A water and fertilizer management method for saline-alkali paddy rice planting

Abstract

This invention belongs to the field of crop cultivation technology, and in particular relates to a water and fertilizer management method for rice cultivation in saline-alkali land. Combining the technical characteristics of rice cultivation in saline-alkali land, and based on rice leaf age diagnosis technology, it rationally adjusts the nitrogen fertilizer ratio between basal tillers and panicles, and adjusts the application time of tillering fertilizer and panicle fertilizer. In terms of water management, it adopts an alternating shallow, wet, and deep irrigation mode to solve the existing water and fertilizer management technical problems in rice production in saline-alkali land, promote the robustness of individual rice plants, coordinate the contradiction between individual plants and the overall population, improve the overall population quality, and thus achieve high yield and high efficiency in rice cultivation in saline-alkali land.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of crop cultivation technology, and in particular relates to a method for water and fertilizer management in rice cultivation in saline-alkali land. Background Technology

[0002] In current rice production in saline-alkali land in western Jilin, basal fertilizer is applied before paddy fields are flooded, resulting in significant fertilizer loss after leaching and drainage. The proportion of nitrogen fertilizer in basal fertilizer is too high, leading to low utilization and irrational management. Greening fertilizer consists only of nitrogen, resulting in a single type, slow greening, and low seedling survival rate. The timing of tillering and panicle fertilizer application does not match the optimal nutrient requirements of rice in saline-alkali land, resulting in numerous ineffective tillers and low panicle formation. The long-term irrigation method of flood irrigation with excessively deep water layers, without alternating deep and shallow water, leads to serious water waste. Therefore, relevant measures in fertilization techniques and water layer management need improvement. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a water and fertilizer management method for rice cultivation in saline-alkali land. This method uses leaf age progression as the main guideline, precisely quantifies fertilization timing and water layer management diagnostic indicators, rationally balances nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in fertilization, combines basal, tillering, and panicle stages, and combines deep and shallow water layer management with timely light drying of the field, achieving high yield, high quality, and high efficiency in rice cultivation in saline-alkali land. It is suitable for rice cultivation in saline-alkali land in western Jilin Province, starting from the cultivation of strong seedlings in dry conditions until the rice heads and matures. This includes: the seedling stage, transplanting stage, tillering stage, growth transformation stage, panicle growth stage, and grain filling stage.

[0004] The objective of this invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0005] This invention discloses a water and fertilizer management method for rice cultivation in saline-alkali land, where N represents the total number of leaves on the main stem of rice and n represents the number of elongated internodes on the main stem of rice. The method is characterized by the following steps:

[0006] 1. Fertilization methods

[0007] (1) Base fertilizer: The pure amounts of nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer added are 20-25% of the total pure amount of nitrogen fertilizer, 100% of the total pure amount of phosphorus fertilizer and 50-60% of the total pure amount of potassium fertilizer during the entire rice growth period; after the paddy field is drained, fertilization operations are carried out by drones or side-deep fertilization transplanters to reduce fertilizer loss caused by paddy field drainage; the specific total amount of fertilizer applied is determined according to the results of soil basic fertility test, rice variety, target yield and climate conditions.

[0008] (2) Greening and tillering fertilizer: The pure amount of nitrogen fertilizer added is 45-55% of the total nitrogen fertilizer during the entire rice growth period, of which greening fertilizer is 10-15% and tillering fertilizer is 35-45%; microbial granules are added at the same time as greening fertilizer and the application is completed at the 4-leaf stage to promote root development; tillering fertilizer is applied in 2-3 times, starting from the 6-leaf stage and completed two leaf ages (Nn-2) before the critical leaf age for effective tillering to promote the occurrence of effective tillers, control the number of ineffective tillers, and improve the panicle formation rate;

[0009] (3) Heading fertilizer: The pure amount of nitrogen fertilizer and potassium fertilizer added is 20-35% of the total pure amount of nitrogen fertilizer and 40-50% of the total pure amount of potassium fertilizer during the entire rice growth period. The heading fertilizer is applied all at once when the jointing (N-n+3) leaf age is in the middle stage.

[0010] 2. Water layer management methods

[0011] (1) 3.1-4.5 leaves: shallow water

[0012] During the rice's greening stage, keep the water level at a shallow depth of about 3-5cm to prevent it from drying out.

[0013] (2) 4.5 to (Nn-1) leaves: alternating light and wet conditions

[0014] During the effective tillering stage of rice, irrigation should be mainly carried out with shallow water of 3-5cm. On sunny days, the water layer should be kept moist. On cloudy days, the water should be allowed to dry out for 1 day after it dries out, and then watered again the next day.

[0015] (3)(Nn-1) to (N-n+2) leaves: deep water

[0016] One leaf age before the critical leaf age for effective tillering, first carry out deep water control tillering at a depth of 15-20cm, maintain it for 7-10 days, and then drain it. This has the effect of controlling tillering and washing away salt and reducing alkali. Repeat this water layer management process.

[0017] (4)(N-n+3) Leaf stage (sword leaf tip emerges): alternating shallow and moist conditions

[0018] When the rice begins to joint, at a depth of 5-7cm, allow it to naturally dry out until the surface of the field is moist and there is water in the footwells before irrigating. Repeat this water layer management process, ensuring the field does not dry out completely, until the tips of the flag leaves emerge.

[0019] (5) From (the tip of the sword leaf emerges) to (the auricle of the sword leaf emerges 5cm): Deep water

[0020] During the period from the tip of the sword leaf to the auricle of the sword leaf +5cm, the water layer is deepened to more than 17cm to prevent cold damage and to wash away salt and reduce alkalinity.

[0021] (6) From the emergence of sword-leaf auricles 5cm to the emergence of spikelets: alternating between shallow and moist conditions

[0022] Once the water level has been restored to 5-7cm, allow it to naturally seep dry until the field surface is moist and there is water in the footwells before irrigating again. Repeat this water level management process until the ears begin to emerge.

[0023] (7) Heading stage: shallow water

[0024] During the heading stage of rice, keep the field surface watered, with a water layer of 5-7 cm;

[0025] (8) After heading - ripening: alternating between shallow and wet conditions

[0026] Each time, irrigate 5-7cm, let it seep dry naturally until the field surface is moist and there is water in the footwell, then irrigate again. Repeat this water layer management until the rice is ripe. Generally, stop irrigation at the end of the waxy ripening stage and drain the water at the beginning of the yellow ripening stage to ensure irrigation time after the rice heads emerge. For low-lying plots, drainage should be carried out in advance.

[0027] Furthermore, in step 1, rice seedlings are transplanted to the field using a rice transplanter; the application of fertilizers for greening, tillering, and panicle formation is done by drone.

[0028] Advantages of this invention:

[0029] 1. This invention combines the technical characteristics of rice cultivation in saline-alkali land, based on rice leaf age diagnosis technology, and rationally adjusts the nitrogen fertilizer ratio between basal tillers and panicles, as well as the application time of tillering fertilizer and panicle fertilizer. In terms of water management, it adopts an alternating shallow, wet, and deep irrigation mode to solve the existing water and fertilizer management technical problems in the current rice production in saline-alkali land, promotes the robustness of individual rice plants in saline-alkali land, coordinates the contradiction between individual plants and the population, improves the quality of the population, and thus achieves high yield and high efficiency in rice cultivation in saline-alkali land.

[0030] 2. In terms of fertilization technology, this invention shifts the application of nitrogen fertilizer later, reduces the proportion of nitrogen fertilizer in the base fertilizer, and increases the proportion of nitrogen fertilizer in the tillering and heading fertilizers; in view of the long greening period of saline-alkali land, the application of tillering fertilizer is delayed until the 6-leaf stage.

[0031] 3. In terms of water management technology, this invention adopts an alternating shallow, wet, and deep irrigation mode to replace the conventional flood irrigation mode, which promotes seedling rooting, increases effective tillering, controls ineffective tillering, and increases soil oxygen content, while saving 18-23% of irrigation water per mu.

[0032] 4. This invention achieves high yield and high efficiency in rice cultivation in saline-alkali land: Compared with conventional rice cultivation techniques in saline-alkali land, this technology can promote faster greening of rice in saline-alkali land, increase the seedling survival rate by 4.3%; promote early and rapid tillering, increase the number of low-position tillers, reduce late-maturing ineffective tillers, and increase the tillering panicle formation rate by 4.8%; increase the panicle formation rate, promote robust individual development, facilitate the formation of large panicles, increase the number of harvested panicles by 3.2%, increase the number of grains per panicle by 2.5%, and increase the thousand-grain weight by 0.5%; promote coordinated rice paddy populations, ensure balanced and consistent growth, and increase photosynthetic efficiency, resulting in a theoretical yield increase of over 6% and an actual yield increase of over 5%. Detailed Implementation

[0033] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to embodiments. The specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and are not intended to limit the invention.

[0034] Example

[0035] A water and fertilizer management method for rice cultivation in saline-alkali land, specifically including:

[0036] 1. Seedling raising: Raise 42 seedling trays per mu of paddy field. Before sowing, fill the seedling trays with 2cm of seedling substrate soil. The sowing amount is 115-125g of dry seeds per tray, with 7-8 seedlings per hole. After sowing, cover with about 0.5cm of soil, and then cover with plastic film to keep warm.

[0037] 2. Base fertilizer: The pure amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers added during the entire rice growth period are 20-25% of the total pure nitrogen fertilizer, 100% of the total pure phosphorus fertilizer, and 50-60% of the total pure potassium fertilizer. After draining the paddy field, use drones or side-deep fertilization transplanters for fertilization to reduce fertilizer loss caused by drainage. The specific amount of fertilizer should be determined based on the soil fertility test results, rice variety, target yield, and climatic conditions. In saline-alkali paddy fields in western Jilin, the pure amount of fertilizer per mu is generally 8-15 kg / mu of pure nitrogen, 3-7 kg / mu of pure phosphorus, and 4-7 kg / mu of pure potassium.

[0038] Transplanting: When the seedlings have 3.1-3.5 leaves, transplant them to the field using a rice transplanter. The transplanting size is 30×12cm, with 7-8 seedlings per hole.

[0039] 3. Tillering stage: Maintain a shallow water layer of 5cm for irrigation; apply fertilizer immediately after transplanting; apply fertilizer for tillering in 2-3 applications, completing the application 2 leaf ages before the critical leaf age for effective tillering.

[0040] 4. Fertility transition period:

[0041] One leaf age before the critical tillering age, deep water is used to control tillering at a depth of 15-20cm for 7-10 days, and then the water is drained. This process controls tillering and washes away salt and reduces alkali. This process is repeated from (Nn-1) to (N-n+2).

[0042] 5. Heading stage: (N-n+3) When rice begins to joint, apply all the fertilizer at once when the rice is in the middle of the jointing leaf stage. The total nitrogen fertilizer should be 20-35% and the total potassium fertilizer should be 40-50%. The water layer should be 5-7cm. Let it seep dry naturally until the field surface is moist and there is water in the footwells, then irrigate again. Repeat this process until the flag leaf tips emerge. Do not let the water dry out completely.

[0043] During the period from the tip of the sword leaf to 5cm above the auricle, the water depth is increased to more than 17cm to prevent cold damage and to wash away salt and reduce alkalinity.

[0044] (When the sword-shaped leaf auricles emerge 5cm) until the heading begins, alternate between shallow and wet conditions, restoring the water layer to 5-7cm, allowing it to naturally seep dry until the field surface is moist and there is water in the footwells, then irrigate again, repeating this process until the heading begins.

[0045] 6. Grain filling stage: During the heading stage of rice, maintain a water layer of 5-7cm; after heading, irrigate 5-7cm each time, let it seep dry naturally until the field surface is moist and there is water in the footwell, then irrigate again, repeating this process until the rice ripens to yellow; generally, stop irrigation at the end of the waxy ripe stage and drain the water at the beginning of the yellow ripe stage to ensure 45 days of irrigation time after the rice heads emerge. For low-lying plots, drainage should be carried out in advance.

[0046] The technology of this invention has better effects compared with conventional water and fertilizer management techniques. See Tables 1 and 2 for a comparison.

[0047] Table 1 Comparison of the present invention and conventional fertilization techniques

[0048]

[0049]

[0050] Table 2 Comparison of the present invention and conventional water layer management techniques

[0051]

[0052]

[0053] This invention provides a water and fertilizer management method for rice cultivation in saline-alkali land. Compared with traditional saline-alkali land rice cultivation techniques, this method uses leaf age progression as the main guideline, precisely quantifies fertilization timing and water layer management diagnostic indicators, rationally balances nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in fertilization, combines basal, tillering, and panicle stages, and combines deep and shallow water layer management with timely light field drying, achieving high yield, high quality, and high efficiency in saline-alkali land rice cultivation. This precise and high-yield water and fertilizer management method for saline-alkali land rice provided by this invention is suitable for soda saline-alkali land rice cultivation in western Jilin Province, starting from the cultivation of strong seedlings in dry conditions until the rice heads and matures. It includes: seedling stage, transplanting stage, tillering stage, growth transformation stage, panicle growth stage, and grain filling stage.

[0054] The invention will be further described below with reference to specific examples.

[0055] In 2021, in Baicheng City, Jilin Province, the early-maturing japonica rice variety Hongke 181 was used as the experimental variety. Field plot trials were conducted, with each plot measuring 300 square meters. The application of this technology was compared with conventional cultivation methods, and the trials were repeated three times. The total annual pure fertilizer application was: 14.4 kg / mu of pure nitrogen, 3.6 kg / mu of pure phosphorus, and 6.1 kg / mu of pure potassium. Soil conditions in the experimental plots are shown in Table 3.

[0056] Table 3 Basic Soil Conditions of the Experimental Site

[0057]

[0058]

[0059] 1. The seedling stage includes:

[0060] (1) The seedbed, nutrient soil, soft seedling tray, and seedling greenhouse are the same as those used in conventional rice seedling raising techniques.

[0061] (2) Sowing method and sowing amount: Prepare 42 pot-shaped blanket seedling trays (648 holes) per mu of field. Before sowing, fill the seedling trays with a 2cm thick layer of seedling substrate soil. The sowing amount is 115-125g of dry seeds per tray, with about 7-8 seeds per hole. After sowing, cover with about 0.5cm of soil, and then cover with plastic film to keep warm. The management of the seedling field is the same as that of conventional dry seedling raising technology.

[0062] 2. The transplanting period includes:

[0063] Hongke 181 is a variety with 15 main stem leaves and 5 elongated internodes. When the seedlings reach 3.1-3.5 leaves, they are transplanted to the field using a 6-row guided self-propelled high-speed side-deep fertilization rice transplanter. The transplanting size is 30×12cm, with 7-8 seedlings per hill. The transplanting method should be "shallow, straight, even, uniform, and full," that is, the transplanting depth is 1.5-2cm, the transplanting direction is straight, the number of seedlings per hill is uniform, the seedlings are upright and neat, and the corners are filled. The base fertilizer application rate is 24kg / mu (NPK=15:15:15), which is equivalent to 3.6kg of pure nitrogen, 3.6kg of pure phosphorus, and 3.6kg of pure potassium. The side-deep fertilization rice transplanter is used simultaneously with the transplanting.

[0064] 3. The tillering stage includes:

[0065] During the greening period, maintain a shallow water layer of 5cm for irrigation. Apply the greening fertilizer at the 4-leaf stage, generally immediately after transplanting. Use 7.7 kg / mu of commercial ammonium sulfate (N 21%), equivalent to 1.6 kg / mu of pure nitrogen, and 1 kg / mu of microbial granular inoculant (total bacterial count ≥ 100 million / g). Apply the tillering fertilizer three times, at 6-8 leaf stage, completing the application at the 8-leaf stage. Each application uses 10 kg / mu of commercial ammonium sulfate, totaling 6.3 kg / mu of pure nitrogen. The effective tillering leaf age is calculated by subtracting the number of elongated internodes from the number of leaves on the main stem. Hongke 181 is a variety with 15 leaves on the main stem; the critical leaf age for effective tillering is 10 leaves. Fertilizer is applied by drone to ensure uniformity and accuracy.

[0066] 4. The reproductive transition period includes:

[0067] When the plant has 9 to 12 leaves, one leaf age before the critical tillering age, deep water is used to control tillering at a depth of 15-20 cm for 7-10 days. Then the water is drained to control tillering and wash away salt and reduce alkali. This process is repeated.

[0068] 5. The spikelet growth stage includes:

[0069] The optimal time for applying panicle fertilizer is during the mid-jointing stage (N-n+3 leaves). For Hongke 181, when the main stem has 13.5 leaves, 50% of the first internode at the base of the main stem in the field should have completed jointing. The dosage of panicle fertilizer is 13.7 kg / mu of commercial ammonium sulfate (equivalent to 2.9 kg / mu of pure nitrogen) and 5 kg / mu of commercial potassium sulfate (K50%) (equivalent to 2.5 kg / mu of pure potassium). From the emergence of the flag leaf tip to 5 cm above the flag leaf auricle, the water level should be increased to over 17 cm to prevent cold damage and to leach salt and reduce alkalinity. From 5 cm above the flag leaf auricle until heading, alternate between shallow and wet conditions, restoring the water level to 5-7 cm. Allow the water to naturally drain until the field surface is moist and there is water in the footwells before irrigating again. Repeat this process until heading begins.

[0070] 6. The fruiting period includes:

[0071] During the heading stage of rice, maintain a water level of 5-7 cm. After heading, irrigate 5-7 cm each time, allowing the water to seep naturally until the field surface is moist and there is water in the footwells before irrigating again. Repeat this process until the rice reaches yellow maturity. Irrigation is generally stopped at the end of the waxy maturity stage and drained at the beginning of the yellow maturity stage to ensure 45 days of irrigation after the rice heads emerge. For low-lying areas, drainage should be carried out in advance.

[0072] Table 4. Rejuvenation time and seedling survival under different treatments (2021, Baicheng, Jilin)

[0073]

[0074] The experimental data in Table 4 show that, compared with the control, the greening time of this treatment was advanced by 4 days and the seedling survival rate was increased by 4.3%. This indicates that the technology is beneficial for accelerating the greening of rice, promoting early and rapid root development, improving the survival rate of seedlings in saline-alkali land, and laying a good foundation for the establishment of high-yield populations.

[0075] Table 5. Field tiller dynamics differences among different treatments (2021, Baicheng, Jilin)

[0076]

[0077] Based on the yield and yield structure survey data in Table 5, this technology increases the number of plants in the field at the critical leaf age for effective tillering by 550,000 plants / hm² compared to conventional technology. 2 The number of plants decreased by 100,000 per hectare during the jointing stage. 2 The number of harvested ears increased by 160,000 plants / hm² 2 The panicle formation rate increased by 4.8%, indicating that the technology is beneficial to promoting the early and rapid development of low-position tillers, reducing the occurrence of ineffective tillers, improving the panicle formation rate of tillers, improving the quality of rice populations in saline-alkali land, ensuring high photosynthetic efficiency of the population, and promoting the improvement of various indicators of yield structure.

[0078] Table 6. Differences in yield and yield structure among different treatments (2021, Baicheng, Jilin)

[0079]

[0080] Based on the yield and yield structure survey data in Table 6, this technology increases the number of harvested ears by 160,000 plants / hm² compared to conventional technology. 2 The yield increased by 3.2%; the number of grains per ear increased by 2.1, an increase of 2.5%; the thousand-grain weight increased by 0.1g, an increase of 0.5%; and the theoretical yield increased by 577.3kg / hm². 2 Increased by 6.3%; yield per square meter was 519.6 kg / hm². 2 The yield increased by 5.2%, indicating that the technology effectively increased the number of harvested ears, promoted the formation of large ears, increased the number of grains per ear and the thousand-grain weight, and promoted the comprehensive improvement of various indicators of yield structure.

[0081] In 2022, a large-scale comparative trial was conducted in Sanhe Village, Jianping Township, Zhenlai County, Baicheng City, Jilin Province, using the early-maturing japonica rice variety Hongke 181 as the experimental variety. The control and treatment areas were each 400 mu, and the fertilization amount, timing, and water management technical standards remained unchanged.

[0082] Table 7. Differences in yield and yield structure among different treatments in different regions (2022, Baicheng, Jilin)

[0083]

[0084]

[0085] According to the field data survey results in Table 7, the application of this technology can effectively increase the number of harvested rice panicles by 180,000 per hectare. 2 The yield increased by 3.6%; the number of grains per ear increased by 1.6, an increase of 1.9%; the thousand-grain weight increased by 0.1g, an increase of 0.5%; and the theoretical yield increased by 564kg / hm². 2 Increased by 6.1%; Actual yield was 507.6 kg / hm² 2 The yield increased by 5.5%. Furthermore, compared with conventional techniques, this water and fertilizer management method for rice cultivation in saline-alkali land has improved the number of harvested panicles, the number of grains per panicle, and the thousand-grain weight to varying degrees. This indicates that the technology can effectively improve the population quality of rice in saline-alkali land, better coordinate the contradiction between individual rice plants and the population, and achieve the goal of high yield and high efficiency in rice cultivation in saline-alkali land.

[0086] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for water and fertilizer management in rice cultivation on saline-alkali land, wherein N represents the total number of leaves on the main stem of rice, and n represents the number of elongated internodes on the main stem of rice, characterized in that... Includes the following steps:

1. Fertilizer Management (1) Base fertilizer: The pure amount of nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer added is 20-25% of the total pure amount of nitrogen fertilizer, 100% of the total pure amount of phosphorus fertilizer and 50-60% of the total pure amount of potassium fertilizer during the entire rice growth period; after the paddy field is drained, the fertilization operation is carried out by drone or side-deep fertilization transplanter to reduce the fertilizer loss caused by the paddy field drainage. (2) Greening and tillering fertilizer: The pure amount of nitrogen fertilizer added is 45-55% of the total nitrogen fertilizer during the entire rice growth period, of which greening fertilizer is 10-15% and tillering fertilizer is 35-45%; biological agents are added at the same time as greening fertilizer and the application is completed at the 4-leaf stage to promote root development; tillering fertilizer is applied in 2-3 times, starting from the 6-leaf stage and completed 2 leaf ages before the critical leaf age for effective tillering to promote the occurrence of effective tillers, control the number of ineffective tillers, and improve the panicle formation rate; (3) Panicle fertilizer: The pure amount of nitrogen fertilizer and potassium fertilizer added is 20-35% of the total pure amount of nitrogen fertilizer and 40-50% of the total pure amount of potassium fertilizer during the entire rice growth period. The panicle fertilizer is applied all at once when the jointing leaf age is in the middle stage.

2. Water layer management (1) 3.1-4.5 leaves: shallow water During the rice's greening stage, keep the water level at a shallow depth of 3-5cm to prevent it from drying out. (2) 4.5 to (Nn-1) leaves: alternating light and wet conditions During the effective tillering stage of rice, irrigation should be mainly carried out with shallow water of 3-5cm. On sunny days, the water layer should be kept moist. On cloudy days, the water should be allowed to dry out for 1 day after it dries out, and then watered again the next day. (3) (Nn-1) to (N-n+2) leaves: deep water One leaf age before the critical leaf age for effective tillering, first carry out deep water control of tillering, at a depth of 15-20cm, and maintain it for 7-10 days, then drain it. This has the effect of controlling tillering and washing away salt and reducing alkali. Repeat this process. (4) (N-n+3) leaves to sword-shaped leaves with tips showing: alternating shallow and wet conditions When the rice begins to joint, the water level should be 5-7cm. Allow it to naturally seep dry until the surface of the field is moist and there is water in the footwells. Then irrigate again. Repeat this process, ensuring the water level does not dry out completely, until the tips of the sword leaves emerge. (5) From the tip of the sword leaf to the auricle emerging 5cm: deep water During the period from the tip of the sword leaf to the auricle of the sword leaf +5cm, the water layer is deepened to more than 17cm to prevent cold damage and to wash away salt and reduce alkalinity. (6) From the emergence of sword leaf auricles 5cm to the emergence of spikelet: alternating between shallow and moist conditions Once the water level has recovered to 5-7cm, allow it to naturally seep dry until the field surface is moist and there is water in the footwells, then irrigate again. Repeat this process until the ears begin to emerge. (7) Heading stage: shallow water During the heading stage of rice, keep the field surface watered, with a water layer of 5-7 cm; (8) After heading - ripening: alternating between shallow and wet conditions Each time, irrigate 5-7cm of water, allowing it to seep naturally until the field surface is moist and there is water in the footwells before irrigating again. Repeat this water layer management process until the rice ripens to yellow ripeness. Generally, irrigation should be stopped at the end of the waxy ripening stage and drained at the beginning of the yellow ripening stage to ensure irrigation time after the rice heads emerge. For low-lying plots, drainage should be carried out in advance.

2. The water and fertilizer management method for rice cultivation in saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 1, rice seedlings are transplanted to the field using a rice transplanter; the application of fertilizers for greening, tillering, and panicle formation is done by drone.

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