A hazardous chemical accident analysis system and analysis method based on digital twins

Abstract

A hazardous chemical accident analysis system and analysis method based on digital twins, comprising the following steps: establishing a jet fire accident consequence model for a fire spread analysis unit; establishing a toxic gas leak accident consequence model; establishing a pool fire accident consequence model; establishing a steam cloud explosion accident consequence model; setting the coordinate, scale, and position attributes of the model during the import of three-dimensional data of a chemical park; accessing real-time monitoring data from sensors through a data interface as input parameters to achieve dynamic updates and visualization effects. The present invention achieves three-dimensional scene restoration at high resolution through digital twin technology, and interactively sets model influencing parameters in combination with a Web-side interface, monitors the physical state and environmental factors of hazardous chemicals in real time, and dynamically simulates and analyzes them through a digital twin model, thereby achieving early identification and early warning of accident risks and improving the prevention and response capabilities of hazardous chemical accidents.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of hazardous chemicals safety management and control, and specifically to a hazardous chemicals accident analysis system and analysis method based on digital twins. Background Art

[0002] The entire life cycle of hazardous chemicals includes production, operation, storage, transportation, use, and disposal. Each of these stages carries the risk of accidents. In recent years, with the rapid development of the chemical industry, hazardous chemical accidents have become frequent, causing significant casualties and economic losses, seriously impacting high-quality economic development and social stability.

[0003] A study of existing methods for analyzing hazardous chemical accidents revealed that most lack real-time and predictive capabilities, are unable to simulate the catastrophic effects of an accident, and struggle to provide effective early warning and prevention measures before an accident occurs. Furthermore, traditional accident analysis methods often rely on experience and qualitative judgment, lacking precise quantitative analysis capabilities.

[0004] To improve the ability to prevent and respond to hazardous chemical accidents and to demonstrate more accurate, high-definition three-dimensional models, a digital twin-based hazardous chemical accident analysis method is needed. This method should leverage technologies such as the Internet of Things, big data, and artificial intelligence to monitor the physical state and environmental factors of hazardous chemicals in real time, dynamically simulate and analyze them through digital twin models, and thus achieve early identification and early warning of accident risks. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to solve the problems raised in the above background technology, the present invention provides a hazardous chemical accident analysis system and analysis method based on digital twins.

[0006] A hazardous chemical accident analysis system based on digital twins, including:

[0007] Fire spread analysis unit: used to simulate the trend of fire spread according to parameter settings;

[0008] Gas Leakage Analysis Unit: Based on the Gaussian plume diffusion model, the unit locates the gas leakage source and simulates the gas diffusion under different leakage source strengths, wind speeds, and wind directions, simulating the three-dimensional unsteady turbulent flow process of gas diffusion.

[0009] Pool fire analysis unit: used to simulate, evaluate and analyze the severity and hazard level of pool fire accident consequences and the scope of disaster impact;

[0010] Steam cloud analysis unit: used to simulate the process of steam cloud explosion after tank leakage, use the TNT equivalent method to estimate the severity of the steam cloud explosion, consider a certain percentage of steam participating in the explosion to form a shock wave, analyze the destructive effect of the shock wave, and analyze the impact range;

[0011] Digital twin visualization accident simulation unit: used to build virtual models corresponding to the production, storage and transportation of hazardous chemicals in real scenarios, simulate the development effects of hazardous chemical accidents, and evaluate the impact of accidents on personnel, equipment and the environment through monitoring and data analysis.

[0012] The method for analyzing hazardous chemical accidents based on digital twins of the present invention comprises the following steps:

[0013] Step S1: Establishing a jet fire accident consequence model for a fire spread analysis unit;

[0014] Step S2: Establish a toxic gas leakage accident consequence model;

[0015] Step S3: establishing a pool fire accident consequence model;

[0016] Step S4: establishing a steam cloud explosion accident consequence model;

[0017] Step S5: In the process of importing the three-dimensional data of the chemical park, the coordinates, scale and position attributes of the model are set; the real-time monitoring data of the sensor is accessed through the data interface as input parameters to achieve dynamic update and visualization effect display.

[0018] The present invention uses digital twin technology to achieve high-resolution three-dimensional scene restoration, and combines the interactive setting of model influencing parameters through the Web interface to monitor the physical state and environmental factors of hazardous chemicals in real time. It uses the digital twin model for dynamic simulation and analysis, thereby achieving early identification and early warning of accident risks and improving the prevention and response capabilities of hazardous chemical accidents. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 It is a flow chart of the hazardous chemicals accident analysis method based on digital twins of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The following will be combined with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the embodiments described below are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] A hazardous chemical accident analysis system based on digital twins, including:

[0022] Fire spread analysis unit: used to simulate the trend of fire spread according to parameter settings;

[0023] Gas Leakage Analysis Unit: Based on the Gaussian plume diffusion model, the unit locates the gas leakage source and simulates the gas diffusion under different leakage source strengths, wind speeds, and wind directions, simulating the three-dimensional unsteady turbulent flow process of gas diffusion.

[0024] Pool fire analysis unit: used to simulate, evaluate and analyze the severity and hazard level of pool fire accident consequences and the scope of disaster impact;

[0025] Steam cloud analysis unit: used to simulate the process of steam cloud explosion after tank leakage, use the TNT equivalent method to estimate the severity of the steam cloud explosion, consider a certain percentage of steam participating in the explosion to form a shock wave, analyze the destructive effect of the shock wave, and analyze the impact range;

[0026] Digital twin visualization accident simulation unit: used to build virtual models corresponding to the production, storage and transportation of hazardous chemicals in real scenarios, simulate the development effects of hazardous chemical accidents, and evaluate the impact of accidents on personnel, equipment and the environment through monitoring and data analysis.

[0027] The method for analyzing hazardous chemical accidents based on digital twins of the present invention comprises the following steps:

[0028] Step S1: Establishing a jet fire accident consequence model for a fire spread analysis unit;

[0029] Step S2: Establish a toxic gas leakage accident consequence model;

[0030] Step S3: establishing a pool fire accident consequence model;

[0031] Step S4: establishing a steam cloud explosion accident consequence model;

[0032] Step S5: In the process of importing the three-dimensional data of the chemical park, the coordinates, scale and position attributes of the model are set; the real-time monitoring data of the sensor is accessed through the data interface as input parameters to achieve dynamic update and visualization effect display.

[0033] In order to more clearly explain and illustrate the technical solution and implementation of the present invention, several preferred specific embodiments for implementing the technical solution of the present invention are introduced below. Specific embodiment 1

[0035] Fire Spread Analysis Unit: When pressurized combustibles from hazardous chemicals leak, they form a jet. If ignited at the leaking breach, a jet fire forms. The flame is assumed to be conical and represented by a point source model extending from the leak to a point 4 / 5 of the flame's length. The jet fire accident consequence model algorithm includes the following steps:

[0036] S11 flame length calculation:

[0037] The flame length equation for a jet fire is: Where L1 is the flame length (m), H c is the heat of combustion (J / kg), and m is the mass flow rate (kg / s).

[0038] S12 thermal radiation flux calculation:

[0039] The equation for the thermal radiation flux received at a distance of X (m) from the flame point source is: Where q is the thermal radiation flux received at a distance X from the flame power source (kw / m 2 ), f is the thermal emissivity, τ is the atmospheric transmission rate, and τ = 1-0.0565lnX. Specific embodiment 2

[0041] Gas Leakage Analysis Unit: Pressurized gas leaks typically occur in the form of jets. The velocity of the leak is related to the flow state, and its characteristics can be described by critical flow (maximum outlet velocity equal to the speed of sound) or subcritical flow. The algorithm for the toxic gas leak accident consequence model specifically includes the following steps:

[0042] S21 flow state calculation:

[0043] When When it is established, the gas flow is sonic flow; when the formula When it is established, the gas flow is subsonic. In the formula, P0 is the ambient atmospheric pressure (Pa), P is the container pressure (Pa), and k is the adiabatic index of the gas, that is, the constant pressure specific heat C p and constant volume specific heat C v The ratio.

[0044] S22 Critical or subcritical flow judgment criteria describe the leakage diffusion rate:

[0045] For many gases, the critical ratio (P / P0) is approximately 2, that is, the storage pressure is approximately equal to twice the atmospheric pressure, at which point the outlet velocity of the fluid leakage is approximately equal to the speed of sound.

[0046] The gas leakage rate of critical flow can be calculated as According to this formula, when the gas flows at subsonic speed, the leakage is: Where Q is the gas leakage rate (kg / s), C dis the sparse gas leakage, A is the crack area (m 2 ), M is the relative molecular mass of the gas, and R is the universal gas constant (8.31436 J mol -1 K -1 ), T is the storage temperature of the gas (K), and Y is the gas expansion factor. The formula is:

[0047] The above considerations are for the irreversible adiabatic diffusion of an ideal gas. Furthermore, the time-dependent change in the gas leakage rate is not considered, so using the initial storage conditions inevitably leads to conservative results. Specific embodiment 3

[0049] Pool Fire Analysis Unit: The pool fire accident consequence model algorithm mainly calculates the geometric dimensions and radiation parameters of the pool fire flame, and specifically includes the following steps:

[0050] S31 calculation pool diameter:

[0051] According to the amount of leaked liquid and the properties of the ground, S=W / (H min ×ρ) can be used to calculate the maximum possible pool area. Where S is the liquid pool area (m 2 ), W is the mass of the leaked liquid (kg), ρ is the density of the liquid (kg / m 3 ), H min is the minimum oil layer thickness (m). The corresponding relationship between the minimum material layer thickness and ground properties is shown in Table 1.

[0052] Table 1 Thickness of different ground material layers

[0053]

[0054]

[0055] S32 Determine Pool Flame Height:

[0056] Formula for calculating pool flame height: Where: L2 is the pool flame height (m), D is the pool diameter (m), m f is the burning rate (kg / m 2 s), ρ0 is the air density (kg / m 3 ), g is the gravitational constant.

[0057] S33 calculates the flame surface heat flux:

[0058] Assuming that the energy is uniformly radiated from the sides and top of the cylindrical flame to the surroundings, Calculate the heat flux on the flame surface, where q0 is the heat flux on the pool flame surface (kw / m 2 ), ΔH cis the heat of combustion (kJ / kg), π is the circumference of a circle, f is the thermal radiation coefficient (can be taken as 0.15), m f is the burning rate (kg / m 2 s), other symbols are the same as before.

[0059] Calculation of the heat flux received by the S34 target:

[0060] The calculation formula of the heat flux q(r) received by the target is: q(r)=q0(1-0.058lnr)V, where q(r) is the heat flux received by the target (kw / m 2 ), q0 is the calculated heat flux of the flame surface (kw / m 2 ), r is the horizontal distance from the target to the center of the oil area (m), and V is the viewing angle coefficient.

[0061] Calculation of S35 view factor:

[0062] The viewing angle factor V is related to the ratio s of the distance from the target to the vertical axis of the flame to the flame radius, and the ratio h of the flame height to the diameter.

[0063]

[0064] πV H =AB

[0065]

[0066] πV v =tan -1 (h / (s-1)) 0.5 / s+h(JK) / s

[0067]

[0068] K=tan -1 ((s-1) / (s+1)) 0.5

[0069] a=(h 2 +s 2 +1) / (2s)

[0070] b=(1+s 2 ) / (2s)

[0071] Among them, C, D, J, K, V H 、V v It is an intermediate variable introduced for the convenience of description, and π is the ratio of a circle to a circle. Specific embodiment 4

[0073] Steam Cloud Analysis Unit: The primary hazard of a steam cloud explosion is the shock wave overpressure. Shock wave overpressure can be calculated using the traditional TNT equivalent coefficient method, equating the explosive energy generated by the accidental explosion to a certain equivalent of TNT. The model algorithm specifically includes the following steps:

[0074] S41 determines the flash coefficient:

[0075] Based on thermodynamic data, Estimate the flash vaporization portion of the fuel, where F is the evaporation coefficient, C p is the average specific heat of the fuel (kJ / kgK), ΔT is the temperature difference between the temperature inside the container and the boiling point at ambient pressure (K), and L is the heat of vaporization (kJ / kg).

[0076] S42 calculates the mass of fuel in the cloud:

[0077] W f =2FW,

[0078] Where W f is the mass of fuel in the cloud (kg), W is the mass of leaked fuel (kg), and F is the flash coefficient.

[0079] S43 calculates TNT equivalent:

[0080] W TNT =α e W f H f / H TNT

[0081] Where W TNT is the TNT equivalent of the fuel (kg), W f is the mass of fuel in the cloud (kg), H f is the heat of combustion of the fuel (MJ / kg), H TNT is the explosion heat of TNT (MJ / kg), α e is the TNT equivalent coefficient, recommended α e =0.03.

[0082] S44 converts the actual distance into dimensionless distance:

[0083]

[0084] Where R is the actual distance from the explosion point (m), is the dimensionless distance (m).

[0085] At a distance R from the explosion point, according to the corresponding The overpressure is calculated and the damage to personnel and buildings can be predicted. Specific embodiment 5

[0087] A schematic diagram of a hazardous chemicals accident simulation system based on digital twin visualization technology is proposed. Figure 1 As shown:

[0088] S51 prepares 3D data of buildings, equipment, terrain and other elements of the chemical park;

[0089] S52 imports the collected 3D data into the visualization software, setting the coordinates, scale, and position properties of the model during the import process;

[0090] S53 accesses real-time monitoring data from sensors through a data interface and uses this data as input parameters for the above-mentioned model algorithm to achieve dynamic model updates and visualization effects.

[0091] S54 also has a parameter input interface, where users can manually input the impact parameters of the accident model and observe the model simulation effect in real time;

[0092] S55 displays related data in the form of charts, graphs, animations, etc.

Claims

1. An analysis method for a hazardous chemicals accident analysis system based on digital twins, characterized in that: The analysis system includes: Fire spread analysis unit: used to simulate the trend of fire spread according to parameter settings; Gas Leakage Analysis Unit: Based on the Gaussian plume diffusion model, the unit locates the gas leakage source and simulates the gas diffusion under different leakage source strengths, wind speeds, and wind directions, simulating the three-dimensional unsteady turbulent flow process of gas diffusion. Pool fire analysis unit: used to simulate, evaluate and analyze the severity and hazard level of pool fire accident consequences and the scope of disaster impact; Steam cloud analysis unit: used to simulate the process of steam cloud explosion after tank leakage, use the TNT equivalent method to estimate the severity of the steam cloud explosion, consider a certain percentage of steam participating in the explosion to form a shock wave, analyze the destructive effect of the shock wave, and analyze the impact range; Digital Twin Visual Accident Simulation Unit: This unit is used to build virtual models corresponding to the production, storage, and transportation of hazardous chemicals in real-world scenarios, simulate the development of hazardous chemical accidents, and assess the impact of accidents on personnel, equipment, and the environment through monitoring and data analysis. The method comprises the following steps: Step S1: Establishing a jet fire accident consequence model for a fire spread analysis unit; Step S2: Establish a toxic gas leakage accident consequence model; Step S3: establishing a pool fire accident consequence model; Step S4: establishing a steam cloud explosion accident consequence model; Step S5: In the process of importing the three-dimensional data of the chemical park, the coordinates, scale and position attributes of the model are set; the real-time monitoring data of the sensor is accessed through the data interface as input parameters to achieve dynamic update and visualization effect display.

2. The method for analyzing hazardous chemical accidents based on digital twins according to claim 1 is characterized in that The above step S1 specifically includes the following process: Step S11: flame length calculation: The flame length equation for a jet fire is: Where L1 is the flame length, H c is the heat of combustion, m is the mass flow rate; Step S12: Calculation of thermal radiation flux: The equation for the thermal radiation flux received at a distance X from the flame point source is: Where q is the thermal radiation flux received at a distance X from the flame point source, f is the thermal emissivity, τ is the atmospheric transmission rate, and τ = 1-0.0565lnX.

3. The method for analyzing hazardous chemical accidents based on digital twins according to claim 2 is characterized in that The above step S2 specifically includes the following process: S21 flow state calculation: When When it is established, the gas flow is sonic flow; when the formula When it is established, the gas flow is subsonic; Where P0 is the ambient atmospheric pressure, P is the container pressure, and k is the adiabatic index of the gas, i.e., the constant pressure specific heat C p and constant volume specific heat C v The ratio of S22 Critical or subcritical flow judgment criteria describe the leakage diffusion rate: The gas leakage rate of critical flow is Calculation shows that the leakage when the gas flows at subsonic speed is: Where Q is the gas leakage rate, C d is the gas leakage sparseness, A is the crack area, M is the relative molecular mass of the gas, R is the universal gas constant, T is the storage temperature of the gas, and Y is the gas expansion factor. The formula is:

4. The method for analyzing hazardous chemical accidents based on digital twins according to claim 3 is characterized in that The above step S3 specifically includes the following process: S31 calculation pool diameter: According to the amount of leaked liquid and the properties of the ground, S=W / (H min ×ρ) to calculate the maximum possible pool area; where S is the liquid pool area, W is the mass of the leaked liquid, ρ is the density of the liquid, and H min is the minimum oil layer thickness; S32 Determine Pool Flame Height: Formulas involving pool flame height Where: L2 is the pool flame height, D is the pool diameter, m f is the burning rate, ρ0 is the air density, and g is the gravitational constant; S33 calculates the flame surface heat flux: Energy is radiated evenly from the sides and top of the cylindrical flame to the surroundings. Calculate the heat flux on the flame surface, where q0 is the heat flux on the pool flame surface, ΔH c is the heat of combustion, π is the circumference of the circle, f is the thermal radiation coefficient, m f is the burning rate, other symbols are the same as before; Calculation of the heat flux received by the S34 target: The calculation formula of the heat flux q(r) received by the target is: q(r) = q0(1-0.058lnr)V, where q(r) is the heat flux received by the target, q0 is the calculated heat flux of the flame surface, r is the horizontal distance from the target to the center of the oil area, and V is the viewing angle coefficient; Calculation of S35 view factor: The viewing factor V is related to the ratio of the distance from the target to the vertical axis of the pool flame to the flame radius, s, and the ratio of the pool flame height to the pool diameter, h; πV H =A-B πV v =tan -1 (h / (s-1)) 0.5 / s+h(J-K) / s K=tan -1 ((s-1) / (s+1)) 0.5 a=(h 2 +s 2 +1) / (2s) b=(1+s 2 ) / (2s) Among them, C, D, J, K, V H 、V v It is an intermediate variable introduced for the convenience of description, and π is the ratio of a circle to a circle.

5. The method for analyzing hazardous chemical accidents based on digital twins according to claim 4 is characterized in that The above step S4 specifically includes the following process: S41 determines the flash coefficient: use Estimate the flash vaporization portion of the fuel, where F is the evaporation coefficient, C p is the average specific heat of the fuel, ΔT is the temperature difference between the temperature inside the container and the boiling point at ambient pressure, and L is the heat of vaporization; S42 calculates the mass of fuel in the cloud: IN f =2FW, Where W f is the mass of fuel in the cloud, W is the mass of leaked liquid, and F is the flash coefficient; S43 calculates TNT equivalent: W TNT =α e W f H f / H TNT Where W TNT is the TNT equivalent of the fuel, W f is the mass of fuel in the cloud, H f is the heat of combustion of the fuel, H TNT For the explosive heat of TNT, α e is the TNT equivalent coefficient; S44 converts the actual distance into dimensionless distance: Where R is the actual distance from the explosion point, is the dimensionless distance; at a distance R from the explosion point, according to the corresponding The overpressure is calculated and the damage to personnel and buildings can be predicted.

6. The method for analyzing hazardous chemical accidents based on digital twins according to claim 5 is characterized in that The above step S5 specifically includes the following process: S51 prepares 3D data of buildings, equipment, terrain and other elements of the chemical park; S52 imports the collected 3D data into the visualization software, setting the coordinates, scale, and position properties of the model during the import process; S53 accesses real-time monitoring data from sensors through a data interface and uses this data as input parameters for the above-mentioned model algorithm to achieve dynamic model updates and visualization effects. S54 also has a parameter input interface, where users can manually input the impact parameters of the accident model and observe the model simulation effect in real time; S55 displays related data in the form of charts, graphs, animations, etc.

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