Experimental device and method for simulating the ecological impact of spontaneous combustion of gangue on the ground surface

Abstract

The application provides an experimental device and experimental method for simulating the ecological influence of spontaneous combustion heat release of gangue on the ground surface, and the experimental device comprises a gangue simulation assembly, a soil simulation assembly and an ecological simulation assembly; the gangue simulation assembly comprises a gangue layer, a heat preservation and conduction layer, a gangue bin and a gas flow pipe; the soil simulation assembly comprises a soil bin, a soil layer and experimental vegetation; the experimental vegetation is planted on the soil layer; the ecological simulation assembly simulates the influence of external atmosphere on the actual ground surface and the vegetation on the actual ground surface by adjusting at least one factor of temperature, humidity and illumination in the closed space; wherein the root system of the experimental vegetation extends into the soil layer, the heat generated by the gangue layer is transmitted to the soil layer through the heat preservation and conduction layer, and the root system of the experimental vegetation is affected, so as to simulate the influence of actual heat release of the gangue layer on the plant root system. The application can prove the damage process of the heat release of the gangue on the plant root system and the boundary condition of the damage and destruction of the ecological vegetation caused by the heat release of the gangue through experiments.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of equipment for simulating spontaneous combustion of gangue layers, and in particular to an experimental device and an experimental method for simulating the influence of heat release from spontaneous combustion of gangue on surface ecology. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, with the development and utilization of coal resources, a large amount of coal gangue has been forced to be piled up in gullies and valleys to fill ditches and create land due to its low utilization value and high processing cost. Since gangue contains sulfur oxides and combustible carbon, large amounts of gangue concentratedly piled up for land filling will cause the gangue to release heat in a closed environment. In severe cases, the gangue mountain formed by the gangue accumulation will undergo internal spontaneous combustion in local locations. When encountering rainfall or gangue leakage, the probability of gangue spontaneous combustion will be further increased.

[0003] For the ecological plants growing on the surface of the slag heap, the spontaneous combustion of the slag heap will undoubtedly have a huge impact on the surface plants; the heat generated by the spontaneous combustion of the slag will be transmitted to the surface, causing the surface soil temperature to rise, and toxic and harmful gases will leak from the surface, which may also cause root burns, leaf withering and death of surface plants, and other phenomena.

[0004] At present, the existing technology lacks experimental equipment and experimental methods for studying the impact of gangue spontaneous combustion on surface ecology (for example, vegetation). The existing simulation experimental equipment cannot simulate phenomena such as damage to plant roots caused by gangue heat release. Therefore, in order to understand the damage mechanism and critical conditions of the impact of gangue heat release on surface ecological vegetation, there is an urgent need for an experimental device that simulates the impact of gangue spontaneous combustion heat release on surface ecology. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention provides an experimental device and an experimental method for simulating the heat release caused by spontaneous combustion of gangue on the surface ecology, so as to solve the problem in the prior art of lacking an experimental device for studying the influence of spontaneous combustion of gangue on the surface ecology.

[0006] To solve the above problems, according to one aspect of the present application, an experimental device for simulating the influence of spontaneous heat release of gangue on the surface ecology is provided, comprising: a gangue simulation assembly, a soil simulation assembly and an ecology simulation assembly; the gangue simulation assembly comprises a gangue layer, a heat insulation and conduction layer, a gangue bin and a gas flow pipe, the gangue bin has an accommodating cavity inside, the gangue layer is formed by stacking gangue materials and is stacked in the accommodating cavity to simulate an actual gangue layer; the heat insulation and conduction layer is located in the accommodating cavity and is arranged above the gangue layer, the heat insulation and conduction layer is made of a heat conducting material, and the heat insulation and conduction layer simulates the heat transfer process of heat in the deep part of the actual gangue layer to the surface through the surface layer of the actual gangue layer; at least a part of the gas flow pipe extends into the gangue layer to flow combustion-supporting substances into the gangue layer to make the gangue layer burn internally; the soil simulation assembly comprises a soil bin, a soil layer and experimental vegetation, the soil bin is detachably arranged above the gangue bin and communicates with the accommodating cavity; at least a part of the soil layer is arranged in the soil bin, the soil layer is formed by stacking soil and the lower part abuts against the heat insulation and conduction layer to exchange heat by contact; the experimental vegetation is planted on the soil layer to simulate the vegetation on the actual surface; the ecology simulation assembly has a sealed space inside, the experimental vegetation and the soil layer are located in the sealed space, and the ecology simulation assembly simulates the influence of the external atmosphere on the actual surface and the vegetation on the actual surface by adjusting at least one of the temperature, humidity and illumination in the sealed space; wherein the root system of the experimental vegetation extends into the soil layer, the heat generated by the gangue layer is transferred to the soil layer through the heat insulation and conduction layer to affect the root system of the experimental vegetation to simulate the influence of the heat release of the actual gangue layer on the plant root system.

[0007] Further, the gangue simulation assembly further comprises at least one transverse partition plate and at least one longitudinal partition plate, the transverse partition plate and the longitudinal partition plate are arranged in a cross manner to separate the accommodating cavity into a plurality of independent cavities extending in the vertical direction, and the plurality of independent cavities have the same or different volumes; wherein different gangue materials can be stacked in different independent cavities to form different gangue layers arranged at intervals, and the different gangue layers are simultaneously in contact with the heat insulation and conduction layer above to perform a contrast experiment.

[0008] Further, the gangue simulation assembly further comprises a layered partition plate, the layered partition plate is arranged horizontally and is arranged in a cross manner with the transverse partition plate and the longitudinal partition plate to separate the independent cavities into two layers, and the gangue layer in the upper layer of the independent cavity is in contact with the heat insulation and conduction layer above; wherein the layered partition plate is made of a heat insulation material to prevent the heat of the gangue layer in the lower layer of the independent cavity from being transferred to the upper layer of the independent cavity; the transverse partition plate and the longitudinal partition plate are made of a heat insulation material to prevent the heat of the gangue layers in the adjacent two independent cavities from being transferred.

[0009] Furthermore, the accommodating cavity is a terraced cavity having an upper surface and a lower surface respectively arranged horizontally, the area of ​​the upper surface being smaller than the area of ​​the lower surface, so that the center of mass of the accommodating cavity is close to the bottom of the accommodating cavity; the volume of the accommodating cavity is not less than 1.2m 3 ; At least a portion of the gangue silo is made of transparent material to allow staff to observe the accommodating cavity; and / or, the gangue simulation assembly also includes a first insulating member, the first insulating member is made of insulating material, and the first insulating member is arranged on the bottom wall and side wall of the accommodating cavity to isolate the heat exchange between the gangue layer and the gangue silo.

[0010] Furthermore, the gangue silo has a gangue discharge port, which is connected to the bottom of the accommodating chamber and is used to remove the gangue material in the accommodating chamber to empty the accommodating chamber and / or sample the gangue material; the gangue simulation component also includes a closed door, which is arranged at the gangue discharge port and is used to open and close the gangue discharge port.

[0011] Furthermore, the soil simulation component also includes at least one soil temperature and humidity sensor, which is arranged in the soil layer and is used to detect the temperature and humidity in the soil layer; the soil bin is provided with a soil sampling port, which is connected to the interior of the soil bin and is used to sample from the soil layer; the soil simulation component also includes a sampling door, which is arranged at the soil sampling port and is used to open and close the soil sampling port.

[0012] Furthermore, the soil bin is a rectangular chamber; at least a portion of the soil bin is made of transparent material to allow staff to observe the soil layer and experimental vegetation; and / or, the soil simulation assembly also includes a second insulation member, the second insulation member is made of insulating material, and the second insulation member is arranged on the side wall inside the soil bin to isolate the heat exchange between the inside and outside of the soil bin.

[0013] Furthermore, the ecological simulation components include: an ecological greenhouse box, a water spraying structure, a lighting structure, a temperature control structure and a ventilation structure. The interior of the ecological greenhouse box is a confined space; the water spraying structure is arranged on the ecological greenhouse box, and is used to spray water into the confined space to simulate actual rainfall; the lighting structure is arranged on the ecological greenhouse box, and is used to illuminate the experimental vegetation in the confined space to simulate actual light; the temperature control structure is arranged on the ecological greenhouse box, and is used to adjust the temperature in the confined space; the ventilation structure is arranged on the ecological greenhouse box, and is used to control the airflow in the confined space and control the gas exchange between the confined space and the outside to simulate external wind flow; the ecological greenhouse box, the water spraying structure, the lighting structure, the temperature control structure and the ventilation structure work together to jointly simulate the impact of the external environment on the actual surface and vegetation.

[0014] Furthermore, at least a portion of the ecological greenhouse box is made of transparent material to enable staff to observe the soil layer and experimental vegetation in the enclosed space; the ecological greenhouse box is detachably arranged on the soil bin; the ecological simulation component also includes a gas detector and a temperature and humidity detector, the gas detector is used to detect the gas composition and concentration in the enclosed space; the temperature and humidity detector is used to detect the temperature and humidity in the enclosed space; the ecological simulation component also includes a handle, which is arranged on the upper part of the ecological greenhouse box for staff to hold to move the ecological greenhouse box.

[0015] According to another aspect of the present invention, an experimental method for simulating the effect of gangue spontaneous combustion and heat release on the surface ecology is provided. The experimental method for simulating the effect of gangue spontaneous combustion and heat release on the surface ecology is applied to the above-mentioned experimental device for simulating the effect of gangue spontaneous combustion and heat release on the surface ecology. The experimental method for simulating the effect of gangue spontaneous combustion and heat release on the surface ecology comprises the following steps: fixing the gangue silo, installing a gas circulation pipe at the bottom of the accommodating chamber, and then installing at least one transverse partition plate and at least one longitudinal partition plate in the accommodating chamber, arranging the transverse partition plate and the longitudinal partition plate to cross-set and divide the accommodating chamber into multiple An independent cavity extending in a vertical direction, wherein the volumes of the multiple independent cavities are the same or different; different gangue materials are piled up in different independent cavities to form gangue layers with different intervals, and the gangue layers are ensured to cover the gas circulation pipes; when piling up the gangue materials, sulfur powder and / or other combustion-supporting materials can be optionally added to promote the spontaneous combustion of the gangue layer; after the gangue layer is piled up, a heat-insulating and heat-conducting layer is laid; after the heat-insulating and heat-conducting layer is laid, a soil bin is installed, and a soil layer is laid in the soil bin using soil matrix materials so that the soil layer covers the heat-insulating and heat-conducting layer; during the laying of the soil layer, at least one A soil temperature and humidity sensor is controlled, and one of the soil temperature and humidity sensors is located in the middle of the soil layer in the thickness direction; after the soil layer is formed, plant seeds and / or seedlings are planted in the soil layer, and ecological simulation components are installed to cultivate plants, so that after a period of time, experimental vegetation with roots extending into the soil layer is formed; the ecological simulation components are adjusted to make the temperature, humidity and light in the enclosed space compatible with the environmental conditions to be simulated, so as to simulate the impact of the external environment on the actual surface and the vegetation on the actual surface; during the experiment, the temperature and humidity changes of the soil layer are measured in real time, and the real-time The temperature and humidity changes in the confined space are measured, the germination rate of plant seeds and / or the root damage and death of plant seedlings are observed and recorded, and the changes in gas composition in the confined space are monitored in real time; the heat generated by the gangue layer is transferred to the soil layer through the thermal insulation and heat conduction layer, affecting the experimental vegetation, simulating the actual heat release of the gangue layer on the plant roots; in particular, during the experiment, if it is found that the gangue layer fails to spontaneously combust within ten to fifteen days of stacking, auxiliary ignition is required. At this time, air and / or white phosphorus powder needs to be input into the gangue layer through the gas circulation pipe to ignite the gangue layer.

[0016] Applying the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention provides an experimental device for simulating the impact of spontaneous combustion and heat release of gangue on the surface ecology, including: a gangue simulation component, a soil simulation component and an ecological simulation component; the gangue simulation component includes a gangue layer, a thermal insulation and heat conduction layer, a gangue silo and a gas circulation pipe, the gangue silo has a accommodating cavity inside, the gangue layer is formed by piling up gangue materials, and is piled up in the accommodating cavity, and is used to simulate the actual gangue layer; the thermal insulation and heat conduction layer is located in the accommodating cavity and is arranged above the gangue layer, the thermal insulation and heat conduction layer adopts a heat conducting material, and the thermal insulation and heat conduction layer simulates the heat transfer process in the deep of the actual gangue layer through the surface of the actual gangue layer to the surface through heat conduction; at least a part of the gas circulation pipe extends into the gangue layer, and is used to circulate combustion-supporting substances into the gangue layer to make the gangue layer burn inside; the soil simulation component includes Soil bin, soil layer and experimental vegetation, the soil bin is detachably arranged above the gangue bin and is connected to the accommodating cavity; at least a part of the soil layer is arranged in the soil bin, the soil layer is formed by soil accumulation, and the lower part is in contact with the thermal insulation and heat conduction layer for contact heat exchange; the experimental vegetation is planted on the soil layer to simulate the vegetation on the actual surface; the ecological simulation component has a confined space inside, the experimental vegetation and the soil layer are located in the confined space, and the ecological simulation component simulates the influence of the external atmosphere on the actual surface and the actual surface vegetation by adjusting at least one factor of the temperature, humidity and light in the confined space; wherein, the roots of the experimental vegetation extend into the soil layer, and the heat generated by the gangue layer is transferred to the soil layer through the thermal insulation and heat conduction layer, which affects the root system of the experimental vegetation, so as to simulate the influence of the heat release of the actual gangue layer on the plant root system.

[0017] The present invention sets up a gangue simulation component, a soil simulation component and an ecological simulation component to work together, effectively affecting the root system of the experimental vegetation according to the heat release of the artificially filled gangue material, and realizes a high-fidelity simulation of the effect of the heat release of the actual gangue layer on the plant root system. Then, the damage process of the gangue heat release on the plant root system and the boundary conditions of the damage and destruction of the ecological vegetation by the gangue heat release can be explored through experiments, providing a reliable basis for the subsequent ecological management of the gangue mountain and the technical improvement of the gangue landfill process. The proposed experimental device for simulating the impact of gangue spontaneous combustion and heat release on the surface ecology makes the surface vegetation damage mechanism caused by gangue spontaneous combustion and heat release more intuitive, and can clearly demonstrate the conduction process of heat released by gangue, providing a scientific basis for subsequent gangue mountain management, gangue stacking process optimization and ecological reclamation. The present invention has a simple structure and low cost, is easy to assemble and subsequently maintain, and effectively fills the gap in the existing technology for experimental devices for studying the impact of gangue spontaneous combustion on the surface ecology, and has a high value for promotion and use. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] The drawings accompanying the specification of this application serve to provide further understanding of the present application, the illustrative embodiments thereof, and its description, and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present application. In the drawings:

[0019] Figure 1 A specific structural schematic diagram of an experimental device for simulating the ecological influence of spontaneous heat release of gangue on the ground surface is shown according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0020] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the cooperation of the lateral partition plate and the longitudinal partition plate from a top view is shown according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0021] Figure 3 A specific structural schematic diagram of the layered partition plate and the lateral partition plate is shown according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0022] Figure 4 A specific structural schematic diagram of the soil layer and the experimental vegetation from a top view is shown according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0023] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the arrangement of the multiple soil temperature and humidity sensors in the soil layer is shown according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0024] Among the above drawings, the following reference signs are included:

[0025] 10, gangue simulation assembly; 11, gangue layer; 12, heat preservation and conduction layer; 13, gangue bin; 131, gangue discharge port; 14, gas flow pipe; 15, lateral partition plate; 16, longitudinal partition plate; 17, independent cavity; 18, layered partition plate; 19, closing door;

[0026] 20, soil simulation assembly; 21, soil bin; 211, soil sampling port; 22, soil layer; 23, experimental vegetation; 24, soil temperature and humidity sensor;

[0027] 30, ecological simulation assembly; 31, closed space; 32, ecological greenhouse box; 33, water spraying structure; 34, light structure; 35, temperature adjusting structure; 36, ventilation structure; 37, temperature and humidity detector; 38, handle. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The following will be combined with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is actually only illustrative and is in no way intended to limit the present invention and its application or use. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] like Figures 1 to 5 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides an experimental device for simulating the impact of gangue self-ignition and heat release on the surface ecology, comprising: a gangue simulation component 10, a soil simulation component 20 and an ecological simulation component 30; the gangue simulation component 10 comprises a gangue layer 11, a heat-insulating and heat-conducting layer 12, a gangue silo 13 and a gas circulation pipe 14, the gangue silo 13 has a containing cavity inside, the gangue layer 11 is formed by piling up gangue materials and is piled up in the containing cavity to simulate the actual gangue layer 11; the heat-insulating and heat-conducting layer 12, a gangue silo 13 and a gas circulation pipe 14, the gangue silo 13 has a containing cavity inside, the gangue layer 11 is formed by piling up gangue materials and is piled up in the containing cavity to simulate the actual gangue layer 11; The heat-insulating heat-conducting layer 12 is located in the accommodating cavity and is arranged above the gangue layer 11. The heat-insulating heat-conducting layer 12 is made of heat-conducting material. The heat-insulating heat-conducting layer 12 simulates the heat transfer process in the deep of the actual gangue layer 11 through the surface of the actual gangue layer 11 to the surface of the ground by heat conduction; at least a portion of the gas circulation pipe 14 extends into the gangue layer 11, and is used to circulate the combustion-supporting material into the gangue layer 11 to cause combustion inside the gangue layer 11; the soil simulation component 20 includes a soil bin 21 , soil layer 22 and experimental vegetation 23, the soil bin 21 is detachably arranged above the gangue bin 13 and is connected to the accommodating cavity; at least a part of the soil layer 22 is arranged in the soil bin 21, the soil layer 22 is formed by soil accumulation, and the lower part is in contact with the thermal insulation and heat conductive layer 12 for contact heat exchange; the experimental vegetation 23 is planted on the soil layer 22 to simulate the vegetation on the actual surface; the ecological simulation component 30 has a closed space 31 inside, the experimental vegetation 23 and the soil layer 22 are located in the closed space 31, and the ecological simulation component 30 simulates the influence of the external atmosphere on the actual surface and the vegetation on the actual surface by adjusting at least one factor of the temperature, humidity and light in the closed space 31; wherein, the roots of the experimental vegetation 23 extend into the soil layer 22, and the heat generated by the gangue layer 11 is transferred to the soil layer 22 through the thermal insulation and heat conductive layer 12, which affects the root system of the experimental vegetation 23, so as to simulate the influence of the heat release of the actual gangue layer 11 on the plant root system.

[0030] The present invention sets up a gangue simulation component 10, a soil simulation component 20 and an ecological simulation component 30 to work together, effectively affecting the root system of the experimental vegetation 23 according to the heat release of the artificially filled gangue material, and realizing a high-fidelity simulation of the effect of the heat release of the actual gangue layer 11 on the plant root system. Then, the damage process of the gangue heat release on the plant root system and the boundary conditions of the damage and destruction of the ecological vegetation by the gangue heat release can be explored through experiments, providing a reliable basis for the subsequent ecological management of the gangue mountain and the technical improvement of the gangue landfill process. According to the experimental device proposed in the present invention for simulating the impact of spontaneous combustion and heat release of gangue on the surface ecology, the surface vegetation damage mechanism caused by spontaneous combustion and heat release of gangue is more intuitive, and the heat conduction process released by gangue can be clearly demonstrated, providing a scientific basis for subsequent gangue mountain management, gangue stacking process optimization and ecological reclamation. The present invention has a simple structure and low cost, is easy to assemble and subsequently maintain, and effectively fills the gap in the existing technology for experimental devices for studying the impact of spontaneous combustion of gangue on the surface ecology, and has a high value for promotion and use.

[0031] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the gangue simulation component 10 also includes at least one transverse partition plate 15 and at least one longitudinal partition plate 16. The transverse partition plate 15 and the longitudinal partition plate 16 are cross-arranged to divide the accommodating cavity into a plurality of independent cavities 17 extending in the vertical direction. The volumes of the plurality of independent cavities 17 are the same or different. Different gangue materials can be stacked in different independent cavities 17 to form gangue layers 11 with different spacing arrangements. The tops of the different gangue layers 11 are in contact with the thermal insulation and heat conductive layer 12 at the same time to conduct a control experiment.

[0032] By adding transverse partitions 15 and longitudinal partitions 16, the accommodating cavity is divided into multiple independent spaces (i.e., independent cavities 17), allowing experimenters to compare the spontaneous combustion effects of waste rock under different materials and conditions. This not only enhances the flexibility and comparability of the experiment, but also allows for more precise control and analysis, which helps to deeply understand the impact of the spontaneous combustion process of different waste rock accumulation methods on vegetation.

[0033] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the gangue simulation component 10 also includes a layered spacer 18, which is horizontally arranged and cross-arranged with the transverse spacer 15 and the longitudinal spacer 16 to separate the independent cavity 17 into two layers, the upper and lower layers. The gangue layer 11 located in the upper layer of the independent cavity 17 is in contact with the thermal insulation and heat conductive layer 12; wherein, the layered spacer 18 adopts thermal insulation material to isolate the heat of the gangue layer 11 located in the lower layer of the independent cavity 17 from being transferred to the upper layer of the independent cavity 17; the transverse spacer 15 and the longitudinal spacer 16 adopt thermal insulation material to isolate the heat transfer of the gangue layers 11 in the two adjacent independent cavities 17.

[0034] By using layered spacers 18, combined with transverse and longitudinal spacers 15 and 16, a thermally isolated experimental environment with independent upper and lower layers can be created, allowing researchers to explore heat distribution and transfer at different depths within the waste rock layer, as well as the potential impact of this distribution on the upper soil and plant roots. The use of insulating spacers ensures experimental accuracy and avoids unnecessary cross-talk.

[0035] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the accommodating cavity is a terraced cavity having an upper surface and a lower surface respectively arranged horizontally, the area of ​​the upper surface being smaller than the area of ​​the lower surface, so that the center of mass of the accommodating cavity is close to the bottom of the accommodating cavity; the volume of the accommodating cavity is not less than 1.2m 3 ; At least a portion of the gangue silo 13 is made of transparent material to allow staff to observe the accommodating cavity; and / or, the gangue simulation assembly 10 also includes a first insulating member, the first insulating member is made of insulating material, and the first insulating member is arranged on the bottom wall and side wall of the accommodating cavity to isolate the heat exchange between the gangue layer 11 and the gangue silo 13.

[0036] The stepped design of the gangue silo 13 brings the center of mass close to the bottom, enhancing the stability of the structure; the accommodating cavity is not less than 1.2m 3 The volume design not only ensures the scale of the experiment and can simulate the spontaneous combustion of a larger gangue pile, but also avoids the problem that the volume of the accommodating chamber is too small, resulting in a small amount of gangue loaded and little heat generated, and thus the gangue heat release simulation experiment cannot be carried out; by setting at least a part of the gangue silo 13 to be made of transparent material, the experimental process is visualized, which is convenient for the experimenter to monitor and adjust the experimental conditions in real time; the setting of the first insulation component further ensures the thermal isolation effect of the experiment, avoids the external environment from affecting the experimental results, and improves the accuracy and reliability of the experiment.

[0037] like Figure 1 As shown, the gangue silo 13 has a gangue discharge port 131, which is connected to the bottom of the accommodating chamber and is used to move the gangue material in the accommodating chamber out to empty the accommodating chamber and / or sample the gangue material; the gangue simulation component 10 also includes a closed door 19, which is arranged at the gangue discharge port 131 and is used to open and close the gangue discharge port 131.

[0038] The setting of the gangue discharge port 131 provides a simple way to clean and sample materials, which not only simplifies the experimental preparation and cleaning process, but also allows for a more detailed analysis of the gangue material to evaluate its chemical composition, thermal properties, etc., providing data support for understanding the gangue spontaneous combustion mechanism; the use of the closed door 19 ensures the closedness and safety of the experiment, avoids accidental leakage of gangue or the entry of external substances during the experiment, and thus avoids interference with the experimental results.

[0039] like Figure 1 and Figure 5 As shown, the soil simulation component 20 also includes at least one soil temperature and humidity sensor 24, which is arranged in the soil layer 22 and is used to detect the temperature and humidity in the soil layer 22; the soil bin 21 has a soil sampling port 211, which is connected to the interior of the soil bin 21 and is used to take samples from the soil layer 22; the soil simulation component 20 also includes a sampling door, which is arranged at the soil sampling port 211 and is used to open and close the soil sampling port 211.

[0040] The addition of soil temperature and humidity sensors 24 enables researchers to monitor soil temperature and humidity changes in real time, which is crucial for assessing plant root adaptability to thermal environments and ecosystem stability. The soil sampling port 211 and sampling door provide a direct way to sample changes in soil composition and structure, facilitating in-depth research into the long-term impacts of waste rock spontaneous combustion on soil ecology.

[0041] like Figure 1 and Figure 4 As shown, the soil bin 21 is a rectangular chamber; at least a portion of the soil bin 21 is made of transparent material to allow staff to observe the soil layer 22 and the experimental vegetation 23; and / or, the soil simulation assembly 20 also includes a second insulation member, which is made of insulating material and is arranged on the side wall inside the soil bin 21 to isolate the heat exchange between the inside and outside of the soil bin 21.

[0042] The soil bin 21 is made of transparent material, allowing the experimenter to visually observe the soil layer and the growth conditions of the experimental vegetation, facilitating immediate adjustments and records; the setting of the second insulation component effectively isolates the heat exchange between the inside and outside of the soil bin, ensuring the thermal stability of the experimental environment, which is very important for studying the response of the root system to specific temperature conditions.

[0043] like Figure 1As shown, the ecological simulation component 30 includes: an ecological greenhouse box 32, a water spraying structure 33, a lighting structure 34, a temperature control structure 35 and a ventilation structure 36. The interior of the ecological greenhouse box 32 is a closed space 31; the water spraying structure 33 is arranged on the ecological greenhouse box 32, and is used to spray water into the closed space 31 to simulate actual rainfall; the lighting structure 34 is arranged on the ecological greenhouse box 32, and is used to illuminate the experimental vegetation 23 in the closed space 31 to simulate actual lighting; the temperature control structure 35 is arranged on the ecological greenhouse box 32, and is used to adjust the temperature in the closed space 31; the ventilation structure 36 is arranged on the ecological greenhouse box 32, and is used to control the airflow in the closed space 31 and control the gas exchange between the closed space 31 and the outside to simulate external wind flow; the ecological greenhouse box 32, the water spraying structure 33, the lighting structure 34, the temperature control structure 35 and the ventilation structure 36 work together to jointly simulate the impact of the external environment on the actual surface and vegetation.

[0044] By setting up a water spray structure 33, a lighting structure 34, a temperature control structure 35 and a ventilation structure 36 to cooperate with each other, the ecological simulation component 30 can simulate various conditions of the natural environment, including rainfall, light, temperature and airflow. This greatly enhances the versatility and application value of the experimental results, enabling researchers to have a more comprehensive understanding of the various potential impacts of gangue spontaneous combustion on the surface ecology.

[0045] like Figure 1 As shown, at least a portion of the ecological greenhouse box 32 is made of transparent material to enable staff to observe the soil layer 22 and experimental vegetation 23 in the confined space 31; the ecological greenhouse box 32 is detachably arranged on the soil bin 21; the ecological simulation component 30 also includes a gas detector and a temperature and humidity detector 37, the gas detector is used to detect the gas composition and concentration in the confined space 31; the temperature and humidity detector 37 is used to detect the temperature and humidity in the confined space 31; the ecological simulation component 30 also includes a handle 38, which is arranged on the upper part of the ecological greenhouse box 32 for staff to hold to move the ecological greenhouse box 32.

[0046] The use of temperature and humidity detector 37 and gas detector ensures the accuracy and completeness of experimental data, and helps to analyze the impact of gases produced by spontaneous combustion of gangue on the ecology; the setting of handle 38 facilitates the movement and disassembly of the ecological greenhouse box, making experimental setup and maintenance more convenient, and improving the flexibility and efficiency of the experiment.

[0047] The present invention also provides an experimental method for simulating the influence of gangue spontaneous combustion and heat release on the surface ecology. The experimental method for simulating the influence of gangue spontaneous combustion and heat release on the surface ecology is applied to the above-mentioned experimental device for simulating the influence of gangue spontaneous combustion and heat release on the surface ecology. The experimental method for simulating the influence of gangue spontaneous combustion and heat release on the surface ecology comprises the following steps: fixing the gangue silo 13, and installing a gas circulation pipe 14 at the bottom of the accommodating cavity, and then installing at least one transverse partition plate 15 and at least one longitudinal partition plate 16 in the accommodating cavity, and arranging the transverse partition plate 15 and the longitudinal partition plate 16 to cross each other to divide the accommodating cavity into a plurality of independent cavities 17 extending in the vertical direction, and the plurality of independent cavities 17 extending in the vertical direction are arranged. The volumes of the independent cavities 17 are the same or different; different gangue materials are piled up in different independent cavities 17 to form gangue layers 11 with different intervals, and the gangue layers 11 are ensured to cover the gas circulation pipes 14; when piling up the gangue materials, sulfur powder and / or other combustion-supporting materials can be optionally added to promote the spontaneous combustion of the gangue layer 11; after the gangue layer 11 is piled up, the heat-insulating and heat-conducting layer 12 is laid; after the heat-insulating and heat-conducting layer 12 is laid, the soil bin 21 is installed, and a soil layer 22 is laid in the soil bin 21 using soil matrix material, so that the soil layer 22 covers the heat-insulating and heat-conducting layer 12; in the process of laying the soil layer 22, at least one soil heat-insulating layer 12 is installed. Humidity sensor 24, control one of the soil temperature and humidity sensors 24 is located in the middle of the soil layer 22 in the thickness direction; after the soil layer 22 is formed, plant seeds and / or seedlings are planted in the soil layer 22, and the ecological simulation component 30 is installed to cultivate plants, so that after a period of time, experimental vegetation 23 with roots extending into the soil layer 22 is formed; adjust the ecological simulation component 30 to make the temperature, humidity and light in the enclosed space 31 adapt to the environmental conditions to be simulated, so as to simulate the impact of the external environment on the actual surface and the vegetation on the actual surface; during the experiment, the temperature change and humidity change of the soil layer 22 are measured in real time, and the real-time measurement is performed. The temperature and humidity changes in the confined space 31 are observed and recorded, the germination rate of plant seeds and / or the root damage and death of plant seedlings are observed and recorded, and the changes in the gas composition in the confined space 31 are monitored in real time; the heat generated by the gangue layer 11 is transferred to the soil layer 22 through the thermal insulation and heat conductive layer 12, affecting the experimental vegetation 23, simulating the actual heat release of the gangue layer 11 on the plant roots; wherein, during the experiment, if it is found that the gangue layer 11 fails to spontaneously combust within ten to fifteen days of stacking, auxiliary ignition is required. At this time, air and / or white phosphorus powder need to be input into the gangue layer 11 through the gas circulation pipe 14 to ignite the gangue layer 11.

[0048] The experimental method proposed in the present invention describes in detail how to set up and run the experiment, including the stacking and forming of the gangue layer 11, the layout of the thermal insulation and heat conductive layer 12, the laying of the soil layer 22 and the cultivation of the experimental vegetation 23, as well as how to control and monitor the environmental conditions within the ecological simulation component; in particular, the auxiliary ignition step when the gangue layer 11 fails to spontaneously combust ensures the feasibility of the experiment, and can simulate gangue spontaneous combustion even under unfavorable conditions, providing an important data basis for research; the method proposed in the present invention realizes the standardization of steps and flexible control of experimental conditions, provides a powerful tool for in-depth research on the ecological impact of gangue spontaneous combustion, and helps to formulate more effective gangue mountain management and ecological restoration strategies.

[0049] In summary, the present invention provides an experimental device and an experimental method for simulating the influence of gangue spontaneous combustion and heat release on the surface ecology. The present invention sets a gangue simulation component 10, a soil simulation component 20 and an ecological simulation component 30 to work together, and effectively affects the root system of the experimental vegetation 23 according to the heat release of the artificially filled gangue material, thereby achieving a high-fidelity simulation of the influence of the heat release of the actual gangue layer 11 on the plant root system. Then, the damage process of the gangue heat release on the plant root system and the boundary conditions of the damage and destruction of the ecological vegetation by the gangue heat release can be explored through experiments, which provides a basis for the subsequent ecological treatment of gangue hills. The invention provides a reliable basis for technical improvement of waste rock landfill technology and waste rock spontaneous combustion technology; the experimental device for simulating the heat release of waste rock spontaneous combustion on the surface ecology proposed in the present invention makes the surface vegetation damage mechanism caused by the heat release of waste rock more intuitive, and can clearly show the conduction process of heat released by waste rock, providing a scientific basis for subsequent waste rock mountain management, waste rock stacking process optimization and ecological reclamation; the invention has a simple structure and low cost, is easy to assemble and subsequently maintain, and effectively fills the gap in the existing technology for experimental devices for studying the impact of waste rock spontaneous combustion on the surface ecology, and has a high value for promotion and use.

[0050] It should be noted that the terms used herein are only for describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular form is also intended to include the plural form. In addition, it should be understood that when the terms "comprise" and / or "include" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components and / or combinations thereof.

[0051] Unless otherwise specifically stated, the relative arrangement of the parts and steps, numerical expressions and numerical values ​​set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the present invention. At the same time, it should be understood that, for ease of description, the sizes of the various parts shown in the accompanying drawings are not drawn according to actual proportional relationships. The technology, methods and equipment known to those of ordinary skill in the relevant art may not be discussed in detail, but in appropriate cases, the technology, methods and equipment should be considered as a part of the specification. In all examples shown and discussed here, any specific value should be interpreted as being merely exemplary, rather than as a limitation. Therefore, other examples of the exemplary embodiments can have different values. It should be noted that similar numbers and letters represent similar items in the following drawings, and therefore, once an item is defined in an accompanying drawing, it does not need to be further discussed in subsequent drawings.

[0052] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the directions or positional relationships indicated by directional words such as "front, back, up, down, left, right", "horizontal, vertical, perpendicular, horizontal" and "top, bottom" are usually based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description. Unless otherwise specified, these directional words do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction or be constructed and operated in a specific direction. Therefore, they cannot be understood as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention; the directional words "inside and outside" refer to the inside and outside relative to the outline of each component itself.

[0053] For ease of description, spatially relative terms such as "above", "above", "on the upper surface of", "above", etc. may be used herein to describe the spatial positional relationship of a device or feature to other devices or features as shown in the figures. It should be understood that spatially relative terms are intended to include different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation described in the figures. For example, if the device in the drawings is inverted, the device described as "above other devices or structures" or "above other devices or structures" will be positioned as "below other devices or structures" or "below other devices or structures". Thus, the exemplary term "above" can include both "above" and "below". The device can also be positioned in other different ways (rotated 90 degrees or in other orientations), and the spatially relative descriptions used here are interpreted accordingly.

[0054] In addition, it should be noted that the use of terms such as "first" and "second" to limit components is only for the convenience of distinguishing the corresponding components. Unless otherwise stated, the above terms have no special meaning and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0055] The foregoing description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that various modifications and variations of the present invention are possible. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An experimental method for simulating the impact of gangue spontaneous combustion and heat release on the surface ecology, characterized in that: The experimental method for simulating the impact of gangue spontaneous combustion and heat release on the surface ecology includes the following steps: A gangue silo (13) is fixedly installed, and a gas circulation pipe (14) is installed at the bottom of the accommodating chamber. Then, at least one transverse partition plate (15) and at least one longitudinal partition plate (16) are installed in the accommodating chamber. The transverse partition plate (15) and the longitudinal partition plate (16) are arranged to cross each other to divide the accommodating chamber into a plurality of independent chambers (17) extending in a vertical direction. The volumes of the plurality of independent chambers (17) are the same or different. Different gangue materials are stacked in different independent cavities (17) to form gangue layers (11) arranged at different intervals, and the gangue layers (11) are ensured to cover the gas circulation pipe (14); when stacking the gangue materials, sulfur powder and / or other combustion-supporting materials can be optionally added to promote spontaneous combustion of the gangue layers (11); After the gangue layer (11) is piled up, a heat-insulating and heat-conducting layer (12) is laid; after the heat-insulating and heat-conducting layer (12) is laid, a soil bin (21) is installed, and a soil layer (22) is laid in the soil bin (21) using a soil matrix material, so that the soil layer (22) covers the heat-insulating and heat-conducting layer (12); during the laying of the soil layer (22), at least one soil temperature and humidity sensor (24) is installed, and one of the soil temperature and humidity sensors (24) is controlled to be located in the middle of the soil layer (22) in the thickness direction; After the soil layer (22) is formed, plant seeds and / or seedlings are planted in the soil layer (22), and an ecological simulation component (30) is installed to cultivate the plants, so that after a period of time, an experimental vegetation (23) with roots extending into the soil layer (22) is formed; Adjusting the ecological simulation component (30) so that the temperature, humidity and light in the enclosed space (31) are adapted to the desired simulated environmental conditions, thereby simulating the impact of the external environment on the actual surface and the vegetation on the actual surface; During the experiment, the temperature change and humidity change of the soil layer (22) are measured in real time, the temperature change and humidity change in the enclosed space (31) are measured in real time, the germination rate of plant seeds and / or the root damage and death of plant seedlings are observed and recorded, and the changes in gas composition in the enclosed space (31) are monitored in real time; The heat generated by the gangue layer (11) is transferred to the soil layer (22) through the heat-insulating and heat-conducting layer (12), thereby affecting the experimental vegetation (23) and simulating the effect of heat release from the actual gangue layer on the plant root system; During the experiment, if it is found that the gangue layer (11) fails to spontaneously combust within ten to fifteen days of stacking, auxiliary ignition is required. At this time, air and / or white phosphorus powder is input into the gangue layer (11) through the gas circulation pipe (14) to ignite the gangue layer (11).

2. An experimental device for simulating the impact of spontaneous combustion of waste rock on the surface ecology, characterized in that: The experimental device for simulating the influence of gangue spontaneous combustion and heat release on the surface ecology applies the experimental method for simulating the influence of gangue spontaneous combustion and heat release on the surface ecology described in claim 1; the experimental device for simulating the influence of gangue spontaneous combustion and heat release on the surface ecology comprises: a gangue simulation component (10), a soil simulation component (20) and an ecological simulation component (30); the gangue simulation component (10) comprises a gangue layer (11), a heat-insulating and heat-conducting layer (12), a gangue silo (13) and a gas circulation pipe (14); the gangue silo (13) has a containing cavity inside, the gangue layer (11) is formed by piling up gangue materials, and the gangue materials are piled up in the containing cavity. The heat-insulating and heat-conducting layer (12) is located in the accommodating cavity and is arranged above the gangue layer (11). The heat-insulating and heat-conducting layer (12) is made of a heat-conducting material. The heat-insulating and heat-conducting layer (12) simulates the heat transfer process in which the heat in the deep of the actual gangue layer (11) is transferred to the surface of the ground through the surface of the actual gangue layer (11) by heat conduction. At least a portion of the gas circulation pipe (14) extends into the gangue layer (11) and is used to circulate the combustion-supporting material into the gangue layer (11) so as to cause the gangue layer (11) to burn internally. The soil simulation component (2 0) comprises a soil bin (21), a soil layer (22) and experimental vegetation (23), wherein the soil bin (21) is detachably arranged above the gangue bin (13) and is in communication with the accommodating cavity; at least a portion of the soil layer (22) is arranged in the soil bin (21), the soil layer (22) is formed by soil accumulation, and the lower portion abuts against the thermal insulation and heat conduction layer (12) for contact heat exchange; the experimental vegetation (23) is planted on the soil layer (22) to simulate vegetation on the actual surface; the ecological simulation component (30) has a closed space (31) inside, and the experimental vegetation The waste rock (23) and the soil layer (22) are located in the enclosed space (31), and the ecological simulation component (30) simulates the influence of the external atmosphere on the actual surface and the vegetation on the actual surface by adjusting at least one factor of the temperature, humidity and light in the enclosed space (31); wherein the root system of the experimental vegetation (23) extends into the soil layer (22), and the heat generated by the waste rock layer (11) is transferred to the soil layer (22) through the thermal insulation and heat conduction layer (12), thereby affecting the root system of the experimental vegetation (23) to simulate the influence of the heat release of the actual waste rock layer (11) on the plant root system.

3. The experimental device for simulating the impact of gangue spontaneous combustion and heat release on the surface ecology according to claim 2, characterized in that: The gangue simulation component (10) further comprises at least one transverse partition plate (15) and at least one longitudinal partition plate (16), wherein the transverse partition plate (15) and the longitudinal partition plate (16) are arranged crosswise to divide the accommodating cavity into a plurality of independent cavities (17) extending in a vertical direction, wherein the volumes of the plurality of independent cavities (17) are the same or different; wherein different gangue materials can be stacked in different independent cavities (17) to form the gangue layers (11) arranged at different intervals, and the tops of the different gangue layers (11) are in contact with the thermal insulation and heat conducting layer (12) at the same time to conduct a control experiment.

4. The experimental device for simulating the impact of gangue spontaneous combustion and heat release on the surface ecology according to claim 3, characterized in that: The gangue simulation component (10) further includes a layered spacer (18), which is horizontally arranged and cross-arranged with the transverse spacer (15) and the longitudinal spacer (16) to separate the independent cavity (17) into two layers, the upper layer of the gangue layer (11) located in the upper layer of the independent cavity (17) contacts the thermal insulation and heat-conducting layer (12); wherein the layered spacer (18) is made of a heat-insulating material to isolate the heat of the gangue layer (11) located in the lower layer of the independent cavity (17) from being transferred to the upper layer of the independent cavity (17); and the transverse spacer (15) and the longitudinal spacer (16) are made of a heat-insulating material to isolate the heat of the gangue layers (11) in the two adjacent independent cavities (17) from being transferred.

5. The experimental device for simulating the impact of gangue spontaneous combustion and heat release on the surface ecology according to claim 2, characterized in that: The accommodating cavity is a terraced cavity having an upper surface and a lower surface respectively arranged horizontally, wherein the area of ​​the upper surface is smaller than the area of ​​the lower surface, so that the center of mass of the accommodating cavity is close to the bottom of the accommodating cavity; the volume of the accommodating cavity is not less than 1.2m 3 At least a portion of the gangue silo (13) is made of transparent material to allow staff to observe the accommodating cavity; And / or, the gangue simulation component (10) further includes a first thermal insulation member, the first thermal insulation member adopts a thermal insulation material, and the first thermal insulation member is arranged on the bottom wall and the side wall of the accommodating cavity, and is used to isolate the heat exchange between the gangue layer (11) and the gangue silo (13).

6. The experimental device for simulating the impact of gangue spontaneous combustion and heat release on the surface ecology according to claim 2, characterized in that: The gangue silo (13) has a gangue discharge port (131), which is in communication with the bottom of the accommodating chamber and is used to remove the gangue material in the accommodating chamber to empty the accommodating chamber and / or to sample the gangue material; the gangue simulation component (10) further includes a closed door (19), which is arranged at the gangue discharge port (131) and is used to open and close the gangue discharge port (131).

7. The experimental device for simulating the impact of gangue spontaneous combustion and heat release on surface ecology according to claim 2, characterized in that: The soil simulation component (20) further includes at least one soil temperature and humidity sensor (24), which is disposed in the soil layer (22) and is used to detect the temperature and humidity in the soil layer (22); The soil bin (21) is provided with a soil sampling port (211), the soil sampling port (211) being in communication with the interior of the soil bin (21) and being used for sampling from the soil layer (22); the soil simulation component (20) further comprises a sampling door, the sampling door being arranged at the soil sampling port (211) and being used for opening and closing the soil sampling port (211).

8. The experimental device for simulating the impact of gangue spontaneous combustion and heat release on surface ecology according to claim 2, characterized in that: The soil bin (21) is a rectangular chamber; at least a portion of the soil bin (21) is made of transparent material to allow staff to observe the soil layer (22) and the experimental vegetation (23); And / or, the soil simulation component (20) further comprises a second thermal insulation member, the second thermal insulation member adopts a thermal insulation material, and the second thermal insulation member is arranged on the side wall inside the soil bin (21) to isolate the heat exchange between the inside and outside of the soil bin (21).

9. The experimental device for simulating the impact of gangue spontaneous combustion and heat release on the surface ecology according to claim 2, characterized in that: The ecological simulation component (30) includes: an ecological greenhouse box (32), a water spraying structure (33), a lighting structure (34), a temperature regulating structure (35) and a ventilation structure (36). The interior of the ecological greenhouse box (32) is the enclosed space (31); the water spraying structure (33) is arranged on the ecological greenhouse box (32) and is used to spray water into the enclosed space (31) to simulate actual rainfall; the lighting structure (34) is arranged on the ecological greenhouse box (32) and is used to illuminate the experimental vegetation (23) in the enclosed space (31) to simulate actual light; The temperature regulating structure (35) is arranged on the ecological greenhouse box (32) and is used to regulate the temperature in the enclosed space (31); the ventilation structure (36) is arranged on the ecological greenhouse box (32) and is used to control the air flow in the enclosed space (31) and control the gas exchange between the enclosed space (31) and the outside to simulate external wind flow; the ecological greenhouse box (32), the water spraying structure (33), the lighting structure (34), the temperature regulating structure (35) and the ventilation structure (36) work together to jointly simulate the impact of the external environment on the actual surface and vegetation.

10. The experimental device for simulating the impact of gangue spontaneous combustion and heat release on surface ecology according to claim 9, characterized in that: At least a portion of the ecological greenhouse box (32) is made of transparent material to allow staff to observe the soil layer (22) and the experimental vegetation (23) in the enclosed space (31); the ecological greenhouse box (32) is detachably arranged on the soil bin (21); The ecological simulation component (30) further includes a gas detector and a temperature and humidity detector (37), wherein the gas detector is used to detect the gas composition and concentration in the enclosed space (31); the temperature and humidity detector (37) is used to detect the temperature and humidity in the enclosed space (31); The ecological simulation component (30) further includes a handle (38), which is arranged on the upper part of the ecological greenhouse box (32) and is used for a worker to hold in order to move the ecological greenhouse box (32).

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