Hydraulic sandblasting nozzles and hydraulic sandblasting perforators

Abstract

The present invention relates to a hydraulic sandblasting nozzle and a hydraulic sandblasting perforator. The hydraulic sandblasting nozzle includes a nozzle pressure cap, an extension piston, and a nozzle body with a spray hole. The extension piston is restrained within the nozzle pressure cap. A primary elastic structure is connected between the extension piston and the nozzle pressure cap. The primary elastic structure has a first initial elastic force that keeps the extension piston in a left limit position. Under the action of the internal pressure of the hydraulic sandblasting perforator, the extension piston can overcome the first initial elastic force and move rightward. The nozzle body is restrained within the extension piston. A secondary elastic structure is connected between the extension piston and the nozzle body. The secondary elastic structure has a second initial elastic force that keeps the nozzle body in a left limit position relative to the extension piston. When the extension piston moves rightward to the right limit position and the internal pressure of the hydraulic sandblasting perforator continues to increase, the nozzle body can overcome the second initial elastic force and move rightward relative to the extension piston. The present invention can adjust the spray distance as needed, thereby improving spraying efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of well completion tools, and in particular relates to a hydraulic sandblasting nozzle and a hydraulic sandblasting perforator. Background Art

[0002] During oil and gas field development, well completion is a key step in ensuring the effective extraction of oil and gas resources. Hydraulic sandblasting perforators, a commonly used completion tool, have a direct impact on the production and economic benefits of oil and gas wells. Reservoir hydraulic jetting uses a high-pressure abrasive jet to create fracture channels in the reservoir rock. This technology overcomes the technical limitations of traditional hydraulic fracturing in low-permeability reservoirs. The fracture network created by the jetting process can increase reservoir permeability and overall production.

[0003] The hydraulic sandblasting perforation process is a key element in the hydraulic fracturing process, and the jet performance of the nozzle plays a vital role in the hydraulic sandblasting perforation process, which will directly affect the rock breaking depth and volume of the hydraulic sandblasting perforation process; at the same time, the efficiency of hydraulic sandblasting perforation is also affected by the nozzle; these two points make the nozzle an important component of the hydraulic sandblasting perforator.

[0004] However, hydraulic sandblasting perforating still faces the problem of low perforating efficiency due to excessive spray distance in field applications. When lowering the perforator, a certain gap must be left between the perforator and the casing to ensure smooth lowering and prevent it from getting stuck. During hydraulic sandblasting perforating operations, the return of sand-carrying fluid reduces the jet velocity of the nozzle. The larger the gap between the perforator and the casing, the greater the reduction in velocity. This reduced jet velocity leads to low perforating efficiency. Therefore, reducing the spray distance is a key factor in improving jet efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address all or part of the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides a hydraulic sandblasting nozzle and a hydraulic sandblasting perforator. The extension distance of the nozzle body of the hydraulic sandblasting nozzle of the present invention can be adjusted by the internal pressure of the sandblasting perforator, thereby controlling the spraying distance according to the internal pressure of the sandblasting perforator.

[0006] According to one aspect of the present invention, a hydraulic sandblasting nozzle is provided, comprising a nozzle cap for fixedly and sealingly connecting to a hydraulic sandblasting perforator, an extension piston being sealably disposed within the nozzle cap, the extension piston being restrained within the nozzle cap, a primary elastic structure being connected between the extension piston and the nozzle cap, the primary elastic structure having a first initial elastic force that causes the extension piston to be in a left extreme position, so that the extension piston can overcome the first initial elastic force and move rightward under the action of internal pressure of the hydraulic sandblasting perforator;

[0007] A nozzle body is sealed in the extending piston and is limited in position in the extending piston. A secondary elastic structure is connected between the extending piston and the nozzle body. The secondary elastic structure has a second initial elastic force that causes the nozzle body to be in a left limit position relative to the extending piston. When the extending piston moves rightward to the right limit position and the internal pressure of the hydraulic sandblasting perforator continues to increase, the nozzle body can overcome the second initial elastic force and move rightward relative to the extending piston; a spray hole is opened in the middle of the nozzle body.

[0008] Furthermore, an external thread is provided on the outer wall of the nozzle pressure cap, and the nozzle pressure cap is fixedly connected to the hydraulic sandblasting perforator through the external thread. An O-ring groove is provided on the outer wall of the nozzle pressure cap, and the nozzle pressure cap is sealed to the hydraulic sandblasting perforator through a first sealing ring provided in the O-ring groove.

[0009] Furthermore, a first mating ring is fixedly connected to the outer side wall of the left end of the extended piston, the first mating ring is located in the center hole of the nozzle pressure cap, and a first limiting step and a first limiting structure are provided in the center hole of the nozzle pressure cap. The first mating ring is limited between the first limiting step and the first limiting structure, and the primary elastic structure is provided between the first limiting step and the first mating ring. The primary elastic structure is configured to enable the first mating ring to contact the first limiting structure when the internal pressure of the hydraulic sandblasting perforator is zero.

[0010] Furthermore, a second limiting step is provided in the center hole of the nozzle pressure cap, the second limiting step is located between the first limiting step and the first limiting structure, and the first mating ring is limited between the second limiting step and the first limiting structure; the first limiting structure is a retaining spring fixed in the center hole of the nozzle pressure cap.

[0011] Furthermore, the first matching ring is sealed and connected to the center hole of the nozzle pressure cap, and the right end of the extended piston is sealed and connected to the center hole of the nozzle pressure cap.

[0012] Furthermore, an O-ring groove is provided on the outer side wall of the first mating ring, and the first mating ring is sealedly connected to the center hole of the nozzle pressure cap through a second sealing ring provided in the O-ring groove; an O-ring groove is provided in the center hole of the nozzle pressure cap corresponding to the right end of the extending piston, and the right end of the extending piston is sealedly connected to the center hole of the nozzle pressure cap through a third sealing ring provided in the O-ring groove.

[0013] Furthermore, a second mating ring is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the left end of the nozzle body, the second mating ring is located in the center hole of the extending piston, the left end of the extending piston is fixedly connected to a second limiting structure, and the right end of the extending piston is fixedly connected to a retaining ring, the second mating ring is limited between the second limiting structure and the retaining ring, and the secondary elastic structure is arranged between the retaining ring and the second mating ring.

[0014] Furthermore, the second matching ring is sealedly connected to the center hole of the extended piston, and the right end of the nozzle body is sealedly connected to the retaining ring.

[0015] Furthermore, an O-ring groove is provided on the outer side wall of the second mating ring, and the second mating ring is sealed and connected to the center hole of the extending piston through a fourth sealing ring provided in the O-ring groove; an O-ring groove is provided on the inner side wall of the retaining ring, and the right end of the nozzle body is sealed and connected to the retaining ring through a fifth sealing ring provided in the O-ring groove; the second limiting structure is a retaining spring fixed in the center hole of the extending piston.

[0016] Furthermore, the primary elastic structure is a spring, and the secondary elastic structure is a wave spring.

[0017] An embodiment of the present invention further provides a hydraulic sandblasting perforator, which is provided with any one of the hydraulic sandblasting nozzles described above.

[0018] It can be seen from the above technical solution that the hydraulic sandblasting nozzle and hydraulic sandblasting perforator provided by the present invention have the following beneficial effects:

[0019] The hydraulic sandblasting nozzle of the present invention has a nozzle body extending out of the nozzle cap by a distance regulated by the internal pressure of the sandblasting perforator, which is more advanced and innovative. The spraying distance can be adjusted as needed, thereby improving the spraying efficiency.

[0020] The nozzle of the present invention is provided with a two-stage extension structure. According to the different internal pressures of the sandblasting perforator, the extension distance of the nozzle body can be controlled to achieve the purpose of controlling the spraying distance, providing a strong guarantee for the sandblasting perforation operation effect.

[0021] The nozzle of the present invention is provided with a primary elastic structure and a secondary elastic structure, which can ensure the automatic recovery of the nozzle body and the extended piston, thereby effectively avoiding the situation of getting stuck due to the inability to recover the nozzle body. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of a hydraulic sandblasting nozzle according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the nozzle body in a first-stage fully extended state;

[0024] Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of the nozzle body in a secondary extended state;

[0025] The accompanying drawings are marked as follows: first limiting structure 1, second sealing ring 2, primary elastic structure 3, extending piston 4, first matching ring 41, retaining ring 42, nozzle pressure cap 5, first limiting step 51, second limiting step 52, third sealing ring 6, fifth sealing ring 7, nozzle body 8, second matching ring 81, injection hole 83, secondary elastic structure 9, fourth sealing ring 10, second limiting structure 11. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] In order to better understand the purpose, structure and function of the present invention, the hydraulic sandblasting nozzle and the hydraulic sandblasting perforator of the present invention are further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0027] like Figure 1 , which shows a hydraulic sandblasting nozzle according to an embodiment of the present invention, including a nozzle pressing cap 5 for fixedly sealingly connecting to a hydraulic sandblasting perforator, a nozzle pressing cap 5 sealingly disposed within the nozzle pressing cap 5 with an extension piston 4 confined within the nozzle pressing cap 5, a primary elastic structure 3 connected between the extension piston 4 and the nozzle pressing cap 5, the primary elastic structure 3 having a first initial elastic force that places the extension piston 4 in a left limit position, and the extension piston 4 can overcome the first initial elastic force to move rightward under the action of the internal pressure of the hydraulic sandblasting perforator; a nozzle body 8 sealingly disposed within the extension piston 4 with the nozzle body 8 confined within the extension piston 4, a secondary elastic structure 9 connected between the extension piston 4 and the nozzle body 8, the secondary elastic structure 9 having a second initial elastic force that places the nozzle body 8 in a left limit position relative to the extension piston 4, and when the extension piston 4 moves rightward to the right limit position and the internal pressure of the hydraulic sandblasting perforator continues to increase, the nozzle body 8 can overcome the second initial elastic force to move rightward relative to the extension piston 4; a spray hole 83 is formed in the middle of the nozzle body 8.

[0028] The hydraulic sandblasting nozzle of an embodiment of the present invention includes a nozzle pressing cap 5, an extending piston 4 and a nozzle body 8. The nozzle pressing cap 5 is used to be fixedly and sealedly connected to the hydraulic sandblasting perforator. The extending piston 4 is sealed inside the nozzle pressing cap 5. The primary elastic structure 3 is arranged between the nozzle pressing cap 5 and the extending piston 4. The primary elastic structure 3 has a first initial elastic force, which causes the extending piston 4 to be in a left extreme position relative to the nozzle pressing cap 5; the secondary elastic structure 9 is arranged between the extending piston 4 and the nozzle body 8. The secondary elastic structure 9 has a second initial elastic force, which causes the nozzle body 8 to be in a left extreme position relative to the extending piston 4; therefore, when the internal pressure of the hydraulic sandblasting perforator is zero, the extending piston 4 is in the left extreme position relative to the nozzle pressing cap 5, and the nozzle body 8 is in the left extreme position relative to the extending piston 4, that is, at this time the length of the hydraulic sandblasting nozzle is the shortest.

[0029] When the hydraulic sandblasting perforator starts working, the internal pressure of the perforator rises. During the process of internal pressure rising, the extending piston 4 first overcomes the first initial elastic force and moves rightward under the action of the internal pressure of the hydraulic sandblasting perforator. When the extending piston 4 moves rightward to the right limit position and the internal pressure of the hydraulic sandblasting perforator continues to increase, the nozzle body 8 begins to overcome the second initial elastic force and move rightward relative to the extending piston 4. That is, the embodiment of the present invention has a first movement stage in which the extending piston 4 drives the nozzle body 8 to move, and a second movement stage in which the nozzle body 8 moves relative to the extending piston 4.

[0030] For the first movement stage, during the process of internal pressure rising, the internal pressure acts on the end surface of the left end of the extending piston 4. When the internal pressure is greater than the first initial elastic force, the extending piston 4 begins to overcome the first initial elastic force and slowly moves to the right. The movement of the extending piston 4 drives the nozzle body 8 to move. When the extending piston 4 moves to the limit position, the extending piston 4 stops moving. At this time, the extending piston 4 drives the nozzle body 8 to extend to the first distance outside the nozzle pressure cap 5. The nozzle body 8 is in the first level fully extended state, as shown in FIG. Figure 2 shown.

[0031] If the pressure is released at this time, the extending piston 4 will return to its initial state under the elastic force of the primary elastic structure 3 , that is, the extending piston 4 is in the left limit position relative to the nozzle pressing cap 5 .

[0032] If the internal pressure of the sandblasting perforator continues to rise at this time, then when the internal pressure is greater than the second initial elastic force, the internal pressure acts on the left end face of the nozzle body 8, and the nozzle body 8 begins to overcome the second initial elastic force and move relative to the extending piston 4, that is, enters the second movement stage of the movement of the nozzle body 8 relative to the extending piston 4. In this movement stage, the nozzle body 8 overcomes the second initial elastic force and moves to the right relative to the extending piston 4. In this process, the distance from the nozzle body 8 to the outside of the nozzle pressure cap 5 gradually increases on the basis of the first distance. At this time, the nozzle body 8 is in the secondary extension state, such as Figure 3 shown.

[0033] The first and second movement stages are explained again as follows: when the extended piston 4 starts to move rightward, the internal pressure of the hydraulic sandblasting perforator is greater than the first initial elastic force; when the extended piston 4 moves rightward to the right limit position, the internal pressure of the hydraulic sandblasting perforator is less than or equal to the second initial elastic force; when the nozzle body 8 starts to move rightward relative to the extended piston 4, the internal pressure of the hydraulic sandblasting perforator is greater than the second initial elastic force.

[0034] In a specific implementation, for example, the primary elastic structure 3 is a spring, and the secondary elastic structure 9 is a wave spring. The first initial elastic force of the spring is smaller than the second initial elastic force of the wave spring.

[0035] Regarding the hydraulic sandblasting nozzle of the embodiment of the present invention, the distance that the nozzle body 8 extends outside the nozzle pressure cap 5 is regulated by the internal pressure of the sandblasting perforator. Therefore, it is more advanced and innovative, and the spraying distance can be adjusted as needed to improve the spraying efficiency.

[0036] The nozzle of the embodiment of the present invention is provided with a two-stage extension structure (extension piston 4 and nozzle body 8). According to the different internal pressures of the sandblasting perforator, the extension distance of the nozzle body 8 can be controlled to achieve the purpose of controlling the injection distance, providing a strong guarantee for the sandblasting operation effect.

[0037] The nozzle of the embodiment of the present invention is provided with a primary elastic structure 3 and a secondary elastic structure 9, which can ensure the automatic recovery of the nozzle body 8 and the extended piston 4, thereby effectively avoiding the jamming situation caused by the inability to recover the nozzle body 8; wherein, when the sandblasting operation is completed and the internal pressure of the sandblasting perforator is no longer applied, the extended piston 4 is reset to the initial position under the elastic force of the primary elastic structure 3, and the nozzle body 8 is reset to the initial position under the elastic force of the secondary elastic structure 9.

[0038] In one embodiment, an external thread is provided on the outer wall of the nozzle pressing cap 5, and the nozzle pressing cap 5 is fixedly connected to the hydraulic sandblasting perforator through the external thread. An O-ring groove is provided on the outer wall of the nozzle pressing cap 5, and the nozzle pressing cap 5 is sealed to the hydraulic sandblasting perforator through a first sealing ring provided in the O-ring groove.

[0039] In this embodiment, the fixed connection between the nozzle cap 5 and the hydraulic sandblasting perforator is a threaded connection, and the sealing connection between the nozzle cap 5 and the hydraulic sandblasting perforator is achieved by a first sealing ring. The arrangement of this embodiment can facilitate the installation of the nozzle cap 5 on the hydraulic sandblasting perforator.

[0040] In one embodiment, a first mating ring 41 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the left end of the extended piston 4, the first mating ring 41 is located in the center hole of the nozzle pressure cap 5, and a first limiting step 51 and a first limiting structure 1 are provided in the center hole of the nozzle pressure cap 5. The first mating ring 41 is limited between the first limiting step 51 and the first limiting structure 1, and the primary elastic structure 3 is provided between the first limiting step 51 and the first mating ring 41.

[0041] In this embodiment, a first limiting step 51 and a first limiting structure 1 are provided in the center hole of the nozzle pressure cap 5, wherein the first limiting structure 1 is fixed to the inner wall of the center hole of the nozzle pressure cap 5, and the first limiting step 51 is provided on the inner wall of the center hole of the nozzle pressure cap 5. The inner diameters of the first limiting step 51 and the first limiting structure 1 are both smaller than the outer diameter of the first mating ring 41, so the first mating ring 41 is limited between the first limiting step 51 and the first limiting structure 1.

[0042] When the internal pressure of the hydraulic sandblasting perforator is zero, the primary elastic structure 3 causes the extended piston 4 to be in the left extreme position, that is, the first matching ring 41 is in contact with the first limiting structure 1. As the internal pressure of the hydraulic sandblasting perforator gradually increases, after the internal pressure of the hydraulic sandblasting perforator increases to be greater than the first initial elastic force, the first matching ring 41 begins to move rightward. When the first matching ring 41 moves rightward to the right extreme position, the internal pressure of the hydraulic sandblasting perforator begins to be greater than the second initial elastic force. At this time, the nozzle body 8 begins to offset the internal pressure of the hydraulic sandblasting perforator. At this time, the first elastic structure is between the first matching ring 41 and the first limiting step 51.

[0043] In this embodiment, the first limiting structure 1 is a retaining spring fixed in the center hole of the nozzle pressing cap 5 .

[0044] In one embodiment, a second limiting step 52 is further provided in the center hole of the nozzle pressure cap 5. The second limiting step 52 is located between the first limiting step 51 and the first limiting structure 1, and the first mating ring 41 is limited between the second limiting step 52 and the first limiting structure 1.

[0045] In this embodiment, the first mating ring 41 is limited between the second limiting step 52 and the first limiting structure 1, and the first elastic structure is still limited between the first limiting step 51 and the first mating ring 41. Therefore, the right limit position of the first mating ring 41 moving to the right is the contact position between the first mating ring 41 and the second limiting step 52. Figure 2As shown; when the first matching ring 41 contacts the second limiting step 52, the first elastic structure no longer offsets the internal pressure of the hydraulic sandblasting perforator. When the internal pressure of the hydraulic sandblasting perforator continues to increase to be greater than the second initial elastic force, the nozzle body 8 begins to move rightward relative to the extending piston 4. During this process, the second initial elastic force is greater than the internal pressure of the hydraulic sandblasting perforator that causes the first matching ring 41 to move rightward to the right limit position, and the internal pressure of the hydraulic sandblasting perforator that causes the first matching ring 41 to move rightward is greater than the first initial elastic force.

[0046] For this embodiment, the left end face of the spring cooperates with the side wall of the first cooperation ring 41, and the right end face of the spring cooperates with the end face at the first limiting step 51, for example, Figure 1 As shown, the left end face of the spring is a plane that cooperates with the side wall of the first mating ring 41, and the right end face of the spring is a plane that cooperates with the end face at the first limiting step 51. The setting here can reduce the impact between the spring and the first mating ring 41, and the spring and the first limiting step 51.

[0047] In one embodiment, the first mating ring 41 is sealed with the center hole of the nozzle pressing cap 5, and the right end of the extended piston 4 is sealed with the center hole of the nozzle pressing cap 5. Figure 1 shown.

[0048] Among them, an O-ring groove is provided on the outer side wall of the first mating ring 41, and the first mating ring 41 is sealed with the center hole of the nozzle pressure cap 5 through the second sealing ring 2 provided in the O-ring groove; an O-ring groove is provided in the center hole of the nozzle pressure cap 5 corresponding to the right end of the extended piston 4, and the right end of the extended piston 4 is sealed with the center hole of the nozzle pressure cap 5 through the third sealing ring 6 provided in the O-ring groove.

[0049] In one embodiment, a second mating ring 81 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the left end of the nozzle body 8, and the second mating ring 81 is located in the center hole of the extending piston 4. The left end of the extending piston 4 is fixedly connected to the second limiting structure 11, and the right end of the extending piston 4 is fixedly connected to the retaining ring 42. The second mating ring 81 is limited between the second limiting structure 11 and the retaining ring 42, and the secondary elastic structure 9 is arranged between the retaining ring 42 and the second mating ring 81.

[0050] In this embodiment, a retaining ring 42 and a second limiting structure 11 are provided in the center hole of the extending piston 4, wherein the second limiting structure 11 is fixed at the left end of the center hole of the extending piston 4, and the retaining ring 42 is provided at the right end of the inner wall of the center hole of the extending piston 4. The inner diameters of the retaining ring 42 and the second limiting structure 11 are both smaller than the outer diameter of the second mating ring 81, so the second mating ring 81 is limited between the two by the retaining ring 42 and the second limiting structure 11.

[0051] After the internal pressure of the hydraulic sandblasting perforator is greater than the second initial elastic force, the internal pressure pushes the nozzle body 8 to overcome the second initial elastic force and move rightward relative to the extending piston 4. The right limit position of the nozzle body 8 moving rightward relative to the extending piston 4 is the contact position between the second mating ring 81 and the retaining ring 42.

[0052] In a specific implementation, the second limiting structure 11 is a retaining spring fixed in the center hole of the extended piston 4 .

[0053] In one embodiment, the second mating ring 81 is sealed to the center hole of the extended piston 4 , and the right end of the nozzle body 8 is sealed to the retaining ring 42 .

[0054] Among them, an O-ring groove is provided on the outer side wall of the second mating ring 81, and the second mating ring 81 is sealed and connected to the center hole of the extended piston 4 through the fourth sealing ring 10 provided in the O-ring groove; the inner side wall of the retaining ring 42 is provided with an O-ring groove, and the right end of the nozzle body 8 is sealed and connected to the retaining ring 42 through the fifth sealing ring 7 provided in the O-ring groove.

[0055] An embodiment of the present invention further provides a hydraulic sandblasting perforator, which is provided with any one of the hydraulic sandblasting nozzles described above.

[0056] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the technical or scientific terms used in this application should have the common meanings understood by those skilled in the art to which the present invention belongs.

[0057] In addition, the terms "one", "two", etc. are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the technical features indicated. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "multiple" is more than two, unless otherwise clearly and specifically limited.

[0058] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, terms such as "mounted," "connected," "connect," and "fixed" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they may refer to fixed or detachable connections, or integration; mechanical or electrical connections; direct or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; and internal communication between two components or interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in this application based on specific circumstances.

[0059] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some or all of the technical features therein. These modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and they should all be included in the scope of the claims and description of the present invention. In particular, as long as there is no structural conflict, the various technical features mentioned in the various embodiments can be combined in any way. The present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed herein, but includes all technical solutions that fall within the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A hydraulic sandblasting nozzle, characterized in that: A nozzle pressing cap is provided for fixedly sealingly connecting with the hydraulic sandblasting perforator, an extending piston is provided in a sealing manner inside the nozzle pressing cap, the extending piston is restrained in the nozzle pressing cap, a primary elastic structure is connected between the extending piston and the nozzle pressing cap, the primary elastic structure has a first initial elastic force which places the extending piston in a left limit position, and the extending piston can overcome the first initial elastic force and move rightward under the action of the internal pressure of the hydraulic sandblasting perforator; A nozzle body is sealed in the extending piston and is limited in position in the extending piston. A secondary elastic structure is connected between the extending piston and the nozzle body. The secondary elastic structure has a second initial elastic force that causes the nozzle body to be in a left limit position relative to the extending piston. When the extending piston moves rightward to the right limit position and the internal pressure of the hydraulic sandblasting perforator continues to increase, the nozzle body can overcome the second initial elastic force and move rightward relative to the extending piston; a spray hole is opened in the middle of the nozzle body.

2. The hydraulic sandblasting nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that: An external thread is provided on the outer wall of the nozzle pressure cap, and the nozzle pressure cap is fixedly connected to the hydraulic sandblasting perforator through the external thread. An O-ring groove is provided on the outer wall of the nozzle pressure cap, and the nozzle pressure cap is sealed with the hydraulic sandblasting perforator through a first sealing ring provided in the O-ring groove.

3. The hydraulic sandblasting nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that A first mating ring is fixedly connected to the outer side wall of the left end of the extended piston, and the first mating ring is located in the central hole of the nozzle pressure cap. A first limiting step and a first limiting structure are provided in the central hole of the nozzle pressure cap. The first mating ring is limited between the first limiting step and the first limiting structure. The primary elastic structure is provided between the first limiting step and the first mating ring. The primary elastic structure is configured to enable the first mating ring to contact the first limiting structure when the internal pressure of the hydraulic sandblasting perforator is zero.

4. The hydraulic sandblasting nozzle according to claim 3, characterized in that: A second limiting step is also provided in the center hole of the nozzle pressure cap, and the second limiting step is located between the first limiting step and the first limiting structure, and the first mating ring is limited between the second limiting step and the first limiting structure; the first limiting structure is a retaining spring fixed in the center hole of the nozzle pressure cap.

5. The hydraulic sandblasting nozzle according to claim 3, characterized in that: The first matching ring is sealed and connected to the center hole of the nozzle pressing cap, and the right end of the extended piston is sealed and connected to the center hole of the nozzle pressing cap.

6. The hydraulic sandblasting nozzle according to claim 5, characterized in that: An O-ring groove is provided on the outer side wall of the first mating ring, and the first mating ring is sealedly connected to the center hole of the nozzle pressure cap through a second sealing ring provided in the O-ring groove; an O-ring groove is provided in the center hole of the nozzle pressure cap corresponding to the right end of the extending piston, and the right end of the extending piston is sealedly connected to the center hole of the nozzle pressure cap through a third sealing ring provided in the O-ring groove.

7. The hydraulic sandblasting nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that: A second mating ring is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the left end of the nozzle body, and the second mating ring is located in the center hole of the extending piston. A second limiting structure is fixedly connected to the left end of the extending piston, and a retaining ring is fixedly connected to the right end of the extending piston. The second mating ring is limited between the second limiting structure and the retaining ring, and the secondary elastic structure is arranged between the retaining ring and the second mating ring.

8. The hydraulic sandblasting nozzle according to claim 7, characterized in that: The second matching ring is sealed to the center hole of the extended piston, and the right end of the nozzle body is sealed to the retaining ring.

9. The hydraulic sandblasting nozzle according to claim 8, characterized in that: An O-ring groove is provided on the outer side wall of the second mating ring, and the second mating ring is sealed with the center hole of the extending piston through a fourth sealing ring provided in the O-ring groove; an O-ring groove is provided on the inner side wall of the retaining ring, and the right end of the nozzle body is sealed with the retaining ring through a fifth sealing ring provided in the O-ring groove; the second limiting structure is a retaining spring fixed in the center hole of the extending piston.

10. The hydraulic sandblasting nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that The primary elastic structure is a spring, and the secondary elastic structure is a wave spring.

11. A hydraulic sandblasting perforator, characterized in that: A hydraulic sandblasting nozzle according to any one of claims 1 to 10 is provided.

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