Galvanometer hybrid welding optical system, welding device and welding method

Abstract

The invention discloses a galvanometer composite welding optical system, a welding device and a welding method.The galvanometer composite welding optical system is composed of an optical fiber, a collimating mirror set, an X galvanometer, a Y galvanometer, a spectroscope, a first focus lens set, a reflector, a second focus lens set and the like. A laser beam emitted by a laser can be divided into two laser beams, and the two laser beams are arranged front and back or side by side. According to the laser welding device, to-be-welded surface cleaning and welding before laser welding, to-be-welded position preheating and welding before laser welding, laser welding, welding seam cleaning after welding, fixed-distance synchronous welding and the like can be synchronously carried out, the welding efficiency is improved, the equipment use cost is reduced, and the welding quality is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of laser optical technology, and in particular to a galvanometer composite welding optical system, a welding device and a welding method. Background Art

[0002] Laser welding is an efficient and precise welding method that uses a high-energy-density laser beam as a heat source. Laser welding is one of the important aspects of the application of laser material processing technology. In the 1970s, it was mainly used for welding thin-walled materials and low-speed welding. The welding process is a heat conduction type, that is, the laser radiation heats the surface of the workpiece, and the surface heat diffuses to the inside through heat conduction. By controlling the width, energy, peak power and repetition frequency of the laser pulse, the workpiece is melted to form a specific molten pool. Due to its unique advantages, it has been successfully applied to various types of precision welding.

[0003] In the application process of laser welding technology, the pre- and post-processing processes of laser welding are very important to ensure the welding quality and performance, such as surface treatment and preheating treatment before welding, and weld treatment after welding.

[0004] Surface treatment is to remove impurities such as oil, rust, dust, etc. on the surface of weldment to improve welding quality and strength. Sandpaper, grinding wheel, wire brush and other tools are usually used to treat the welding surface so that the weldment surface reveals metallic luster. However, it may not be suitable for the surface of some complex shapes or precision parts, and new impurities and surface damage may be generated during the grinding process, which greatly reduces welding efficiency and greatly increases the cost of equipment use.

[0005] Preheating treatment is used to process some materials such as thick plates or high carbon steel. Preheating can reduce welding residual stress, reduce the generation of cracks, and effectively improve welding quality. The preheating temperature and time depend on the type and thickness of the material. Usually, electric ring laser or dual light source composite welding is used for welding, and the equipment cost is relatively high.

[0006] Weld treatment is the surface treatment of the weld. Usually the weld is cleaned or polished after welding to improve the appearance quality of the weld joint.

[0007] At present, the functions of ordinary laser welding devices are limited. They can only perform welding operations and cannot simultaneously carry out weld surface treatment, weld seam treatment or preheating during the welding process. For welds that require preheating, they have to rely on expensive special welding equipment to complete it.

[0008] In view of this, we have innovatively designed a galvanometer composite welding optical system, welding device and welding method. This system and device can complete the surface treatment, preheating treatment or weld seam treatment of the weldment in parallel with the welding operation, effectively making up for the shortcoming of the single function of traditional laser welding devices, greatly improving the integration and efficiency of the welding process, and reducing the dependence on high-cost specific welding devices, bringing a more comprehensive and economical solution to the field of welding technology. Summary of the invention

[0009] The present application provides a galvanometer composite welding optical system, a welding device and a welding method to solve the problems existing in the background technology that some complex shapes or precision parts need to be cleaned before laser welding, some workpieces need to be preheated before laser welding, and some workpieces need to clean the welds after laser welding.

[0010] The technical solution to solve the technical problem in this application is as follows:

[0011] According to one aspect of the present application, a galvanometer composite welding optical system is provided, which includes an optical fiber, a collimating lens group, an X galvanometer, a Y galvanometer, a beam splitter, a first focusing lens group, a reflecting mirror, and a second focusing lens group.

[0012] The optical fiber is used to transmit the laser beam emitted by the laser device.

[0013] The collimating lens group is arranged corresponding to the optical fiber and is used for shaping the laser beam transmitted by the optical fiber into a parallel laser beam.

[0014] The X-mirror is arranged corresponding to the collimating lens group, and is used to reflect the parallel laser beam collimated by the collimating lens group and deflect it in the X-axis direction to form a first deflected laser beam.

[0015] The Y galvanometer mirror is arranged corresponding to the X galvanometer mirror, and is used to reflect the first deflected laser beam deflected in the X-axis direction reflected by the X galvanometer mirror and deflect in the Y-axis direction at the same time to form a second deflected laser beam.

[0016] The beam splitter is arranged corresponding to the Y galvanometer mirror and is used to split the second deflected laser beam to form a transmitted beam and a reflected beam.

[0017] The reflector is arranged corresponding to the beam splitter, and is used to reflect the reflected light beam after the beam splitter is used to form a secondary reflected light beam, which has the same direction as the transmitted light beam split by the beam splitter.

[0018] The first focusing lens group is arranged corresponding to the beam splitter, and is used to convert the transmitted light beam split by the beam splitter into a first focusing light beam and form a first focusing point.

[0019] The second focusing mirror group is arranged corresponding to the reflecting mirror, and is used to convert the secondary reflected light beam reflected by the reflecting mirror into a second focusing light beam and form a second focusing point.

[0020] Furthermore, the first focusing lens group and the second focusing lens group are respectively provided with adjustment mechanisms for respectively adjusting the focal points of the transmitted light beam and the reflected light beam passing through the first focusing lens group and the second focusing lens group.

[0021] According to another aspect of the present application, a laser welding device is provided, which includes a shell, in which the galvanometer composite welding optical system described in the above technical group is arranged.

[0022] According to another aspect of the present application, a welding method for the galvanometer composite welding optical system according to the above technical solution is provided, comprising:

[0023] The laser beam emitted by the laser device is transmitted through the optical fiber.

[0024] The laser beam transmitted by the optical fiber is shaped into a parallel laser beam by the collimating lens group.

[0025] The parallel laser beam collimated by the collimating lens group is reflected by the X-galvanometer and deflected in the X-axis direction to form a first deflected laser beam.

[0026] The first deflected laser beam deflected in the X-axis direction reflected by the X-mirror is reflected by the Y-mirror and deflected in the Y-axis direction at the same time, so as to form a second deflected laser beam.

[0027] The second deflected laser beam reflected by the Y galvanometer is split by the beam splitter to form a transmitted beam and a reflected beam.

[0028] The reflected light beam after the beam splitter is reflected by the reflector to form a secondary reflected light beam, and the direction of the secondary reflected light beam is consistent with that of the transmitted light beam after the beam splitter is reflected by the reflector.

[0029] The first focusing lens group converts the transmitted light beam split by the beam splitter into a first focusing light beam and forms a first focusing point.

[0030] The second focusing mirror group converts the secondary reflected light beam reflected by the reflecting mirror into a second focusing light beam and forms a second focusing point.

[0031] Furthermore, the welding method also includes: arranging the second focused beam and the first focused beam in front and behind in the welding direction, cleaning the surface to be welded by the second focused beam, and welding the cleaned surface to be welded by the first focused beam.

[0032] Furthermore, the welding method also includes: arranging the second focused beam and the first focused beam in front and behind in the welding direction, preheating the surface to be welded by the second focused beam, and welding the cleaned surface to be welded by the first focused beam.

[0033] Furthermore, the welding method also includes: arranging the first focused beam and the second focused beam front and back in the welding direction, welding the surface to be welded by the first focused beam to form a weld, and cleaning the weld surface after welding by the second focused beam.

[0034] Furthermore, the welding method further comprises: arranging the first focused beam and the second focused beam in parallel, and synchronously welding two surfaces to be welded at a predetermined distance.

[0035] Furthermore, the distance between the first focusing point and the second focusing point is preferably 40 mm-50 mm, which is suitable for cleaning and welding at the same time.

[0036] Furthermore, the splitting ratio of the beam splitter is 5:5 or 6-9:1-4.

[0037] Compared with the prior art, the present application provides a galvanometer composite welding optical system, welding device and welding method, which have the following beneficial effects:

[0038] (1) The galvanometer composite welding optical system described in the present application can split the laser beam of a laser into two beams by setting various optical elements, and perform various types of laser welding operations synchronously through the two laser beams.

[0039] (2) The welding method described in the present application focuses the reflected light beam to form a second focused light beam which is set in the front for cleaning the surface of the workpiece to be welded, thereby effectively avoiding damage to the workpiece during the grinding and cleaning of precision parts; focuses the transmitted light beam to form a first focused light beam which is set in the rear for welding the cleaned surface to be welded. The two processes of cleaning and welding the surface of the workpiece to be welded can be completed at one time, thereby greatly improving welding efficiency and reducing equipment use costs.

[0040] (3) The welding method described in the present application can simultaneously complete the welding and weld cleaning processes by focusing the reflected light beam to form a second focused light beam which is set at the rear for weld cleaning, and focusing the transmitted light beam to form a first focused light beam which is set at the front for welding. This greatly improves the processing efficiency while ensuring the beauty of the weld.

[0041] (3) The welding method described in the present application can be used for preheating the position of the workpiece to be welded by focusing the reflected light beam to form a second focused light beam and setting it in the front, and can be used for welding the preheated surface to be welded by focusing the transmitted light beam to form a first focused light beam and setting it in the rear, thereby effectively improving the welding quality while improving the welding efficiency.

[0042] (4) The welding method described in the present application can simultaneously weld workpieces at a fixed distance by arranging the first focused beam and the second focused beam in parallel, thereby effectively improving the welding efficiency.

[0043] (5) The present application can adjust the ratio of transmitted light to reflected light beam by replacing different specifications of beam splitters, thereby improving welding quality.

[0044] (6) The present application can control the swing of the laser beam in the X and Y directions through the X galvanometer and the Y galvanometer, so that the focused laser beam can swing in patterns such as 8 and 0 to meet various welding needs.

[0045] (7) The present application can adjust the focus of the first focusing light beam and the second focusing light beam by setting the first focusing lens group and the second focusing lens group adjustment mechanism. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0046] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the galvanometer composite welding optical system described in this application.

[0047] In the figure: 1. optical fiber; 2. collimating lens group; 3. X-galvanometer; 4. Y-galvanometer; 5. beam splitter; 6. reflector; 7. first focusing lens group; 8. second focusing lens group; 9. laser beam; 10. parallel laser beam; 11. first deflected laser beam; 12. second deflected laser beam; 13. transmitted beam; 14. reflected beam; 15. secondary reflected beam; 16. first focusing beam; 17. second focusing beam; 18. first focusing point; 19. second focusing point. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0048] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in the field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present application. Unless otherwise defined, the technical terms or scientific terms used herein should be the usual meanings understood by people with general skills in the field to which the present disclosure belongs. The "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "back" and the like used in the patent application specification and claims of the present disclosure are only used to indicate relative positional relationships. When the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship also changes accordingly; "connection" or "connected" and similar words are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. The places not described in detail in this application are all known technologies of technicians in the field of this technology.

[0049] Embodiment 1:

[0050] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a galvanometer composite welding optical system, including an optical fiber 1, a collimating lens group 2, an X galvanometer 3, a Y galvanometer 4, a beam splitter 5, a reflector 6, a first focusing lens group 7 and a second focusing lens group 8.

[0051] The optical fiber 1 is used to connect to a laser device (such as a laser) to transmit a divergent laser beam 9 generated by the laser device.

[0052] The collimator lens assembly 2 is disposed corresponding to the optical fiber 1 , and is used to shape the laser beam 9 transmitted by the optical fiber 1 , so that the divergent laser beam 9 becomes a parallel laser beam 10 .

[0053] The X-galvanometer 3 is arranged corresponding to the collimator lens group 2, and is used to reflect the parallel laser beam 10 collimated by the collimator lens group 2 and realize the swing in the X-axis direction to form a first swing laser beam 11, and the swing amplitude can be set according to the swing angle of the X-galvanometer 3. The X-galvanometer 3 has a driving mechanism for controlling the X-galvanometer 3 to swing the reflected laser beam in the X direction.

[0054] The Y galvanometer 4 is arranged corresponding to the X galvanometer 3, and is used to reflect the first deflected laser beam reflected by the X galvanometer 3 and deflect in the Y axis direction, forming a second deflected laser beam. The deflection amplitude can be set according to the deflection angle of the Y galvanometer 4. The Y galvanometer 4 has a driving mechanism for controlling the Y galvanometer 4 to swing the laser beam reflected by it in the Y direction. By swinging the transmitted laser beam in the X axis direction and the Y axis direction by the X galvanometer 3 and the Y galvanometer 4, the needs of welding track forms such as 8 and 0 can be achieved.

[0055] The beam splitter 5 is arranged corresponding to the Y galvanometer 4, and is used to split the second deflected laser beam 12 reflected by the Y galvanometer 4 and deflected in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction, and divide the second deflected laser beam 12 into a transmitted beam 13 and a reflected beam 14. Both the transmitted beam 13 and the reflected beam 14 deflect in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction to meet welding needs.

[0056] The reflector 6 is disposed corresponding to the beam splitter 5 , and is used to reflect the reflected light beam 14 after the beam splitter 6 is beam split to form a secondary reflected light beam 15 , and the secondary reflected light beam 15 has the same direction as the transmitted light beam 13 after the beam splitter is beam split.

[0057] The first focusing lens group 7 is arranged corresponding to the beam splitter 5, and is used to convert the transmitted light beam 13 after the beam splitter 5 into a first focusing light beam 16 and form a first focusing point 18, and realize welding, cleaning the welding surface or weld surface, and preheating the welding surface through the first focusing light beam 16 and the first focusing point 18. As a preferred embodiment, the first focusing lens group 7 is provided with an adjustment mechanism for adjusting the focal position of the first focusing lens group 7.

[0058] The second focusing lens group 8 is arranged corresponding to the reflector 6, and is used to convert the secondary reflected light beam 15 reflected by the reflector 6 into a second focusing light beam 17 and form a second focusing point 19, and realize welding, cleaning the welding surface or weld surface, and preheating the welding surface through the second focusing light beam 17 and the second focusing point 19. As a preferred embodiment, the second focusing lens group 8 is provided with an adjustment mechanism for adjusting the focal position of the second focusing lens group 8.

[0059] The application of this galvanometer composite welding optical system can convert one laser beam into two laser beams, and can complete welding and workpiece pre-welding cleaning, preheating, post-welding cleaning and other processes at one time, greatly improving welding efficiency and welding quality and reducing equipment use costs.

[0060] Embodiment 2:

[0061] This embodiment provides a laser welding device, which includes a shell, and the galvanometer composite welding optical system in Example 1 is arranged in the shell.

[0062] Embodiment 3:

[0063] This embodiment provides a welding method based on the galvanometer composite welding optical system in Embodiment 1, the method comprising:

[0064] A divergent laser beam 9 generated by a laser device (eg, a laser) is transmitted through an optical fiber 1 .

[0065] The divergent laser beam 9 transmitted by the optical fiber 1 is shaped by the collimating lens group 2 so that the laser beam 9 becomes a parallel laser beam 10 .

[0066] The parallel laser beam 10 collimated by the collimating lens group 2 is reflected by the X-galvanometer 3 and deflected in the X-axis direction to form a first deflected laser beam 11 .

[0067] The first deflected laser beam 11 deflected in the X-axis direction reflected by the X-mirror 3 is reflected by the Y-mirror 4 and deflected in the Y-axis direction at the same time, thereby forming a second deflected laser beam 12 .

[0068] By swinging the laser beam in the X and Y directions through the X galvanometer 3 and the Y galvanometer 4, the needs of pattern welding forms such as 8 and 0 can be realized, meeting the welding requirements of various workpieces.

[0069] The second deflected laser beam 12 reflected by the Y galvanometer 4 and deflected in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction is split by the beam splitter 5, and the second deflected laser beam 12 is divided into a transmitted beam 13 and a reflected beam 14. Both the transmitted beam 13 and the reflected beam 14 are deflected in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction to meet welding needs.

[0070] The reflected light beam 14 after being split by the beam splitter 5 is reflected by the reflector 6, so that the reflected light beam 14 after being split is converted into a secondary reflected light beam 15 with the same direction as the transmitted light beam 13 reflected by the Y galvanometer 4, thereby forming two laser beams that can be used synchronously.

[0071] The transmitted light beam 13 split by the beam splitter 5 is converted into a first focused light beam 16 by the first focusing lens group 7 and forms a first focusing point 18 .

[0072] The secondary reflected light beam 15 reflected by the reflector 6 is converted into a second focused light beam 17 by the second focusing lens group 8 and forms a second focusing point 19 .

[0073] Through the first focused beam 16 and the first focusing point 18 and the second focused beam 17 and the second focusing point 19, operations such as welding, cleaning before welding, preheating, and cleaning after welding can be performed.

[0074] As a preferred embodiment, the method also includes: arranging the second focused beam 17 and the first focused beam 16 front and back in the welding direction, cleaning the surface to be welded by the second focused beam 17, and welding the cleaned surface to be welded by the first focused beam 16, so that the two processes of welding surface cleaning and welding can be completed at the same time, which greatly improves the processing efficiency and avoids damage to the workpiece due to grinding.

[0075] As a preferred embodiment, the method also includes: arranging the second focused beam 17 and the first focused beam 16 in front and behind in the welding direction, preheating the surface to be welded by the second focused beam 17, and welding the cleaned surface to be welded by the first focused beam 16, completing the two processes of workpiece preheating and welding at one time, thereby improving welding efficiency and welding quality.

[0076] As a preferred embodiment, the method also includes: arranging the first focused beam 16 and the second focused beam 17 front and back in the welding direction, welding the surface to be welded by the first focused beam 16 to form a weld, and cleaning the weld surface after welding by the second focused beam 17, completing the two processes of welding and weld cleaning at one time, thereby improving welding efficiency and ensuring the beauty of the weld.

[0077] As a preferred embodiment, the method further includes: arranging the first focused beam 16 and the second focused beam 17 in parallel, and synchronously welding two surfaces to be welded at a predetermined distance, so as to improve welding efficiency.

[0078] As a preferred embodiment, when one of the first focused beam 16 and the second focused beam 17 is used for welding and the other is used for cleaning and preheating, the distance between the first focused point 18 formed by the first focused beam 16 and the second focused point 19 formed by the second focused beam 17 is preferably 40 mm to 50 mm. When the two focused points are used for synchronous welding, the distance between the two focused points is set according to the welding requirements of the welding workpieces. The distance can be set when the welding optical system is designed, and the position of the corresponding optical elements can also be adjusted by setting a corresponding adjustment mechanism to obtain two laser beams with a desired distance.

[0079] As a preferred embodiment, the ratio of the transmitted light beam 13 and the reflected light beam 14 can be adjusted by replacing the beam splitters 5 of different specifications to meet the welding requirements. For example, when the first focused light beam 16 and the second focused light beam 17 are used for welding in parallel, the beam splitting ratio of the beam splitter is preferably 5:5; when one beam is used for welding and the other is used for cleaning, the beam splitter is selected according to the ratio of the transmitted light beam and the reflected light beam required for welding and cleaning, and a beam splitter with a beam splitting ratio of 7-9:1-3 is preferred, such as: 7:3, 8:2, 9:1, etc.

Claims

1. A galvanometer composite welding optical system, characterized in that: include: An optical fiber (1) for transmitting a laser beam (9) emitted by a laser device; A collimator lens group (2) arranged corresponding to the optical fiber (1), used for shaping the laser beam (9) transmitted by the optical fiber (1) into a parallel laser beam (10); An X-galvanometer mirror (3) arranged corresponding to the collimating lens group (2) is used to reflect the parallel laser beam (10) collimated by the collimating lens group (2) and deflect it in the X-axis direction to form a first deflected laser beam (11); A Y oscillator mirror (4) arranged corresponding to the X oscillator mirror (3) is used to reflect the first deflected laser beam (11) deflected in the X-axis direction reflected by the X oscillator mirror (3) and to deflect in the Y-axis direction at the same time, thereby forming a second deflected laser beam (12); A beam splitter (5) arranged corresponding to the Y galvanometer (4) is used to split the second deflected laser beam (12) to form a transmission beam (13) and a reflection beam (14); A reflector (6) arranged corresponding to the beam splitter (5) is used to reflect the reflected light beam (14) after the beam splitter (5) splits the light to form a secondary reflected light beam (15), which has the same direction as the transmitted light beam (13) after the beam splitter (5); a first focusing lens group (7) arranged corresponding to the beam splitter (5), used for converting the transmitted light beam (13) after the beam splitter (5) into a first focusing light beam (16) and forming a first focusing point (18); A second focusing lens group (8) arranged corresponding to the reflecting mirror (6) is used to convert the secondary reflected light beam (15) reflected by the reflecting mirror (6) into a second focusing light beam (17) and form a second focusing point (19).

2. The galvanometer composite welding optical system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first focusing lens group (7) and the second focusing lens group (8) are respectively provided with adjustment mechanisms for respectively adjusting the focal points of the transmitted light beam (13) and the reflected light beam (14) passing through the first focusing lens group (7) and the second focusing lens group (8).

3. A laser welding device, characterized in that: It comprises a shell, in which the galvanometer composite welding optical system according to claim 1 or 2 is arranged.

4. A welding method based on the galvanometer composite welding optical system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: include: Transmitting a laser beam (9) emitted by a laser device through the optical fiber (1); The laser beam (9) transmitted by the optical fiber (1) is shaped into a parallel laser beam (10) by the collimating lens group (2); The parallel laser beam (10) collimated by the collimating lens group (2) is reflected by the X-galvanometer (3) and deflected in the X-axis direction to form a first deflected laser beam (11); The first deflected laser beam (11) deflected in the X-axis direction and reflected by the X-mirror (3) is reflected by the Y-mirror (4) and deflected in the Y-axis direction at the same time, thereby forming a second deflected laser beam (12); The second deflection laser beam (12) reflected by the Y galvanometer (4) is split by the beam splitter (5) to form a transmission beam (13) and a reflection beam (14); The reflected light beam (14) after being split by the beam splitter (5) is reflected by the reflecting mirror (6) to form a secondary reflected light beam (15), and the secondary reflected light beam (15) has the same direction as the transmitted light beam (13) after being split by the beam splitter (5); The transmitted light beam (13) after being split by the beam splitter (5) is converted into a first focused light beam (16) through the first focusing lens group (7) to form a first focusing point (18); The second focusing lens group (8) converts the secondary reflected light beam (15) reflected by the reflector (6) into a second focusing light beam (17) and forms a second focusing point (19).

5. The welding method of the galvanometer composite welding optical system according to claim 4, characterized in that: Also includes: The second focused light beam (17) and the first focused light beam (16) are arranged front and back in the welding direction, the surface to be welded is cleaned by the second focused light beam (17), and the cleaned surface to be welded is welded by the first focused light beam (16).

6. The welding method of the galvanometer composite welding optical system according to claim 4, characterized in that: Also includes: The second focused light beam (17) and the first focused light beam (16) are arranged one behind the other in the welding direction, the second focused light beam (17) is used to preheat the surface to be welded, and the first focused light beam (16) is used to weld the cleaned surface to be welded.

7. The welding method of the galvanometer composite welding optical system according to claim 4, characterized in that: Also includes: The first focused light beam (16) and the second focused light beam (17) are arranged front and back in the welding direction, the first focused light beam (16) is used to weld the surface to be welded and form a weld, and the second focused light beam (17) is used to clean the weld surface after welding.

8. A welding method for a galvanometer composite welding optical system according to any one of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that: The distance between the first focusing point (18) and the second focusing point (19) is 40 mm-50 mm.

9. The welding method of the galvanometer composite welding optical system according to claim 4, characterized in that: Also includes: The first focused light beam (16) and the second focused light beam (17) are arranged in parallel, and two surfaces to be welded at a predetermined distance are welded synchronously.

10. The welding method of the galvanometer composite welding optical system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The beam splitting ratio of the beam splitter (5) is 5:5 or 6-9:1-4.

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