Millimeter wave broadband circularly polarized antenna array and manufacturing method thereof

Abstract

The application belongs to the field of antennas, and discloses a kind of millimeter wave broadband circularly polarized antenna array and its manufacturing method, including fourth metal layer;Fourth metal layer is used to receive and transmit electromagnetic wave based on sequential rotation feed network;Fourth metal layer is also used to act as the ground plane of ground coplanar waveguide;Third dielectric layer is used to transmit the received electromagnetic wave to third metal layer;The performance of ground coplanar waveguide is realized by introducing metal via in third dielectric layer;Third metal layer is used to couple electromagnetic wave to first radiation layer and second radiation layer based on slot coupling;Third metal layer is also used to act as the ground plane of ground coplanar waveguide;First radiation layer and second radiation layer are used to direct radiation to free space respectively;The performance of magneto-electric dipole antenna is realized by introducing metal via in first radiation layer and second radiation layer;The application meets the requirements of millimeter wave mobile communication frequency band, with the characteristics of large axial ratio bandwidth, easy to process, low loss and stable pattern.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of antennas, and particularly relates to a millimeter wave broadband circularly polarized antenna array and a manufacturing method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the rapid development of 5G mobile communication technology, the millimeter wave frequency band has been widely researched and applied due to its rich spectrum resources and high transmission rate; and the antenna, as a key device inside the wireless communication system, plays an important role in transmitting or receiving electromagnetic energy; therefore, it is very important to develop a broadband millimeter wave antenna to adapt to the rapid development of the 5G mobile communication system.

[0003] In the face of increasingly complex communication environments, linearly polarized antennas are difficult to resist multipath effects and are prone to polarization deflection; and the circularly polarized antenna has the characteristics of suppressing multipath effects, resisting rain and fog, small polarization loss, resisting ionospheric Faraday effects, and has strong advantages in complex electromagnetic application environments, and is very suitable for 5G millimeter wave and satellite communication systems; however, most of the existing millimeter wave circularly polarized antenna arrays can only cover a single frequency band, so it is very necessary to develop a broadband antenna. SUMMARY

[0004] In view of the technical problems in the prior art, the application provides a millimeter wave broadband circularly polarized antenna array and a manufacturing method thereof, to solve the technical problem that most of the existing millimeter wave circularly polarized antenna arrays can only cover a single frequency band.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the application is as follows:

[0006] The application provides a millimeter wave broadband circularly polarized antenna array, which comprises a first radiation layer, a second radiation layer, a third metal layer, a third dielectric layer and a fourth metal layer which are sequentially stacked.

[0007] The fourth metal layer is used for receiving and transmitting electromagnetic waves into the third dielectric layer based on a sequentially rotating feed network; wherein the fourth metal layer is also used as a ground plane of a grounded coplanar waveguide;

[0008] The third dielectric layer is used for transmitting the received electromagnetic waves to the third metal layer; wherein the performance of the grounded coplanar waveguide is realized by introducing a metal via in the third dielectric layer;

[0009] The third metal layer is used for coupling the received electromagnetic waves to the first radiation layer and the second radiation layer based on a slot coupling; wherein the third metal layer is also used as a ground plane of a grounded coplanar waveguide;

[0010] The first radiation layer and the second radiation layer are respectively used for directional radiation of received electromagnetic waves to free space; wherein the performance of a magnetic electric dipole antenna is realized by introducing metal vias in the first radiation layer and the second radiation layer.

[0011] Further, the first radiation layer comprises a first metal layer and a first dielectric layer, the first metal layer is arranged on a first surface of the first dielectric layer;

[0012] The first metal layer comprises four groups of first patch units, and the four groups of first patch units are arranged in a rectangular array; each group of first patch units comprises four first rectangular metal patches arranged in two rows and two columns; wherein the structures of two first rectangular metal patches arranged at opposite angles are the same, and the structures of two adjacent first rectangular metal patches are different;

[0013] The first dielectric layer is provided with four groups of first metal via units, and the four groups of first metal via units are symmetric about the center of the first dielectric layer; each group of first metal via units comprises two first metal vias symmetric about the center of the first patch unit; wherein the first end of the first metal via is connected with the first rectangular metal patch, and the second end of the first metal via is connected with the second radiation layer.

[0014] Further, the second radiation layer comprises a second metal layer and a second dielectric layer, the second metal layer is arranged on a first surface of the second dielectric layer;

[0015] The second metal layer comprises four groups of second patch units, and the four groups of second patch units are arranged in two rows and two columns; each group of second patch units comprises two quarter-elliptical metal patches; wherein the two quarter-elliptical metal patches are symmetric about the center of the second patch unit, and the circular center part of the two quarter-elliptical metal patches is cut by a rotated ellipse;

[0016] The second dielectric layer is provided with four groups of second metal via units, and the four groups of second metal via units are symmetric about the center of the second dielectric layer; each group of second metal via units comprises two second metal vias symmetric about the center of the second patch unit and two third metal vias symmetric about the center of the second patch unit.

[0017] Further, the third metal layer comprises a metal layer body and a first ground plane; the metal layer body and the first ground plane are both arranged on a first surface of the third dielectric layer, the center of the metal layer body coincides with the centers of the first radiation layer and the second radiation layer, and the first ground plane is arranged at the end of the metal layer body; wherein the metal layer body is provided with four rectangular slots arranged in sequence and rotated along the center of the metal layer body.

[0018] Further, the fourth metal layer comprises a one-to-four microstrip feed network and a second ground plane; the one-to-four microstrip feed network and the second ground plane are arranged on the second surface of the third dielectric layer, and the center of the one-to-four microstrip feed network coincides with the center of the first radiation layer and the second radiation layer; wherein the one-to-four microstrip feed network is provided with four output ports, and the output electromagnetic waves of the four output ports are 90 degrees out of phase.

[0019] Further, the third dielectric layer is provided with fourth metal vias, and the fourth metal vias are arranged symmetrically about the central axis of the first ground plane; wherein one end of the fourth metal via is connected with the first ground plane, and the other end of the fourth metal via is connected with the second ground plane.

[0020] Further, the first ground plane, the fourth metal via and the second ground plane form a grounded coplanar waveguide.

[0021] Further, the third metal layer, the third dielectric layer and the fourth metal layer are all provided with joint mounting through holes for mounting a solderless joint.

[0022] Further, it further comprises a first adhesive layer and a second adhesive layer; the first adhesive layer is used to bond the first dielectric layer and the second metal layer together; and the second adhesive layer is used to bond the second radiation layer and the third metal layer together.

[0023] The application also provides a manufacturing method of the millimeter wave broadband circularly polarized antenna array, comprising:

[0024] According to the design requirements of the antenna, a dielectric substrate is processed by using a PCB manufacturing process;

[0025] Based on the grounded coplanar waveguide and the magneto-electric dipole technology, a metal layer structure is realized by tin plating on the surface of the dielectric substrate, and the millimeter wave broadband circularly polarized antenna array is obtained.

[0026] Compared with the prior art, the application has the following beneficial effects:

[0027] The millimeter wave broadband circularly polarized antenna array provided by the application can effectively combine the magneto-electric dipole antenna and the grounded coplanar waveguide technology by designing a rectangular slot that rotates along the center of the antenna and a sequentially rotating feed network in the feed part, introducing metal vias in the radiation part, and introducing two groups of different metal patches as electric dipoles and combining them with the coupling slots acting as magnetic dipoles, so as to realize the millimeter wave broadband circularly polarized performance of the antenna together, meet the requirements of the millimeter wave mobile communication working frequency band, have the characteristics of large axial ratio bandwidth, easy processing, low loss and stable radiation pattern, and also have the advantage of high processing precision. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 The three-dimensional layered structure schematic diagram of the millimeter wave broadband circularly polarized antenna array provided by the present application;

[0029] Figure 2 The top view of the millimeter wave broadband circularly polarized antenna array in the present application;

[0030] Figure 3 The bottom view of the millimeter wave broadband circularly polarized antenna array in the present application;

[0031] Figure 4 The side view of the millimeter wave broadband circularly polarized antenna array in the present application;

[0032] Figure 5 The structure schematic diagram of the third metal layer in the present application;

[0033] Figure 6 The structure schematic diagram of the first radiation layer in the present application;

[0034] Figure 7 The structure schematic diagram of the second radiation layer in the present application;

[0035] Figure 8 The combined structure schematic diagram of the third metal layer and the fourth metal layer in the present application;

[0036] Figure 9 The structure schematic diagram of the fourth metal layer in the present application;

[0037] Figure 10 The return loss and axial ratio curve with frequency of the millimeter wave broadband circularly polarized antenna array in the present application;

[0038] Figure 11 The gain curve with frequency of the millimeter wave broadband circularly polarized antenna array in the present application;

[0039] Figure 12 The radiation pattern of the millimeter wave broadband circularly polarized antenna array in the present application at 26GHz, φ=0° and φ=90°;

[0040] Figure 13 The radiation pattern of the millimeter wave broadband circularly polarized antenna array in the present application at 28GHz, φ=0° and φ=90°;

[0041] Figure 14 The radiation pattern of the millimeter wave broadband circularly polarized antenna array in the present application at 30GHz, φ=0° and φ=90°;

[0042] Figure 15Radiation pattern of the millimeter wave broadband circularly polarized antenna array in the application at 32GHz, φ=0° and φ=90°;

[0043] Figure 16 Radiation pattern of the millimeter wave broadband circularly polarized antenna array in the application at 34GHz, φ=0° and φ=90°;

[0044] Figure 17 Radiation pattern of the millimeter wave broadband circularly polarized antenna array in the application at 36GHz, φ=0° and φ=90°;

[0045] Figure 18 Radiation pattern of the millimeter wave broadband circularly polarized antenna array in the application at 38GHz, φ=0° and φ=90°;

[0046] Figure 19 Radiation pattern of the millimeter wave broadband circularly polarized antenna array in the application at 40GHz, φ=0° and φ=90°.

[0047] Wherein, 1 first metal layer, 2 first dielectric layer, 3 first adhesive layer, 4 second metal layer, 5 second dielectric layer, 6 second adhesive layer, 7 third metal layer, 8 third dielectric layer, 9 fourth metal layer;21 first metal via;51 second metal via, 52 third metal via;71 rectangular slot, 72 first ground plane;81 fourth metal via;91 one-fourth microstrip feed network, 92 second ground plane. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0048] In order to make the technical problems solved by the application, the technical scheme and the beneficial effects more clearly and clearly, the following specific embodiments are used to further describe the application in detail. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the application, and are not used to limit the application.

[0049] As shown in the accompanying Figures 1-9 The application provides a millimeter wave broadband circularly polarized antenna array, which comprises a first radiation layer, a first adhesive layer 3, a second radiation layer, a second adhesive layer 6, a third metal layer 7, a third dielectric layer 8 and a fourth metal layer 9 which are sequentially stacked.

[0050] The first radiation layer and the second radiation layer are respectively used to directionally radiate the received electromagnetic waves into the free space; wherein, the first radiation layer and the second radiation layer realize the performance of the magnetoelectric dipole antenna by introducing metal vias; the first adhesive layer 3 is used to bond the first radiation layer and the second radiation layer together, and the second adhesive layer 6 is used to bond the second radiation layer and the third metal layer 7 together; the third metal layer 7 is used to couple the received electromagnetic waves to the first radiation layer and the second radiation layer based on slot coupling; wherein, the third metal layer 7 is also used to serve as the ground plane of the grounded coplanar waveguide; the third dielectric layer 8 is used to transmit the received electromagnetic waves to the third metal layer 7; wherein, the performance of the grounded coplanar waveguide is realized by introducing metal vias in the third dielectric layer 8; the fourth metal layer 9 is used to receive and transmit electromagnetic waves to the third dielectric layer 8 based on a sequential rotation feeding network; wherein, the fourth metal layer 9 is also used to serve as the ground plane of the grounded coplanar waveguide.

[0051] In the present invention, by combining the magnetoelectric dipole antenna and the grounded coplanar waveguide technology, rectangular slots that rotate sequentially along the center of the antenna and a feeding network for sequential rotation feeding are designed on the feeding structure, and two groups of rotationally symmetric electric dipoles and a group of rotationally symmetric parasitic patches are designed on the radiation structure. Together with the coupling slots that act as magnetic dipoles, the antenna achieves millimeter-wave broadband circular polarization performance, meeting the requirements of the millimeter-wave mobile communication operating frequency band.

[0052] As attached Figures 1-4 As shown in , 6, the first radiation layer includes a first metal layer 1 and a first dielectric layer 2, and the first metal layer 1 is arranged on the first surface of the first dielectric layer 2; wherein, the first metal layer 1 is used to combine with the first dielectric layer 2 to form the first radiation layer of the antenna array, so as to radiate the electromagnetic waves in the dielectric substrate to form electromagnetic waves in the free space; similarly, the first dielectric layer 2 is used to combine with the first metal layer 1 to form the first radiation layer of the antenna array, so as to convert the electromagnetic waves transmitted in the dielectric substrate of the lower layer into electromagnetic waves of the required frequency to form a directional beam.

[0053] The first metal layer 1 includes four groups of first patch units, the four groups of first patch units are arranged in a rectangular array and are symmetric about the center of the first dielectric layer 2; each group of the first patch units includes four first rectangular metal patches arranged in two rows and two columns; wherein, the structures of two first rectangular metal patches arranged at opposite angles are the same, and the structures of two adjacent first rectangular metal patches are different, that is, the four first rectangular metal patches arranged in two rows and two columns are rotationally symmetric about the center of the first patch unit; preferably, in each group of the first patch units, the sizes of the two first rectangular metal patches close to the center of the first dielectric layer 2 and the corner of the first dielectric layer 2 are greater than the sizes of the two first rectangular metal patches close to the center of the side edge of the first dielectric layer 2, that is, the two first rectangular metal patches close to the center of the first dielectric layer 2 and the corner of the first dielectric layer 2 adopt larger rectangular metal patches, and the two first rectangular metal patches close to the center of the side edge of the first dielectric layer 2 adopt smaller rectangular metal patches.

[0054] The first dielectric layer 2 is provided with four groups of first metal via units, the four groups of first metal via units are symmetric about the center of the first dielectric layer 2; each group of first metal via units includes two first metal vias 21 symmetric about the center of the first patch unit; wherein, the first end of the first metal via 21 is connected with the first rectangular metal patch, and the second end of the first metal via 21 is connected with the second metal layer 4 in the second radiation layer.

[0055] The size characteristics of the first radiation layer are as follows:

[0056] The size characteristics of the larger rectangular metal patch are as follows: long Lp 1×width Wp 1=2.7mm×2.4mm, and the size characteristics of the smaller rectangular metal patch are as follows: long Lp 2×width Wp 2=2.4mm×1.36mm; the horizontal distance of the larger rectangular metal patch from the center of the first patch unit is Lb 1, and the longitudinal distance of the larger rectangular metal patch from the center of the first patch unit is Wb 1, which are 0.31mm and 0.38mm respectively; the longitudinal distance between the larger rectangular metal patch and the smaller rectangular metal patch is Lb 1.9mm;

[0057] The size characteristics of the first dielectric layer 2 are as follows: long L 1×width W ×height H 1=22mm×22mm×0.254mm, and the radius of the first metal via 21 is R1 is 0.2 mm, and the lateral distance between the center of the first metal via 21 and the center of the first patch unit is d 1 and longitudinal distance d 2 are 0.625mm and 0.725mm respectively.

[0058] The first adhesive layer 3 is provided between the first radiation layer and the second radiation layer; wherein one side of the first adhesive layer 3 is bonded to the first dielectric layer 2 in the first radiation layer, and the other side of the first adhesive layer 3 is bonded to the second metal layer 4 in the second radiation layer, so as to bond the first dielectric layer 2 and the second metal layer 4 together; preferably, the size characteristics of the first adhesive layer 3 are: length L 1×Wide W ×Height H 2=22mm×22mm×0.1mm.

[0059] As attached Figures 1-4 As shown in Figure 7, the second radiation layer includes a second metal layer 4 and a second dielectric layer 5, and the second metal layer 4 is arranged on the first surface of the second dielectric layer 5; wherein the second metal layer 4 is used to combine with the second dielectric layer 5 to form the second radiation layer of the antenna array, so as to radiate the electromagnetic waves in the dielectric substrate to form electromagnetic waves in the free space; the second dielectric layer 5 is used to combine with the second metal layer 4 to form the second radiation layer of the antenna array, so as to convert the electromagnetic waves transmitted in the dielectric substrate of the lower layer into electromagnetic waves of the required frequency to form a directional beam.

[0060] The second metal layer 4 includes four groups of second patch units, which are arranged in two rows and two columns. Each group of second patch units includes two quarter-elliptical metal patches. The two quarter-elliptical metal patches are symmetrical about the center of the second patch unit, and the center of the two quarter-elliptical metal patches is cut by the rotated ellipse. Specifically, the four groups of second patch units are composed of a quarter-large elliptical patch cut by a rotated small ellipse. The size characteristics of the large ellipse are: the semi-major axis Px 1× semi-minor axis Py 1=2.6mm×2.2mm, the ellipse size characteristics are: semi-major axis Px 2× semi-minor axis Py 2 = 1.2mm × 0.6mm; the lateral distance from the center of the large ellipse to the center of the second patch unit Lb 2 and longitudinal distance Wb 2 are 2.2mm and 0.2mm respectively, the lateral distance between the center of the small ellipse and the center of the second patch unit Lb 3 and longitudinal distance Wb 3 are 2.4mm and 0.4mm respectively; the rotation angle of the small ellipse α45°.

[0061] The second dielectric layer 5 is provided with four groups of second metal via units, and the four groups of second metal via units are symmetric about the center of the second dielectric layer 5; each group of second metal via units includes two second metal vias 51 symmetric about the center of the second patch unit and two third metal vias 52 symmetric about the center of the second patch unit.

[0062] The size characteristics of the second dielectric layer 5 are: long L 1×wide W ×high H 3=22mm×22mm×0.381mm; the characteristic parameters of the second metal via 51 are the same as those of the first metal via 21, and the second metal via 51 coincides with the first metal via 21; specifically, the radius of the second metal via 51 is 0.2mm, the horizontal distance of the center of the second metal via 51 from the center of the second patch unit is 0.625mm, and the longitudinal distance is 0.725mm. R 1 d 1 d 2 R 2 d 3 d 4

[0063] The second adhesive layer 6 is arranged between the second radiation layer and the third metal layer 7; one side of the second adhesive layer 6 is adhered to the second dielectric layer 5 in the second radiation layer, and the other side of the second adhesive layer 6 is adhered to the third metal layer 7, so as to adhere the second dielectric layer 5 and the third metal layer 7 together; preferably, the size characteristics of the second adhesive layer 6 are: long L 1×wide W ×high H 2=22mm×22mm×0.1mm.

[0064] As shown in the accompanying drawings Figures 1-4, 5, 8, the third metal layer 7 is used for coupling electromagnetic energy in the third dielectric layer 8 into the first dielectric layer 2 and the second dielectric layer 5 through the coupling gap, and simultaneously serves as a ground plane of the grounded coplanar waveguide; specifically, the third metal layer 7 comprises a metal layer body and a first ground plane 72; the metal layer body and the first ground plane 72 are both arranged on a first surface of the third dielectric layer 8, and the first ground plane 72 is arranged at an end of the metal layer body; four rectangular gaps 71 arranged in sequence along the center of the metal layer body are arranged on the metal layer body, and the four rectangular gaps 71 arranged in sequence along the center of the metal layer body are used for realizing circular polarization of the antenna array and enabling electromagnetic energy in the feed network to be transmitted to the first dielectric layer 2 and the second dielectric layer 5 through the coupling gap.

[0065] The size characteristics of the third metal layer 7 are: long L 2×width W ×height H 4=28mm×22mm×0.035mm, the planar size of the metal layer body is the same as the planar size of the first dielectric layer 2 or the second dielectric layer 5; the size characteristics of the rectangular gap 71 are: long Ls ×width Ws =2.65mm×1.1mm, the transverse distance and the longitudinal distance L 3from the center of the rectangular gap 71 to the center of the first dielectric layer 2 or the second dielectric layer 5 are both 4.4mm.

[0066] It should be noted that the center of the metal layer body coincides with the center of the first dielectric layer 2 and the second dielectric layer 5, and the centers of the four groups of first patch units, the four groups of second patch units and the four rectangular gaps 71 coincide one by one.

[0067] As shown in the accompanying Figures 1-4 , the third dielectric layer 8 is used as a medium for coupling gaps for transmitting energy in the feed network to the third metal layer 7; the fourth metal via hole 81 is arranged on the third dielectric layer 8, and the fourth metal via hole 81 is arranged symmetrically about the central axis of the first ground plane 72; one end of the fourth metal via hole 81 is connected with the first ground plane 72, and the other end of the fourth metal via hole 81 is connected with the second ground plane 92 in the fourth metal layer 9; wherein the fourth metal via hole 81 is used for connecting between the first ground plane 72 and the second ground plane 92 to realize consistent grounding performance.

[0068] The size characteristics of the third dielectric layer 8 are: long L 2×width W ×height H5 = 28 mm × 22 mm × 0.254 mm; the radius of the fourth metal via 81 R 4 is 0.25 mm, and the distance between the center of the fourth metal via 81 and the central axis of the first ground plane 72 is d 5 is 1.5 mm; the distance between two adjacent fourth metal vias 81 located on the same side of the central axis of the first ground plane 72 is S The innermost fourth metal via is tangent to the second ground plane 92 .

[0069] As attached Figures 1-4 8-9, the fourth metal layer 9 serves as a feeding network for the millimeter-wave broadband circularly polarized antenna array to widen the circularly polarized bandwidth and feed the antenna array, while serving as two ground planes of a grounded coplanar waveguide; wherein the fourth metal layer 9 includes a one-to-four microstrip feeding network 91 and a second ground plane 92; the one-to-four microstrip feeding network 91 and the second ground plane 92 are both arranged on the second surface of the third dielectric layer 8, the center of the one-to-four microstrip feeding network 91 coincides with the center of the first radiating layer and the center of the second radiating layer, and the second ground plane 92 coincides with the first ground plane 72 in upper and lower directions;

[0070] The one-to-four microstrip feeding network 91 is provided with four output ports, and the output electromagnetic waves of the four output ports differ in phase by 90°, forming a feeding network for sequential rotation feeding; the second ground plane 92 includes two metal ground structures, the two metal ground structures are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the central axis of the first ground plane 72, and the two metal ground structures, the fourth metal via 81 and the first ground plane 72 form a grounded coplanar waveguide; specifically, the size characteristics of each metal ground structure are: length Lp 3×width Wp 3 = 6mm × 10.14mm; where Wp 3= W / 2- W 1, Lp 3= L 1- L 2, W 1 is the distance from the short side of the metal ground structure close to the inner side of the antenna to the central axis of the second ground plane 92.

[0071] It should be noted that the sequential rotation feeding network in the fourth metal layer 9 can broaden the circular polarization bandwidth of the antenna array and form a millimeter-wave broadband circularly polarized magnetoelectric dipole antenna array; the third metal layer 7, the third dielectric layer 8 and the fourth metal layer 9 are all provided with a connector mounting through hole, and the connector mounting through hole is used to install a solder-free connector; wherein the radius of the connector mounting through hole is R3 is 1 mm; the thickness of the first metal layer 1, the second metal layer 4, the third metal layer 7 and the fourth metal layer 9 are H 4. H 4 is 0.035mm.

[0072] Production process:

[0073] The manufacturing process of the millimeter-wave broadband circularly polarized antenna array described in the present invention is as follows:

[0074] According to the design requirements of the antenna, the PCB manufacturing process is adopted to obtain the dielectric substrate;

[0075] Based on the grounded coplanar waveguide and magnetoelectric dipole technology, a metal layer structure is realized by tinning on the surface of a dielectric substrate to obtain the millimeter-wave broadband circularly polarized antenna array.

[0076] The millimeter-wave broadband circularly polarized antenna array described in the present invention comprises a first metal layer 1, a first dielectric layer 2, a first adhesive layer 3, a second metal layer 4, a second dielectric layer 5, a second adhesive layer 6, a third metal layer 7, a third dielectric layer 8 and a fourth metal layer 9 stacked in sequence; the first metal layer 1 includes two rectangular patches, the first dielectric layer 2 is provided with a first metal via 21, and the first metal via is symmetrical about the center of the first patch unit; the first metal layer 1 is printed on the first surface of the first dielectric layer 2, constituting the first radiation layer of the antenna array, for directionally radiating the received electromagnetic waves into free space; wherein the first radiation layer includes antenna units arranged in a rotational manner along the center of the array, each antenna unit including two metal patches, two parasitic patches and two metal vias; the first The second metal layer 4 is printed on the first surface of the second dielectric layer 5, constituting the second radiation layer of the antenna array, which is used to directionally radiate the received electromagnetic waves into free space; wherein, the second radiation layer includes antenna units arranged in a rotational manner along the center of the array, and each antenna unit includes two metal patches and two metal vias; the second metal vias 51 and the third metal vias 52 in the second dielectric layer 5 are symmetrical about the center of the second patch unit; the third metal layer 7 is printed on the first surface of the third dielectric layer 8, and the fourth metal layer 9 is printed on the second surface of the third dielectric layer 8, constituting the feeding structure and the grounded coplanar waveguide structure of the antenna array; the present invention has the advantages of large impedance bandwidth, large axial ratio bandwidth, stable radiation pattern and high efficiency, and realizes the function of a better millimeter wave broadband circularly polarized antenna array.

[0077] In the present invention, grounded coplanar waveguide and magnetoelectric dipole technology are used to process the antenna array. The performance of the magnetoelectric dipole antenna is achieved by adding metal vias in the first and second dielectric layers, and the performance of the grounded coplanar waveguide is achieved by adding metal vias in the third dielectric layer. The advantage of the millimeter-wave magnetoelectric dipole antenna array processed by the grounded coplanar waveguide technology is that the processing technology is mature and the precision is high, which can significantly reduce the processing error and test error of the antenna array.

[0078] As attached Figures 10-11 As shown, attached Figure 10 The return loss and axial ratio of the millimeter wave broadband circularly polarized antenna array are shown in the figure. Figure 11 The gain curve of the millimeter wave broadband circularly polarized antenna array with frequency is given in the attached figure. Figure 10 It can be seen from the figure that the millimeter wave broadband circularly polarized antenna array is in the frequency range of 24.71-42GHz. 11 |<-10dB, the relative bandwidth is 51.84%; the millimeter wave broadband circularly polarized antenna array has an axial ratio AR<3dB in the frequency range of 24-41.82GHz, an axial ratio bandwidth of 54.15%, a frequency range overlapping with the impedance bandwidth of 24.71-41.82GHz, and an overlapping bandwidth of 51.44%; Figure 11 It can be seen that the millimeter wave broadband circularly polarized antenna array has a gain greater than 9dBic in the frequency range of 24-40GHz, and a maximum gain of 12.89dBic at 30.8GHz.

[0079] As attached Figures 12-19 As shown, attached Figures 12-19 The radiation patterns of the millimeter-wave broadband circularly polarized magnetoelectric dipole antenna array at 26 GHz, 28 GHz, 30 GHz, 32 GHz, 34 GHz, 36 GHz, 38 GHz and 40 GHz are given in the accompanying drawings. Figures 12-19 It can be seen from the figure that the millimeter wave broadband circularly polarized antenna array has good directivity.

[0080] The millimeter-wave broadband circularly polarized magnetoelectric dipole antenna array described in this embodiment combines magnetoelectric dipole antennas and grounded coplanar waveguide technology to achieve precise processing of magnetoelectric dipole antennas in the millimeter-wave frequency band; it has the characteristics of wide bandwidth, stable radiation pattern, low loss, and high processing precision; based on the ideas of the present invention, the design of millimeter-wave frequency band antennas can achieve miniaturization of antennas and high processing precision of magnetoelectric dipole antennas.

[0081] In the present invention, a magnetoelectric dipole antenna containing two groups of rotationally symmetric metal patches is used as the antenna unit, and a one-to-four microstrip power divider is used as the feed, ultimately realizing a millimeter-wave broadband circularly polarized antenna array that is easy to integrate and easy to process and can meet the requirements of the millimeter-wave communication system. Specifically, the circular polarization performance of the antenna is achieved by designing rectangular gaps that rotate sequentially along the center of the antenna, metal vias that are rotationally symmetric along the center of the antenna unit, and metal patches on the first metal layer and the second metal layer that are rotationally symmetric about the center of the antenna unit. A 2×2 circularly polarized array is designed, and a sequentially rotating feeding network is used to feed the circularly polarized array, thereby realizing a millimeter-wave broadband circularly polarized magnetoelectric dipole antenna array. The grounded coplanar waveguide technology is combined with the magnetoelectric dipole antenna to achieve high processing accuracy of the antenna, which can effectively reduce the loss problem of the magnetoelectric dipole antenna in the millimeter-wave frequency band.

[0082] The above embodiment is only one of the implementation methods that can realize the technical solution of the present invention. The scope of protection claimed by the present invention is not limited only to this embodiment, but also includes changes, replacements and other implementation methods that can be easily thought of by any technician familiar with this technical field within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention.

Claims

1. A millimeter-wave broadband circularly polarized antenna array, characterized in that: It comprises a first radiation layer, a second radiation layer, a third metal layer (7), a third dielectric layer (8) and a fourth metal layer (9) which are stacked in sequence; The fourth metal layer (9) is used to receive and transmit electromagnetic waves to the third dielectric layer (8) based on a sequential rotation feeding network; wherein the fourth metal layer (9) is also used to serve as a ground plane of a grounded coplanar waveguide; The third dielectric layer (8) is used to transmit the received electromagnetic wave to the third metal layer (7); wherein the performance of the grounded coplanar waveguide is achieved by introducing metal vias into the third dielectric layer (8); The third metal layer (7) is used to couple the received electromagnetic waves to the first radiation layer and the second radiation layer based on slot coupling; wherein the third metal layer (7) is also used to serve as a ground plane of the grounded coplanar waveguide; The first radiation layer and the second radiation layer are respectively used to directionally radiate the received electromagnetic waves into free space; wherein, the first radiation layer and the second radiation layer achieve the performance of a magnetoelectric dipole antenna by introducing metal vias; The first radiation layer comprises a first metal layer (1) and a first dielectric layer (2), wherein the first metal layer (1) is arranged on a first surface of the first dielectric layer (2); The first metal layer (1) comprises four groups of first patch units, which are distributed in a rectangular array; each group of the first patch units comprises four first rectangular metal patches arranged in two rows and two columns; wherein the structures of two diagonally arranged first rectangular metal patches are the same, and the structures of two adjacent first rectangular metal patches are different; Four groups of first metal via units are provided on the first dielectric layer (2), and the four groups of first metal via units are symmetrical about the center of the first dielectric layer (2); each group of first metal via units includes two first metal vias (21) that are symmetrical about the center of the first patch unit; wherein the first end of the first metal via (21) is connected to the first rectangular metal patch, and the second end of the first metal via (21) is connected to the second radiation layer; The second radiation layer comprises a second metal layer (4) and a second dielectric layer (5), wherein the second metal layer (4) is arranged on a first surface of the second dielectric layer (5); The second metal layer (4) includes four groups of second patch units, which are arranged in two rows and two columns; each group of the second patch units includes two quarter-elliptical metal patches; wherein the two quarter-elliptical metal patches are symmetrical about the center of the second patch unit, and the center portions of the two quarter-elliptical metal patches are cut off by a rotated ellipse; Four groups of second metal via units are provided on the second dielectric layer (5), and the four groups of second metal via units are symmetrical about the center of the second dielectric layer (5); each group of second metal via units includes two second metal vias (51) symmetrical about the center of the second patch unit and two third metal vias (52) symmetrical about the center of the second patch unit; The third metal layer (7) comprises a metal layer body and a first ground plane (72), and the metal layer body is provided with four rectangular slits (71) arranged in a rotational sequence along the center of the metal layer body.

2. The millimeter wave broadband circularly polarized antenna array according to claim 1, characterized in that: The metal layer body and the first ground plane (72) are both arranged on the first surface of the third dielectric layer (8), the center of the metal layer body coincides with the centers of the first radiation layer and the second radiation layer, and the first ground plane (72) is arranged at the end of the metal layer body.

3. The millimeter wave broadband circularly polarized antenna array according to claim 2, characterized in that: The fourth metal layer (9) includes a one-to-four microstrip feeding network (91) and a second ground plane (92); the one-to-four microstrip feeding network (91) and the second ground plane (92) are both arranged on the second surface of the third dielectric layer (8), and the center of the one-to-four microstrip feeding network (91) coincides with the centers of the first radiation layer and the second radiation layer; wherein the one-to-four microstrip feeding network (91) is provided with four output ports, and the output electromagnetic waves of the four output ports have a phase difference of 90°.

4. The millimeter wave broadband circularly polarized antenna array according to claim 3, characterized in that: A fourth metal via (81) is provided on the third dielectric layer (8), and the fourth metal via (81) is symmetrically arranged about the central axis of the first ground plane (72); wherein one end of the fourth metal via (81) is connected to the first ground plane (72), and the other end of the fourth metal via (81) is connected to the second ground plane (92).

5. The millimeter wave broadband circularly polarized antenna array according to claim 4, characterized in that: The first ground plane (72), the fourth metal via (81) and the second ground plane (92) form a grounded coplanar waveguide.

6. The millimeter wave broadband circularly polarized antenna array according to claim 4, characterized in that: The third metal layer (7), the third dielectric layer (8) and the fourth metal layer (9) are all provided with joint mounting through holes, and the joint mounting through holes are used for mounting solder-free joints.

7. The millimeter wave broadband circularly polarized antenna array according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a first adhesive layer (3) and a second adhesive layer (6); the first adhesive layer (3) is used to bond the first dielectric layer (2) and the second metal layer (4) together; the second adhesive layer (6) is used to bond the second radiation layer and the third metal layer (7) together.

8. The method for manufacturing a millimeter-wave broadband circularly polarized antenna array according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein: include: According to the design requirements of the antenna, the PCB manufacturing process is adopted to obtain the dielectric substrate; Based on the grounded coplanar waveguide and magnetoelectric dipole technology, a metal layer structure is realized by tinning on the surface of a dielectric substrate to obtain the millimeter-wave broadband circularly polarized antenna array.

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