid crystal 9 to rotate to the angle required for privacy mode under the drive of the electric field formed by the pressure difference, achieving a better privacy protection effect.

[0155]

[0156]

[0157] Table 4

[0158] In one implementation, please refer again. Figure 1 and Figure 2 In the plane direction where the vertical display module is located, the first electrode 8 and the second electrode 10 respectively cover the first liquid crystal 9. At this time, the first electrode 8 and the second electrode 10 are planar electrodes. After the first electrode 8 and the second electrode 10 are energized, the first electrode 8 and the second electrode 10 can form a more uniform vertical electric field in the liquid crystal cell of the first liquid crystal 9. The first liquid crystal 9 in each area can rotate to the angle required for privacy protection under the action of the vertical electric field, and the control precision of the first liquid crystal 9 is higher.

[0159] Or, in another implementation, such as Figure 26 and Figure 27 As shown, Figure 26 This is a schematic diagram of another structure of the viewing angle dimming component 3 provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 27 for Figure 26 The top view of the corresponding first electrode 8 and second electrode 10 shows that the first electrode 8 includes at least one first sub-electrode 29, and the first sub-electrode 29 includes a first main electrode strip 30 and a plurality of first toothed electrode strips 31 arranged in parallel connected to the first main electrode strip 30. In the plane direction perpendicular to the first polarizer 21, the second electrode 10 covers the first liquid crystal 9. At this time, the second electrode 10 is a planar electrode and the first electrode 8 is a grid electrode.

[0160] Or, such as Figure 28 and Figure 29 As shown, Figure 28 This is a schematic diagram of another structure of the viewing angle dimming component 3 provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 29 for Figure 28 The top view of the corresponding first electrode 8 and second electrode 10 shows that, in the plane direction perpendicular to the first polarizer 21, the first electrode 8 covers the first liquid crystal 9, and the second electrode 10 includes at least one second sub-electrode 32. The second sub-electrode 32 includes a second main electrode strip 33 and a plurality of second toothed electrode strips 34 arranged in parallel connected to the second main electrode strip 33. At this time, the first electrode 8 is a planar electrode and the second electrode 10 is a grid electrode.

[0161] When one of the first electrode 8 and the second electrode 10 is a planar electrode and the other is a grid electrode, such as Figure 30 As shown, Figure 30 for Figure 28 The diagram shows the rotation of the first liquid crystal 9 when the first electrode 8 and the second electrode 10 are energized. After the first electrode 8 and the second electrode 10 are energized, a relatively uniform vertical electric field is formed. The first liquid crystal 9 rotates under the action of this vertical electric field, thereby adjusting the optical characteristics of the second linearly polarized light W2 at an oblique viewing angle. Furthermore, by setting one of the first electrode 8 and the second electrode 10 as a grid electrode, the gaps between the toothed electrode strips of this grid electrode reduce the degree of light obstruction and improve the light emissivity of the display module.

[0162] Or, in another implementation, such as Figure 31 and Figure 32 As shown, Figure 31 This is another structural schematic diagram of the viewing angle dimming component 3 provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 32 for Figure 31The top view of the corresponding first electrode 8 and second electrode 10 shows that the first electrode 8 includes at least one first sub-electrode 29, which includes a first main electrode strip 30 and a plurality of first toothed electrode strips 31 arranged in parallel and connected to the first main electrode strip 30. The second electrode 10 includes at least one second sub-electrode 32, which includes a second main electrode strip 33 and a plurality of second toothed electrode strips 34 arranged in parallel and connected to the second main electrode strip 33. Please refer again. Figure 31 and Figure 32 In the plane perpendicular to the first polarizer 21, the first electrode 8 and the second electrode 10 at least partially overlap. At this time, the first electrode 8 and the second electrode 10 are grid electrodes. By making the first electrode 8 and the second electrode 10 at least partially overlap, the facing area of ​​the first electrode 8 and the second electrode 10 can be increased, forming a stronger and more uniform vertical electric field, thereby improving the rotation accuracy of the first liquid crystal 9.

[0163] Or, such as Figures 33-35 As shown, Figure 33 This is another structural schematic diagram of the viewing angle dimming component 3 provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 34 for Figure 33 Top view of the corresponding first electrode 8 and second electrode 10, Figure 35 for Figure 33 The first liquid crystal 9 is rotated when the first electrode 8 and the second electrode 10 are powered. In the plane direction perpendicular to the first polarizer 21, the multiple first toothed electrode strips 31 of the first electrode 8 and the multiple second toothed electrode strips 34 of the second electrode 10 are interlocked, so that the toothed electrode strips of the first electrode 8 and the second electrode 10 are staggered, the degree of light occlusion by the electrodes is small, and the light emission rate of the display module is improved.

[0164] In addition, it should be noted that, in combination Figure 25 With the X-axis in the first quadrant of the coordinate system pointing at 0° as the reference, please refer again. Figure 32 and Figure 34 The extension directions of the first toothed electrode strip 31 and the second toothed electrode strip 34 can be set to 90° or 270°, thereby coordinating the generated electric field with the anti-peeping direction to better achieve anti-peeping from the left and right perspectives. Alternatively, in other feasible embodiments, the alignment direction of the alignment film can be set to 0° or 180°, and the extension directions of the first toothed electrode strip 31 and the second toothed electrode strip 34 can be set to 0° or 180° to better achieve anti-peeping from the up and down perspectives.

[0165] In one embodiment, to reduce the light obstruction by the first electrode 8 and the second electrode 10, the first electrode 8 and the second electrode 10 are both light-transmitting electrodes. For example, the first electrode 8 and the second electrode 10 are formed of a light-transmitting and conductive material such as indium tin oxide (ITO).

[0166] In one implementation, such as Figure 36 As shown, Figure 36 This is a schematic diagram of the light control structure 5 provided in an embodiment of the present invention. The light control structure 5 includes a grating 35, which includes alternating light-transmitting parts 70 and non-light-transmitting parts 71. The angle between the non-light-transmitting part 71 and the normal is C, where 5°≤C≤10°, and the normal is perpendicular to the plane where the display module is located.

[0167] With this configuration, the grating 35 can utilize its included light-transmitting portion 70 and non-light-transmitting portion 71 to regulate the transmission angle of light emitted through the first light guide plate 7, converting at least a portion of the light into collimated light that propagates along a specific direction. Furthermore, by setting the non-light-transmitting portion 71 as an inclined structure, deviating it from the normal direction by 5° to 10°, the grating 35 corrects the transmission direction of the light emitted through the first light guide plate 7, allowing at least a portion of the light to also propagate along a direction inclined to the normal. Taking the application of the display module in automotive displays as an example, when displaying entertainment screens, to ensure driving safety and minimize interference with the driver, tilting the non-light-transmitting portion 71 5° to 10° towards the passenger side can make the light emitted from the automotive display more likely to propagate towards the passenger side, reducing the amount of light propagating towards the driver's side. Furthermore, by cooperating with the viewing angle adjustment component, the brightness of the light emitted from the driver's side at an oblique viewing angle can be reduced to a greater extent, further improving the privacy effect in the driver's side.

[0168] In other optional embodiments of the present invention, the light control structure 5 may also be a light control film or other structure capable of controlling the direction of light transmission. For example, the light control film is provided with microstructures, which are used to adjust the direction of light transmission.

[0169] In one implementation, such as Figure 37 As shown, Figure 37 This is another structural schematic diagram of the backlight component provided in an embodiment of the present invention. The backlight component 1 further includes a polymer liquid crystal film 36. The polymer liquid crystal film 36 is located on the side of the light control structure 5 facing away from the first light guide plate 7. The polymer liquid crystal film 36 includes a polymer liquid crystal layer 37 and an electrode layer 38 located on at least one side of the polymer liquid crystal layer 37.

[0170] Specifically, the polymer liquid crystal layer 37 includes a polymer and liquid crystal microdroplets uniformly dispersed within the polymer. When the display module is in shared mode, the electrode layer 38 is not energized, and the liquid crystal microdroplets are randomly arranged. At this time, the refractive index of the liquid crystal microdroplets does not match the refractive index of the polymer, and the polymer liquid crystal layer 37 is in a foggy state, scattering light. The light emitted through the light control structure 5 is dispersed by the polymer liquid crystal layer 37, increasing the transmission angle range of the light and helping to achieve a wider viewing angle. At this time, the luminous power of the first light source 6 can be increased to increase the final brightness of the backlight component 1. When the display module is in privacy mode, the electrode layer 38 is energized, and the electric field formed by the electrode layer 38 drives the optical axis of the liquid crystal microdroplets to rotate along the direction of the electric field. At this time, the refractive index of the liquid crystal microdroplets matches the refractive index of the polymer, and the polymer liquid crystal layer 37 is transparent, no longer scattering light. The light emitted through the light control structure 5 does not change its transmission direction when it is emitted through the polymer liquid crystal layer 37, which is more conducive to achieving a narrow viewing angle. As can be seen, in this embodiment of the invention, while using the viewing angle dimming component 3 for privacy protection, further cooperation with the polymer liquid crystal film 36 can achieve a better effect.

[0171] It should be noted that, in this embodiment of the invention, the backlight component 1 further includes a first flexible circuit board, the pins of which are bonded to the electrode layer 38. The first flexible circuit board is used to transmit voltage signals to the electrode layer 38 for driving the rotation of liquid crystal microdroplets. Furthermore, the backlight component 1 also includes a second flexible circuit board, the pins of which are bonded to the power supply leads or power supply terminals of the first light source 6. The second flexible circuit board is used to transmit power signals to the first light source 6 to control the first light source 6 to turn on.

[0172] Furthermore, such as Figures 38-40 As shown, Figure 38 Another structural schematic diagram of the polymer liquid crystal film 36 provided in this embodiment of the invention. Figure 39 A schematic diagram of another structure of the polymer liquid crystal film 36 provided in this embodiment of the invention. Figure 40 This invention provides another schematic diagram of the polymer liquid crystal film 36. The polymer liquid crystal film 36 further includes a first substrate 39 and a second substrate 40. A polymer liquid crystal layer 37 is located between the first substrate 39 and the second substrate 40, and an electrode layer 38 is located between the first substrate 39 and the polymer liquid crystal layer 37 and / or between the second substrate 40 and the polymer liquid crystal layer 37. For an example, please refer again... Figure 38 The electrode layer 38 is located between the first substrate 39 and the polymer liquid crystal layer 37 and between the second substrate 40 and the polymer liquid crystal layer 37, or, please refer again to Figure 39 The electrode layer 38 is located between the first substrate 39 and the polymer liquid crystal layer 37, or, please refer again... Figure 40The electrode layer 38 is located between the second substrate 40 and the polymer liquid crystal layer 37.

[0173] It should be noted that the first substrate 39 and the second substrate 40 can be formed from light-transmitting materials such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET). By providing the first substrate 39 and the second substrate 40, the electrode layer 38 can be formed on the first substrate 39 and / or the second substrate 40 during the manufacturing process of the polymer liquid crystal film 36, instead of being formed directly on the polymer liquid crystal layer 37. This avoids the manufacturing process of the electrode layer 38 affecting the structural characteristics of the polymer liquid crystal layer 37 and improves its reliability.

[0174] In one implementation, such as Figure 41 As shown, Figure 41 A schematic diagram of another structure of the backlight component 1 provided in this embodiment of the invention shows that the backlight component 1 further includes a second light guide structure 41, which includes a second light source 42 and a second light guide plate 43, wherein the second light source 42 is... Figure 41 As shown, the second light guide plate 43 is located on the side of the light control structure 5 facing away from the first light guide plate 7. In shared mode, the second light source 42 is turned on; in privacy mode, the second light source 42 is turned off.

[0175] Specifically, in the sharing mode, the second light source 42 is turned on, and the light emitted by the second light source 42 is emitted through the top of the second light guide plate 43 to form a large area of ​​surface light source; in the privacy mode, the second light source 42 is turned off, and only the light emitted by the first light guide plate 7 is used as the display light. This part of the display light is first controlled by the light control structure 5 to control the light transmission direction so that the light is transmitted in a specific direction, and then the viewing angle dimming component 3 is used to control the light a second time, directionally controlling the light output angle, reducing the amount of light output at the oblique viewing angle, and ensuring that there is a lower light output brightness at the oblique viewing angle.

[0176] In one implementation, such as Figures 42-44 As shown, Figure 42 A schematic diagram of another structure of the backlight component 1 provided in this embodiment of the invention. Figure 43 A schematic diagram of another structure of the backlight component 1 provided in this embodiment of the invention. Figure 44 In another structural schematic diagram of the backlight component 1 provided in this embodiment of the invention, the surface of the first light guide plate 7 facing away from the display component 2 is a first bottom surface 44, the first bottom surface 44 has a plurality of first microstructures 45, the first microstructures 45 are recessed inward along the direction toward the display component 2; and / or, the surface of the second light guide plate 43 facing away from the display component 2 is a second bottom surface 46, the second bottom surface 46 includes a plurality of second microstructures 47, the second microstructures 47 are recessed inward along the direction toward the display component 2.

[0177] For example, please see again Figure 42 The first light guide plate 7 is provided with a first microstructure 45, and the second light guide plate 43 is also provided with a second microstructure 47; or, please refer again to Figure 43 Only the first light guide plate 7 has the first microstructure 45; or, please refer again. Figure 44 Only the second light guide plate 43 is provided with the second microstructure 47.

[0178] It should be noted that the light guide plate is mainly made of optical-grade acrylic or polycarbonate (PC) sheets. The aforementioned microstructures can be formed using laser engraving, V-shaped cross-grid engraving, or ultraviolet (UV) screen printing technology. By setting microstructures on the light guide plate, the light emitted from the light source is reflected at each microstructure as it travels within the light guide plate. The reflected light diffuses in various directions before exiting through the top of the light guide plate. The reflection of light by the microstructures increases the range of light emission angles, making the light distribution within the light guide plate more uniform, thereby maximizing the light emission viewing angle range of the display module.

[0179] Furthermore, such as Figure 45 As shown, Figure 45 The size comparison diagram of the microstructures provided in the embodiments of the present invention shows that the size of the second microstructure 47 is smaller than the size of the first microstructure 45.

[0180] Since the second light guide plate 43 is located on the side of the first light guide plate 7 closest to the display component 2, when the second light source 42 is turned on, the light emitted through the second light guide plate 43 will directly enter the display component 2. If the size of the second microstructure 47 is too large, many obvious bright spots will appear on the second light guide plate 43, making it difficult to convert into a divergent surface light source. Therefore, in this embodiment of the invention, the size of the second microstructure 47 is set smaller than the size of the first microstructure 45. For example, the size of the first microstructure 45 is set to the millimeter level, while the size of the second microstructure 47 is set to the nanometer level. In this way, there are no obvious bright spots in the second light guide plate 43, and the second light guide plate 43 can more easily convert light into a divergent surface light source, improving the light emission effect.

[0181] In one implementation, such as Figures 46-48 As shown, Figure 46 Another structural schematic diagram of the second microstructure 47 provided in this embodiment of the invention. Figure 47 This is a top view of the second light guide plate 43 provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 48This is a schematic diagram of light transmission provided in an embodiment of the present invention. The second light source 42 is located on the side of the second light guide plate 43, that is, the second light source 42 is side-emitting. The second microstructure 47 has a first surface 48 and a second surface 49. The slope of the first surface 48 is less than the slope of the second surface 49, and the first surface 48 is located on the side of the second surface 49 closer to the second light source 42. In one feasible embodiment, the second surface 49 is a vertical surface and the first surface 48 is an inclined surface. Alternatively, in another feasible embodiment, both the first surface 48 and the second surface 49 are inclined surfaces, but the inclination angle of the first surface 48 is larger. It should be noted that the slope and the inclination angle refer to the angle between the slope and the normal, and the normal is perpendicular to the plane where the display module is located. With this configuration, the first surface 48 of the second microstructure 47, which is closer to the second light source 42, is an inclined surface. After the light emitted by the second light source 42 is transmitted to the first surface 48 of the second microstructure 47 and reflected by the first surface 48, the transmission angle of the reflected light is more divergent, thereby further improving the viewing angle range in the shared mode.

[0182] It should be noted that the inclined first surface 48 of the second microstructure 47 faces the second light source 42. Therefore, this type of second microstructure 47 can significantly adjust the light path of the side light emitted by the second light source 42. However, this type of second microstructure 47 has little impact on the light path of light incident from the bottom. In addition, the size of the second microstructure 47 is very small. Therefore, in privacy mode, when the light emitted from the first light guide plate 7 is emitted through the second light guide plate 43, the second light guide plate 43 hardly diffuses the light emitted from the first light guide plate 7.

[0183] In addition, it should be noted that the backlight component 1 may also include a third flexible circuit board, the pins of which are bound together with the power lead or power lead of the second light source 42. The second flexible circuit board is used to transmit power signals to the second light source 42 to control the second light source 42 to turn on.

[0184] Furthermore, in the shared mode, the first light source 6 is turned on. That is, when the display module is in the shared mode, the first light source 6 and the second light source 42 are turned on at the same time, thereby effectively increasing the light output of the backlight component 1, improving the light output brightness of the display module, and optimizing the display effect.

[0185] In one implementation, such as Figure 49 As shown, Figure 49 Another schematic diagram of the backlight component 1 provided in the embodiment of the invention. The backlight component 1 further includes: a diffuser 50, which is located between the first light guide plate 7 and the light control structure 5; and / or a prism sheet 51, which is located between the first light guide plate 7 and the light control structure 5, specifically located on the side of the diffuser 50 facing away from the first light guide plate 7; and / or a reflector 52, which is located on the side of the first light guide plate 7 facing away from the display component 2.

[0186] Specifically, the light emitted from the first light guide plate 7 is diffused by the diffuser 50 and then enters the prism sheet 51, where it is focused to achieve a brightening effect. By providing a reflector 52 on the side of the first light guide plate 7 facing away from the display component 2, the reflector 52 can reflect the light emitted from the bottom of the first light guide plate 7 back, thereby improving light utilization and brightness.

[0187] Based on the same inventive concept, embodiments of the present invention also provide a driving method for a display module, which is applied in the aforementioned display module, in conjunction with... Figure 1 and Figure 2 The display module has a shared mode and a privacy mode, such as Figure 50 As shown, Figure 50 A flowchart of a driving method provided in an embodiment of the invention, the driving method comprising:

[0188] Step S1: In the shared mode, the first electrode 8 and the second electrode 10 are not powered, and the first liquid crystal 9 is in a wide-viewing-angle filtering state.

[0189] Step S2: In privacy mode, the first electrode 8 and the second electrode 10 drive the first liquid crystal 9 to be in a narrow viewing angle filtering state.

[0190] Based on the analysis of the above embodiments, the driving method provided by this invention enables the display module to switch between shared mode and privacy mode: when the user is in an environment where privacy is not required, the display module can be controlled to be in shared mode, allowing the user to enjoy a wide viewing experience. Conversely, when the user is in an environment where privacy is required, the display module can be controlled to be in privacy mode, achieving a privacy effect that makes the user invisible when viewed from an oblique angle, effectively protecting user privacy from being leaked.

[0191] This invention provides another display module, such as... Figure 51 and Figure 52 As shown, Figure 51 This is another structural diagram of the display module in the shared mode provided in the embodiment of the present invention. Figure 52 This is another schematic diagram of the display module in privacy mode provided in an embodiment of the present invention. The display module includes a liquid crystal display component 53 and a viewing angle dimming component 3. The viewing angle dimming component 3 is located on the side of the liquid crystal display component 53 facing the light emission direction of the display module. The viewing angle dimming component 3 includes a first electrode 8, a first liquid crystal 9 located on the side of the first electrode 8 facing away from the liquid crystal display component 53, and a second electrode 10 located on the side of the first liquid crystal 9 facing away from the display component 53.

[0192] The display module has a shared mode and a privacy mode. In the shared mode, the first electrode 8 and the second electrode 10 are not powered, and the first liquid crystal 9 is in a wide-viewing-angle filtering state. In the privacy mode, the first electrode 8 and the second electrode 10 drive the first liquid crystal 9 to be in a narrow-viewing-angle filtering state, where V = 5.095 - 1.479 × ((ln(Δε) - ln(d1) + 1)), V is the voltage difference between the first electrode 8 and the second electrode 10, Δε is the difference between the dielectric constant ε / / and the dielectric constant ε⊥, and d1 is the cell thickness of the first liquid crystal 9 in the direction perpendicular to the plane of the display module.

[0193] When the display module displays an image, the light emitted by the liquid crystal display component 53 is further incident into the viewing angle dimming component 3.

[0194] Please see again Figure 51 When the display module is in shared mode, the first electrode 8 and the second electrode 10 in the viewing angle dimming component 3 are not energized, and no electric field is formed between the first electrode 8 and the second electrode 10. The first liquid crystal 9 is in a wide viewing angle filtering state. In this filtering state, the first liquid crystal 9 does not have an optical effect on the light transmitted in each viewing angle direction. Light from both the frontal and oblique viewing angle directions can exit the display module, and both the frontal and oblique viewing angles have high light output brightness, giving the display module a wide viewing angle range.

[0195] Please see again Figure 52 When the display module is in privacy mode, the first electrode 8 and the second electrode 10 in the viewing angle dimming component 3 are energized, forming an electric field between them. The first liquid crystal 9 rotates under the influence of this electric field, entering a narrow viewing angle filtering state. In this filtering state, the first liquid crystal 9 optically affects light from the oblique viewing angle, changing the polarization state of the light and preventing most of the light from escaping through the display module. This reduces the brightness at oblique viewing angles, achieving a privacy effect where the light is invisible from the oblique angle. In privacy mode, the frontal viewing angle has high brightness, while the left and right oblique viewing angles have very low brightness, resulting in a narrow viewing angle range for the display module.

[0196] As can be seen, by setting the viewing angle dimming component 3 and utilizing the principle of liquid crystal birefringence to directionally control the light output angle, the viewing angle switching between shared mode and privacy mode can be achieved: when privacy is not required, the display module is controlled in shared mode, allowing users to enjoy a wide viewing angle. When privacy is required, the display module is controlled in privacy mode, achieving a privacy effect that is invisible when viewed from an oblique angle, effectively protecting user privacy from being leaked.

[0197] Furthermore, to achieve a better privacy protection effect using the viewing angle dimming component 3, the inventors conducted multiple sets of data tests under different parameters V and d1. The test data are shown in Table 4 above, and a fitting formula between parameters V and d1 was obtained based on the multiple sets of test data. Thus, when designing the display module structure, regardless of the cell thickness of the first liquid crystal 9, a pressure difference matching the cell thickness can be obtained according to this formula. This allows the first liquid crystal 9 to rotate to the angle required for privacy mode under the drive of the electric field formed by the pressure difference, achieving a better privacy protection effect.

[0198] In addition, it should be noted that you should refer to [the website / platform] again. Figure 51 and Figure 52 The viewing angle dimming component 3 also includes a first substrate 11 and a second substrate 12 disposed opposite to each other. A first electrode 8 is located on the side of the first substrate 11 facing the second substrate 12, and a second electrode 10 is located on the side of the second substrate 12 facing the first substrate 11. The liquid crystal display component 53 includes a third electrode 13, a second liquid crystal 14, and a fourth electrode 15. The second liquid crystal 14 is located between the third electrode 13 and the fourth electrode 15, or the second liquid crystal 14 is located on the side of the third electrode 13 and the fourth electrode 15 facing the viewing angle dimming component 3. Figure 51 This illustration is based on the example of the second liquid crystal 14 being located between the third electrode 13 and the fourth electrode 15. Furthermore, the liquid crystal display component 53 also includes a third substrate 16 and a fourth substrate 17 disposed opposite each other, wherein the fourth substrate 17 is located on the side of the third substrate 16 closest to the first substrate 11.

[0199] In one implementation, such as Figure 17 , Figure 18 and Figure 53 As shown, Figure 53 This is another schematic diagram of the display module provided in an embodiment of the present invention. The display module further includes a first polarizer 21, a second polarizer 22, and a third polarizer 23. The first polarizer 21 is located on the side of the display component 2 facing away from the viewing angle dimming component 3, and has a first absorption axis P1. The second polarizer 22 is located between the display component 2 and the viewing angle dimming component 3, and has a second absorption axis P2, which is perpendicular to the first absorption axis P1. The third polarizer 23 is located on the side of the viewing angle dimming component 3 facing away from the display component 2, and has a third absorption axis P3, which is parallel to the second absorption axis P2.

[0200] By arranging two polarizers with perpendicular absorption axes on both sides of the liquid crystal display component 53, the light output brightness of the display component 2 can be controlled based on the cooperation of the two polarizers, thereby controlling the display image displayed by the display component 2. Furthermore, by making the absorption axes of the polarizers on both sides of the viewing angle dimming component 3 parallel to each other, the cooperation of these two polarizers can achieve both sharing and privacy protection effects. The specific working principle will be explained in detail in subsequent embodiments.

[0201] In one implementation, such as Figure 54 As shown, Figure 54 This is another structural schematic diagram of the display module provided in an embodiment of the present invention. The first liquid crystal 9 is a positive liquid crystal, specifically a single-axis positive liquid crystal. The pretilt angle of the first liquid crystal 9 is A1, 0°≤A1≤10°, that is, in the initial state of the first liquid crystal, the optical axis of the first liquid crystal 9 has an angle of 0° to 10° with the plane where the display module is located. The viewing angle dimming component 3 also includes a first alignment film 27 and a second alignment film 28. The first alignment film 27 is located on the side of the first liquid crystal 9 facing the display component 2, and the second alignment film 28 is located on the side of the first liquid crystal 9 facing away from the display component 2. The alignment directions of the first alignment film 27 and the second alignment film 28 are the same, and the alignment direction is parallel or perpendicular to the second absorption axis P2, and parallel to the extension direction of the edge of the display module.

[0202] The light emitted from the second polarizer 22 that travels along the normal viewing angle is the first linearly polarized light W1, and the light that travels along the oblique viewing angle is the second linearly polarized light W2. The polarization directions of the first linearly polarized light W1 and the second linearly polarized light W2 are both parallel to the second absorption axis P2.

[0203] Combination Figure 20 When the display module is in shared mode, the first electrode 8 and the second electrode 10 are not energized, and the first liquid crystal 9 is in a wide-viewing-angle filtering state: the angle between the optical axis P of the first liquid crystal 9 and the plane where the display module is located is the pretilt angle A1, and the first liquid crystal 9 is close to a flat state. In this mode, both the first linearly polarized light W1 and the second linearly polarized light W2 are emitted through the third polarizer 23, and have high light output brightness at both the normal viewing angle and the oblique viewing angle, without producing brightness loss.

[0204] Combination Figure 21When the display module is in privacy mode, the first electrode 8 and the second electrode 10 are energized to generate a vertical electric field, and the first liquid crystal 9 is in a narrow viewing angle filtering state. Since the first liquid crystal 9 is a positive liquid crystal, its optical axis P rotates along a direction parallel to the electric field direction, that is, it rotates relative to the plane where the display module is located. The angle between the optical axis P of the first liquid crystal 9 after rotation and the plane where the display module is located is B, B > A1, and B ≠ 90°. In this mode, the first linearly polarized light W1 can pass through the third polarizer 23 and be emitted without brightness loss at the normal viewing angle. The polarization state of the second linearly polarized light W2 changes after passing through the first liquid crystal 9, so that the polarization direction of the second linearly polarized light W2 is no longer parallel to the second absorption axis P2 and the third absorption axis P3. As a result, the second linearly polarized light W2 cannot pass through the third polarizer 23 and be emitted, thereby reducing the brightness of the light emitted at the oblique viewing angle.

[0205] The specific analysis process has been described in detail in the above embodiments and will not be repeated here.

[0206] As can be seen, based on the structure of the aforementioned viewing angle dimming component 3, when the display module is in shared mode, the viewing angle dimming component 3 can control the brightness to remain constant at both the direct and oblique viewing angles, ensuring high output brightness at both angles and improving the user's viewing experience at wide viewing angles. When the display module is in privacy mode, the viewing angle dimming component 3 can control the brightness to be attenuated only at the oblique viewing angle to achieve a privacy effect, without attenuating the brightness at the direct viewing angle, thus eliminating brightness loss at the direct viewing angle. Therefore, it is superior to existing technologies and provides a better user experience.

[0207] In one feasible implementation, A1 = 0°, so that the first liquid crystal 9 is in a completely flat position in the initial state, which can avoid brightness attenuation in the sharing mode to a greater extent. Alternatively, in another feasible implementation, 0° < A1 ≤ 10°. With this setting, when the display module switches from the sharing mode to the privacy mode, the first liquid crystal 9 can rotate based on A1, thereby enabling it to rotate to the angle required for the privacy mode more quickly.

[0208] Or, in another implementation, such as Figure 55 As shown, Figure 55This is another structural schematic diagram of the display module provided in an embodiment of the present invention. The first liquid crystal 9 is a negative liquid crystal, specifically a single-axis negative liquid crystal. The pretilt angle of the first liquid crystal 9 is A2, 85°≤A2≤95°. That is, in the initial state of the first liquid crystal, there is an angle of 85° to 95° between the optical axis of the first liquid crystal 9 and the plane where the display module is located. The viewing angle dimming component 3 also includes a first alignment film 27 and a second alignment film 28. The first alignment film 27 is located on the side of the first liquid crystal 9 facing the display component 2, and the second alignment film 28 is located on the side of the first liquid crystal 9 facing away from the display component 2. The alignment directions of the first alignment film 27 and the second alignment film 28 are the same, and the alignment direction is parallel or perpendicular to the second absorption axis P2, and parallel to the extension direction of the edge of the display module.

[0209] Combination Figure 23 When the display module is in shared mode, the first electrode 8 and the second electrode 10 are not energized, and the first liquid crystal 9 is in a wide-viewing-angle filtering state (initial state): the angle between the optical axis P of the first liquid crystal 9 and the plane where the display module is located is the pretilt angle A2, and the first liquid crystal 9 is close to an upright state. The polarization direction of the first linearly polarized light W1 and the second linearly polarized light W2 does not change after passing through the first liquid crystal 9, and remains parallel to the second absorption axis P2 and the third absorption axis P3. Therefore, both the first linearly polarized light W1 and the second linearly polarized light W2 are emitted through the third polarizer 23, and have high light output brightness at both the normal viewing angle and the oblique viewing angle, without brightness loss.

[0210] Combination Figure 24 When the display module is in privacy mode, the first electrode 8 and the second electrode 10 are energized to generate a perpendicular electric field, and the first liquid crystal 9 is in a narrow viewing angle filtering state. Since the first liquid crystal 9 is a negative liquid crystal, its optical axis P rotates along a direction perpendicular to the electric field direction, that is, it rotates relative to the plane where the display module is located. The angle between the optical axis P of the first liquid crystal 9 and the plane where the display module is located after rotation is B, B < A2, and B ≠ 0°. The first linearly polarized light W1 can pass through the third polarizer 23 and exit without brightness loss at the positive viewing angle. The second linearly polarized light W2 changes its polarization state after passing through the first liquid crystal 9 and cannot pass through the third polarizer 23, thereby reducing the brightness of the light emitted at the oblique viewing angle.

[0211] The specific analysis process has been described in detail in the above embodiments and will not be repeated here.

[0212] As can be seen, based on the structure of the aforementioned viewing angle dimming component 3, when the display module is in shared mode, the viewing angle dimming component 3 can control the brightness to remain constant at both the forward and oblique viewing angles, resulting in high output brightness at both angles and enhancing the user's viewing experience at wide viewing angles. When the display module is in privacy mode, the viewing angle dimming component 3 can control the brightness to be attenuated only at the oblique viewing angle to achieve a privacy effect, without attenuating the brightness at the forward viewing angle, thus eliminating brightness loss at the forward viewing angle and providing even greater output brightness.

[0213] In one feasible implementation, A2 = 90°, so that the first liquid crystal 9 is in a completely upright state in the initial state, which greatly avoids the brightness decay that occurs in the sharing mode. Alternatively, in another feasible implementation, 85° ≤ A2 ≤ 95° and A2 ≠ 90°. With this setting, when the display module switches from the sharing mode to the privacy mode, the first liquid crystal 9 can rotate based on A2, thereby enabling it to rotate to the angle required for the privacy mode more quickly.

[0214] In one implementation, please refer again. Figure 21 and Figure 24 When the first liquid crystal 9 is in a narrow viewing angle filtering state, the angle between the optical axis P of the first liquid crystal 9 and the plane where the display module is located is B, 40°≤B≤50°. At this time, the angle between the optical axis P of the first liquid crystal 9 and the plane where the display module is located is close to 45°. The influence of the first liquid crystal 9 on the optical characteristics of the second linearly polarized light W2 under the oblique viewing angle tends to be the greatest. The polarization state of the second polarized light after passing through the first liquid crystal 9 is changed to a greater extent, so that more second polarized light cannot pass through the third polarizer 23 and further increase the brightness attenuation under the oblique viewing angle, thus improving the privacy protection effect.

[0215] Furthermore, B = 45°, to minimize the light output brightness under the oblique angle in privacy mode.

[0216] In one implementation, please refer again. Figure 51 The liquid crystal display component 53 includes a second liquid crystal 14; in the plane direction where the display module is located, the cell thickness of the first liquid crystal 9 is d1, the cell thickness of the second liquid crystal 14 is d2, and d1 > d2.

[0217] If the cell thickness of the first liquid crystal 9 is small, in privacy mode, the phase delay efficiency of the light wave decomposed by the second linearly polarized light W2 passing through the first liquid crystal 9 at an oblique viewing angle is small, resulting in insignificant brightness attenuation at an oblique viewing angle. However, by making the cell thickness of the first liquid crystal 9 greater than that of the second liquid crystal 14, the phase delay efficiency of the second linearly polarized light W2 can be improved, resulting in greater brightness attenuation at an oblique viewing angle and a more significant privacy protection effect.

[0218] In one embodiment, the cell thickness of the first liquid crystal 9 is d1 in the plane direction where the vertical display module is located, where 5μm≤d1≤8μm.

[0219] By setting the minimum cell thickness of the first liquid crystal 9 to 5μm, the first liquid crystal 9 can have sufficient cell thickness, thereby ensuring that the first liquid crystal 9 has a significant impact on the polarization state of the second linearly polarized light W2 under oblique viewing angles, further increasing the brightness attenuation under oblique viewing angles. Conversely, by setting the maximum cell thickness of the first liquid crystal 9 to 8μm, its excessive thickness can be avoided, making the cell thickness of the first liquid crystal 9 approximately half the thickness of a waveplate. This achieves better privacy protection while avoiding impact on the overall thickness of the display module.

[0220] In one implementation, please refer again. Figure 51 and Figure 52 In the plane direction where the vertical display module is located, the first electrode 8 and the second electrode 10 respectively cover the first liquid crystal 9. At this time, the first electrode 8 and the second electrode 10 are planar electrodes. After the first electrode 8 and the second electrode 10 are energized, the first electrode 8 and the second electrode 10 can form a more uniform vertical electric field in the liquid crystal cell of the first liquid crystal 9. The first liquid crystal 9 in each area can rotate to the angle required for privacy protection under the action of the vertical electric field, and the control precision of the first liquid crystal 9 is higher.

[0221] Alternatively, in another implementation, please refer again to... Figure 26 and Figure 27 The first electrode 8 includes at least one first sub-electrode 29. The first sub-electrode 29 includes a first main electrode strip 30 and a plurality of first toothed electrode strips 31 arranged in parallel and connected to the first main electrode strip 30. In the plane direction perpendicular to the first polarizer 21, the second electrode 10 covers the first liquid crystal 9. At this time, the second electrode 10 is a planar electrode and the first electrode 8 is a grid electrode.

[0222] Alternatively, please see again. Figure 28 and Figure 29 In the plane direction perpendicular to the first polarizer 21, the first electrode 8 covers the first liquid crystal 9, and the second electrode 10 includes at least one second sub-electrode 32. The second sub-electrode 32 includes a second main electrode strip 33 and a plurality of second toothed electrode strips 34 arranged in parallel connected to the second main electrode strip 33. At this time, the first electrode 8 is a planar electrode and the second electrode 10 is a grid electrode.

[0223] When one of the first electrode 8 and the second electrode 10 is a planar electrode and the other is a grid electrode, a relatively uniform vertical electric field will be formed after the first electrode 8 and the second electrode 10 are energized. The first liquid crystal 9 rotates under the action of the vertical electric field, thereby adjusting the optical characteristics of the second linearly polarized light W2 at an oblique viewing angle. Moreover, by setting one of the first electrode 8 and the second electrode 10 as a grid electrode, the gaps between the toothed electrode strips of the grid electrode reduce the degree of light obstruction and improve the light emissivity of the display module.

[0224] Alternatively, in another implementation, please refer again to... Figure 31 and Figure 32 The first electrode 8 includes at least one first sub-electrode 29, which includes a first main electrode strip 30 and a plurality of first toothed electrode strips 31 arranged in parallel and connected to the first main electrode strip 30. The second electrode 10 includes at least one second sub-electrode 32, which includes a second main electrode strip 33 and a plurality of second toothed electrode strips 34 arranged in parallel and connected to the second main electrode strip 33. In the plane perpendicular to the first polarizer 21, the first electrode 8 and the second electrode 10 at least partially overlap. At this time, the first electrode 8 and the second electrode 10 are both grid electrodes. By making the first electrode 8 and the second electrode 10 at least partially overlap, the facing area of ​​the first electrode 8 and the second electrode 10 can be increased, forming a stronger and more uniform vertical electric field, thereby improving the rotation accuracy of the first liquid crystal 9.

[0225] Alternatively, please see again. Figure 30 and Figure 31 In the plane direction perpendicular to the first polarizer 21, the multiple first toothed electrode strips 31 of the first electrode 8 and the multiple second toothed electrode strips 34 of the second electrode 10 are interlocked, so that the toothed electrode strips of the first electrode 8 and the second electrode 10 are staggered, the degree of light obstruction by the electrodes is small, and the light emission rate of the display module is improved.

[0226] In one embodiment, to reduce the light obstruction by the first electrode 8 and the second electrode 10, the first electrode 8 and the second electrode 10 are both light-transmitting electrodes. For example, the first electrode 8 and the second electrode 10 are formed of a light-transmitting and conductive material such as indium tin oxide (ITO).

[0227] In one implementation, such as Figure 56 As shown, Figure 56 This is another schematic diagram of the display module provided in an embodiment of the present invention. The display module further includes a backlight component 1, which is located on the side of the liquid crystal display component 53 that is away from the viewing angle dimming component 3. The backlight component 1 includes a light guide plate 54 and a light source 55, wherein the light source can be bottom-emitting or, as shown in the diagram, a backlight component 1. Figure 56The light source 55 is shown as side-emitting. When the display module displays an image, the light source 55 is turned on. The light emitted by the light source 55 is transmitted within the light guide plate 54 and emitted through the top of the light guide plate 54, and then enters the liquid crystal display component 53.

[0228] Based on the same inventive concept, embodiments of the present invention also provide a driving method for a display module, which is used to drive the aforementioned display module, in conjunction with... Figure 51 and Figure 52 The display module has a shared mode and a privacy mode, such as Figure 57 As shown, Figure 57 This is another flowchart of the driving method provided in an embodiment of the present invention. The driving method includes:

[0229] Step K1: In the shared mode, the first electrode 8 and the second electrode 10 are not powered, and the first liquid crystal 9 is in a wide-viewing-angle filtering state.

[0230] Step K2: In privacy mode, the first electrode 8 and the second electrode 10 drive the first liquid crystal 9 to be in a narrow viewing angle filtering state, where V = 5.095 - 1.479 × ((ln(Δε) - ln(d1) + 1)), V is the pressure difference between the first electrode 8 and the second electrode 10, Δε is the difference between the dielectric constant ε / / and the dielectric constant ε⊥, and d1 is the cell thickness of the first liquid crystal 9 in the direction perpendicular to the plane of the display module.

[0231] Based on the analysis of the above embodiments, the driving method provided by the present invention allows the display module to switch between wide and narrow viewing angles according to different application scenarios. Furthermore, when the cell thickness of the first liquid crystal 9 in the display module is designed to a fixed value, a pressure difference matching the cell thickness can be obtained according to the formula. This allows the first liquid crystal 9 to rotate to the angle required for the privacy mode under the drive of the electric field formed by the pressure difference, thereby achieving a better privacy effect.

[0232] Based on the same inventive concept, embodiments of the present invention also provide a display device, such as... Figure 58 and Figure 59 As shown, Figure 58 This is a schematic diagram of a display device provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 59 This is another schematic diagram of the structure of the display device provided in an embodiment of the present invention, the display device including as follows Figures 1 to 49 The display module 100 shown, or, as shown Figures 51-56 The display module 100 is shown. The specific structure of the display module 100 has been described in detail in the above embodiments and will not be repeated here.

[0233] It should be noted that the display device can be an in-vehicle display screen, mobile phone, computer, or television, etc. When the liquid crystal display device is used as an in-vehicle display screen, it can be applied in vehicles such as automobiles, high-speed trains, submarines, ships, or airplanes. Taking the application of the liquid crystal display device in an automobile as an example, the display device can be an independent structure in the automobile, or it can be integrated with other structures in the automobile, such as integrated with the windshield or integrated with the dashboard. The embodiments of the present invention do not limit this.

[0234] Based on the same inventive concept, embodiments of the present invention also provide a means of transportation, such as... Figure 60 As shown, Figure 60 This is a schematic diagram of a vehicle provided in an embodiment of the present invention. The vehicle includes the aforementioned display device, wherein... Figure 60 The vehicles shown are for illustrative purposes only and may include automobiles, high-speed trains, submarines, ships, or airplanes.

[0235] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0236] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A display module, characterized in that, It includes a liquid crystal display component and a viewing angle dimming component, wherein the viewing angle dimming component is located on the side of the liquid crystal display component facing the light emission direction of the display module, wherein, The viewing angle dimming component includes a first electrode, a first liquid crystal located on the side of the first electrode facing away from the liquid crystal display component, and a second electrode located on the side of the first liquid crystal facing away from the liquid crystal display component; The liquid crystal display component includes a second liquid crystal. In the direction perpendicular to the plane where the display module is located, the cell thickness of the first liquid crystal is d1, and the cell thickness of the second liquid crystal is d2, where d1 > d2. The display module has a sharing mode and a privacy mode; In the shared mode, the first electrode and the second electrode are not powered, and the first liquid crystal is in a wide-viewing-angle filtering state; In the privacy mode, the first electrode and the second electrode drive the first liquid crystal to be in a narrow viewing angle filtering state, wherein, V is the pressure difference between the first electrode and the second electrode, Δε is the difference between the dielectric constant ε / / and the dielectric constant ε⊥, and d1 is the cell thickness of the first liquid crystal in the direction perpendicular to the plane where the display module is located.

2. The display module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The display module also includes: A first polarizer is located on the side of the liquid crystal display component facing away from the viewing angle dimming component, and the first polarizer has a first absorption axis; A second polarizer is located between the liquid crystal display component and the viewing angle dimming component. The second polarizer has a second absorption axis, which is perpendicular to the first absorption axis. The third polarizer is located on the side of the viewing angle dimming component facing away from the liquid crystal display component. The third polarizer has a third absorption axis, which is parallel to the second absorption axis.

3. The display module according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first liquid crystal is a positive liquid crystal, and the pretilt angle of the first liquid crystal is A1, 0°≤A1≤10°; The viewing angle dimming component further includes a first alignment film and a second alignment film. The first alignment film is located on the side of the first liquid crystal facing the liquid crystal display component, and the second alignment film is located on the side of the first liquid crystal facing away from the liquid crystal display component. The alignment directions of the first alignment film and the second alignment film are the same, and the alignment direction is parallel or perpendicular to the second absorption axis and parallel to the extension direction of the edge of the display module.

4. The display module according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first liquid crystal is a negative liquid crystal, and the pretilt angle of the first liquid crystal is A2, 85°≤A2≤95°; The viewing angle dimming component further includes a first alignment film and a second alignment film. The first alignment film is located on the side of the first liquid crystal facing the liquid crystal display component, and the second alignment film is located on the side of the first liquid crystal facing away from the liquid crystal display component. The alignment directions of the first alignment film and the second alignment film are the same, and the alignment direction is parallel or perpendicular to the second absorption axis and parallel to the extension direction of the edge of the display module.

5. The display module according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the first liquid crystal is in the narrow viewing angle filtering state, the angle between the optical axis of the first liquid crystal and the plane where the display module is located is B, where 40°≤B≤50°.

6. The display module according to claim 1, characterized in that, B =45°。 7. The display module according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the direction perpendicular to the plane where the display module is located, the cell thickness of the first liquid crystal is d1, where 5μm≤d1≤8μm.

8. The display module according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the plane direction perpendicular to the display module, the first electrode and the second electrode respectively cover the first liquid crystal.

9. The display module according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first electrode includes at least one first sub-electrode, the first sub-electrode includes a first main electrode strip and a plurality of first toothed electrode strips arranged in parallel connected to the first main electrode strip, and the second electrode covers the first liquid crystal in a direction perpendicular to the plane where the first polarizer is located; Alternatively, in a plane perpendicular to the first polarizer, the first electrode covers the first liquid crystal, and the second electrode includes at least one second sub-electrode. The second sub-electrode includes a second main electrode strip and a plurality of second toothed electrode strips arranged in parallel connected to the second main electrode strip.

10. The display module according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first electrode includes at least one first sub-electrode, the first sub-electrode includes a first main electrode strip and a plurality of first toothed electrode strips arranged in parallel connected to the first main electrode strip; the second electrode includes at least one second sub-electrode, the second sub-electrode includes a second main electrode strip and a plurality of second toothed electrode strips arranged in parallel connected to the second main electrode strip. In the direction perpendicular to the plane where the first polarizer is located, the first electrode and the second electrode at least partially overlap; Alternatively, in a plane perpendicular to the first polarizer, a plurality of first toothed electrode strips of the first electrode and a plurality of second toothed electrode strips of the second electrode are interlocked.

11. The display module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first electrode and the second electrode are light-transmitting electrodes.

12. The display module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The display module further includes a backlight component, which is located on the side of the liquid crystal display component facing away from the viewing angle dimming component. The backlight component includes a light guide plate and a light source.

13. A driving method for a display module, characterized in that, The driving method is used to drive a display module as described in any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the display module has a sharing mode and a privacy mode, the driving method comprising: In the shared mode, the first electrode and the second electrode are not powered, and the first liquid crystal is in a wide-viewing-angle filtering state; In the privacy mode, the first electrode and the second electrode drive the first liquid crystal to be in a narrow viewing angle filtering state, wherein, V is the pressure difference between the first electrode and the second electrode, Δε is the difference between the dielectric constant ε / / and the dielectric constant ε⊥, and d1 is the cell thickness of the first liquid crystal in the direction perpendicular to the plane where the display module is located.

14. A display device, characterized in that, Includes the display module as described in any one of claims 1 to 12.

15. A means of transportation, characterized in that, Includes the display device as described in claim 14.

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