Photovoltaic system with hot spot prevention effect

Abstract

The invention relates to a photovoltaic system with an anti-hot-spot effect, which comprises photovoltaic panels arranged in rows and a cleaning device perpendicular to the arrangement direction of the photovoltaic panels and parallel to the photovoltaic panels, and the cleaning device moves along the arrangement direction of the photovoltaic panels through a first moving device; the photovoltaic panels are provided with temperature sensors, the temperature sensors are connected with the control switchboard, if the temperature detected by any temperature sensor is higher than a temperature threshold value, the control switchboard controls the first moving device to move towards the photovoltaic panels with the temperature exceeding the standard, and the cleaning device cleans the surfaces of the passing photovoltaic panels in the moving process. According to the photovoltaic system with the hot spot prevention effect, the temperature condition of each photovoltaic panel is monitored in real time, the photovoltaic panel with the temperature exceeding the standard is found in time and automatically cleaned, meanwhile, the switchboard is controlled to send an early warning signal to the switchboard, the abnormal temperature of the photovoltaic panel is controlled in time, the spontaneous combustion time of the photovoltaic panel is delayed, and the self-ignition efficiency of the photovoltaic panel is improved. And most dirt can be cleaned in time, so that the labor cost is reduced.

Description

A photovoltaic system with anti-hot spot effect Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of photovoltaic equipment technology, and more specifically to a photovoltaic system with anti-hot spot effect. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of the photovoltaic market, the role of photovoltaic equipment is becoming more and more widespread, and the scale of photovoltaic equipment is also becoming wider and wider. As a result, problems are gradually emerging. Among them, the most likely problem to occur and the most likely to cause disaster is that the surface of photovoltaic tiles will be covered with bird droppings, mud, thick deposits and other dirt, which will cause local temperature rise, forming a "hot spot effect", and ultimately causing a fire due to local high temperature.

[0003] Photovoltaic cells generate electricity by absorbing sunlight. Any obstruction reduces the area exposed to sunlight. Bird droppings (especially dried ones) and thick layers of dust or mud act as a barrier, preventing sunlight from reaching the photovoltaic panels. When part of a photovoltaic panel is severely shaded (like by bird droppings) while other parts are exposed to sunlight, the shaded portion not only fails to generate electricity but also becomes a load resistor, consuming the electrical energy produced by the other photovoltaic panels. This consumed energy is converted into a large amount of heat, causing the temperature in that area to rise sharply (local temperatures can reach over 100-150°C), a phenomenon known as the "hot spot effect." Prolonged hot spots can permanently damage the solar cells, accelerating power degradation and, in severe cases, causing fires.

[0004] A single bird dropping can affect the current of an entire battery string (the "weakest link" effect), leading to a significant decrease in the power generation of a single string. Studies have shown that severe pollution can cause localized power generation losses of up to 30%-50%. Evenly distributed dust cover can result in a 5%-25% annual power generation loss, depending on regional climate differences. This is particularly severe in arid, windy, and dusty areas. However, bird droppings contain acidic substances and organic matter, which, once dried, adhere tightly to the glass surface and are difficult to wash away with ordinary rainwater. Furthermore, the concentrated, patchy droppings can easily cause localized hot spots, and long-term bird dropping residue can slightly corrode the anti-reflective coating on the photovoltaic panel surface. Therefore, timely external intervention for cleaning is necessary.

[0005] Current market solutions include: 1. Manual cleaning: using soft mops, specialized cleaning agents, and deionized water (to prevent limescale buildup), which is the most thorough method. However, it is inefficient, involves working at heights, poses safety risks, and cannot be applied to harsh environments or large-scale photovoltaic projects.

[0006] 2. Install intelligent cleaning robots: They can be preset with a frequency and automatically walk and clean the photovoltaic panels. They are suitable for large flat-ground power stations, but they can only work on interconnected photovoltaic panels. They cannot work on photovoltaic panels that are spaced apart or not installed in the same row.

[0007] 3. Sprinkler system: A sprinkler system can be installed in specific areas (such as agro-solar hybrid systems) to spray water regularly for rinsing. However, it cannot be used in areas with strong winds and sandstorms or water shortages.

[0008] 4. Using a component design with a bypass diode can short-circuit the blocked portion of the battery when some cells are shaded, reducing hot spot damage. However, this method does not address the root cause and will reduce power generation efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0009] This invention provides a photovoltaic system with anti-hot spot effect. When the system detects high temperature, it processes the data according to the location of the high temperature, so that the cleaning robot can clean in time according to the alarm point location to prevent fire.

[0010] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a photovoltaic system with anti-hot spot effect for cooling and surface cleaning of photovoltaic panels, comprising rows of photovoltaic panels and a cleaning device perpendicular to and parallel to the photovoltaic panels. The cleaning device moves along the direction of the photovoltaic panels via a first moving device. Temperature sensors are provided on the photovoltaic panels and are connected to a control unit. If any temperature sensor detects a temperature higher than a temperature threshold, the control unit controls the first moving device to move toward the photovoltaic panel with the excessive temperature. During the movement, the cleaning device cleans the surface of the photovoltaic panels it passes.

[0011] Furthermore, the cleaning device includes a cleaning roller and a cleaning motor for controlling the rotation of the cleaning roller, wherein the cleaning roller is perpendicular to the direction in which the photovoltaic panels are arranged and parallel to the surface of the photovoltaic panels.

[0012] Furthermore, the rotation direction of the cleaning roller is opposite to the movement direction of the cleaning roller.

[0013] Furthermore, the cleaning roller is a multi-layer composite roller, with a sponge core inside and a cleaning cloth layer wrapped around it.

[0014] Furthermore, the first moving device includes a first guide rail parallel to the photovoltaic panel arrangement direction, a first guide wheel disposed on the cleaning device, and a first guide wheel motor that drives the first guide wheel to rotate. The first guide wheel motor drives the first guide wheel to rotate through a gear set, and the first guide wheel moves in the first guide rail.

[0015] Furthermore, the cleaning device is equipped with a first rotary motor, and the output end of the first rotary motor is equipped with a first rotary drive gear. The first rotary drive gear meshes with a first rotary driven gear, and the first rotary driven gear rotates synchronously with the first guide wheel. The first guide rail is equipped with a first longitudinal guide rail and a first transverse guide rail that are perpendicular to each other, wherein the first transverse guide rail is parallel to the photovoltaic panel arrangement direction, and a first steering cavity for the first guide wheel to rotate is provided at the connection between the first longitudinal guide rail and the first transverse guide rail.

[0016] Furthermore, the photovoltaic panel is equipped with a scissor lift frame and an electric push rod for pushing the scissor lift frame to control its upward movement. The electric push rod moves via a second moving device, the moving direction of which is parallel to the arrangement direction of the photovoltaic panel.

[0017] Furthermore, the second moving device includes a second guide rail parallel to the photovoltaic panel arrangement direction, a second guide wheel mounted on an electric push rod, and a second guide wheel motor that controls the rotation of the second guide wheel. The second guide wheel motor drives the second guide wheel to rotate through a gear set, and the second guide wheel moves in the second guide rail.

[0018] Furthermore, the electric push rod is equipped with a second rotary motor, and the output end of the second rotary motor is equipped with a second rotary drive gear. The second rotary drive gear meshes with a second rotary driven gear, and the second rotary driven gear rotates synchronously with the second guide wheel. The second guide rail is equipped with a second longitudinal guide rail and a second transverse guide rail that are perpendicular to each other, wherein the second transverse guide rail is parallel to the photovoltaic panel arrangement direction, and a second steering cavity for the second guide wheel to rotate is provided at the connection between the second longitudinal guide rail and the second transverse guide rail.

[0019] Furthermore, a heat-conducting layer is provided between the photovoltaic panel and the temperature sensor.

[0020] The present invention has the following advantages: The present invention provides a photovoltaic system with anti-hot spot effect. The system monitors the temperature of each photovoltaic panel in real time, detects photovoltaic panels with excessive temperature in a timely manner and cleans them automatically. At the same time, the control unit sends an early warning signal to the main control unit, realizing timely control of abnormal temperature of photovoltaic panels, delaying the time of spontaneous combustion of photovoltaic panels, providing time to eliminate problems, and enabling timely cleaning of most dirt, thereby reducing labor costs.

[0021] This invention discloses a photovoltaic system with anti-hot spot effect. Each photovoltaic panel is equipped with a scissor lift and a movable electric push rod. This is used to isolate photovoltaic panels with stubborn stains that cannot be cleaned, allowing the photovoltaic support to raise the faulty panels, facilitating manual maintenance or preventing the escalation of a fire and avoiding its spread. Attached Figure Description

[0022] To more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are merely exemplary, and those skilled in the art can derive other embodiments based on the provided drawings without creative effort.

[0023] The structures, proportions, sizes, etc. illustrated in this specification are only for the purpose of assisting those skilled in the art in understanding and reading the content disclosed herein, and are not intended to limit the conditions under which the present invention can be implemented. Therefore, they have no substantial technical significance. Any modifications to the structure, changes in the proportions, or adjustments to the size, without affecting the effects and objectives that the present invention can produce, should still fall within the scope of the technical content disclosed in the present invention.

[0024] Figure 1 is a product structure diagram of a photovoltaic system with anti-hot spot effect provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 2 is a product structure diagram of the cleaning device in Figure 1; Figure 3 is a control system structure diagram of the cleaning device in a photovoltaic system with anti-hot spot effect provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 4 is a product structure diagram of a photovoltaic system with anti-hot spot effect provided in Embodiment 2 of the present invention; Figure 5 is a product structure diagram of a photovoltaic system with anti-hot spot effect provided in Embodiment 3 of the present invention; Figure 6 is a control system structure diagram of the electric push rod in a photovoltaic system with anti-hot spot effect provided in Embodiment 3 of the present invention; Figure 7 is a structural diagram of the second moving device in Figure 5; Figure 8 is a top view of Figure 5.

[0025] In the diagram: 11. Photovoltaic panel; 12. Temperature sensor; 13. Cleaning control module; 14. Scissor lift; 15. Humidity sensor; 16. Cleaning wireless communication module; 17. Control unit; 21. Cleaning device; 22. Cleaning roller; 23. Cleaning motor; 31. First moving device; 32. First guide rail; 33. First guide wheel; 34. First guide wheel motor; 35. First rotary motor; 36. First rotary drive gear; 37. First rotary driven gear; 38. First longitudinal guide rail; 39. First transverse guide rail; 40. First intermediate wheel; 41. Electric push rod; 42. Push rod control module; 43. Push rod wireless communication module; 51. Second moving device; 52. Second guide rail; 53. Second guide wheel; 54. Second guide wheel motor; 55. Second rotary motor; 56. Second rotary drive gear; 57. Second rotary driven gear; 58. Second longitudinal guide rail; 59. Second transverse guide rail; 60. Second intermediate wheel. Detailed Implementation

[0026] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0027] Example 1, as shown in Figures 1-3, describes a photovoltaic system with anti-hot spot effect for cooling and surface cleaning of photovoltaic panels 11. It includes rows of photovoltaic panels 11 and a cleaning device 21 perpendicular to and parallel to the arrangement direction of the photovoltaic panels 11. The cleaning device 21 moves along the arrangement direction of the photovoltaic panels 11 via a first moving device 31. Temperature sensors 12 are installed on the photovoltaic panels 11 and are connected to a control unit 17. If any temperature sensor 12 detects a temperature higher than a temperature threshold, the control unit 17 controls the first moving device 31 to move towards the photovoltaic panel 11 with the excessive temperature. During the movement, the cleaning device 21 cleans the surface of the photovoltaic panels 11 it passes through.

[0028] The photovoltaic panels 11 arranged in rows include a photovoltaic panel 11 frame, on which the photovoltaic panels 11 arranged in rows are fixed. The photovoltaic panels 11 are spaced relatively close together, with the spacing being less than the width of the cleaning device 21, in order to ensure the continuity of the cleaning process.

[0029] The cleaning device 21 includes a cleaning roller 22 and a cleaning motor 23 for controlling the rotation of the cleaning roller 22. The cleaning roller 22 is perpendicular to the direction in which the photovoltaic panels 11 are arranged and parallel to the surface of the photovoltaic panels 11. The cleaning device 21 is provided with a power supply compartment for housing the built-in power supply and a control compartment for housing the main control unit 17. The power supply compartment and the control compartment are located on both sides of the cleaning roller 22, respectively, and can serve as support structures on both sides of the cleaning roller 22, while also providing support for the cleaning motor 23. The support shaft inside the cleaning roller 22 allows wires to pass through.

[0030] Since photovoltaic equipment often operates in unmanned and harsh environments, timely water replenishment is not easy. Therefore, the cleaning roller 22 in this technology adopts a multi-layer composite roller. Its interior is a sponge core for absorbing and storing large amounts of liquid, and its exterior is wrapped with a cleaning cloth layer for fine wiping and preventing scratches. This design combines moisturizing and cleaning effects. The cleaning cloth layer adopts a non-woven fabric roller, a knitted fabric roller, or a brush roller. The non-woven fabric roller and the knitted fabric roller are characterized by wrapping non-woven fabric or knitted fabric layer by layer on the roller core to form a soft surface with good liquid retention. The fiber structure of the cloth layer can lock in the liquid and has the advantages of wear resistance, not easy to shed lint, replaceable cloth surface, and low maintenance cost. The brush roller mainly uses dense and soft bristles (such as nylon, PP, etc.), which can adhere and transport cleaning liquid well. While moisturizing, it provides stronger mechanical friction, which is suitable for cleaning surfaces with stubborn stains or uneven surfaces.

[0031] To ensure effective cleaning and maximize the friction between the moving cleaning roller 22 and the photovoltaic panel 11, this technology preferably uses a direction of rotation opposite to the direction of movement of the cleaning roller 22. That is, the direction of movement of the side of the cleaning roller 22 in contact with the panel surface is opposite to the direction of movement of the cleaning roller 22 itself. A cleaning motor 23 is located on one side of the cleaning roller 22. The cleaning motor 23 can be directly connected to the cleaning roller 22, or it can be driven by gears or shafts to meet the requirements of the mechanical design.

[0032] The cleaning roller 22 is equipped with a humidity sensor 15 to collect the humidity information of the cleaning roller 22. The cleaning device 21 is equipped with a cleaning control module 13. The cleaning control module 13 collects the humidity signal from the humidity sensor 15. When the humidity is lower than the humidity threshold, the cleaning control module 13 sends a signal to the control unit 17 through the cleaning wireless communication module 16 to inform the staff to replenish water or charge the cleaning roller 22 in time. Alternatively, the cleaning device 21 has its own water replenishment tank, and the water pump in the water replenishment tank delivers water to the cleaning roller 22 through the pipeline. In this technology, an additional supply chamber is set up for the cleaning device 21 to dock. The cleaning device 21 is controlled to enter the supply chamber to replenish the cleaning roller 22 with liquid and charge the power supply. Moreover, the cleaning device 21 is usually parked in the supply chamber. On the one hand, the supply chamber can serve as the starting point for the movement of the cleaning device 21, which is convenient for the system to calculate the movement path of the cleaning device 21. On the other hand, the supply chamber can block wind, sand and sunlight, prevent the cleaning roller 22 from being contaminated and dried out in advance, and keep the cleaning device 21 clean and moist. There are many ways to detect the humidity of the cleaning roller 22 and replenish water based on the humidity sensor 15, which will not be elaborated here.

[0033] The cleaning control module 13 is also connected to the cleaning motor 23, the first moving device 31, and the power supply. When the control unit 17 detects that the temperature of a photovoltaic panel 11 exceeds the limit, it analyzes the position of the temperature sensor 12 on the photovoltaic panel 11, calculates the moving distance of the cleaning device 21, and converts this moving distance into movement data for the first moving device 31, such as the number of rotations of the motor. Then, the cleaning control module 13 receives the cleaning signal and movement signal sent by the control unit 17 and controls the cleaning motor 23 to start and the first moving device 31 to move a specified distance. Simultaneously, the control unit 17 issues a warning to the staff, informing them that there is a photovoltaic panel 11 with an excessive temperature. After the cleaning device 21 completes cleaning, it is cleaned, rehydrated, and recharged.

[0034] The first moving device 31 includes a first guide rail 32 parallel to the arrangement direction of the photovoltaic panels 11, a first guide wheel 33 mounted on the cleaning device 21, and a first guide wheel motor 34 that drives the first guide wheel 33 to rotate. The first guide rail 32 can be fixedly connected to the photovoltaic panel 11 frame to ensure the stability of the overall structure. The first guide wheel motor 34 drives the first guide wheel 33 to rotate through a gear set, and the first guide wheel 33 moves within the first guide rail 32. The first guide rail 32 has a U-shaped groove, into which the first guide wheel 33 is embedded. Auxiliary wheels for support can also be provided on both sides of the first guide wheel 33. The auxiliary wheels do not require additional power and are used to balance the forces on both sides of the first moving device 31.

[0035] A temperature sensor 12 is located at the center of the photovoltaic panel 11, ensuring that the measurement point is reached at equal positions around the photovoltaic panel 11, maximizing cost-effectiveness. Furthermore, for better heat conduction, a heat-conducting layer, preferably aluminum foil, is placed between the photovoltaic panel 11 and the temperature sensor 12. The temperature sensor 12 is connected to a control unit 17. The control unit 17 assigns a unique code to each temperature sensor 12 and matches the position of the photovoltaic panel 11 based on these codes. Specifically, it sorts the codes of the temperature sensors 12 corresponding to the arrangement of the photovoltaic panels 11. If any temperature sensor 12 detects a temperature higher than the primary temperature threshold, the control unit 17 can set a waiting time. If the temperature remains higher than the primary temperature threshold after the waiting time, the control unit 17 controls the first moving device 31 to move towards the photovoltaic panel 11 with the excessive temperature. Alternatively, if the temperature exceeds the secondary temperature threshold within the waiting time, and the secondary temperature threshold is higher than the primary temperature threshold, the control unit 17 controls the first moving device 31 to move towards the photovoltaic panel 11 with the excessive temperature. During the movement, the cleaning device 21 cleans the surface of the photovoltaic panel 11 that it passes through, and the cleaning motor 23 starts to rotate the cleaning roller 22.

[0036] In Example 2, since the photovoltaic panels 11 are not arranged in a single row, it would be costly to install a cleaning device 21 for each row. Therefore, based on Example 1, Example 2 addresses the issue of multiple rows of moving cleaning devices 21. The specific improvements are as follows: As shown in Figure 4, the cleaning device 21 is equipped with a first rotary motor 35, which is connected to a cleaning control module 13. The cleaning control module 13 receives the movement path sent by the control unit 17 and controls the first rotary motor 35 to rotate the first guide wheel 33 at a suitable position according to the movement path. Specifically, the output end of the first rotary motor 35 is equipped with a first rotary drive gear 36, which meshes with a first rotary driven gear 37. The first rotary driven gear 37 rotates synchronously with the first guide wheel 33. Due to the limited volume of the first moving device 31 in this technology, the first rotary motor 35 is relatively small. Therefore, a larger first intermediate wheel 40 is provided between the first rotary drive gear 36 and the first rotary driven gear 37. This increases the torque output of the rotary motor and allows the first intermediate wheel 40 to simultaneously drive the first guide wheels 33 on both sides to rotate synchronously.

[0037] The first rotary driven gear 37 is rotatably fixed to the cleaning device 21 via bearings. The first rotary driven gear 37 is horizontally positioned, and the top of the guide wheel frame of the first guide wheel 33 is fixedly connected to the first driven gear. The rotation center of the first guide wheel 33 is coaxial with the center of the first rotary driven gear 37, achieving rotational consistency between the first guide wheel 33 and the first rotary driven gear 37. The first rotary driven gear 37 has a through hole for the drive end of the first guide wheel motor 34 to pass through, and a transmission connection is established between the motor and the first guide wheel 33. When the first guide wheel 33 needs to rotate, the first guide wheel motor 34 drives the first rotary driving gear 36 to rotate, causing the first rotary driven gear 37 to rotate synchronously, thereby causing the first guide wheel 33 to rotate synchronously with the first guide wheel motor 34, achieving rotation of the first guide wheel 33 without affecting its driving mechanism.

[0038] The first guide rail 32 is provided with a first longitudinal guide rail 38 and a first transverse guide rail 39 that are perpendicular to each other. The first transverse guide rail 39 is parallel to the arrangement direction of the photovoltaic panels 11. The first transverse guide rail 39 is used to allow the cleaning device 21 to reach any photovoltaic panel 11 in the same row. The first longitudinal guide rail 38 is used to allow the cleaning device 21 to move and replace different photovoltaic panels 11 in the same row. A first steering cavity is provided at the connection between the first longitudinal guide rail 38 and the first transverse guide rail 39 for the first guide wheel 33 to rotate. In this technology, the first steering cavity is preferably a circular cavity.

[0039] In practical operation, the photovoltaic panel 11 may spontaneously combust due to a malfunction of the cleaning device 21 or the cleaning roller 22 failing to clean it. Therefore, a special mechanism is needed to isolate the spontaneously combusting photovoltaic panel 11. This technology, based on Embodiments 1 and 2, adds the following improvements to solve the above problems: As shown in Figures 5-8, the photovoltaic panel 11 is equipped with a scissor lift frame 14, consisting of two sets of intersecting, scissor-like X-shaped supports (scissor arms). An electric push rod 41 is also provided to push the scissor lift frame 14 to control its upward movement. By pushing the bottom of the scissor lift frame 14 with the electric push rod 41, the photovoltaic panel 11 is vertically lifted and lowered, making the spontaneously combusting photovoltaic panel 11 higher than the adjacent photovoltaic panels 11 on both sides, and the flame extends upwards, thus achieving the isolation effect. The electric push rod 41 is connected to the push rod control module 42. The push rod control module 42 is equipped with a push rod wireless communication module 43, which is used to receive the movement signal from the control unit 17. When the temperature of the photovoltaic panel 11 is seriously exceeded, the control unit 17 positions the photovoltaic panel 11, calculates the distance between the electric push rod 41 and the photovoltaic panel 11, and sends the generated movement data to the push rod control module 42. The push rod control module 42 controls the second moving device 51 to move.

[0040] The electric push rod 41 moves via a second moving device 51, the moving direction of which is parallel to the arrangement direction of the photovoltaic panels 11. The second moving device 51 includes a second guide rail 52 parallel to the arrangement direction of the photovoltaic panels 11, a second guide wheel 53 mounted on the electric push rod 41, and a second guide wheel motor 54 that controls the rotation of the second guide wheel 53. The second guide wheel motor 54 drives the second guide wheel 53 to rotate via a gear set, and the second guide wheel 53 moves within the second guide rail 52.

[0041] The electric push rod 41 is equipped with a second rotary motor 55. The output end of the second rotary motor 55 is equipped with a second rotary drive gear 56, which meshes with a second rotary driven gear 57. The second rotary driven gear 57 rotates synchronously with the second guide wheel 53. Due to the limited size of the second moving device 51 in this technology, the second rotary motor 55 is relatively small. Therefore, a larger second intermediate wheel 60 is provided between the second rotary drive gear 56 and the second rotary driven gear 57. This increases the torque output by the second rotary motor 55 and allows the second intermediate wheel 60 to simultaneously drive the second guide wheels 53 on both sides to rotate synchronously.

[0042] The second rotary driven gear 57 is rotatably fixed to the cleaning device 21 via bearings. The second rotary driven gear 57 is horizontally positioned, and the top of the guide wheel frame of the second guide wheel 53 is fixedly connected to the second driven gear. The rotation center of the second guide wheel 53 is coaxial with the center of the second rotary driven gear 57, achieving rotational consistency between the second guide wheel 53 and the second rotary driven gear 57. The second rotary driven gear 57 has a through hole for the drive end of the second guide wheel motor 54 to pass through, and is connected to the second guide wheel 53 for transmission. When the second guide wheel 53 needs to rotate, the second guide wheel motor 54 drives the second rotary driving gear 56 to rotate, causing the second rotary driven gear 57 to rotate synchronously, thereby causing the second guide wheel 53 to rotate synchronously with the second guide wheel motor 54, achieving rotation of the second guide wheel 53 without affecting its driving.

[0043] The second guide rail 52 has a second longitudinal guide rail 58 and a second transverse guide rail 59 that are perpendicular to each other. The second transverse guide rail 59 is parallel to the arrangement direction of the photovoltaic panels 11. The second transverse guide rail 59 is used to allow the cleaning device 21 to reach any photovoltaic panel 11 in the same row. The second longitudinal guide rail 58 is used to allow the cleaning device 21 to move and replace different photovoltaic panels 11 in the same row. Considering the size and structure of the cleaning device 21, in this technology, the second transverse guide rail 59 is set outside the first transverse guide rail 39. In this way, the cleaning device 21 does not need to provide space for the electric push rod 41, and the distance between the second transverse guide rail 59 and the first transverse guide rail 39 can be adjusted according to the width of the electric push rod 41. The second longitudinal guide rail 58 and the first longitudinal guide rail 38 are located on opposite sides of the photovoltaic device, thus avoiding the problem of the guide rails crossing each other; or the first transverse guide rail 39 and the second transverse guide rail 59 can be combined into a single transverse guide rail, so that the transverse guide rail and the two longitudinal guide rails form an H-shaped guide rail. In this way, the structure of the system guide rail is the simplest. The connection between the second longitudinal guide rail 58 and the second transverse guide rail 59 is provided with a second steering cavity for the second guide wheel 53 to rotate. The shape of the second steering cavity is the same as that of the first steering cavity, and it is used for the steering of the second guide wheel 53.

[0044] Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the specific working process of the systems, devices, apparatuses, modules or units described above can be referred to the corresponding process in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0045] The terms “first,” “second,” “third,” “fourth,” etc. (if present) in the specification and accompanying drawings of this application are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such quantities can be interchanged where appropriate so that the embodiments of this application described herein can be implemented, for example, in orders other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms “comprising” and “having,” and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that comprises a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products, or apparatus.

[0046] It should be understood that in this application, "at least one (item)" means one or more, and "more than" means two or more. "And / or" is used to describe the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, "A and / or B" can represent three cases: only A exists, only B exists, and both A and B exist simultaneously, where A and B can be singular or plural. The character " / " generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects are in an "or" relationship. "At least one (item) of the following" or similar expressions refer to any combination of these items, including any combination of single or plural items. For example, at least one (item) of a, b, or c can represent: a, b, c, "a and b", "a and c", "b and c", or "a and b and c", where a, b, and c can be single or multiple.

[0047] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, apparatuses, and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative; for instance, the division of units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be an indirect coupling or communication connection between apparatuses or units through some interfaces, and may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0048] The above-described embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and are not intended to limit them. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic system with anti-hot spot effect for cooling and surface cleaning of photovoltaic panels, characterized in that: The device includes rows of photovoltaic panels and a cleaning device that is perpendicular to and parallel to the photovoltaic panels. The cleaning device moves along the direction of the photovoltaic panels via a first moving device. Temperature sensors are installed on the photovoltaic panels and are connected to a control unit. If any temperature sensor detects a temperature higher than a temperature threshold, the control unit controls the first moving device to move toward the photovoltaic panel with the excessive temperature. During the movement, the cleaning device cleans the surface of the photovoltaic panels it passes.

2. A photovoltaic system with anti-hot spot effect according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cleaning device includes a cleaning roller and a cleaning motor that controls the rotation of the cleaning roller. The cleaning roller is perpendicular to the direction in which the photovoltaic panels are arranged and parallel to the surface of the photovoltaic panels.

3. A photovoltaic system with anti-hot spot effect according to claim 2, characterized in that: The rotation direction of the cleaning roller is opposite to the movement direction of the cleaning roller.

4. A photovoltaic system with anti-hot spot effect according to claim 2, characterized in that: The cleaning roller is a multi-layer composite roller, with a sponge core inside and a cleaning cloth layer wrapped around it.

5. A photovoltaic system with anti-hot spot effect according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first moving device includes a first guide rail parallel to the photovoltaic panel arrangement direction, a first guide wheel disposed on the cleaning device, and a first guide wheel motor that drives the first guide wheel to rotate. The first guide wheel motor drives the first guide wheel to rotate through a gear set, and the first guide wheel moves in the first guide rail.

6. A photovoltaic system with anti-hot spot effect according to claim 5, characterized in that: The cleaning device is equipped with a first rotary motor, and the output end of the first rotary motor is equipped with a first rotary drive gear. The first rotary drive gear meshes with a first rotary driven gear, and the first rotary driven gear rotates synchronously with the first guide wheel. The first guide rail is equipped with a first longitudinal guide rail and a first transverse guide rail that are perpendicular to each other. The first transverse guide rail is parallel to the photovoltaic panel arrangement direction. The connection between the first longitudinal guide rail and the first transverse guide rail is provided with a first steering cavity for the first guide wheel to rotate.

7. A photovoltaic system with anti-hot spot effect according to claim 1, characterized in that: The photovoltaic panel is equipped with a scissor lift frame and an electric push rod for pushing the scissor lift frame to control its upward movement. The electric push rod moves through a second moving device, the moving direction of which is parallel to the arrangement direction of the photovoltaic panel.

8. A photovoltaic system with anti-hot spot effect according to claim 7, characterized in that: The second moving device includes a second guide rail parallel to the photovoltaic panel arrangement direction, a second guide wheel mounted on an electric push rod, and a second guide wheel motor that controls the rotation of the second guide wheel. The second guide wheel motor drives the second guide wheel to rotate through a gear set, and the second guide wheel moves in the second guide rail.

9. A photovoltaic system with anti-hot spot effect according to claim 8, characterized in that: The electric push rod is equipped with a second rotary motor, and the output end of the second rotary motor is equipped with a second rotary drive gear. The second rotary drive gear meshes with a second rotary driven gear, and the second rotary driven gear rotates synchronously with the second guide wheel. The second guide rail is equipped with a second longitudinal guide rail and a second transverse guide rail that are perpendicular to each other. The second transverse guide rail is parallel to the photovoltaic panel arrangement direction. The connection between the second longitudinal guide rail and the second transverse guide rail is equipped with a second steering cavity for the second guide wheel to rotate.

10. A photovoltaic system with anti-hot spot effect according to claim 1, characterized in that: A heat-conducting layer is provided between the photovoltaic panel and the temperature sensor.

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