Design and construction methods of automobile test field roads

Abstract

This invention discloses a method for designing and constructing roads in automobile proving grounds. The method includes: using laser scanning technology to obtain key features of existing road sections that meet design requirements; establishing a BIM digital model of a special road based on the key features and dividing the road into sections; generating a 3D printing template file for each road section; printing the road template according to the 3D printing template file to obtain a 3D printed template; prefabricating the road sections in batches in a prefabrication yard based on the 3D printed template; and installing the road sections according to the road type. The present invention ensures consistent engineering features for the same type of special road constructed at different automobile proving grounds, thereby improving construction efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of automobile test field construction, and in particular to a method for designing and constructing a road in an automobile test field. Background Art

[0002] An automotive proving ground is a location for road testing of vehicles and is a critical link in the development, testing, and production of vehicles. Currently, the construction of automotive proving grounds primarily relies on traditional design and construction methods, which require detailed design drawings to be drawn up and then strictly adhered to. Construction accuracy depends entirely on the construction skills, and the same road can vary significantly between proving grounds. This is especially true when replicating damaged pavement or working on uneven roads with uneven elevation changes. Due to varying construction techniques, the same road can produce significant differences across different proving grounds, making test consistency difficult to guarantee.

[0003] For example, traditional construction methods are used to replicate some randomly occurring special road conditions, which cannot ensure that two roads under the same construction standard are identical and consistent, resulting in a low degree of fit between the finished roads and the design drawings. This in turn causes deviations in the test results for the same road at different test sites, affecting test accuracy. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention provides a method for designing and constructing a road in an automobile test field, so as to ensure the consistency of engineering features of special roads of the same type constructed in different automobile test fields and to improve construction efficiency.

[0005] To this end, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] A method for designing and constructing a road in an automobile testing ground, the method comprising:

[0007] Use laser scanning technology to obtain key features of existing road sections that meet design requirements;

[0008] Establish a special road BIM digital model based on the key features of the road and divide the road into sections;

[0009] Generate 3D printing template files for each road section;

[0010] Print a road template according to the 3D printing template file to obtain a 3D printing template;

[0011] Prefabricate road slabs in batches in a prefabrication yard according to the 3D printed template;

[0012] Depending on the type of road, the road slabs are installed.

[0013] Optionally, the method further includes:

[0014] Determine the key features of the road to be built based on the design plan determined by the builder for the construction requirements of the special road in the test site;

[0015] The road sections meeting the design requirements are screened from existing roads according to the key features.

[0016] Optionally, the key features of the existing road section that meets the design requirements obtained by laser scanning technology include:

[0017] For existing road sections that meet the design requirements, multi-site scanning is performed using a laser scanner to obtain scanning data;

[0018] Key features are extracted from the scan data.

[0019] Optionally, performing multi-site scanning using a laser scanner to obtain scanning data includes:

[0020] For smaller road sections, scanning is done by placing stations at certain intervals;

[0021] For road sections with larger areas, vehicle-mounted laser scanners are used for scanning.

[0022] Optionally, extracting key features from the scan data includes:

[0023] analyzing spatial distribution and statistical characteristics of the scan data;

[0024] Identifying and extracting key features from the scanned data, wherein the key features include any one or more of the following: test site road boundaries, markings, signs, and obstacles;

[0025] classifying the scanned data to identify different types of proving ground road elements;

[0026] The key areas of the proving ground road are determined, and different types of proving ground road elements are optimized and reorganized according to the key areas to obtain key units.

[0027] Optionally, establishing a special road BIM digital model according to the key features of the road includes:

[0028] Arrange the plates according to the key units and the key features of the road to generate design drawings of the special road;

[0029] A BIM digital model of the special road is established based on the design drawings and plate scanning files of the special road.

[0030] Optionally, the dividing the road segments includes dividing the road segments according to the following principle: the size of the road segments produced at a time satisfies that the road feature points are not damaged by construction joints.

[0031] Optionally, generating a 3D printing template file for each road segment includes:

[0032] Draw templates for each road section;

[0033] Generate a BIM model and 3D printing template file of the road section.

[0034] Optionally, a metal 3D printing process is used to print the road template to obtain a 3D printed template.

[0035] Optionally, the method further comprises: when prefabricating the road slabs in batches, pre-embedding connectors or fixing devices on the road slabs.

[0036] The automobile proving ground road design and construction method provided by the present invention uses laser scanning technology to obtain key features of existing road sections that meet design requirements; creates a special road BIM digital model based on the key road features and divides the road into sections; generates a 3D printing template file for each road section; prints the road template according to the 3D printing template file to obtain a 3D printed template; prefabricates the road sections in batches at a prefabrication yard based on the 3D printed template; and installs the road sections according to the road type. The automobile proving ground road design and construction method provided by the present invention can improve construction efficiency while ensuring consistency in the engineering features of the same type of special road constructed at different proving grounds. This provides a unified test standard road for different proving grounds, thereby ensuring the accuracy of test results for the same road type at different proving grounds. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] To more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be derived from these drawings without inventive effort.

[0038] Figure 1 The present invention provides a flow chart of a method for designing and constructing a road in an automobile testing ground according to an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] The following describes the specific embodiments of the present invention in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to illustrate and explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0040] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the solutions of the present invention, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0041] In response to the problem that the existing road construction method of automobile testing grounds cannot meet the requirements of the same construction standard for two roads to be identical and consistent, an embodiment of the present invention provides a road design and construction method for automobile testing grounds. Key feature points are extracted through laser scanning, the feature points are modeled, and then the road prefabricated templates are printed using 3D printing technology. The printed road templates are placed in a prefabrication site for road slab prefabrication construction.

[0042] like Figure 1 FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for designing and constructing a road in an automobile testing ground according to an embodiment of the present invention, comprising the following steps:

[0043] Step 101: Obtain key features of existing road sections that meet design requirements through laser scanning technology.

[0044] The selection of the road section that meets the design requirements can be determined based on the construction requirements of the builder for the special road of the test site.

[0045] There are many types of special roads in the construction of test sites, and the road sections selected for scanning also need to be determined according to different road types. For example, a cracked and damaged road requires a model scan of the road cracks, and a pothole-damaged road requires a scan of the road potholes.

[0046] For example, a construction company provides a design plan for a special road at a testing site. Based on this design plan, existing road sections that meet the design requirements are selected. Accordingly, the selection of sections from existing roads that meet the design requirements can be done in the following manner: first, key features of the road to be built are determined based on the design plan; then, sections that meet the design requirements are selected from existing roads based on these key features.

[0047] In some embodiments, the design plan may include, but is not limited to, detailed information such as construction period, materials, equipment, personnel, and costs.

[0048] For the selected existing road sections that meet the design requirements, a laser scanner can be used to perform multi-site scanning on them to obtain scanning data; and key features can be extracted from the scanning data.

[0049] It should be noted that for smaller road sections, scanning can be performed by spacing stations at regular intervals, for example, using a scanning interval of 20 to 50 meters. Depending on the degree of road characteristics, this can also be adjusted appropriately. For example, if the scanning depth exceeds 10 cm, a scanning interval of 10 to 15 meters can be used to ensure scanning accuracy. For larger road sections, a vehicle-mounted laser scanner can be used. For example, for relatively flat areas, the scanning width can be set to 2.5 meters, the scanning speed can be 50 to 70 km / h, and the overlap range can be 0.2 to 0.5 meters.

[0050] After obtaining the scan data of the corresponding road section, these scan data can be preprocessed, such as denoising and removing impurities, to ensure the quality of the scan data; and then key features can be extracted from the processed scan data.

[0051] The scanning data is three-dimensional point cloud data, and extracting key features mainly includes the following steps:

[0052] Analyze the spatial distribution and statistical characteristics of 3D point cloud data;

[0053] Identify and extract key features such as test site road boundaries, markings, signs, obstacles, etc. in the three-dimensional point cloud data;

[0054] Apply machine learning algorithms and / or image processing techniques to classify the three-dimensional point cloud data and automatically identify different types of proving ground road elements.

[0055] Furthermore, the accuracy and completeness of the corresponding extraction algorithm can be verified through experiments to ensure that the extracted key features can truly reflect the actual conditions of the test site roads.

[0056] Furthermore, noise impurities can be removed from key road features, and then key areas of the test site road can be determined. Different types of test site road elements can be optimized and reorganized based on the key areas to obtain key units.

[0057] Specifically, noise and impurities can be removed from the same type of proving ground road elements. Key areas can then be identified based on feature selection criteria, such as curbs and sidewalk edges in road construction. Furthermore, software can be used to automatically detect these key areas, combined with manual review to identify them.

[0058] After determining the key areas, specific algorithms such as edge detection and feature matching can be used to highlight the key features in these key areas, and based on this, key units can be defined. The key units can be accurately segmented from the overall road model by creating bounding boxes or segmentation surfaces.

[0059] To ensure the independent usability of each key unit, its processing or analysis capabilities as a complete element can be further verified. For example, in a non-limiting embodiment, the verification method is as follows: the separated key units are exported separately and the model is verified using data model viewing software such as CloudCompare or Autodesk ReCap (the software selection is based on the processed data format) to check whether the dimensions are compliant and whether key elements are missing. The focus is on retaining key feature points of special roads, such as road split widths, bump heights, and shapes, and other appearance features.

[0060] During the optimization and reorganization phase, the key units may be optimized by adjusting the positions and / or sizes of key feature points to improve the accuracy of the key units and ensure smooth connections between adjacent key units without abrupt boundaries.

[0061] Furthermore, considering that data deviation may occur during the actual scanning data processing process, in some embodiments, multiple iterative tests can be performed to verify the consistency and reliability of the road feature data extraction and processing method, optimize the road feature data extraction and processing method, and evaluate the position deviation of feature points before and after optimization to improve the accuracy of the scanned data and eliminate the deviation.

[0062] Step 102: Establish a special road BIM digital model based on the key features of the road, and divide the special road BIM digital model into road sections.

[0063] Specifically, the plates are arranged according to the key units and the key features of the road to generate design drawings of the special road; and then the BIM digital model of the special road is established according to the design drawings of the special road.

[0064] Among them, the specific process of design drawings of special roads is as follows:

[0065] First, based on the established design plan, key features extracted and scanned in the early stage (such as the location of manhole covers in manhole-covered roads, the location of road cracks in damaged roads, etc.) are integrated into the design process.

[0066] The established design scheme primarily refers to the design requirements for major road types proposed by the construction party (such as patched roads, washboard roads, Class B randomly uneven roads, twisted roads, damaged roads, and manhole-covered roads). Based on these major design types, corresponding small unit modules (i.e., the key units described in step 101) are matched. These small unit modules are then optimized based on the functional characteristics of different roads, such as road width, friction coefficient, and horizontal height difference per unit area. These modules are then designed and arranged to form a complete road structure design drawing and road model.

[0067] Then, based on the above integration, professional design software can be used to arrange the blocks rationally to ensure the functionality and coordination of each road section.

[0068] It should be noted that during the design process, attention should be paid to the matching between key features and plate sections to ensure that the design drawings of the special road accurately reflect the actual needs. In addition, the feasibility and cost-effectiveness of construction can be comprehensively considered to ensure that the design is not only beautiful but also practical.

[0069] Furthermore, it is possible to review and confirm whether the generated design drawings of special roads comply with all relevant standards and specifications.

[0070] Furthermore, visualization tools can be used to present design solutions, displaying the design drawings of special roads, to facilitate understanding and discussion among all parties. This ensures the professionalism and practicality of the design drawings of special roads, providing accurate guidance for subsequent road construction.

[0071] The road BIM modeling based on the design drawings and plate scanning files of the special road can utilize the existing BIM modeling tools. For example, taking Revit software as an example, firstly, the processed point cloud data is converted into the las universal point cloud data format in CloudCompare, and then imported into Autodesk ReCap to convert the secondary processed point cloud data into a model file in rcs format. Then, the extracted key feature information of the test site road is imported into the BIM software to create a three-dimensional digital model (i.e., the special road BIM model); in this BIM model, the test site road structure, geometric dimensions, material properties and other information can be described in detail.

[0072] It should be noted that the special road BIM model can be edited using Revit software, and parameters such as the position, size, and characteristic point distribution of the test site road elements can be adjusted to meet the design requirements.

[0073] Furthermore, the special road BIM model can be used for preliminary design, to simulate the effects of different construction plans, optimize the design plan, and ensure that the special road BIM model is consistent with the actual test site road conditions, which serves as an important basis for subsequent design and construction.

[0074] After the special road BIM model is established, the road segments are divided within the model. The principle of division is based on the size of the road segments produced at a time, for example: 4-6m long and 2-3m wide, ensuring that the road's characteristic points are not damaged by construction joints, ensuring that installation can be carried out properly after prefabrication.

[0075] Step 103: Generate a 3D printing template file for each road section.

[0076] Specifically, the segmented road segments are templated (i.e., the template file is created based on the designed road model). The drawn model should closely follow the road model to ensure that the template can be used to replicate the road with high precision. The thickness of the template can be determined based on the size of the segment, for example, it can be between 3 and 5 mm.

[0077] It should be noted that the template is used for batch prefabrication of road slabs. Therefore, if the template is reused more than a set number of times (for example, 50 times), the corresponding template can also be individually thickened and strengthened.

[0078] The BIM model of the road section is exported, and a standard format file corresponding to each road section for use in 3D printing, namely the 3D printing template file, is generated.

[0079] During specific implementation, a dedicated template file may be designed, which may include all necessary geometric information and manufacturing instructions to facilitate subsequent processing; the template file may also include construction details, such as connection methods, reinforcement measures and other information.

[0080] Step 104 : Print a road template according to the 3D printing template file to obtain a 3D printing template.

[0081] In specific implementation, a metal 3D printing process can be used to retain all the features of the printed template to the maximum extent possible while maintaining a certain strength and durability.

[0082] The 3D printed template can retain the complete key feature points of the test site road. Furthermore, the 3D printed template can be inspected for quality inspection, such as checking whether the key feature points of the road meet the design requirements, to ensure the quality of the 3D printed template and confirm that it meets the design standards.

[0083] Step 105: Prefabricate road slabs in batches in a prefabrication yard according to the 3D printing template.

[0084] Specifically, the test field road slabs are prefabricated in batches in the prefabrication yard based on the 3D printed templates.

[0085] During the prefabrication process, the quality of the slabs can be guaranteed by strengthening the control of factors such as the concrete mix ratio and curing conditions. In particular, during the demoulding process, key feature points of the prefabricated test site road must be protected from damage.

[0086] Furthermore, connectors or other fixing devices may be embedded in the prefabricated components (ie, the road slabs) to facilitate on-site installation.

[0087] Step 106: Install the road slabs according to the road type.

[0088] Specifically, a detailed on-site installation plan can be formulated based on the different roads and road slabs, combined with the road slabs with different characteristics, including the order of slab placement, connection methods, etc.

[0089] During construction, prefabricated panels are transported to designated locations using specialized equipment and assembled according to the design. The installed road panels are then inspected to ensure they are securely connected and have a smooth surface.

[0090] Furthermore, various data during the installation process can be recorded to provide a reference for subsequent maintenance.

[0091] In some embodiments, the quality of the finished road can also be inspected to ensure that various indicators of the finished road meet the design standards and construction specifications.

[0092] For example, in a non-limiting embodiment, the quality inspection of the finished road can be performed in the following manner:

[0093] First, verify the basic information of the road, including but not limited to whether the length, width, slope, etc. of the road meet the design requirements;

[0094] Secondly, through the measurement and inspection of key feature points, we ensure the accuracy of crack width, depth, location, manhole cover road, railway track road, and Class B random uneven road.

[0095] If necessary, 3D laser scanning technology can be used to comprehensively scan the entire road, and the acquired point cloud data can be accurately compared with the design model file to detect whether there are any deviations or quality problems, ensuring that all indicators of the finished road meet the design standards and construction specifications.

[0096] The automobile proving ground road design and construction method provided by the present invention addresses the difficulty of road replication in existing technologies, especially when the same road is built in different proving grounds, the degree of road replication is inconsistent, which leads to a large difference in test results of the same road in different automobile proving grounds. Through a series of technical means such as scanning road feature points, extracting key feature data, modeling, and making road templates, it is possible to achieve a complete 1:1 or equal-proportion replication of the road state, while retaining the key points of the road state and rearranging them according to design needs.

[0097] The automobile proving ground road design and construction method provided by the present invention effectively solves the problem in the prior art that the same design drawings are constructed in different places, resulting in excessively poor construction results. It improves the data consistency of the same roads tested in the automobile proving ground industry, and ensures that the test results of the same car in different automobile proving grounds meet the requirements of consistency in test conditions.

[0098] It should be noted that for the aforementioned method embodiments, for simplicity of description, they are all expressed as a series of action combinations. However, those skilled in the art should be aware that the present invention is not limited by the order of the actions described, because according to the present invention, certain steps can be performed in other orders or simultaneously. Secondly, those skilled in the art should also be aware that the embodiments described in this specification are all preferred embodiments, and the actions and modules involved are not necessarily required by the present invention.

[0099] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail above. Specific implementation methods are used herein to illustrate the present invention. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the method and system of the present invention. They are only embodiments of a part of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention, and the content of this specification should not be understood as limiting the present invention. Therefore, any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for designing and constructing a road in an automobile testing ground, characterized in that: The method comprises: Use laser scanning technology to obtain key features of existing road sections that meet design requirements; Establish a special road BIM digital model based on the key features of the road section and divide the road into sections; Generate 3D printing template files for each road section; Print a road template according to the 3D printing template file to obtain a 3D printing template; Prefabricate road slabs in batches in a prefabrication yard according to the 3D printed template; Installing the road slabs according to the road type; The key features of the existing road sections that meet the design requirements obtained by laser scanning technology include: For existing road sections that meet the design requirements, multi-site scanning is performed using a laser scanner to obtain scanning data; extracting key features of the road segment from the scan data; The key features of the road section extracted from the scanned data include: analyzing spatial distribution and statistical characteristics of the scan data; Identifying and extracting key features of a road section in the scanned data, wherein the key features of the road section include any one or more of the following: a test site road boundary, markings, signs, and obstacles; classifying the scanned data to identify different types of proving ground road elements; Determine key areas of the proving ground road, and optimize and reorganize different types of proving ground road elements according to the key areas to obtain key units; The establishing of a special road BIM digital model according to the key features of the road section includes: Arrange the plates according to the key units and the key features of the road section to generate design drawings of the special road; Establishing a BIM digital model of the special road based on the design drawings and plate scanning files of the special road; Use the BIM digital model of the special road for preliminary design, simulate the effects of different construction plans, and optimize the design plan to ensure that the BIM digital model of the special road is consistent with the actual road conditions of the test site.

2. The automobile test field road design and construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method further comprises: Determine the key features of the road section to be built based on the design plan determined by the builder for the construction requirements of the special road at the test site; The road section meeting the design requirements is screened from existing roads according to key features of the road section.

3. The automobile proving ground road design and construction method according to claim 2, wherein the multi-site scanning using a laser scanner to obtain scanning data comprises: For smaller road sections, scanning is done by placing stations at certain intervals; For road sections with larger areas, vehicle-mounted laser scanners are used for scanning.

4. The automobile test field road design and construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The road segmentation comprises: The road segments are divided according to the following principles: the size of the road segments produced at a time is such that the road feature points are not destroyed by construction joints.

5. The automobile test field road design and construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The generation of the 3D printing template files for each road section includes: Draw templates for each road section; Generate a BIM model and 3D printing template file of the road section.

6. The automobile test field road design and construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The road template is printed using a metal 3D printing process to obtain a 3D printed template.

7. The automobile test field road design and construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method further comprises: When prefabricating road slabs in batches, connectors or fixing devices are embedded in the road slabs.

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