Slurry pumping test device and method for displaying migration rule of internal particles

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of railroad bed tests, and particularly provides a frost boiling and mud pumping test device and method for displaying an internal particle migration rule. The railway roadbed mud pumping test device comprises a model box, a loading assembly, a water supply assembly, a monitoring assembly and an observation assembly, wherein a particle filler layer and a railway ballast filler layer in the model box form a roadbed sample. The water supply assembly can supply water into the model box, so that the water infiltrates the model box to a specified height, and then the loading mechanism applies a vibration load to the railway ballast filler layer through the loading plate to simulate a roadbed frost pumping phenomenon. During the test, the monitoring assembly monitors the migration change conditions of matrix suction, pore water pressure and moisture, and the observation assembly scans and observes the interior of the model box, so that the particle migration rule in the model box can be displayed on the display; and the migration rule of the particles in the whole roadbed sample is visually observed, so that assistance is provided for the research of railway roadbed mud pumping.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of railway roadbed testing, and in particular relates to a mud bubbling and mud bubbling testing device and method for displaying the migration law of internal particles. Background Art

[0002] The railway subgrade is an important structure that bears the load of trains and superstructures, and mud bubbling is the most common disease phenomenon of the railway subgrade. When mud bubbling occurs, the subgrade is repeatedly affected by water soaking and train vibration loads, and the mud is squeezed and sucked upward through the roadbed, causing the track to be in poor condition. Mud bubbling has a significant impact on the safe operation of railway trains and the smoothness of the railway, and will increase the subsequent maintenance costs and safety hazards of the railway. It is a subgrade disease problem that needs to be solved urgently.

[0003] At present, scholars at home and abroad generally believe that the occurrence of mud and mud disease is caused by the migration of fine particles inside the roadbed under the coupling of rainfall wetting and train dynamic loads, but there is no conclusion on the cause and law of particle migration. The simulation test for mud and mud in the existing technology lacks an effective means to monitor the migration of particles inside the sample. The test box can only be designed to be transparent, and the mud and mud mechanism is analyzed and studied by observing the surface of the sample, which makes the research results have certain deviations. Summary of the invention

[0004] The embodiment of the present invention provides a mud bubbling test device and method for displaying the internal particle migration law, aiming to solve the problem that there is a lack of effective means for monitoring the particle migration situation inside the mud bubbling test sample in the prior art.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: In a first aspect, the present invention provides a mud boiling test device for displaying the internal particle migration law, comprising: The model box has a soil sample storage cavity, a avoidance port is provided on the top of the soil sample storage cavity, a water inlet is provided on the side wall of the soil sample storage cavity, and a particle filling layer and a ballast filling layer are sequentially provided in the soil sample storage cavity from bottom to top; A loading assembly, comprising a loading mechanism and a loading plate, wherein the loading plate is disposed above the ballast filling layer, and the loading mechanism is used to drive the loading plate to move vertically; A water supply assembly, connected to the water inlet; A monitoring component, comprising a high-range tensiometer and a micro TDR moisture sensor respectively disposed in the soil sample storage chamber; and The observation component includes an X-ray emitting mechanism, an X-ray receiving mechanism and a display. The X-ray emitting mechanism and the X-ray receiving mechanism are arranged on two sides of the model box opposite to each other, and the display is electrically connected to the X-ray receiving mechanism.

[0006] In a possible implementation, the mud boiling test device for displaying the internal particle migration law further includes a support assembly, and the support assembly includes: A base is arranged horizontally, and the model box is arranged on the upper surface of the base; A column, vertically arranged on the base; and A crossbeam is arranged on the column in a horizontal direction and is located above the model box, and the loading mechanism is arranged on the crossbeam.

[0007] In a possible implementation, the water supply component includes: A water tank, wherein fluorescent tracer particles are added to the water in the water tank; a water delivery pipe connected between the water tank and the water inlet; and A valve is arranged on the water pipe.

[0008] In a possible implementation, the ballast filler layer is a quartz stone filler having properties similar to those of the ballast material.

[0009] In a possible implementation, the observation component also includes a track, which is annular, the model box is located at the center of the track, the X-ray emitting mechanism and the X-ray receiving mechanism are respectively movably arranged on the track, and the X-ray emitting mechanism and the X-ray receiving mechanism are relatively arranged at a distance of 180°.

[0010] In a possible implementation, the high-range tensiometer is provided in plurality from top to bottom, and the micro TDR moisture sensor is provided in plurality from top to bottom.

[0011] In a possible implementation, the model box is made of transparent organic glass.

[0012] In a possible implementation, two water inlets are provided on the side wall of the soil sample storage chamber, and the two water inlets are spaced apart from each other, wherein the height of the lower water inlet corresponds to the granular filler layer, and the height of the upper water inlet corresponds to the ballast filler layer; The water supply assembly includes a first water supply unit and a second water supply unit. The first water supply unit is connected to the water inlet located below, and is used to transport a first liquid containing fluorescent tracer particles into the soil sample storage chamber; the second water supply unit is connected to the water inlet located above, and is used to transport a second liquid that does not contain fluorescent tracer particles into the soil sample storage chamber, and the density of the second liquid is less than the density of the first liquid.

[0013] In a possible implementation, the railway roadbed mud boiling experiment device further includes a fluorescent tracer particle release component, and the fluorescent tracer particle release component includes: A bottom plate, arranged at the bottom of the soil sample storage chamber; A plurality of guide posts are arranged at intervals on the upper surface of the bottom plate, and the guide posts are arranged along the vertical direction; A plurality of adjustment rings are arranged on the guide posts in a one-to-one correspondence and are matched with the corresponding guide post threads; A pressing plate is arranged above the adjusting ring and is slidably matched with the guide column, and the particle filling layer is arranged above the pressing plate; A plurality of elastic members are disposed on the guide column in a one-to-one correspondence, two ends of the elastic members are respectively in contact with the adjustment ring and the pressure plate, and are configured with a pre-tightening force to move the pressure plate upward; and The water-absorbing sponge is arranged between the pressing plate and the bottom plate, and the water-absorbing sponge absorbs the third liquid containing fluorescent tracer particles.

[0014] In a possible implementation, the density of the third liquid is greater than that of water, the height of the water inlet is higher than the pressure plate, and the pressure plate has a water-permeable hole that penetrates the thickness of the pressure plate.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the mud boiling test device for displaying the internal particle migration law provided by the present invention are: The mud-swelling test device for displaying the internal particle migration law provided by the present invention comprises a model box, a loading component, a water supply component, a monitoring component and an observation component. A particle filling layer of fine-grained soil and a ballast filling layer of rock are provided in the model box, and the particle filling layer and the ballast filling layer constitute a roadbed sample. The water supply component can supply water to the model box so that the water infiltrates to the specified height of the roadbed sample, and then the loading mechanism applies a vibration load to the ballast filling layer through the loading plate to simulate the mud-swelling phenomenon of the roadbed. During the test, on the one hand, the matrix suction and pore water pressure can be monitored by a high-range tensiometer arranged inside the model box, and the migration change of water can be monitored by a micro TDR moisture sensor. On the other hand, in the process of simulating mud-swelling, the inside of the model box can be scanned and observed by emitting X-rays through the observation component, so that the particle migration law inside the model box can be displayed on the display, and the migration law of particles inside the entire roadbed sample can be visualized. Observation, thereby providing assistance for the research on mud-swelling of railway roadbed.

[0016] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for testing mud bubbling for displaying the law of internal particle migration, which is implemented by using the mud bubbling test device for displaying the law of internal particle migration described in any of the above implementations, and includes the following steps: Install a high-range tensiometer and a micro TDR moisture sensor on the inner wall of the model box; Weigh the fine-grained soil sample and evenly fill it into the soil sample storage cavity. When the fine-grained soil sample is filled to the designed height of the particle filling layer, the filling is completed; Weigh the rock sample and evenly fill it into the soil sample storage cavity. When the rock sample is filled to the designed height of the ballast filling layer, the filling is completed; Install the loading assembly so that the lower surface of the loading plate fits the upper surface of the ballast packing layer; Fix the model box, connect the water inlet with the water supply assembly, and inject water into the soil sample storage chamber. When the designed water level is reached, stop injecting water. According to the dynamic load size and frequency designed in the test plan, the loading mechanism is started to carry out the simulation test. During the test, the observation component is started to monitor the migration law of particles inside the model box; After the number of loading cycles of the loading mechanism reaches the number designed in the test plan, the loading mechanism is closed and the test is ended.

[0017] The mud boiling test method for displaying the internal particle migration law provided by the present invention is implemented by the mud boiling test device for displaying the internal particle migration law described in any of the above-mentioned implementation methods, and has the same technical effect as the above-mentioned implementation methods, which will not be repeated here. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 A schematic structural diagram of a first embodiment of a railway roadbed mud boiling test device provided by the present invention; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of the model box and the monitoring assembly in the second embodiment of the railway roadbed mud boiling test device provided by the present invention; Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of the model box, the monitoring component and the tracer particle release component in the third embodiment of the railway roadbed mud boiling test device provided by the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the fluorescent tracer particle release component in Example 3 of the railway roadbed mud and oozing test device provided by the present invention.

[0019] Description of reference numerals: 10. Model box; 11. Water inlet; 12. Granular filling layer; 13. Ballast filling layer; 20. Loading assembly; 21. Loading mechanism; 22. Loading plate; 30. Water supply assembly; 31. Water tank; 32. Water pipe; 33. Valve; 40. Monitoring assembly; 41. High-range tensiometer; 42. Micro TDR moisture sensor; 50. Observation assembly; 51. X-ray emitting mechanism; 52. X-ray receiving mechanism; 60. Support assembly; 61. Base; 62. Column; 63. Beam; 70. Fluorescent tracer particle release assembly; 71. Bottom plate; 72. Guide column; 73. Adjustment ring; 74. Pressure plate; 75. Elastic part; 76. Water-absorbing sponge. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and beneficial effects to be solved by the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0021] Please also read Figures 1 to 4 , a mud boiling test device for displaying the internal particle migration law provided by the present invention is described below.

[0022] See also Figure 1 Embodiment 1, and Figure 2Embodiment 2 A mud-boiling test device for displaying the migration law of internal particles provided by the present invention comprises a model box 10 , a loading component 20 , a water supply component 30 , a monitoring component 40 and an observation component 50 . The model box 10 has a soil sample storage cavity, a avoidance port is provided on the top of the soil sample storage cavity, a water inlet 11 is provided on the side wall of the soil sample storage cavity, and a granular filling layer 12 and a ballast filling layer 13 are provided in the soil sample storage cavity from bottom to top; the loading component 20 includes a loading mechanism 21 and a loading plate 22, the loading plate 22 is arranged above the ballast filling layer 13, and the loading mechanism 21 is used to drive the loading plate 22 to move vertically; the water supply component 30 is connected to the water inlet 11; the monitoring component 40 includes a high-range tensiometer 41 and a micro TDR moisture sensor 42 respectively arranged in the soil sample storage cavity; the observation component 50 includes an X-ray transmitting mechanism 51, an X-ray receiving mechanism 52 and a display, the X-ray transmitting mechanism 51 and the X-ray receiving mechanism 52 are relatively arranged on both sides of the model box 10, and the display is electrically connected to the X-ray receiving mechanism 52.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the mud boiling test device for displaying the internal particle migration law provided by the present invention are: The present invention provides a mud-swelling test device for displaying the internal particle migration law, which includes a model box 10, a loading component 20, a water supply component 30, a monitoring component 40 and an observation component 50. The model box 10 is provided with a particle filling layer 12 of fine-grained soil and a ballast filling layer 13 of rock. The particle filling layer 12 and the ballast filling layer 13 constitute a roadbed sample. The water supply component 30 can supply water to the model box 10, so that the water infiltrates to a specified height of the roadbed sample, and then the loading mechanism 21 applies a vibration load to the ballast filling layer 13 through the loading plate 22 to simulate the mud-swelling phenomenon of the roadbed. During the test, on the one hand, the matrix suction and pore water pressure can be monitored by a high-range tensiometer 41 arranged inside the model box 10, and the migration change of water can be monitored by a micro TDR moisture sensor 42. On the other hand, during the simulation of mud bubbling, the observation component 50 can emit X-rays to scan and observe the inside of the model box 10, so that the migration pattern of particles inside the model box 10 can be displayed on the display, and the migration pattern of particles inside the entire roadbed sample can be visualized, thereby providing support for the study of mud bubbling on railway roadbeds.

[0024] In this embodiment, the model box 10 can be a box in a square, cylindrical or other shape. The material of the model box 10 can be made of transparent, highly transmissive, high-strength organic glass that can allow X-rays to pass smoothly. The granular filler layer 12 is made of fine granular soil, and the ballast filler layer 13 can be paved with transparent or translucent quartz stone, and the quartz stone is made of a material with similar properties to the ballast material.

[0025] A high-range tensiometer 41 is provided on one side of the model box 10, and a micro TDR moisture sensor 42 is provided on the other side of the model box 10 for monitoring the migration change of moisture. The high-range tensiometer 41 has a positive range and a negative range, such as a range of -500kPa-1MPa. When the range is negative, it is used to measure matrix suction, and when the range is positive, it is used to measure pore water pressure. This arrangement can reduce the number of sensors used, and the high-range tensiometer 41 is small in size, and the disturbance and damage to the sample are small, which helps to improve the test accuracy.

[0026] The sensing probe of the high-range tensiometer 41 adopts a microporous filter membrane, which can shorten the time for the matrix base force balance.

[0027] The loading mechanism 21 may adopt a vibration motor or an electro-hydraulic servo loading system, and the maximum loading frequency may reach 10 Hz. A load sensor and a displacement sensor may be provided on the loading mechanism 21 to realize accurate loading and displacement deformation monitoring.

[0028] The water supply assembly 30 is used to add water to the model box 10 to a preset water level through the water inlet 11. The water inlet 11 can be set near the bottom of the model box 10 to allow water to infiltrate from bottom to top to simulate groundwater, or it can be set on the upper part of the model box 10 to simulate rainwater.

[0029] The observation component 50 includes an X-ray emitting mechanism 51, an X-ray receiving mechanism 52 and a display. The X-ray emitting mechanism 51 emits a high-energy X-ray source, which passes through the model box 10 and is received by the X-ray receiving mechanism 52, and the image result is displayed on the display.

[0030] See also Figure 1 A mud-boiling test device for displaying the law of internal particle migration also includes a support assembly 60, which includes a base 61, a column 62 and a crossbeam 63. The base 61 is arranged horizontally, and the model box 10 is arranged on the upper surface of the base 61; the column 62 is arranged vertically on the base 61; the crossbeam 63 is arranged horizontally on the column 62 and is located above the model box 10, and the loading mechanism 21 is arranged on the crossbeam 63. In this embodiment, the base 61 is used to support and fix the model box 10, the column 62 is arranged vertically, and is used to support the crossbeam 63, and the loading mechanism 21 is arranged on the crossbeam 63.

[0031] See also Figure 1 The water supply assembly 30 includes a water tank 31, a water pipe 32 and a valve 33. Fluorescent tracer particles are added to the water in the water tank 31; the water pipe 32 is connected between the water tank 31 and the water inlet 11; the valve 33 is arranged on the water pipe 32, and the valve 33 can be a mechanical valve such as a ball valve, or an electric control valve such as a solenoid valve.

[0032] In order to observe the internal particle migration law of the model box 10 from different directions, the observation component 50 also includes a track. The track is annular, and the model box 10 is located at the center of the track. The X-ray emitting mechanism 51 and the X-ray receiving mechanism 52 are respectively movably arranged on the track, and the X-ray emitting mechanism 51 and the X-ray receiving mechanism 52 are relatively arranged with an interval of 180°. The X-ray emitting mechanism 51 and the X-ray receiving mechanism 52 are driven by a mobile vehicle, a motor ring gear structure, etc. to rotate around the model box 10 at the same time, so that 360° perspective observation can be performed along the model box 10.

[0033] See also Figure 1 In order to accurately understand and analyze the particle size and gradation state parameters at different heights of the roadbed sample, a plurality of high-range tensiometers 41 are provided from top to bottom, and a plurality of micro TDR moisture sensors 42 are provided from top to bottom.

[0034] See also Figure 2 In the second embodiment, two water inlets 11 are provided on the side wall of the soil sample storage cavity, and the two water inlets 11 are spaced apart from each other, wherein the height of the lower water inlet 11 corresponds to the particle filling layer 12, and the height of the upper water inlet 11 corresponds to the ballast filling layer 13; the water supply assembly 30 includes a first water supply unit and a second water supply unit, the first water supply unit is connected to the lower water inlet 11, and is used to transport a first liquid containing fluorescent tracer particles into the soil sample storage cavity; the second water supply unit is connected to the upper water inlet 11, and is used to transport a second liquid containing no fluorescent tracer particles into the soil sample storage cavity, and the density of the second liquid is less than the density of the first liquid.

[0035] In this embodiment, the water supply component 30 includes a first water supply unit and a second water supply unit. Before the test, the first liquid (such as saturated salt water) is supplied to the model box 10 through the first water supply unit. The density of the first liquid (such as saturated salt water) is relatively large and contains fluorescent tracer particles. The role of the fluorescent tracer particles is to facilitate the observation component 50 to better observe the particle migration law inside the model box 10. The second liquid (such as pure water) is supplied to the model box 10 through the second water supply unit. The density of the second liquid is smaller than that of the first liquid. Optionally, in actual operation, the first liquid can be introduced first, and then the second liquid. The second liquid can also be introduced first, and then the first liquid. The order of introduction of the first liquid and the second liquid can be determined according to factors such as the density of the two and whether they are miscible, so as to maintain a good stratification effect before the experiment.

[0036] Since the density of the first liquid is greater than that of the second liquid, before the loading mechanism 21 is started, the first liquid and the second liquid are in a layered state, and the fluorescent tracer particles are also mainly concentrated in the first liquid below the soil sample storage cavity, that is, in the particle filling layer 12. In this way, when the loading mechanism 21 applies a load to the ballast filling layer 13 through the pressing plate 74, the fluorescent tracer particles migrate together with the particle filling layer 12, and the observation component 50 can clearly and intuitively observe the migration law of the particles inside the particle filling layer 12 through the fluorescent tracer particles.

[0037] See also Figure 3 and Figure 4 In the third embodiment, a railway roadbed mud experiment device also includes a fluorescent tracer particle release assembly 70, and the fluorescent tracer particle release assembly 70 includes a bottom plate 71, a plurality of guide columns 72, a plurality of adjustment rings 73, a pressure plate 74, a plurality of elastic members 75 and a water-absorbing sponge 76. The bottom plate 71 is arranged at the bottom of the soil sample storage chamber; a plurality of guide posts 72 are arranged at intervals on the upper surface of the bottom plate 71, and the guide posts 72 are arranged in the vertical direction; a plurality of adjustment rings 73 are arranged on the guide posts 72 in a one-to-one correspondence, and are threadedly matched with the corresponding guide posts 72; a pressure plate 74 is arranged above the adjustment ring 73, and is slidably matched with the guide posts 72, and a granular filler layer 12 is arranged above the pressure plate 74, and the pressure plate 74 has a water-permeable hole for observing its own thickness, and a plurality of water-permeable holes are provided and evenly distributed; a plurality of elastic members 75 are arranged on the guide posts 72 in a one-to-one correspondence, and the elastic members 75 are springs, and the two ends of the springs are respectively in contact with the adjustment ring 73 and the pressure plate 74, and are configured with a pre-tightening force to move the pressure plate 74 upward; a water-absorbing sponge 76 is arranged between the pressure plate 74 and the bottom plate 71, and the water-absorbing sponge 76 absorbs a third liquid containing fluorescent tracer particles.

[0038] See also Figure 3 In some possible embodiments, the density of the third liquid is greater than that of water, and the height of the water inlet 11 is higher than the pressure plate 74 .

[0039] In this embodiment, the water-absorbing sponge 76 absorbs the third liquid (such as saturated salt water) and fluorescent tracer particles, which can enrich the fluorescent tracer particles in the water-absorbing sponge 76. When conducting the test, the load applied by the loading component 20 to the particle filling layer 12 and the ballast filling layer 13 is transmitted to the pressing plate 74, and the pressing plate 74 presses the water-absorbing sponge 76 downward, so that the third liquid and fluorescent tracer particles absorbed by the water-absorbing sponge 76 are squeezed into the particle filling layer 12 above through its own water-permeable holes, and can migrate with the particle filling layer 12, so that the observation component 50 can clearly record the migration law of the internal particles when the slurry and mud phenomenon occurs inside the particle filling layer 12.

[0040] In order to ensure that the fluorescent tracer particles can be released in time during the test, before the test, it should be ensured that the lower surface of the pressure plate 74 is in contact with the upper surface of the absorbent sponge 76. Before the experiment, it is necessary to first calculate the mass of the particle filling layer 12 and the ballast filling layer 13, and calculate the downward pressure applied to the pressure plate 74 based on the mass of the filling layer. According to the different pressures on the pressure plate 74, the height of the adjustment ring 73 is changed by rotating the adjustment ring 73, thereby changing the preload force of the elastic member 75. By providing an adjustable adjustment ring 73, when conducting tests of different materials and different filling layer thicknesses, the pressure plate 74 can be in contact with the upper surface of the absorbent sponge 76, ensuring that the fluorescent tracer particles can be released in time during the test.

[0041] In the second aspect, the present invention provides a mud bubbling test method for displaying the law of internal particle migration, comprising the following steps: installing and inspecting the mud bubbling test device for displaying the law of internal particle migration; installing a high-range tensiometer 41 and a micro TDR moisture sensor 42 on the inner wall of a model box 10; weighing a fine-grained soil sample, and evenly filling the fine-grained soil sample into a soil sample storage cavity, and when the fine-grained soil sample is filled to the designed height of a particle filling layer 12, the filling is completed; weighing a rock sample, and evenly filling the rock sample into the soil sample storage cavity, and when the rock sample is filled to the designed height of a ballast filling layer 13, the rock sample is filled to the designed height of a ballast filling layer 13. , complete the filling; install the loading assembly 20, so that the lower surface of the loading plate 22 is in contact with the upper surface of the ballast filling layer 13; fix the model box 10, connect the water inlet 11 with the water supply assembly 30, and inject water into the soil sample storage cavity. The water contains fluorescent tracer particles. When the designed water level is reached, stop injecting water; according to the dynamic load size and frequency designed in the test plan, start the loading mechanism 21 to carry out a simulation test. During the test, start the observation assembly 50 to monitor the migration law of particles inside the model box 10; after the number of loading cycles of the loading mechanism 21 reaches the number designed in the test plan, close the loading mechanism 21 and end the test.

[0042] During the experiment, the magnitude and frequency of the dynamic load, the water level, the dynamic stress value in the vertical direction of the roadbed sample, the pore water pressure in different layers of soil samples, and the volumetric water content are measured in real time. After the test, the particle migration image inside the filler layer taken by the observation component 50 is viewed, and the particle size and gradation state parameters at different heights of the soil layer are analyzed in combination with the actual roadbed sample.

[0043] The device of the present invention can simulate the phenomenon of mud bubbling in the railway roadbed, and can test different dynamic load sizes, frequencies and forms, different water contents and filler layers. In the present invention, transparent, high-strength, high-projection organic glass is used as the material of the model box 10, and the water supply component 30 can simulate the groundwater seepage movement inside the roadbed. Fluorescent tracer particles are dissolved in the water, and quartz stone is used as the ballast filler layer 13. Combined with the X-ray emitting mechanism 51 and the X-ray receiving mechanism 52, the migration changes of internal particles can be better observed than the traditional test device.

[0044] It can be understood that the various parts in the above-mentioned embodiments can be freely combined or deleted to form different combination embodiments. The specific contents of each combination embodiment will not be repeated here. After this description, it can be considered that the specification of the present invention has recorded various combination embodiments and can support different combination embodiments.

[0045] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A mud-boiling test device for displaying the internal particle migration law, characterized in that: include: The model box has a soil sample storage cavity, a avoidance port is provided on the top of the soil sample storage cavity, a water inlet is provided on the side wall of the soil sample storage cavity, and a particle filling layer and a ballast filling layer are sequentially provided in the soil sample storage cavity from bottom to top; A loading assembly, comprising a loading mechanism and a loading plate, wherein the loading plate is disposed above the ballast filling layer, and the loading mechanism is used to drive the loading plate to move vertically; A water supply assembly, connected to the water inlet; A monitoring component, comprising a high-range tensiometer and a micro TDR moisture sensor respectively disposed in the soil sample storage cavity; as well as The observation component includes an X-ray emitting mechanism, an X-ray receiving mechanism and a display. The X-ray emitting mechanism and the X-ray receiving mechanism are arranged on two sides of the model box opposite to each other, and the display is electrically connected to the X-ray receiving mechanism.

2. The mud boiling test device for displaying the internal particle migration law according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The mud boiling test device for displaying the internal particle migration law also includes a support assembly, and the support assembly includes: A base is arranged horizontally, and the model box is arranged on the upper surface of the base; A column, vertically arranged on the base; and A crossbeam is arranged on the column in a horizontal direction and is located above the model box, and the loading mechanism is arranged on the crossbeam.

3. The mud boiling test device for displaying the internal particle migration law according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water supply assembly comprises: A water tank, wherein fluorescent tracer particles are added to the water in the water tank; a water delivery pipe connected between the water tank and the water inlet; and A valve is arranged on the water pipe.

4. The mud boiling test device for displaying the internal particle migration law according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ballast filling layer is quartz stone filling.

5. The mud boiling test device for displaying the internal particle migration law according to claim 1, characterized in that: The observation component also includes a track, which is annular. The model box is located at the center of the track. The X-ray emitting mechanism and the X-ray receiving mechanism are respectively movably arranged on the track, and the X-ray emitting mechanism and the X-ray receiving mechanism are relatively arranged at a spacing of 180°.

6. The mud boiling test device for displaying the internal particle migration law according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high-range tensiometers are provided in plurality from top to bottom, and the micro TDR moisture sensors are provided in plurality from top to bottom.

7. The mud boiling test device for displaying the internal particle migration law according to claim 1, characterized in that: The model box is made of transparent organic glass.

8. The mud boiling test device for displaying the internal particle migration law according to claim 1, characterized in that: The side wall of the soil sample storage chamber is provided with two water inlets, which are spaced apart from each other, wherein the height of the lower water inlet corresponds to the particle filling layer, and the height of the upper water inlet corresponds to the ballast filling layer; The water supply assembly includes a first water supply unit and a second water supply unit. The first water supply unit is connected to the water inlet located below, and is used to transport a first liquid containing fluorescent tracer particles into the soil sample storage chamber; the second water supply unit is connected to the water inlet located above, and is used to transport a second liquid that does not contain fluorescent tracer particles into the soil sample storage chamber, and the density of the second liquid is less than the density of the first liquid.

9. The mud boiling test device for displaying the internal particle migration law according to claim 1, characterized in that: The railway roadbed mud boiling experimental device further includes a fluorescent tracer particle release component, and the fluorescent tracer particle release component includes: A bottom plate, arranged at the bottom of the soil sample storage chamber; A plurality of guide posts are arranged at intervals on the upper surface of the bottom plate, and the guide posts are arranged along the vertical direction; A plurality of adjustment rings are arranged on the guide posts in a one-to-one correspondence and are matched with the corresponding guide post threads; A pressing plate is arranged above the adjusting ring and is slidably matched with the guide column. The particle filler layer is arranged above the pressing plate. The pressing plate has a water-permeable hole for observing its own thickness. A plurality of elastic members are disposed on the guide column in a one-to-one correspondence, two ends of the elastic members are respectively in contact with the adjustment ring and the pressure plate, and are configured with a pre-tightening force to move the pressure plate upward; and The water-absorbing sponge is arranged between the pressing plate and the bottom plate, and the water-absorbing sponge absorbs the third liquid containing fluorescent tracer particles.

10. A mud boiling test method for showing the internal particle migration law, characterized in that: The method is implemented by using the mud boiling test device for displaying the internal particle migration law as described in any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising the following steps: Install a high-range tensiometer and a micro TDR moisture sensor on the inner wall of the model box; Weigh the fine-grained soil sample and evenly fill it into the soil sample storage cavity. When the fine-grained soil sample is filled to the designed height of the particle filling layer, the filling is completed; Weigh the rock sample and evenly fill it into the soil sample storage cavity. When the rock sample is filled to the designed height of the ballast filling layer, the filling is completed; Install the loading assembly so that the lower surface of the loading plate fits the upper surface of the ballast packing layer; Fix the model box, connect the water inlet with the water supply assembly, and inject water into the soil sample storage chamber. When the designed water level is reached, stop injecting water. According to the dynamic load size and frequency designed in the test plan, the loading mechanism is started to conduct the test. During the test, the observation component is started to monitor the migration law of particles inside the model box; After the number of loading cycles of the loading mechanism reaches the number required by the test plan, the loading mechanism is closed and the test ends.

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