Maximum sensitivity degradation

Abstract

The disclosure of the present specification provides a UE. The UE comprises: one or more transceivers; one or more processors; and one or more memories, the one or more memories may store instructions and are operatively connectable to the one or more processors, and operations performed by the one or more processors based on the instructions comprise the steps of: transmitting an uplink signal via the one or more transceivers; and receiving the downlink signal via the one or more transceivers, where the reference sensitivity that has been established with respect to the one or more transceivers for downlink reception may be relaxed by MSD.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This specification relates to radio communications. Background Art

[0002] The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Long Term Evolution (LTE) is a technology for implementing high-speed packet communications. Many schemes have been proposed for the LTE goals, including those aimed at reducing user and supplier costs, improving service quality, and expanding and improving coverage and system capacity. 3GPP LTE requires reduced cost per bit, increased service availability, flexible use of frequency bands, simple structure, open interfaces, and sufficient power consumption of terminals as upper layer requirements.

[0003] Development of requirements and specifications for New Radio (NR) systems has begun in the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) and 3GPP. 3GPP must identify and develop technical components for successful standardization of new RATs that will meet both immediate market needs and longer-term requirements set forth by the ITU Radiocommunication Sector (ITU-R) International Mobile Telecommunications (IMT)-2020 process in a timely manner. In addition, NR should be able to use any spectrum band in the range of at least up to 100 GHz that can be used for wireless communications even in the more distant future.

[0004] The goal of NR is a single technology framework that addresses all use cases, requirements and deployment scenarios, including enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), massive machine type communications (mMTC), ultra-reliable and low latency communications (URLLC), etc. NR should be inherently forward compatible.

[0005] A working frequency band combination for carrier aggregation (CA) may be newly added. For the newly added frequency band combination, the reception performance of the user equipment (UE) may be problematic due to coexistence issues. Summary of the invention

[0006] Technical Solution

[0007] In one aspect, a UE is provided. The UE includes: at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory, the at least one memory storing instructions and being electrically connected to the at least one processor in operation. The operations performed by the at least one processor based on the command may include: sending an uplink signal through the one or more transceivers; and receiving a downlink signal through the one or more transceivers, wherein the reference sensitivity set for the one or more transceivers for downlink reception is relaxed according to the MSD.

[0008] In another aspect, a method performed by a device is provided. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0009] Figure 1 An example of a communication system to which an implementation of the present disclosure is applied is shown.

[0010] Figure 2 An example of a wireless device to which an implementation of the present disclosure is applied is shown.

[0011] Figure 3 An example of a wireless device to which an implementation of the present disclosure is applied is shown.

[0012] Figure 4 An example of a radio frame structure of NR to which an implementation of the present disclosure is applied is shown.

[0013] Figure 5 An example of a time slot structure of an NR frame to which an implementation of the present disclosure is applied is shown.

[0014] Figure 6a A conceptual diagram illustrating an example of intra-band continuous CA. Figure 6b A conceptual diagram illustrating an example of intra-band non-contiguous CA.

[0015] Figure 7a A conceptual diagram illustrating an example of a combination of a lower frequency band and an upper frequency band for inter-band CA. Figure 7b A conceptual diagram illustrating an example of combining similar frequency bands for inter-band CA.

[0016] Figure 8 A first example of a situation in which an uplink signal transmitted via an uplink operating frequency band affects reception of a downlink signal via a downlink operating frequency band is illustrated.

[0017] Fig. 9 A first example of a coexistence problem based on CA of frequency bands n1, n41, and n79 according to one disclosed embodiment of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0018] Fig.10 A first example of interference paths according to a coexistence problem of CA based on frequency bands n1, n41, and n79 according to one disclosed embodiment of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0019] Fig.11 A second example of a coexistence problem based on CA of frequency bands n1, n41, and n79 according to one disclosed embodiment of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0020] Fig.12 is a second example of interference paths illustrating a coexistence problem according to CA based on frequency bands n1, n41, and n79 according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0021] Fig.13An example illustrating the coexistence problem of CA based on frequency bands n41, n77, and n79 according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0022] Fig.14 An example of interference paths according to a coexistence problem of CA based on frequency bands n41, n77, and n79 according to one embodiment of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0023] Fig.15 An example of a process according to one embodiment of the present disclosure is illustrated. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The following techniques, devices and systems can be applied to various wireless multiple access systems. Examples of multiple access systems include code division multiple access (CDMA) systems, frequency division multiple access (FDMA) systems, time division multiple access (TDMA) systems, orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems, single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) systems, and multi-carrier frequency division multiple access (MC-FDMA) systems. CDMA can be implemented by radio technologies such as Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA) or CDMA2000. TDMA can be implemented by radio technologies such as Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), or Enhanced Data Rate for GSM Evolution (EDGE). OFDMA can be implemented by radio technologies such as Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, or Evolved UTRA (E-UTRA). UTRA is part of Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS). 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Long Term Evolution (LTE) is a part of Evolved UMTS (E-UMTS) using E-UTRA. 3GPP LTE adopts OFDMA in DL and SC-FDMA in UL. The evolutions of 3GPP LTE include LTE-A (Advanced), LTE-A Pro and / or 5G NR (New Radio).

[0025] For ease of description, the implementation of the present disclosure is mainly described with respect to a 3GPP-based wireless communication system. However, the technical features of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. For example, although the following detailed description is given based on a mobile communication system corresponding to a 3GPP-based wireless communication system, aspects of the present disclosure that are not limited to a 3GPP-based wireless communication system are applicable to other mobile communication systems.

[0026] For terms and techniques not specifically described among the terms and techniques used in the present disclosure, reference may be made to wireless communication standard documents published prior to the present disclosure.

[0027] In the present disclosure, "A or B" may mean "only A", "only B", or "both A and B". In other words, "A or B" in the present disclosure may be interpreted as "A and / or B". For example, "A, B, or C" in the present disclosure may mean "only A", "only B", "only C", or "any combination of A, B, and C".

[0028] In the present disclosure, a slash ( / ) or a comma (,) may mean "and / or". For example, "A / B" may mean "A and / or B". Thus, "A / B" may mean "only A", "only B", or "both A and B". For example, "A, B, C" may mean "A, B, or C".

[0029] In the present disclosure, "at least one of A and B" may mean "only A", "only B", or "both A and B". In addition, the expression "at least one of A or B" or "at least one of A and / or B" in the present disclosure may be interpreted as being the same as "at least one of A and B".

[0030] In addition, in the present disclosure, "at least one of A, B, and C" may mean "only A", "only B", "only C", or "any combination of A, B, and C". In addition, "at least one of A, B, or C" or "at least one of A, B and / or C" may mean "at least one of A, B, and C".

[0031] In addition, the brackets used in the present disclosure may mean "for example". Specifically, when it is shown as "control information (PDCCH)", "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information". In other words, the "control information" in the present disclosure is not limited to "PDCCH", and "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information". In addition, even when it is shown as "control information (ie, PDCCH)", "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information".

[0032] The technical features described separately in one drawing of the present disclosure may be implemented separately or simultaneously.

[0033] Although not limited thereto, the various descriptions, functions, processes, suggestions, methods and / or operational flowcharts of the present disclosure disclosed herein may be applied to various fields requiring wireless communication and / or connection between devices (e.g., 5G).

[0034] Hereinafter, the present disclosure will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Unless otherwise specified, the same reference numerals in the following drawings and / or descriptions may refer to the same and / or corresponding hardware blocks, software blocks and / or functional blocks.

[0035] Although a user equipment (UE) is illustrated by way of example in the drawings, the illustrated UE may be referred to as a terminal, a mobile equipment (ME), etc. In addition, the UE may be a portable device such as a notebook computer, a mobile phone, a PDA, a smart phone, and a multimedia device, or may be a non-portable device such as a PC or a vehicle-mounted device.

[0036] In the following, UE is used as an example of a wireless communication device (or wireless device or wireless equipment) capable of wireless communication. The operation performed by the UE may be performed by a wireless communication device. The wireless communication device may also be referred to as a wireless device, a wireless equipment, etc. In the following, AMF may refer to an AMF node, SMF may refer to an SMF node, and UPF may refer to a UPF node.

[0037] The base station used below generally refers to a fixed station that communicates with wireless devices, and may also be referred to as an evolved NodeB (eNodeB), an evolved NodeB (eNB), a base transceiver system (BTS), an access point, and a next-generation NodeB (gNB).

[0038] Figure 1 An example of a communication system to which an implementation of the present disclosure is applied is shown.

[0039] Figure 1 The 5G usage scenarios shown in are only exemplary, and the technical features of the present disclosure can be applied to Figure 1 Other 5G usage scenarios not shown.

[0040] The three main requirement categories for 5G include (1) enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) category, (2) massive machine type communication (mMTC) category, and (3) ultra-reliable and low-latency communication (URLLC) category.

[0041] Some use cases may require multiple categories for optimization, and others may focus only on key performance indicators (KPIs). 5G supports these various use cases with a flexible and reliable approach.

[0042] eMBB goes far beyond basic mobile Internet access and covers a large number of two-way operations in the cloud and augmented reality as well as media and entertainment applications. Data is one of the core driving forces of 5G, and in the 5G era, dedicated voice services may not be provided for the first time. In 5G, it is expected that the data connection provided by the communication system will be used as an application to simply process voice. The main reason for the increase in traffic is due to the increase in content size and the increase in the number of applications that require high data transmission rates. As more devices are connected to the Internet, streaming services (audio and video), conversational video, and mobile Internet access will be more widely used. These many applications require connectivity in an always-on state to push real-time information and alerts to users. Cloud storage and applications are rapidly increasing in mobile communication platforms and can be applied to both operations and entertainment. Cloud storage is a special use case that accelerates the growth of uplink data transmission rates. 5G is also used for remote cloud operations. When using a tactile interface, 5G requires lower end-to-end latency to maintain a good experience for users. Entertainment (e.g., cloud games and video streaming) is another core element that increases the demand for mobile broadband capabilities. Entertainment is essential for smartphones and tablets anywhere, including in high mobility environments such as trains, vehicles and airplanes. Other use cases are augmented reality for entertainment and information search. In this case, augmented reality requires very low latency and instantaneous data volume.

[0043] Additionally, one of the most anticipated 5G use cases involves the ability to smoothly connect embedded sensors in all fields (i.e., mMTC). The number of potential Internet of Things (IoT) devices is expected to reach 20.4 billion by 2020. Industrial IoT is one of the categories that plays a major role in enabling smart cities, asset tracking, smart utilities, agriculture, and security infrastructure through 5G.

[0044] URLLC includes new services that will transform industries (e.g., autonomous vehicles) through remote control of key infrastructure and ultra-reliable / available low-latency links. To control smart grids, automate industry, enable robotics, and control and regulate drones, the level of reliability and latency is critical.

[0045] 5G is a means of providing streaming services estimated at a few hundred megabits per second to a gigabit per second, and can complement fiber to the home (FTTH) and cable-based broadband (or DOCSIS). Such fast speeds are needed to deliver 4K or higher (6K, 8K and higher) resolution TV as well as virtual reality and augmented reality. Virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) applications include virtually immersive sports games. Specific applications may require special network configurations. For example, for VR games, gaming companies need to merge core servers into network operators' edge network servers to minimize latency.

[0046] Along with many use cases for mobile communications for vehicles, it is expected that cars will become a new important driving force in 5G. For example, the entertainment of passengers requires high simultaneous capacity and mobile broadband with high mobility. This is because future users continue to expect high-quality connections regardless of their location and speed. Another use case in the automotive field is the AR dashboard. The AR dashboard enables the driver to identify objects in the dark in addition to the objects seen from the front window, and displays the distance to the object and the movement of the object by overlapping the information told to the driver. In the future, wireless modules will enable communication between vehicles, information exchange between vehicles and supporting infrastructure, and information exchange between cars and other connected devices (e.g., devices attached to pedestrians). The safety system guides alternative behavior processes so that drivers can drive more safely, thereby reducing the risk of accidents. The next stage will be remote control or autonomous vehicles. This requires very high reliability and very fast communication between different autonomous vehicles and between vehicles and infrastructure. In the future, autonomous vehicles will perform all driving activities, and drivers will only focus on abnormal traffic that cannot be recognized by the vehicle. The technical requirements of autonomous vehicles require ultra-low latency and ultra-high reliability to increase traffic safety to a level that humans cannot reach.

[0047] Smart cities and smart homes / buildings, known as smart societies, will be embedded in high-density wireless sensor networks. Distributed networks of smart sensors will identify conditions for cost and energy-saving maintenance in cities or homes. Similar configurations can be performed for individual homes. Temperature sensors, window and heating controllers, burglar alarms, and home appliances are all wirelessly connected. Many of these sensors typically have low data transfer rates, power, and costs. However, certain types of devices may require real-time HD video to perform monitoring.

[0048] The consumption and distribution of energy, including heat or gas, is distributed at a higher level, requiring automatic control of a distributed sensor network. Smart grids collect information and use digital information and communication technologies to connect sensors to each other to act according to the collected information. Since this information can include the behavior of power supply companies and consumers, smart grids can improve the distribution of fuels such as electricity by methods with efficiency, reliability, economic viability, production sustainability and automation. Smart grids can also be considered as another sensor network with low latency.

[0049] Mission-critical applications (e.g., e-health) are one of the 5G use cases. The health segment contains many applications that can enjoy the benefits of mobile communications. The communication system can support telemedicine that provides clinical treatment in distant places. Telemedicine can help reduce distance barriers and improve access to medical services that are not continuously available in remote rural areas. Telemedicine is also used to perform important treatments and save lives in emergency situations. Wireless sensor networks based on mobile communications can provide remote monitoring and sensors for parameters such as heart rate and blood pressure.

[0050] Wireless and mobile communications are becoming increasingly important in the field of industrial applications. Cabling is expensive to install and maintain. Therefore, the possibility of replacing cables with reconfigurable wireless links is an attractive opportunity in many industrial fields. However, in order to achieve this replacement, wireless connections need to be established with latency, reliability and capacity similar to cables, and the management of wireless connections needs to be simplified. When it comes to connecting to 5G, low latency and very low error probability are new requirements.

[0051] Logistics and freight tracking are important use cases for mobile communications, which allow inventory and packages to be tracked anywhere using location-based information systems. Logistics and freight use cases typically require low data rates, but require location information with wide range and reliability.

[0052] Reference Figure 1 , the communication system 1 includes wireless devices 100a to 100f, a base station (BS) 200, and a network 300. Figure 1 A 5G network is shown as an example of a network of the communication system 1, but implementations of the present disclosure are not limited to the 5G system and may be applied to future communication systems other than the 5G system.

[0053] The BS 200 and the network 300 may be implemented as wireless devices, and a specific wireless device may operate as a BS / network node relative to other wireless devices.

[0054] The wireless devices 100a to 100f represent devices that perform communication using a radio access technology (RAT) (e.g., 5G new RAT (NR) or LTE), and may be referred to as communication / radio / 5G devices. The wireless devices may include, but are not limited to, a robot 100a, vehicles 100b-1 and 100b-2, an extended reality (XR) device 100c, a handheld device 100d, a home appliance 100e, an IoT device 100f, and an artificial intelligence (AI) device / server 400. For example, a vehicle may include a vehicle with a wireless communication function, an autonomous vehicle, and a vehicle capable of performing communication between vehicles. A vehicle may include an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) (e.g., a drone). The XR device may include an AR / VR / mixed reality (MR) device, and may be implemented in the form of a head-mounted device (HMD), a head-up display (HUD) installed in a vehicle, a television, a smart phone, a computer, a wearable device, a home appliance device, a digital signage, a vehicle, a robot, and the like. Handheld devices may include smart phones, smart boards, wearable devices (e.g., smart watches or smart glasses), and computers (e.g., notebooks). Home appliances may include TVs, refrigerators, and washing machines. IoT devices may include sensors and smart meters.

[0055] In the present disclosure, the wireless devices 100a to 100f may be referred to as user equipment (UE). The UE may include, for example, a cellular phone, a smart phone, a laptop computer, a digital broadcast terminal, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a portable multimedia player (PMP), a navigation system, a tablet personal computer (PC), a tablet PC, an ultrabook, a vehicle, a vehicle with an autonomous driving function, a connected car, a UAV, an AI module, a robot, an AR device, a VR device, an MR device, a holographic device, a public safety device, an MTC device, an IoT device, a medical device, a FinTech device (or a financial device), a security device, a weather / environmental device, a device related to 5G services, or a device related to the field of the fourth industrial revolution.

[0056] A UAV may be, for example, an aircraft that is flown by wireless control signals without humans on board.

[0057] VR devices may include, for example, devices for realizing objects or backgrounds of a virtual world. AR devices may include, for example, devices realized by connecting objects or backgrounds of a virtual world to objects or backgrounds of a real world. MR devices may include, for example, devices realized by merging objects or backgrounds of a virtual world into objects or backgrounds of a real world. Holographic devices may include, for example, devices for realizing 360-degree stereoscopic images by recording and reproducing stereoscopic information using an interference phenomenon of light generated when two lasers meet, called holography.

[0058] Public safety devices may include, for example, image relay devices or image devices wearable on a user's body.

[0059] MTC devices and IoT devices may be devices that do not require direct human intervention or manipulation, for example. For example, MTC devices and IoT devices may include smart meters, vending machines, thermometers, smart light bulbs, door locks, or various sensors.

[0060] For example, a medical device may be a device for the purpose of diagnosing, treating, alleviating, curing or preventing a disease. For example, a medical device may be a device for the purpose of diagnosing, treating, alleviating or correcting an injury or disorder. For example, a medical device may be a device for the purpose of inspecting, replacing or modifying a structure or function. For example, a medical device may be a device for the purpose of regulating pregnancy. For example, a medical device may include a device for treatment, a device for surgery, a device for (in vitro) diagnosis, a hearing aid or a device for surgery.

[0061] For example, a safety device may be a device installed to prevent possible danger and maintain safety. For example, a safety device may be a camera, a closed-circuit television (CCTV), a recorder, or a black box.

[0062] For example, a FinTech device may be a device that can provide financial services such as mobile payment. For example, a FinTech device may include a payment device or a point of sale (POS) system.

[0063] Weather / environmental devices may include, for example, devices for monitoring or predicting weather / environmental conditions.

[0064] The wireless devices 100a to 100f may be connected to the network 300 via the BS 200. The AI ​​technology may be applied to the wireless devices 100a to 100f, and the wireless devices 100a to 100f may be connected to the AI ​​server 400 via the network 300. The network 300 may be configured using a 3G network, a 4G (e.g., LTE) network, a 5G (e.g., NR) network, and a super 5G network. Although the wireless devices 100a to 100f may communicate with each other via the BS 200 / network 300, the wireless devices 100a to 100f may perform direct communication (e.g., side link communication) with each other without passing through the BS 200 / network 300. For example, the vehicles 100b-1 and 100b-2 may perform direct communication (e.g., vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) / vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication). An IoT device (e.g., a sensor) may perform direct communication with other IoT devices (e.g., a sensor) or other wireless devices 100a to 100f.

[0065] Wireless communication / connection 150a, 150b, and 150c may be established between wireless devices 100a to 100f and / or between wireless devices 100a to 100f and BS 200 and / or between BS 200. In this document, wireless communication / connection may be established through various RATs (e.g., 5G NR) such as uplink / downlink communication 150a, sidelink communication (or device-to-device (D2D) communication) 150b, inter-base station communication 150c (e.g., relay, integrated access and backhaul (IAB)), etc. The wireless devices 100a to 100f and BS 200 / wireless devices 100a to 100f may send / receive radio signals to each other through wireless communication / connection 150a, 150b, and 150c. For example, wireless communication / connection 150a, 150b, and 150c may send / receive signals through various physical channels. To this end, various configuration information configuration processes for sending / receiving radio signals, various signal processing processes (e.g., channel coding / decoding, modulation / demodulation, and resource mapping / demapping), and at least a portion of a resource allocation process may be performed based on various proposals of the present disclosure.

[0066] AI means the field that studies artificial intelligence or methods that can create it, and machine learning refers to the field that defines the various problems addressed in the field of AI and methods to solve them. Machine learning is also defined as an algorithm that improves the performance of a task through steady experience with the task.

[0067] A robot means a machine that automatically processes or operates a given task by its own ability. Specifically, a robot that has the ability to recognize the environment and make self-determination to perform actions can be called an intelligent robot. According to the purpose or field of use, robots can be classified into industrial, medical, household, military, etc. The robot can perform various physical operations such as moving the robot joints using actuators or motors. The movable robot also includes wheels, brakes, propellers, etc. on the drive, allowing it to drive on the ground or fly in the air.

[0068] Autonomous driving means the technology of self-driving, and autonomous vehicles mean vehicles that are driven without user control or with minimal user control. For example, autonomous driving may include keeping lane movement, automatically adjusting speed (e.g., adaptive cruise control), automatically driving along a set route, and automatically setting a route when a destination is set. Vehicles include vehicles equipped with internal combustion engines, hybrid vehicles equipped with internal combustion engines and electric motors, and electric vehicles equipped with electric motors, and may include trains, motorcycles, etc. as well as cars. Autonomous vehicles can be regarded as robots with autonomous driving capabilities.

[0069] Extended reality is collectively referred to as VR, AR, and MR. VR technology only provides objects and backgrounds of the real world through computer graphics (CG) images. AR technology provides virtual CG images on top of real object images. MR technology is a CG technology that combines virtual objects into the real world. MR technology is similar to AR technology in that they show real objects and virtual objects together. However, the difference is that in AR technology, virtual objects are used as a complementary form of real objects, while in MR technology, virtual objects and real objects are used as the same characteristics.

[0070] NR supports multiple parameter sets (and / or multiple subcarrier spacing (SCS)) to support various 5G services. For example, if the SCS is 15kHz, wide areas can be supported in traditional cellular bands, and if the SCS is 30kHz / 60kHz, dense cities, lower latency, and wider carrier bandwidths can be supported. If the SCS is 60kHz or higher, bandwidths greater than 24.25GHz can be supported to overcome phase noise.

[0071] The NR frequency band may be defined as two types of frequency ranges, namely, FR1 and FR2. The numerical values ​​of the frequency ranges may vary. For example, the two types of frequency ranges (FR1 and FR2) may be as shown in Table 1. For ease of explanation, in the frequency ranges used in the NR system, FR1 may mean "below 6 GHz range", FR2 may mean "above 6 GHz range", and may be referred to as millimeter wave (mmW). FR2 may include FR 2-1 and FR 2-2 as shown in the examples of Tables 1 and 2.

[0072] [Table 1]

[0073]

[0074] As described above, the numerical value of the frequency range of the NR system can be changed. For example, FR1 may include a frequency band of 410 MHz to 7125 MHz as shown in Table 2 below. That is, FR1 may include a frequency band of 6 GHz (or 5850 MHz, 5900 MHz, 5925 MHz, etc.) or higher. For example, a frequency band of 6 GHz (or 5850 MHz, 5900 MHz, 5925 MHz, etc.) or higher included in FR1 may include an unlicensed frequency band. The unlicensed frequency band can be used for various purposes (e.g., for communication of vehicles (e.g., autonomous driving)).

[0075] [Table 2]

[0076]

[0077] Here, the radio communication technology implemented in the wireless device in the present disclosure may include narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) technology for low-power communication as well as LTE, NR and 6G. For example, NB-IoT technology may be an example of a low-power wide area network (LPWAN) technology, which may be implemented in specifications such as LTE Cat NB1 and / or LTE Cat NB2, and may not be limited to the above names. Additionally and / or alternatively, the radio communication technology implemented in the wireless device in the present disclosure may communicate based on LTE-M technology. For example, LTE-M technology may be an example of LPWAN technology, and may be referred to as various names such as enhanced machine type communication (eMTC). For example, LTE-M technology may be implemented in at least one of various specifications such as 1) LTE Cat 0, 2) LTE Cat M1, 3) LTE Cat M2, 4) LTE non-bandwidth limited (non-BL), 5) LTE-MTC, 6) LTE machine type communication and / or 7) LTE M, and may not be limited to the above names. Additionally and / or alternatively, the radio communication technology implemented in the wireless device in the present disclosure may include at least one of ZigBee, Bluetooth, and / or LPWAN considering low-power communication, and may not be limited to the above names. For example, ZigBee technology may generate a personal area network (PAN) associated with low-power / low-power digital communication based on various specifications such as IEEE 802.15.4, and may be referred to as various names.

[0078] Figure 2 An example of a wireless device to which an implementation of the present disclosure is applied is shown.

[0079] Reference Figure 2 , the first wireless device 100 and the second wireless device 200 may transmit / receive radio signals to / from an external device through various RATs (eg, LTE and NR).

[0080] exist Figure 2 In the example, {the first wireless device 100 and the second wireless device 200} may correspond to Figure 1 At least one of {wireless devices 100a to 100f and BS200}, {wireless devices 100a to 100f and wireless devices 100a to 100f} and / or {BS200 and BS200}.

[0081] The first wireless device 100 may include at least one transceiver (eg, transceiver 106 ), at least one processing chip (eg, processing chip 101 ), and / or one or more antennas 108 .

[0082] The processing chip 101 may include at least one processor (eg, processor 102 ) and at least one memory (eg, memory 104 ). Figure 2 It is exemplarily shown that the memory 104 is included in the processing chip 101. Additionally and / or alternatively, the memory 104 may be placed outside the processing chip 101.

[0083] The processor 102 may control the memory 104 and / or the transceiver 106, and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, processes, suggestions, methods, and / or operational flow charts described in the present disclosure. For example, the processor 102 may process the information in the memory 104 to generate first information / signals, and then send a radio signal including the first information / signals through the transceiver 106. The processor 102 may receive a radio signal including second information / signals through the transceiver 106, and then store information obtained by processing the second information / signals in the memory 104.

[0084] The memory 104 may be operatively connected to the processor 102. The memory 104 may store various types of information and / or instructions. The memory 104 may store software code 105 implementing instructions that, when executed by the processor 102, perform the descriptions, functions, processes, suggestions, methods, and / or operational flow charts disclosed in the present disclosure. For example, the software code 105 may implement instructions that, when executed by the processor 102, perform the descriptions, functions, processes, suggestions, methods, and / or operational flow charts disclosed in the present disclosure. For example, the software code 105 may control the processor 102 to execute one or more protocols. For example, the software code 105 may control the processor 102 to execute one or more layers of a radio interface protocol.

[0085] In this document, the processor 102 and the memory 104 may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement a RAT (e.g., LTE or NR). The transceiver 106 may be connected to the processor 102 and transmit and / or receive radio signals through one or more antennas 108. Each transceiver 106 may include a transmitter and / or a receiver. The transceiver 106 may be used interchangeably with a radio frequency (RF) unit. In the present disclosure, the first wireless device 100 may represent a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0086] The second wireless device 200 may include at least one transceiver (eg, transceiver 206 ), at least one processing chip (eg, processing chip 201 ), and / or one or more antennas 208 .

[0087] The processing chip 201 may include at least one processor (eg, processor 202 ) and at least one memory (eg, memory 204 ). Figure 2It is exemplarily shown that the memory 204 is included in the processing chip 201. Additionally and / or alternatively, the memory 204 may be placed outside the processing chip 201.

[0088] The processor 202 may control the memory 204 and / or the transceiver 206, and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, processes, suggestions, methods, and / or operational flow charts described in the present disclosure. For example, the processor 202 may process the information in the memory 204 to generate third information / signals, and then send a radio signal including the third information / signals through the transceiver 206. The processor 202 may receive a radio signal including fourth information / signals through the transceiver 106, and then store information obtained by processing the fourth information / signals in the memory 204.

[0089] The memory 204 may be operatively connected to the processor 202. The memory 204 may store various types of information and / or instructions. The memory 204 may store software code 205 implementing instructions that, when executed by the processor 202, perform the descriptions, functions, processes, suggestions, methods, and / or operational flow charts disclosed in the present disclosure. For example, the software code 205 may implement instructions that, when executed by the processor 202, perform the descriptions, functions, processes, suggestions, methods, and / or operational flow charts disclosed in the present disclosure. For example, the software code 205 may control the processor 202 to execute one or more protocols. For example, the software code 205 may control the processor 202 to execute one or more layers of a radio interface protocol.

[0090] In this document, the processor 202 and the memory 204 may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement a RAT (e.g., LTE or NR). The transceiver 206 may be connected to the processor 202 and transmit and / or receive radio signals through one or more antennas 208. Each transceiver 206 may include a transmitter and / or a receiver. The transceiver 206 may be used interchangeably with an RF unit. In the present disclosure, the second wireless device 200 may represent a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0091] Hereinafter, the hardware elements of the wireless devices 100 and 200 will be described in more detail. One or more protocol layers may be implemented by (but not limited to) one or more processors 102 and 202. For example, one or more processors 102 and 202 may implement one or more layers (e.g., functional layers such as a physical (PHY) layer, a medium access control (MAC) layer, a radio link control (RLC) layer, a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer, a radio resource control (RRC) layer, and a service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) layer). One or more processors 102 and 202 may generate one or more protocol data units (PDUs) and / or one or more service data units (SDUs) according to the description, function, process, suggestion, method, and / or operation flowchart disclosed in the present disclosure. One or more processors 102 and 202 may generate messages, control information, data, or information according to the description, function, process, suggestion, method, and / or operation flowchart disclosed in the present disclosure. One or more processors 102 and 202 may generate a signal (e.g., a baseband signal) including a PDU, SDU, message, control information, data, or information according to the description, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure, and provide the generated signal to one or more transceivers 106 and 206. One or more processors 102 and 202 may receive a signal (e.g., a baseband signal) from one or more transceivers 106 and 206 according to the description, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure, and obtain the PDU, SDU, message, control information, data, or information.

[0092] One or more processors 102 and 202 may be referred to as controllers, microcontrollers, microprocessors, or microcomputers. One or more processors 102 and 202 may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. As an example, one or more application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), one or more digital signal processors (DSPs), one or more digital signal processing devices (DSPDs), one or more programmable logic devices (PLDs), or one or more field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) may be included in one or more processors 102 and 202. The descriptions, functions, processes, suggestions, methods, and / or operational flow charts disclosed in the present disclosure may be implemented using firmware or software, and the firmware or software may be configured to include modules, processes, or functions. Firmware or software configured to execute the descriptions, functions, processes, suggestions, methods, and / or operational flow charts disclosed in the present disclosure may be included in one or more processors 102 and 202 or stored in one or more memories 104 and 204 so as to be driven by one or more processors 102 and 202. The descriptions, functions, processes, suggestions, methods and / or operational flow charts disclosed in this disclosure may be implemented using software or firmware in the form of codes, commands and / or command sets.

[0093] One or more memories 104 and 204 may be connected to one or more processors 102 and 202 and store various types of data, signals, messages, information, programs, codes, instructions, and / or commands. One or more memories 104 and 204 may be configured by read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), flash memory, hard drive, register, flash memory, computer-readable storage medium, and / or a combination thereof. One or more memories 104 and 204 may be located inside and / or outside of one or more processors 102 and 202. One or more memories 104 and 204 may be connected to one or more processors 102 and 202 by various technologies such as wired or wireless connections.

[0094] One or more transceivers 106 and 206 can send user data, control information and / or radio signals / channels mentioned in the description, function, process, suggestion, method and / or operation flow chart disclosed in the present disclosure to one or more other devices. One or more transceivers 106 and 206 can receive user data, control information and / or radio signals / channels mentioned in the description, function, process, suggestion, method and / or operation flow chart disclosed in the present disclosure from one or more other devices. For example, one or more transceivers 106 and 206 can be connected to one or more processors 102 and 202 and send and receive radio signals. For example, one or more processors 102 and 202 can perform control so that one or more transceivers 106 and 206 can send user data, control information or radio signals to one or more other devices. One or more processors 102 and 202 can perform control so that one or more transceivers 106 and 206 can receive user data, control information or radio signals from one or more other devices.

[0095] One or more transceivers 106 and 206 may be connected to one or more antennas 108 and 208, and one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may be configured to transmit and receive user data, control information, and / or radio signals / channels mentioned in the descriptions, functions, processes, suggestions, methods, and / or operation flow charts disclosed in the present disclosure through one or more antennas 108 and 208. In the present disclosure, one or more antennas 108 and 208 may be multiple physical antennas or multiple logical antennas (e.g., antenna ports).

[0096] One or more transceivers 106 and 206 may convert received user data, control information, radio signals / channels, etc. from RF band signals into baseband signals so as to process the received user data, control information, radio signals / channels, etc. using one or more processors 102 and 202. One or more transceivers 106 and 206 may convert user data, control information, radio signals / channels, etc. processed using one or more processors 102 and 202 from baseband signals into RF band signals. To this end, one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may include (analog) oscillators and / or filters. For example, one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may up-convert OFDM baseband signals into OFDM signals through their (analog) oscillators and / or filters under the control of one or more processors 102 and 202, and transmit the up-converted OFDM signals at a carrier frequency. One or more transceivers 106 and 206 may receive the OFDM signal at a carrier frequency and down-convert the OFDM signal to an OFDM baseband signal through its (analog) oscillator and / or filter under the control of one or more processors 102 and 202 .

[0097] In an implementation of the present disclosure, a UE may operate as a transmitting device in an uplink (UL) and as a receiving device in a downlink (DL). Within an implementation of the present disclosure, a BS may operate as a receiving device in the UL and as a transmitting device in the DL. In the following, for ease of description, it is mainly assumed that the first wireless device 100 acts as a UE and the second wireless device 200 acts as a BS. For example, a processor 102 connected to, installed on, or started in the first wireless device 100 may be configured to perform UE behavior according to an implementation of the present disclosure, or to control a transceiver 106 to perform UE behavior according to an implementation of the present disclosure. A processor 202 connected to, installed on, or started in the second wireless device 200 may be configured to perform BS behavior according to an implementation of the present disclosure, or to control a transceiver 206 to perform BS behavior according to an implementation of the present disclosure.

[0098] In this disclosure, a BS is also referred to as a Node B (NB), an eNodeB (eNB), or a gNB.

[0099] Figure 3 An example of a wireless device to which an implementation of the present disclosure is applied is shown.

[0100] Can be based on use cases / services (see Figure 1 ) Wireless devices are implemented in various forms.

[0101] Reference Figure 3, the wireless devices 100 and 200 may correspond to Figure 2 The wireless devices 100 and 200 of the present invention may be configured by various elements, components, units / parts and / or modules. For example, each of the wireless devices 100 and 200 may include a communication unit 110, a control unit 120, a memory unit 130 and an additional component 140. The communication unit 110 may include a communication circuit 112 and a transceiver 114. For example, the communication circuit 112 may include Figure 2 One or more processors 102 and 202 and / or Figure 2 One or more memories 104 and 204. For example, the transceiver 114 may include Figure 2 One or more transceivers 106 and 206 and / or Figure 2 The control unit 120 is electrically connected to the communication unit 110, the memory unit 130, and the additional components 140, and controls the overall operation of each of the wireless devices 100 and 200. For example, the control unit 120 may control the electrical / mechanical operation of each of the wireless devices 100 and 200 based on the program / code / command / information stored in the memory unit 130. The control unit 120 may transmit information stored in the memory unit 130 to the outside (e.g., other communication devices) through a wireless / wired interface via the communication unit 110, or store information received from the outside (e.g., other communication devices) through a wireless / wired interface via the communication unit 110 in the memory unit 130.

[0102] The additional component 140 may be variously configured according to the type of the wireless devices 100 and 200. For example, the additional component 140 may include at least one of a power supply unit / battery, an input / output (I / O) unit (e.g., an audio I / O port, a video I / O port), a driving unit, and a computing unit. The wireless devices 100 and 200 may be in the form of (but not limited to) a robot ( Figure 1 100a), vehicles ( Figure 1 100b-1 and 100b-2), XR devices ( Figure 1 100c), handheld device ( Figure 1 100d), household appliances ( Figure 1 100e), IoT devices ( Figure 1 100f), digital broadcasting terminal, holographic device, public safety device, MTC device, medical device, FinTech device (or financial device), security device, climate / environmental device, AI server / device ( Figure 1 400), BS( Figure 1be implemented in the form of wireless devices 100, 200), network nodes, etc. The wireless devices 100 and 200 can be used in mobile or fixed positions according to usage examples / services.

[0103] In Figure 3 , various elements, components, units / parts, and / or modules in the wireless devices 100 and 200 can be connected to each other through a wired interface, or at least a part of them can be wirelessly connected through the communication unit 110. For example, in each of the wireless devices 100 and 200, the control unit 120 and the communication unit 110 can be wired-connected, and the control unit 120 and the first units (e.g., 130 and 140) can be wirelessly connected through the communication unit 110. Each element, component, unit / part, and / or module within the wireless devices 100 and 200 can also include one or more elements. For example, the control unit 120 can be configured by a set of one or more processors. As an example, the control unit 120 can be configured by a set of a communication control processor, an application processor (AP), an electronic control unit (ECU), a graphics processing unit, and a memory control processor. As another example, the memory unit 130 can be configured by RAM, DRAM, ROM, flash memory, volatile memory, non-volatile memory, and / or a combination thereof.

[0104] <Working frequency bands of NR>

[0105] The working frequency bands in NR are as follows.

[0106] The working frequency bands in Table 3 below are the working frequency bands converted (refarmed) from the working frequency bands of LTE / LTE-A. This can be referred to as the FR1 band.

[0107] [Table 3]

[0108]

[0109] The following table shows the NR working frequency bands defined at high frequencies. This is called the FR2 band.

[0110] [Table 4]

[0111]

[0112] <Overview of 6G systems>

[0113] The 6G (wireless communication) system has purposes such as (i) very high data rates per device, (ii) a very large number of connected devices, (iii) global connectivity, (iv) very low latency, (v) reduced energy consumption of battery-free IoT devices, (vi) ultra-reliable connectivity, and (vii) connected intelligence with machine learning capabilities. The conception of the 6G system may include four aspects such as "intelligent connectivity", "deep connectivity", "holographic connectivity", and "universal connectivity", and the 6G system may meet the requirements shown in Table 5 below. That is, Table 5 shows the requirements of the 6G system.

[0114] [Table 5]

[0115] Peak data rate per device 1Tbps E2E Latency 1ms Maximum spectral efficiency 100bps / Hz Mobility support Up to 1000km / hr Satellite Integration completely AI completely Autonomous Vehicles completely XR completely Tactile communication completely

[0116] The 6G system may have key factors such as enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC), massive machine type communications (mMTC), AI integrated communications, tactile Internet, high throughput, high network capacity, high energy efficiency, low backhaul and access network congestion, and enhanced data security.

[0117] Figure 4 is a diagram showing an example of a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system.

[0118] The 6G system will have 50 times higher simultaneous wireless communication connectivity than the 5G wireless communication system. In 6G communication, URLLC (a key feature of 5G) will become a more important technology by providing an end-to-end delay of less than 1ms. At this time, unlike the frequently used regional spectrum efficiency, the 6G system can have much better volumetric spectrum efficiency (volumetricspectrum efficiency). The 6G system can provide advanced battery technology for energy collection and very long battery life. Therefore, in the 6G system, mobile devices may not need to be charged separately. In addition, in 6G, new network features may be as follows.

[0119] -Satellite integrated network: To provide global mobile groups, 6G will be integrated with satellites. Integrating ground waves, satellites, and public networks into one wireless communication system may be very important for 6G.

[0120] -Connected Intelligence: Unlike previous generations of wireless communication systems, 6G is revolutionary, and wireless evolution can be updated from "connecting things" to "connected intelligence." AI can be applied to every step of the communication process (or every step of the signal processing process described below).

[0121] - Seamless integration of wireless information and energy transfer: 6G wireless networks can deliver power to charge the batteries of devices such as smartphones and sensors. Therefore, wireless information and energy transfer (WIET) will be integrated.

[0122] -Ubiquitous super 3-dimemtion connectivity: Access to networks and core network functions from drones and very low earth orbit satellites will establish super 3D connectivity ubiquitously in 6G.

[0123] Among the new network features of 6G, several general requirements can be as follows

[0124] -Small cell network: The idea of ​​small cell network is introduced to improve the throughput, energy efficiency and spectrum efficiency in cellular systems to improve the quality of received signals. Therefore, small cell network is a basic feature for 5G and beyond 5G (5GB) communication systems. Therefore, 6G communication systems will also adopt the characteristics of small cell network.

[0125] -Ultra-dense heterogeneous network: Ultra-dense heterogeneous network will be another important feature of 6G communication system. Multi-layer network composed of heterogeneous networks will improve the overall QoS and reduce costs.

[0126] - High Capacity Backhaul: Backhaul connections are characterized by a high capacity backhaul network in order to support high capacity traffic. High speed optical fiber and Free Space Optics (FSO) systems may be possible solutions to this problem.

[0127] - Radar technology integrated with mobile technology: High-precision positioning (or location-based services) through communication is one of the functions of 6G wireless communication systems. Therefore, radar systems will be integrated with 6G networks.

[0128] -Software and virtualization: Software and virtualization are two important features that are the basis of the design process in 5GB networks to ensure flexibility, reconfigurability and programmability. In addition, shared physical infrastructure can share billions of devices.

[0129] <Core Implementation Technology of 6G System>

[0130] AI

[0131] The most important and latest technology to be introduced in the 6G system is AI. The 4G system does not involve AI. The 5G system will support partial or very limited AI. However, the 6G system will support AI for full automation. In 6G, advances in machine learning will create smarter networks for real-time communications. In the case where AI is introduced into communications, real-time data transmission can be simplified and improved. AI can use many analyses to determine ways to perform complex target operations. That is, AI can improve efficiency and reduce processing delays.

[0132] Time-consuming tasks such as switching, network selection, and resource scheduling can be performed instantly by using AI. AI can even play an important role in M2M, machine-to-man, and man-to-machine communications. In addition, AI can be a fast communication in brain-computer interfaces (BCI). AI-based communication systems can be supported by metamaterials, smart structures, smart networks, smart devices, smart cognitive radios, self-maintaining wireless networks, and machine learning.

[0133] Recently, attempts have been made to integrate AI with wireless communication systems in the application layer or network layer, but deep learning has been concentrated in the field of wireless resource management and allocation. However, this research has gradually developed to the MAC layer and the physical layer, and specifically, attempts have begun to combine deep learning in the physical layer with wireless transmission. AI-based physical layer transmission refers to the application of AI-driven signal processing and communication mechanisms instead of traditional communication frameworks in basic signal processing and communication mechanisms. For example, it may include deep learning-based channel coding and decoding, deep learning-based signal estimation and detection, deep learning-based multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) mechanisms, AI-based resource scheduling and allocation, etc.

[0134] Machine learning can be used for channel estimation and channel tracking, and can be used for power allocation, interference cancellation, etc. in the physical layer of DL. In addition, machine learning can be used for antenna selection, power control, symbol detection, etc. in MIMO systems.

[0135] Machine learning refers to a series of operations to train a machine in order to create a machine that can perform tasks that cannot be performed by humans or are difficult to perform by humans. Machine learning requires data and a learning model. In machine learning, data learning methods can be roughly divided into three methods, that is, supervised learning, unsupervised learning, and reinforcement learning.

[0136] Neural network learning is to minimize the output error. Neural network learning refers to the process of repeatedly inputting training data into the neural network, calculating the error between the output of the neural network and the target for the training data, backpropagating the error of the neural network from the output layer of the neural network to the input layer in order to reduce the error and update the weight of each node of the neural network.

[0137] Supervised learning can use training data marked with the correct answer, and unsupervised learning can use training data that is not marked with the correct answer. That is, for example, in the case of supervised learning for data classification, the training data can be marked with categories. The marked training data can be input to the neural network, and the output (category) of the neural network can be compared with the label of the training data to calculate the error. The calculated error is back-propagated from the neural network backward (that is, from the output layer to the input layer), and the connection weights of each node of each layer of the neural network can be updated according to the back-propagation. The change in the updated connection weight of each node can be determined according to the learning rate. The calculation of the neural network for the input data and the back-propagation of the error can configure the learning cycle (epoch). The learning data is applied differently according to the number of repetitions of the learning cycle of the neural network. For example, in the early stages of learning of the neural network, a high learning rate can be used to improve efficiency so that the neural network quickly ensures a certain level of performance, and in the later stages of learning, a low learning rate can be used to improve accuracy.

[0138] The learning method can vary depending on the characteristics of the data. For example, in order to accurately predict the data sent from the transmitter in the receiver in the communication system, supervised learning can be used instead of unsupervised learning or reinforcement learning to perform learning.

[0139] The learning model corresponds to the human brain and can be regarded as the most basic linear model. However, the paradigm of machine learning using a neural network structure with high complexity (such as an artificial neural network) as a learning model is called deep learning.

[0140] The neural network core used as the learning method can generally include a deep neural network (DNN) method, a convolutional deep neural network (CNN) method, a recurrent Boltzmann machine (RNN) method, and a spiking neural network (SNN). Such a learning model is applicable.

[0141] THz (Terahertz) Communication

[0142] The data rate can be increased by increasing the bandwidth. This can be achieved by using (sub-THz) sub-THz communications with wide bandwidth and applying advanced massive MIMO technology. THz waves (also called submillimeter radiation) generally indicate a frequency band between 0.1THz and 10THz, where the corresponding wavelength is in the range of 0.03mm to 3mm. The 100GHz to 300GHz band range (sub-THz band) is considered to be the main part of the THz band for cellular communications. With the addition of the sub-THz band to the millimeter wave band, the 6G cellular communication capacity is increased. 300GHz to 3THz in the defined THz band is in the far infrared (IR) band. The band from 300GHz to 3THz is part of the optical band, but it is on the boundary of the optical band and just behind the RF band. Therefore, the band from 300GHz to 3THz has similarities with RF.

[0143] Figure 5 An example of the electromagnetic spectrum is shown.

[0144] The main characteristics of THz communications include (i) widely available bandwidth supporting very high data rates, and (ii) high path loss occurring at high frequencies (highly directional antennas are indispensable). The narrow beamwidth generated in highly directional antennas reduces interference. The small wavelength of THz signals allows a larger number of antenna elements to be integrated with devices and BSs operating in this frequency band. Therefore, advanced adaptive deployment techniques that can overcome range limitations can be used.

[0145] Massive MIMO

[0146] One of the core technologies for improving spectrum efficiency is MIMO technology. When MIMO technology improves, spectrum efficiency also improves. Therefore, large-scale MIMO technology will be important in 6G systems. Since MIMO technology uses multiple paths, multiplexing technology and beamforming and management technology suitable for THz bands should be considered to enable data signals to be sent through one or more paths.

[0147] Holographic Beamforming

[0148] Beamforming is a signal processing process that adjusts an antenna array to send a radio signal in a specific direction. This is a subset of smart antennas or advanced antenna systems. Beamforming technology has multiple advantages such as high signal-to-noise ratio, interference prevention and suppression, and high network efficiency. Holographic beamforming (HBF) is a new beamforming method that is significantly different from MIMO systems because this uses software-defined antennas. HBF will be a very effective method for efficiently and flexibly sending and receiving signals in multi-antenna communication devices in 6G.

[0149] Optical Wireless Technology

[0150] Optical wireless communication (OWC) is a form of optical communication that uses visible light, infrared light (IR), or ultraviolet light (UV) to carry signals. OWC that operates in the visible light band (e.g., 390nm to 750nm) is often referred to as visible light communication (VLC). VLC implementations can utilize light emitting diodes (LEDs). VLC can be used in a variety of applications, including wireless local area networks, wireless personal area networks, and vehicle-mounted networks.

[0151] VLC has multiple advantages over RF-based technologies. First, the spectrum occupied by VLC is idle / licensed and can provide a wide bandwidth (THz level bandwidth). Second, VLC rarely causes significant interference to other electromagnetic devices; therefore, VLC can be applied to sensitive electromagnetic interference applications, such as airplanes and hospitals. Third, VLC has advantages in communication security and privacy. The transmission medium (i.e., visible light) of VLC-based networks cannot pass through walls and other opaque obstacles. Therefore, the transmission range of VLC can be limited to indoors, which can protect the privacy and sensitive information of users. Fourth, VLC can use any light source as a base station, thereby eliminating the need for expensive base stations.

[0152] Free space optics (FSO) is an optical communication technology that uses light propagating in free space (such as air), external space, and vacuum to send data wirelessly for telecommunications or computer networks. FSO can be used as a point-to-point OWC system on the ground. FSO can operate at near infrared frequencies (750nm-1600nm). Laser transmitters can be used in FSO implementations, and FSO can provide high data rates (e.g., 10Gbit / s), providing a potential solution to the backhaul bottleneck.

[0153] In addition to RF-based communications for all possible devices to access networks, these OWC technologies are also planned to be used for 6G communications. These networks will connect access networks to backhaul / fronthaul networks. OWC technologies have been in use since 4G communication systems, but will be more widely used to meet the needs of 6G communication systems. OWC technologies such as optical fidelity, visible light communication, optical camera communication, and FSO communication based on optical bands are already well-known technologies. Communications based on optical wireless technology can provide extremely high data rates, low latency, and secure communications.

[0154] Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) is also based on optical bands and can be used for ultra-high-resolution 3D mapping in 6G communications. LiDAR is a remote sensing method that uses near-infrared, visible, and ultraviolet light to illuminate an object and the reflected light is detected by a light sensor to measure the distance. LiDAR can be used for fully autonomous driving of cars.

[0155] FSO Backhaul Network

[0156] The characteristics of the transmitter and receiver of the FSO system are similar to those of the optical fiber network. Therefore, the data transmission of the FSO system is similar to that of the optical fiber system. Therefore, FSO can be a good technology for providing backhaul connection in 6G system together with the optical fiber network. When using FSO, even very long-distance communication is possible at a distance of 10,000 km or more. FSO supports a large number of backhaul connections for remote and non-remote areas such as oceans, space, underwater, and isolated islands. FSO also supports cellular base station connections.

[0157] Non-terrestrial network (NTN)

[0158] 6G systems will integrate terrestrial and aerial networks to support vertically extended user communications. 3D BS will be delivered via low-orbit satellites and UAVs. Adding new dimensions in terms of altitude and associated degrees of freedom makes 3D connectivity quite different from traditional 2D networks. NR sees non-terrestrial networks (NTNs) as a way to achieve this. NTNs are networks or network segments that use RF resources on satellites (or UAS platforms). For NTNs that provide access to user devices, there are two common scenarios: transparent payloads and regenerative payloads. The following are the basic elements of NTNs.

[0159] - One or more sat gateways connecting the NTN to the public data network.

[0160] -GEO satellites are fed by one or more satellite gateways deployed across the satellite target range (e.g., regional or continental coverage). We assume that a UE in a cell is served by only one sat gateway.

[0161] - Non-GEO satellites that are continuously served by one or more satellite gateways at a time. The system ensures service and feeder link continuity between the continuously served satellite gateways for a duration sufficient to allow mobility anchoring and handoff.

[0162] -Feeder link or radio link between the satellite gateway and the satellite (or UAS platform).

[0163] - A service link or radio link between the user equipment and the satellite (or UAS platform).

[0164] - Satellites (or UAS platforms) that can implement transparent payloads or regenerative (with onboard processing) payloads. Beams generated by satellites (or UAS platforms) typically generate multiple beams for a given service area, depending on the field of view. The footprint of the beam is typically elliptical. The field of view of a satellite (or UAS platform) depends on the onboard antenna pattern and the minimum angle of attack.

[0165] - Transparent Payload: RF filtering, frequency conversion and amplification so the waveform signal repeated by the payload remains unchanged.

[0166] - Regenerative payload: RF filtering, frequency conversion and amplification, demodulation / decryption, switching and / or routing, and coding / modulation. This is effectively the same as having all or part of the base station functionality (e.g., gNB) on a satellite (or UAS platform).

[0167] - For satellite deployment, optionally, an Inter-Satellite Link (ISL). This requires a regenerative payload on the satellite. The ISL can operate at RF frequencies or in the optical band.

[0168] - User equipment is served by a satellite (or UAS platform) within the target coverage area.

[0169] Typically, GEO satellites and UAS are used to provide continental, regional or local services.

[0170] Typically, constellations in LEO and MEO are used to provide coverage in both the northern and southern hemispheres. In some cases, constellations can also provide global coverage, including polar regions. The latter requires appropriate orbital inclination, sufficient beam generation, and links between satellites.

[0171] Quantum communication

[0172] Quantum communication is the next generation of communication technology, which can overcome the limitations of traditional communication (such as security and high-speed computing, etc.) by applying quantum mechanical properties to the field of information and communication. Quantum communication provides a means of generating, sending, processing and storing information that cannot be expressed in the form of 0 and 1 according to the binary bit information used in existing communication technology. In conventional communication technology, wavelength or amplitude is used to send information between the transmitter and the receiver, but in quantum communication, photons as the smallest light unit are used to send information between the transmitter and the receiver. Specifically, in the case of quantum communication, quantum uncertainty and quantum irreversibility can be used for polarization or phase difference of photons (light), so quantum communication has the characteristic of being able to communicate with perfect security. In addition, quantum communication can also use quantum entanglement under certain conditions to achieve ultra-high-speed communication.

[0173] No cell communication

[0174] The tight integration of multiple frequencies and heterogeneous communication technologies is key in 6G systems. As a result, users can move seamlessly from one network to another without having to create any manual configuration on their devices. The best network is automatically selected from the available communication technologies. This will destroy the limitations of the cell concept in wireless communications. Currently, user movement from one cell to another causes too many handovers in dense networks, resulting in handover failures, handover delays, data loss, and ping-pong effects. 6G cell-free communication will overcome all of this and provide better QoS.

[0175] Cell-free communication is defined as "a system in which a large number of geographically distributed antennas (APs) cooperate to serve a small number of terminals using the same time / frequency resources with the help of a fronthaul network and CPU". A single terminal is served by a collection of multiple APs (called an AP cluster). There are many ways to form an AP cluster, among which the method of configuring an AP cluster to significantly help improve the reception performance of a terminal is called a terminal-centric clustering method, and when using this method, the configuration is dynamically updated as the terminal moves. By adopting this device-centric AP clustering technology, the device is always at the center of the AP cluster, so there is no inter-cluster interference that may occur when the device is located at the boundary of the AP cluster. This cell-free communication will be achieved through multi-connectivity and multi-layer hybrid technologies as well as different heterogeneous radios in the device.

[0176] Integration of Wireless Information and Energy Transfer (WIET)

[0177] WIET uses the same field and waves as wireless communication systems. Specifically, sensors and smartphones will be charged using wireless power transfer during communication. WIET is a promising technology for extending the life of battery charging wireless systems. Therefore, devices without batteries will be supported in 6G communications.

[0178] Integration of wireless communications and sensing

[0179] Autonomous wireless networks are the ability to continuously detect dynamically changing environmental states and exchange information between different nodes. In 6G, sensing will be tightly integrated with communications to support autonomous systems.

[0180] Integrated access and backhaul networks

[0181] In 6G, the density of access networks will be huge. Each access network is connected by optical fiber and backhaul connections (such as FSO networks). In order to cope with a very large number of access networks, there will be tight integration between the access network and the backhaul network.

[0182] Big Data Analysis

[0183] Big data analytics is a complex process used to analyze various large data sets or big data. The process finds information such as hidden data, unknown correlations, and customer dispositions to ensure complete data management. Big data is collected from various sources such as videos, social networks, images, and sensors. This technology is widely used in 6G systems to process massive amounts of data.

[0184] Reconfigurable smart surfaces

[0185] There is a large body of research that considers the radio environment as a variable to be optimized along with the transmitter and receiver. The radio environment created by this approach is called a smart radio environment (SRE) or intelligent radio environment (IRE) to highlight its fundamental difference from past design and optimization criteria. Various terms have been proposed for SRE-enabled reconfigurable smart antenna (or intelligent reconfigurable antenna technology) technology, including reconfigurable metasurfaces, smart large smart surfaces (SLIS), large smart surfaces (LIS), reconfigurable smart surfaces (RIS), and intelligent reflective surfaces (IRS).

[0186] In the case of THz band signals, there are many shadow areas caused by obstacles due to the strong nature of the signal, and RIS technology is important for expanding the communication area by installing RIS near these shadow areas to enhance communication stability and realize additional value-added services. RIS is an artificial surface made of electromagnetic materials that can change the propagation of incoming and outgoing radio waves. Although RIS can be regarded as an extension of massive MIMO, it has an array structure and working mechanism different from massive MIMO. RIS also has the advantage of lower power consumption because it works as a reconfigurable reflector with passive elements, which means that it only passively reflects signals without using active RF chains. In addition, each of the passive reflectors in RIS must independently adjust the phase shift of the incident signal, which may be advantageous for wireless communication channels. By appropriately adjusting the phase shift with the help of the RIS controller, the reflected signal can be collected at the target receiver to increase the received signal power.

[0187] In addition to reflecting radio signals, there are RIS that can adjust transmission characteristics and refraction characteristics, and these RIS are mainly used for O2I (outdoor to indoor). Recently, STAR-RIS (simultaneous transmission and reflection RIS) that provides transmission while reflecting has also been actively studied.

[0188] metaverse

[0189] Metaverse is a portmanteau of the words "meta" meaning virtual, transcendent, and "universe" meaning space. Generally speaking, the metaverse is a three-dimensional virtual space where the same social and economic activities as in the real world are common.

[0190] Extended Reality (XR), a key technology to enable the Metaverse, is the fusion of virtual and real, which can extend the reality experience and provide a unique sense of immersion. The high bandwidth and low latency of 6G networks will enable users to experience more immersive virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) experiences.

[0191] Autonomous driving, self-driving

[0192] For perfect autonomous driving, vehicles must communicate with each other to notify each other of dangerous situations, or communicate with infrastructure such as parking lots and traffic lights to check information such as parking location information and signal change time. Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X), a key element in building autonomous driving infrastructure, is a technology that enables vehicles to communicate with various elements on the road and share information, such as vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I), for autonomous driving.

[0193] In order to maximize the performance of autonomous driving and ensure high safety, fast transmission speeds and low latency technologies are necessary. In addition, in the future, autonomous driving will go beyond delivering warning or guidance messages to the driver to actively intervene in vehicle operations and directly control the vehicle in dangerous situations, and the amount of information that needs to be sent and received will be large, so 6G is expected to maximize autonomous driving with faster transmission speeds and lower latency than 5G.

[0194] Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV)

[0195] Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) or drones will be an important factor in 6G wireless communications. In most cases, UAV technology is used to provide high-speed data wireless connections. The base station entity is installed in the UAV to provide cellular connectivity. UAV has specific features not found in fixed base station infrastructure, such as easy deployment, strong line of sight links, and freedom of controlled mobility. During emergencies such as natural disasters, the deployment of terrestrial telecommunication infrastructure is economically unfeasible and sometimes cannot provide services in volatile environments. UAVs can easily handle this situation. UAVs will be a new paradigm in the field of wireless communications. This technology contributes to three basic requirements of wireless networks, such as eMBB, URLLC, and mMTC. UAVs can also serve many purposes, such as improved network connectivity, fire detection, disaster emergency services, security and surveillance, pollution monitoring, parking monitoring, and accident monitoring. Therefore, UAV technology is considered to be one of the most important technologies for 6G communications.

[0196] Blockchain

[0197] Blockchain will be an important technology for managing large amounts of data in future communication systems. Blockchain is a form of distributed ledger technology, and a distributed ledger is a database distributed across numerous nodes or computing devices. Each node replicates and stores the same copy of the ledger. Blockchain is managed through a peer-to-peer (P2P) network. This can exist without being managed by a centralized agency or server. Blockchain data is collected together and organized into blocks. Blocks are connected to each other and protected using encryption. Blockchain fully complements large-scale IoT through improved interoperability, security, privacy, stability and scalability. Therefore, blockchain technology provides multiple functions, such as interoperability between devices, high-capacity data traceability, autonomous interaction of different IoT systems, and large-scale connection stability of 6G communication systems.

[0198] <Carrier Aggregation>

[0199] A carrier aggregation system is now described.

[0200] The carrier aggregation system aggregates multiple component carriers (CCs). The meaning of the existing cell is changed according to the above carrier aggregation. According to carrier aggregation, a cell may mean a combination of a downlink component carrier and an uplink component carrier or an independent downlink component carrier.

[0201] In addition, the cells in carrier aggregation can be divided into primary cells, secondary cells and service cells. The primary cell refers to the cell operating at the primary frequency. The primary cell refers to the cell in which the UE performs the initial connection establishment process or the connection reestablishment process or the cell indicated as the primary cell during the handover process. The secondary cell refers to the cell operating at the secondary frequency. Once the RRC connection is established, the secondary cell is used to provide additional radio resources.

[0202] As described above, the carrier aggregation system may support multiple component carriers (CCs), that is, multiple serving cells unlike a single carrier system.

[0203] The carrier aggregation system can support cross-carrier scheduling. Cross-carrier scheduling is a scheduling method that can allocate resources to PDSCH transmitted using other component carriers and / or allocate resources to PUSCH transmitted using other component carriers different from the component carrier basically associated with the specific component carrier through PDCCH transmitted using a specific component carrier.

[0204] Carrier aggregation can be divided into continuous carrier aggregation in which the aggregated carriers are continuous and non-continuous carrier aggregation in which the aggregated carriers are separated from each other. Hereinafter, carrier aggregation should be simply understood to include a case where component carriers (CCs) are continuous and a case where component carriers are non-continuous. The number of CCs aggregated between the downlink and uplink can be set differently. The case where the number of downlink CCs and the number of uplink CCs are the same can be called symmetric aggregation, and the case where the number of downlink CCs is different can be called asymmetric aggregation.

[0205] On the other hand, carrier aggregation can also be divided into inter-band CA and intra-band CA. Inter-band CA is a method of aggregating and using each CC existing in different working bands, and intra-band CA is a method of aggregating and using each CC in the same working band. In addition, CA technology is more specifically intra-band continuous CA, intra-band non-continuous CA, and inter-band non-continuous CA.

[0206] Figure 6a A conceptual diagram illustrating an example of intra-band continuous CA. Figure 6b A conceptual diagram illustrating an example of intra-band non-contiguous CA.

[0207] To achieve high-speed wireless transmission, LTE Advanced adds various schemes including uplink MIMO and carrier aggregation. CA can be divided into Figure 6a The continuous CA and Figure 6b Intra-band non-contiguous CA shown.

[0208] Figure 7a A conceptual diagram illustrating an example of a combination of a lower frequency band and an upper frequency band for inter-band CA. Figure 7b A conceptual diagram illustrating an example of combining similar frequency bands for inter-band CA.

[0209] Inter-band carrier aggregation can be divided into Figure 7a The inter-band CA between carriers of the low and high bands with different RF characteristics of the inter-band CA as shown in FIG. Figure 7bInter-band CA of similar frequencies is shown which can use common RF terminals per component carrier due to similar RF (Radio Frequency) characteristics.

[0210] A carrier aggregation configuration is a combination of operating bands, each of which supports carrier aggregation bandwidth categories. The following table is an example of CA bandwidth categories in NR.

[0211] [Table 6]

[0212]

[0213] In Table 6, BW Channel_CA is the maximum channel bandwidth supported across all frequency bands. It is mandatory for the UE to be able to fall back to a lower order NR CA bandwidth class configuration within the fallback group. It is not mandatory for the UE to be able to fall back to a lower order NR CA bandwidth class configuration belonging to a different fallback group.

[0214] <Disclosure of this specification>

[0215] In 5G NR, a dual connection (DC) combination in which various E-UTRA bands and various NR bands work simultaneously can be supported. In 5G NR, similar to LTE / LTE-ACA, it is necessary to define the maximum sensitivity degradation (MSD) caused by self-interference at the terminal receiving end of the dual uplink for each DC band combination based on the operator. By defining this MSD, it is possible to allow the terminal's receiving sensitivity to be relaxed. Alternatively, by defining this MSD, elements that mitigate distortion caused by intermodulation distortion (IMD) and / or harmonic components can be additionally used (for example, using a harmonic notch filter, defining a measurement method in an area where there is no sensitivity reduction due to IMD). In this way, solutions to problems related to self-interference are needed. Additional DC combinations are being introduced to support DC LTE x-band downlink / 1-band uplink (x=1, 2, 3, 4) and NR 2-band downlink / 1-band uplink. Therefore, in this specification, among various DC / CA combinations, a band combination in which receiving sensitivity degradation occurs in the receiving band of the terminal itself is searched. In this article, the deterioration of receiving sensitivity occurs due to the harmonic components and IMD effects caused by dual uplink transmission and cross-band isolation (which may cause mutual interference due to the narrow frequency interval between Tx / Rx). For example, in the disclosure of this specification, the harmonic components and IMD effects caused by dual uplink transmission among various DC / CA band combinations are analyzed. In the disclosure of this specification, the band combination in which the receiving sensitivity is deteriorated in the receiving band of the terminal itself is analyzed based on the harmonic components and IMD effects. In addition, in the disclosure of this specification, based on the cross-band isolation that may cause mutual interference due to the narrow frequency interval between Tx / Rx among various DC / CA band combinations, the band combination in which the receiving sensitivity is deteriorated in the receiving band of the terminal itself is analyzed. And, in the disclosure of this specification, the MSD can be analyzed in the case of considering the RF structure implemented in the terminal with the corresponding band combination. Based on the MSD analysis, the exception to the receiving sensitivity requirement of the corresponding band combination can be specified in the standard. Therefore, the exception to the receiving sensitivity test of the terminal can be applied. For reference, the disclosure of this specification describes MSD based on CA, but this is merely an example, and the MSD described in the disclosure of this specification can also be applied to DC based on the same frequency band combination.

[0216] According to the disclosed examples of this specification, the UE and / or the network (e.g., a base station) may perform NR CA operation or EN-DC operation. In this case, the introductory example of this specification analyzes the self-interference from the terminal and proposes a relaxation requirement for sensitivity related to self-interference.

[0217] First, refer to Figure 8 , describing an example of self-interference.

[0218] The following figures are intended to illustrate specific embodiments of the present disclosure. The designation of specific devices or specific signals / messages / fields shown in the figures is for illustrative purposes only, and the technical features of this specification are not limited to the specific designations used in the following figures.

[0219] Figure 8 A first example of a situation in which an uplink signal transmitted via an uplink operating frequency band affects reception of a downlink signal via a downlink operating frequency band is illustrated.

[0220] exist Figure 8 In the context of intermodulation distortion (IMD), it can refer to the amplitude modulation of a signal consisting of two or more different frequencies due to nonlinearity or time variations in the system. Intermodulation between frequency components can form additional components, such as harmonic distortion, not only at frequencies that are not at any harmonic frequency (integer multiples), but also at frequencies that are sums and differences of the original frequencies and at frequencies that are sums and differences of multiples of these frequencies.

[0221] Reference Figure 8 , shows an example of configuring CA for a UE. For example, the UE can perform communication based on CA according to one downlink operating frequency band (DL frequency band Z) and one uplink operating frequency band (UL frequency band Y). Figure 8 In the example of FIG. 1 , only an example of using two uplink operating bands and one downlink operating band to analyze the impact of IMD is shown, but this is only an example. The scope of the disclosure of this specification may also include the case of using one or more downlink operating bands and two or more uplink operating bands.

[0222] like Figure 8 As shown in FIG, in the case where one downlink operating frequency band and two uplink operating frequency bands are configured for CA, the UE can send uplink signals through the two uplink operating frequency bands. In this case, the harmonic components and intermodulation distortion (IMD) components generated based on the frequency band of the uplink signal can correspond to their own downlink frequency bands. That is, in Figure 8 In the example of , when the terminal transmits an uplink signal, a harmonic component and an intermodulation distortion (IMD) component may be generated, which may affect the downlink frequency band of the terminal itself.

[0223] When receiving downlink signals, the UE should be set to meet the reference sensitivity power level (REFSENS), which is the minimum average power per antenna port of the UE.

[0224] If harmonics and / or IMD components occur, such as in Figure 8In the example of , the REFSENS for the downlink signal may not be met due to the uplink signal sent by the UE itself. The reference sensitivity power level REFSENS can be the minimum average power applied to each UE antenna port for all UE categories. Based on REFSENS, the throughput should meet or exceed the requirements of the specified reference measurement channel.

[0225] For example, REFSENS may be set so that the UE's downlink signal throughput is greater than 95% of the maximum throughput of the reference measurement channel. When harmonic components and / or IMD components occur, there is a possibility that the downlink signal throughput may be reduced to 95% or less of the maximum throughput.

[0226] Therefore, if harmonic components and / or IMD components occur, it can be determined whether the harmonic components and IMD components of the UE occur, and since the MSD (maximum sensitivity degradation) value is defined for the frequency band, the relaxation of REFSENS can be allowed in the receiving frequency band related to its transmission signal. Here, MSD may mean the maximum allowed reduction of REFSENS. If MSD is defined for a specific operating frequency band of a UE configured with EN-DC, the REFSENS of the operating frequency band can be relaxed by the amount of the defined MSD.

[0227] The IMD components affecting the victim bands are calculated, and the MSD values ​​can be analyzed taking into account the IMD components. Intermodulation may refer to a distorted signal generated when two UL signals pass through a nonlinear element. When analyzing the IMD components, the IMD components may be analyzed by assuming that the two UL bands are UL agents. Among the DL bands, the bands affected by the IMD components may be selected as DL victims, and the IMD components may be analyzed and the MSD values ​​may be determined separately. For example, if UL band X and UL band Y affect DL band Z and DL band B, the MSD for DL ​​band B may also be calculated.

[0228] The NR band combination for CA described in the example of the present disclosure may include the following two combinations. It may include a combination of NR operating bands n1, n41, and n49 (e.g., CA_n1-n41-n79) and a combination of NR operating bands n41, n77, and n79 (e.g., CA_n41-n77-n79).

[0229] When operating at 2UL / 3DL, 2UL / 1DL, and 2UL / 2DL with the CA_n1-n41-n79 band combination and the CA_n41-n77-n79 band combination, coexistence problems may occur. For example, CA can be configured for the UE based on a combination of three working bands (e.g., a combination based on n1, n41, and n79 or a combination based on n41, n77, and n79). As described in the following example, when the victim DL band to which the coexistence problem is applied is included in the combination of the working bands, the MSD value described below can be applied. Among these coexistence problems, examples of coexistence problems described in this specification are as follows:

[0230] i) CA_n1-n41-n79 coexistence issue:

[0231] - IMD2 generated from UL n1-n41 may impact DL n79; and / or

[0232] - IMD2 generated from UL n41-n79 may affect DL n1.

[0233] ii) CA_n41-n77-n79 coexistence issue:

[0234] -IMD3 generated from UL n77-n79 can affect DL n41.

[0235] To calculate the impact of interference according to the above example, it is assumed that the antenna is an independent RF structure for each frequency band. MSD is analyzed using UE radio frequency (RF) front-end component parameters based on the example in Table 7 below and UE RF front-end component isolation parameters based on the example in Table 8.

[0236] Table 7 shows an example of UE's RF front-end component parameters used to analyze IMD and derive MSD level.

[0237] [Table 7]

[0238]

[0239] Table 7 shows an example of UE RF front-end component parameters. Here, IPn may represent the nth intercept point. For example, IP4 is the fourth intercept point. LNA may refer to a low noise amplifier. PA may refer to a power amplifier.

[0240] Using simulations based on the UE RF component parameters in Table 7, the IMD problem and MSD for various CA band combinations can be analyzed.

[0241] Table 8 shows an example of isolation levels for analyzing IMD and deriving MSD levels according to RF components of the UE.

[0242] [Table 8]

[0243] Isolation parameters Value(dB) Comments Antenna to Antenna 10 Main antenna to diversity antenna PA (output) to PA (input) 60 PCB Isolation (PA Forward Mixing) PA(output) to PA(output) 60 LH / HL cross-band PA(output) to PA(output) 60 HH Cross-Band LNA (input) to PA (output) 60 LH / HL cross-band LNA (input) to PA (output) 60 HH Cross-Band Duplexer 60 Tx band rejection at Rx band

[0244] According to the example in Table 8, the isolation value between each component is defined. For example, the isolation between the main antenna and the diversity antenna can be 10 dB. For example, the H (high)-H cross-band isolation between the LNA of the part where the signal is received and the PA of the part where the signal is transmitted can be 60 dB.

[0245] Table 8 illustrates an example of UE RF front-end component isolation parameters. Simulations based on the isolation parameters in Table 8 can be used to analyze IMD issues and MSD for various CA band combinations.

[0246] As described above, based on the simulation according to the examples in Table 7 and Table 8, the IMD problem and MD for various CA band combinations can be analyzed.

[0247] In the following, reference is made to Figures 9 to 12 , analyze the coexistence issues for the n1, n41 and n79 band combinations (e.g., CA_n1-n41-n79).

[0248] First, refer to Fig. 9 and Fig.10 An example is described in which UL bands n1 and n41 are aggregators that generate IMD2 and DL band n79 is a victim.

[0249] The following figures are intended to illustrate specific embodiments of the present disclosure. The designation of specific devices or specific signals / messages / fields shown in the figures is for illustrative purposes only, and the technical features of this specification are not limited to the specific designations used in the following figures.

[0250] Fig. 9 A first example of a coexistence problem based on CA of frequency bands n1, n41, and n79 according to one disclosed embodiment of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0251] Fig. 9 A coexistence problem caused by magnetic interference (eg, IMD2) occurring for downlink frequency band n79 when CA based on frequency band combination n1, n41, and n79 is set for a UE is described.

[0252] For example, if an uplink signal is transmitted based on the frequency band n1 and the frequency band n41 and a downlink signal is received based on the frequency band n79, the IMD 2 may be an IMD affecting the frequency band n79.

[0253] Reference Fig. 9, an uplink signal transmitted in the uplink frequency band n1 and a secondary IMD (IMD2) component of an uplink signal transmitted in the uplink frequency band n41 may enter a frequency range of the downlink frequency band n79.

[0254] The worst case where the impact of IMD2 is the greatest within the frequency range of downlink band n79 can be as follows. This is when the center frequency of uplink band n1 is 1970 MHz, the center frequency of uplink band n41 is 2530 MHz, and the center frequency of downlink operating band n79 is 4500 MHz. In this case, since 1970+2530=4500, the frequency of the IMD2 component based on uplink band n1 and band n41 coincides with the center frequency of downlink band n79.

[0255] The following figures are intended to illustrate specific embodiments of the present disclosure. The designation of specific devices or specific signals / messages / fields shown in the figures is for illustrative purposes only, and the technical features of this specification are not limited to the specific designations used in the following figures.

[0256] Fig.10 A first example of interference paths according to a coexistence problem of CA based on frequency bands n1, n41, and n79 according to one disclosed embodiment of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0257] exist Fig.10 In the example, M / S means Mobile Switch. ASM means Antenna Switch Module. LNA means Low Noise Amplifier. SP4T stands for Single Pole 4 Throw. RFIC means Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit for RF Communications. Fig.10 LTE RFIC is illustrated in the example of , but this is only an example and LTE RFIC can be replaced with NR RFIC. Tx stands for transmit. PRx means main Rx. DRx stands for diversity Rx (receive).

[0258] exist Fig.10 In the example of , the signal can be sent at a strength of 28.5dBm at n1 Tx. In the transmit antenna of n1 Tx, the signal can finally be sent at a strength of 24.5dBm. The signal can be sent at a strength of 28.5dBm at n41 Tx. In the transmit antenna of n41Tx, the signal can finally be sent at a strength of 24.5dBm.

[0259] Fig.10 The example shows that the IMD2 aggregator for uplinks n1-n41 affects the path of downlink n79. For example, Fig.10 The interference paths are shown for the case where uplinks n1-n41 are IMD2 aggregators and downlink n79 is the victim.

[0260] exist Fig.10 In the example of , it is assumed that two Rx including diversity Rx are included in n79 Rx, and interference is analyzed as assumed. Assuming that the duplexer insertion loss (e.g., Fig.10 The Tx IL in the Rx path is 2dB, and the insertion loss of other switches, connectors, and filters is 1dB. The out-of-band IL is assumed to be 40dB. When the signal passes through the duplex, the insertion loss of the signal in the frequency band passing through the duplex is expressed as IL according to the signal frequency. The insertion loss when the signal passes through the duplex as out-of-band is expressed as out-of-band IL. The correction factor CF in each Rx path is set to 4dB. Since the MSD value is analyzed for the minimum requirement, a tolerance value can be assumed, and CF can mean the tolerance value.

[0261] The signal sent from n1 Tx and the signal sent from n41 Tx can affect the receiving end of n79 based on various paths. For example, Fig.10 As shown on the left side of FIG. 1 , the signal transmitted from n1 Tx and the signal transmitted from n41 Tx can flow into the antenna associated with n79 (for example, located at Fig.10 Various examples of paths affected by the signal transmitted from n1 Tx and the signal transmitted from n41 Tx will refer to Table 9 and Table 10 below.

[0262] Tables 9 and 10 show the influence of n79 Rx1 (for example, Fig.10 n79 PRx) and n79 Rx2 (e.g. Fig.10 aggregator power of the path in n79 DRx).

[0263] An example of the main case of intermodulation of n79 Rx1 will be described with reference to Table 9.

[0264] [Table 9]

[0265]

[0266] Dup means duplexer. SW stands for switch. PA1 refers to the signal output from the PA of n1 Tx. PA1(PCB isol) refers to the value of PCB isolation applied to the signal output from the PA of n1 Tx. PA41 means the signal output from the PA of n41 Tx. PA41(PCB isol) refers to the value of PCB isolation applied to the signal output from the PA of n41 Tx.

[0267] For reference, based on the frequency domain, n1(dBm)_L and n41(dBm)_H may mean that n1 is a lower frequency band and n41 is a higher frequency band.

[0268] Reference Fig.10 , Table 9 and Table 10, the strength of the signal output from PA1 is 28.5dBm. The strength of the signal output from PA41 is 28.5dBm.

[0269] For reference, in Fig.10 In the examples of Tables 9 and 10, if the signal output from PA1 affects PA41, a signal with -31.5dBm applied to the PCB isolation of 28.5dBm can affect PA41. When the signal output from PA1 affects the PA of n79Tx, -31.5dBm is also applied. When the signal output from PA1 affects the LNA of n79 PRx (for example, Fig.10 When the signal output from PA1 affects the LNA of n79 DRx, -31.5dBm is also applied.

[0270] For reference, in Fig.10 In the examples of Tables 9 and 10, if the signal output from PA41 affects PA1, a signal with -31.5dBm applied to the PCB isolation of 28.5dBm can affect PA1. When the signal output from PA41 affects the PA of n79Tx, -31.5dBm is also applied. When the signal output from PA41 affects the LNA of n79 PRx (for example, Fig.10 When the signal output from PA1 affects the LNA of n79 DRx, -31.5dBm is also applied.

[0271] Path 1 in Table 9 is an example of a case where both the signal of PA1 and the signal of PA41 are introduced into PA79. When the signal of PA1 and the signal of PA41 flow into PA79, PCB isolation is applied, so -31.5dBm and -31.5dBm flow into PA79. The signal introduced into PA79 flows into LNA79 through the duplexer and then into RFIC. Therefore, IMD2 according to path 1 is -31.5dBm (PA1) -31.5dBm (PA41) -28.5dBm (PA79_IP2) -2dB (Dup_IL) = -93.5dBm.

[0272] For reference, Fig.10 And LNA79 in Table 9 means the component closest to n79 PRx of RFIC.

[0273] Path 2 of Table 9 is an example of a case where the signal of PA1 and the signal of PA41 directly flow into LNA 79. Therefore, IMD2 according to path 2 = -31.5 dBm (PA1) -31.5 dBm (PA41) -10 dBm (LNA79_IP2) = -73 dBm.

[0274] Path 3 of Table 9 shows an example of a case where a signal of PA41 flows into PA1, then the signal is output to the antenna through a duplexer, ASM and a switch, and then the output signal flows into the RFIC through the antenna of n79 through LNA79. Therefore, IMD2 according to path 3 is 28.5dBm(PA1)-31.5dBm(PA41)-28.5dBm(PA1_IP2)-40dBm(out-of-band IL)-1dB(ASM)-1dB(SW)-10dB(Ant_isol)-1dB(SW)-2dB(Dup)=-86.5dBm.

[0275] Path 4 in Table 9 is an example of a situation where the signal of PA1 flows into PA41 and is output to the antenna through the duplexer, ASM and switch, and then the output signal flows into the RFIC through the antenna of n79. Therefore, the IMD2 based on path 4 is -31.5dBm (PA1) + 28.5dBm (PA41) -28.5dBm (PA41_IP2) -40dBm (out-of-band IL) -1dB (ASM) -1dB (SW) -10dB (Ant_isol) -1dB (SW) -2dB (Dup) = -86.5dBm.

[0276] The total IMD2 of the sum of the IMD2 of path 1 to path 4 is -72.593dBm. Adding 4dB CF, it is -68.593dBm.

[0277] An example of the main case of intermodulation of n79 Rx2 will be described with reference to Table 10.

[0278] [Table 10]

[0279]

[0280]

[0281] Path 1 in Table 10 is an example of a case where the signal of PA1 and the signal of PA41 directly flow into LNA 79. Therefore, IMD2 according to path 1 = -31.5 dBm (PA1) -31.5 dBm (PA41) -10 dBm (LNA79_IP2) = -73 dBm.

[0282] Path 2 in Table 10 is an example of a situation where a PA41 signal flows into PA1, the signal is output to the antenna through a duplexer, an ASM, and a switch, and then the output signal flows into the RFIC through the antenna of n79. Therefore, the IMD2 according to path 2 is 28.5dBm (PA1) -31.5dBm (PA41) -28.5dBm (PA1_IP2) -40dBm (out-of-band IL) -1dB (ASM) -1dB (SW) -10dB (Ant_isol) -1dB (SW) -2dB (Dup) = -86.5dBm.

[0283] Path 3 in Table 10 is an example of a case where the signal of PA1 flows into PA41 and the signal is output to the antenna through the duplexer, ASM and switch, and then the output signal flows into the RFIC through the antenna of n79. Therefore, the IMD2 according to path 2 is -31.5dBm (PA1) + 28.5dBm (PA41) -28.5dBm (PA41_IP2) -40dBm (out-of-band IL) -1dB (ASM) -1dB (SW) -10dB (Ant_isol) -1dB (SW) -2dB (Dup) = -86.5dBm.

[0284] The total IMD2 of the sum of the IMD2 of path 1 to path 3 is -72.6284dBm. Add 4dB of CF and it is -68.6284dBm.

[0285] When maximum ratio combining (MRC) is applied to the interference power of each Rx level calculated according to the example of Table 9 and the example of Table 10, it can be expressed as shown in the example of Table 11.

[0286] [Table 11]

[0287] IMD w CF Rx1 Path -68.593 Rx2 Path -68.6284 After MRC(dBm) -71.621

[0288] IMD wCF may mean IMD with correlation factor. According to the example in Table 9, the IMD of the Rx1 path may be -68.593, and according to the example in Table 10, the IMD of the Rx2 path may be -68.6284. When MRC is applied based on the two values, -71.621 dBm is derived.

[0289] In the frequency band n79, REFSENS based on the channel bandwidth of 40 MHz is -89.14. For example, in the frequency band n79, REFSENS based on the channel bandwidth of 40 MHz is -89.14.

[0290] The MSD value can be determined based on the following formula.

[0291] Analyzed MSD (|REFSENS-interference signal power|): |-89.14-(-71.62)|=17.52

[0292] The final MSD value of 19.0dB is derived by adding the 1.5dB implementation margin to the value of 17.52. It is rounded to the second decimal place.

[0293] The following figures are intended to illustrate specific embodiments of the present disclosure. The designation of specific devices or specific signals / messages / fields shown in the figures is for illustrative purposes only, and the technical features of this specification are not limited to the specific designations used in the following figures.

[0294] Fig.11 A second example of a coexistence problem based on CA of frequency bands n1, n41, and n79 according to one disclosed embodiment of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0295] Fig.11 A coexistence problem caused by magnetic interference (eg, IMD2) occurring for downlink frequency band n1 when CA based on frequency band combination n1, n41, and n79 is configured for a UE is described.

[0296] For example, if an uplink signal is transmitted based on the frequency band n41 and the frequency band n79 and a downlink signal is received based on the frequency band n1, the IMD 2 may be an IMD affecting the frequency band n1.

[0297] Reference Fig.11 , an uplink signal transmitted in uplink frequency band n41 and a secondary IMD (IMD2) component of an uplink signal transmitted in uplink frequency band n79 may enter a frequency range of downlink frequency band n1.

[0298] The worst case where the impact of IMD2 is the greatest within the frequency range of downlink band n1 can be as follows. This is when the center frequency of uplink band n41 is 2530 MHz, the center frequency of uplink band n79 is 4690 MHz, and the center frequency of downlink operating band n1 is 2160 MHz. In this case, since 4690-2530=2160, the frequency of the IMD2 component based on uplink band n41 and band n79 matches the center frequency of downlink band n1.

[0299] The following figures are intended to illustrate specific embodiments of the present disclosure. The designation of specific devices or specific signals / messages / fields shown in the figures is for illustrative purposes only, and the technical features of this specification are not limited to the specific designations used in the following figures.

[0300] Fig.12is a second example of interference paths illustrating a coexistence problem according to CA based on frequency bands n1, n41, and n79 according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0301] exist Fig.12 In the example, the signal can be sent at a strength of 28.5dBm at n41 Tx. In the transmit antenna of n41 Tx, the signal can finally be sent at a strength of 24.5dBm. The signal can be sent at a strength of 28.5dBm at n79 Tx. In the transmit antenna of n79Tx, the signal can finally be sent at a strength of 24.5dBm.

[0302] Fig.12 The example shows that the IMD2 aggregator for uplinks n41-n79 affects the path of downlink n1. For example, Fig.12 The interference paths are shown for the case where uplinks n41-n79 are IMD2 aggregators and downlink n1 is the victim.

[0303] exist Fig.12 In the example of , it is assumed that two Rx including diversity Rx are included in n1 Rx, and interference is analyzed as assumed. Assuming that the duplexer insertion loss (e.g., Fig.12 The Tx IL in the Rx path is 2dB, and the insertion loss of other switches, connectors and filters is 1dB. The out-of-band IL is assumed to be 40dB. The correction factor CF in each Rx path is set to 4dB.

[0304] The signal sent from n41 Tx and the signal sent from n79 Tx can affect the receiving end of n1 based on various paths. For example, Fig.12 As shown on the left side of FIG. 1 , the signals transmitted from the n41 Tx and n79 Tx transmit antennas can flow into the antenna associated with n1 (e.g., located at Fig.12 Various examples of paths affected by signals transmitted from n41 Tx and signals transmitted from n79 Tx will refer to Table 12 and Table 13 below.

[0305] Tables 12 and 13 show the influence of n1 Rx1 (for example, Fig.12 n1PRx) and n1 Rx2 (e.g., Fig.12 aggregator power of the path n1DRx).

[0306] An example of a dominant case of intermodulation of n1 Rx1 will be described with reference to Table 12.

[0307] [Table 12]

[0308]

[0309]

[0310] Dup means duplexer. SW stands for switch. PA41 means the signal output from the PA of n41 Tx. PA41(PCBisol) refers to the value of PCB isolation applied to the signal output from the PA of n41 Tx. PA79 means the signal output from the PA of n79 Tx. PA79(PCB isol) refers to the value of PCB isolation applied to the signal output from the PA of n79 Tx.

[0311] Reference Fig.12 , Table 12 and Table 13, the strength of the signal output from PA41 is 28.5dBm. The strength of the signal output from PA79 is 28.5dBm.

[0312] For reference, in Fig.12 In the examples of Table 12 and Table 13, if the signal output from PA41 affects PA79, a signal with -31.5dBm applied to the PCB isolation of 28.5dBm can affect PA79. When the signal output from PA41 affects the PA of n1Tx, -31.5dBm is also applied. When the signal output from PA41 affects the LNA of n1 PRx (for example, Fig.12 When the signal output from PA41 affects the LNA of n1 DRx, -31.5dBm is also applied.

[0313] For reference, in Fig.12 In the examples of Table 12 and Table 13, if the signal output from PA79 affects PA41, a signal with -31.5dBm applied to the PCB isolation of 28.5dBm can affect PA41. When the signal output from PA79 affects the PA of n1Tx, -31.5dBm is also applied. When the signal output from PA79 affects the LNA of n1 PRx (for example, Fig.12 When the signal output from PA79 affects the LNA of n1 DRx, -31.5dBm is also applied.

[0314] Path 1 in Table 12 is an example of a case where both the signal of PA41 and the signal of PA79 are introduced into PA1. When the signal of PA41 and the signal of PA79 flow into PA1, PCB isolation is applied, so -31.5dBm and -31.5dBm flow into PA1. The signal introduced into PA1 flows into LNA1 through the duplexer and then into RFIC. Therefore, IMD2 according to path 1 is -31.5dBm (PA41) -31.5dBm (PA79) -28.5dBm (PA1_IP2) -2dB (Dup_IL) = -93.5dBm.

[0315] For reference, Fig.12 and LNA1 of Table 12 indicates the component closest to n1PRx of the RFIC.

[0316] Path 2 in Table 12 is an example of a case where the signal of PA41 and the signal of PA79 directly flow into LNA 1. Therefore, IMD2 according to path 2 is -31.5(PA1)-31.5(PA41)-10(LNA1_IP2)=-73dBm.

[0317] Path 3 in Table 12 is an example of a case where a PA79 signal flows into PA41 and is output to an antenna through a duplexer, an ASM, and a switch, and then the output signal flows into the RFIC through the antenna of n1. Therefore, the IMD2 according to path 3 is 28.5dBm (PA41) -31.5dBm (PA79) -28.5dBm (PA41_IP2) -40dBm (out-of-band IL) -1dB (ASM) -1dB (SW) -10dB (Ant_isol) -1dB (SW) -2dB (Dup) = -86.5dBm.

[0318] Path 4 in Table 12 is an example of a case where a signal of PA41 flows into PA79 and is output to the antenna through a duplexer, ASM, and a switch, and then the output signal flows into the RFIC through the antenna of n1. Therefore, IMD2 according to path 4 is -31.5dBm (PA41) + 28.5dBm (PA79) -28.5dBm (PA79_IP2) -40dBm (out-of-band IL) -1dB (ASM) -1dB (SW) -10dB (Ant_isol) -1dB (SW) -2dB (Dup) = -86.5dBm.

[0319] The total IMD2 of the sum of the IMD2 of path 1 to path 4 is -72.593dBm. Adding 4dB CF, it is -68.593dBm.

[0320] An example of a dominant case of intermodulation of n1 Rx2 will be described with reference to Table 13.

[0321] [Table 13]

[0322]

[0323] Path 1 in Table 13 is an example of a case where the signal of PA41 and the signal of PA79 directly flow into LNA 1. Therefore, IMD2 according to path 1 is -31.5 dBm (PA41) -31.5 dBm (PA79) -10 dBm (LNA1_IP2) = -73 dBm.

[0324] Path 2 in Table 13 is an example of a case where a PA79 signal flows into PA41 and is output to an antenna through a duplexer, an ASM, and a switch, and then the output signal flows into the RFIC through the antenna of n1. Therefore, the IMD2 according to path 2 is 28.5dBm (PA41) -31.5dBm (PA79) -28.5dBm (PA41_IP2) -40dBm (out-of-band IL) -1dB (ASM) -1dB (SW) -10dB (Ant_isol) -1dB (SW) -2dB (Dup) = -86.5dBm.

[0325] Path 3 in Table 13 is an example of a case where a signal of PA41 flows into PA79 and is output to an antenna through a duplexer, ASM, and a switch, and then the output signal flows into RFIC through the antenna of n1. Therefore, IMD2 according to path 3 is -31.5dBm (PA41) + 28.5dBm (PA79) -28.5dBm (PA79_IP2) -40dBm (out-of-band IL) -1dB (ASM) -1dB (SW) -10dB (Ant_isol) -1dB (SW) -2dB (Dup) = -86.5dBm.

[0326] The total IMD2 of the sum of the IMD2 of path 1 to path 3 is -72.6284dBm. Add 4dB of CF and it is -68.6284dBm.

[0327] When maximum ratio combining (MRC) is applied to the interference power of each Rx level calculated according to the example of Table 12 and the example of Table 13, it can be expressed as shown in the example of Table 14.

[0328] [Table 14]

[0329] IMD w CF Rx1 Path -68.593 Rx2 Path -68.6284 After MRC(dBm) -71.621

[0330] IMD wCF may mean IMD with correlation factor. According to the example in Table 12, the IMD of the Rx1 path may be -68.593, and according to the example in Table 13, the IMD of the Rx2 path may be -68.6284. When MRC is applied based on the two values, -71.621 dBm is derived.

[0331] In frequency band n1, REFSENS based on a channel bandwidth of 5 MHz is -100 dBm.

[0332] The MSD value can be determined based on the following formula.

[0333] Analyzed MSD (|REFSENS-interference signal power|): |-100-(-71.62)|=28.38

[0334] The final MSD value of 29.9dB is derived by adding a 1.5dB implementation margin to the value of 28.38. It is rounded to the second decimal place.

[0335] In the following, reference is made to Figure 13 to Figure 14 , analyze the coexistence issues for the n41, n77 and n79 band combinations (e.g., CA_n41-n77-n79).

[0336] First, a case will be described in which UL bands n77 and n79 are aggressors causing IMD3 and DL band n41 is a victim.

[0337] The following figures are intended to illustrate specific embodiments of the present disclosure. The designation of specific devices or specific signals / messages / fields shown in the figures is for illustrative purposes only, and the technical features of this specification are not limited to the specific designations used in the following figures.

[0338] Fig.13 is an example illustrating a coexistence problem of CA based on frequency bands n41, n77, and n79 according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0339] Fig.13 The coexistence problem caused by magnetic interference (eg, IMD3) occurring for downlink frequency band n41 when CA based on frequency band combination n41, n77, and n79 is set for a UE is described.

[0340] For example, if an uplink signal is transmitted based on frequency band n77 and frequency band n79 and a downlink signal is received based on frequency band n41, IMD 3 may be an IMD affecting frequency band n41.

[0341] Reference Fig.13 , the third IMD (IMD3) component of the uplink signal transmitted in the uplink frequency band n77 and the uplink signal transmitted in the uplink frequency band n79 can enter the frequency range of the downlink frequency band n41.

[0342] The worst case where the impact of IMD3 is the greatest within the frequency range of downlink band n41 can be as follows. This is when the center frequency of uplink band n77 is 3600MHz, the center frequency of uplink band n79 is 4600MHz, and the center frequency of downlink operating band n41 is 2600MHz. In this case, since 3600*2-4600=2600, the frequency of the IMD3 component based on uplink band n77 and band n79 matches the center frequency of downlink band n41.

[0343] The following figures are intended to illustrate specific embodiments of the present disclosure. The designation of specific devices or specific signals / messages / fields shown in the figures is for illustrative purposes only, and the technical features of this specification are not limited to the specific designations used in the following figures.

[0344] Fig.14 An example of interference paths according to a coexistence problem of CA based on frequency bands n41, n77, and n79 according to one embodiment of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0345] exist Fig.14 In the example, the signal can be sent at 28.5dBm at n77 Tx. In the transmit antenna of n41 Tx, the signal can finally be sent at 24.5dBm. The signal can be sent at 28.5dBm at n79 Tx. In the transmit antenna of n79Tx, the signal can finally be sent at 24.5dBm.

[0346] Fig.14 The example shows that the IMD3 aggregation for uplink n77-n79 affects the path of downlink n41. For example, Fig.14 The interference paths are shown for the case where uplinks n77-n79 are IMD2 aggregators and downlink n41 is the victim.

[0347] exist Fig.14 In the example of , it is assumed that two Rx including diversity Rx are included in n1 Rx, and interference is analyzed as assumed. Assuming that the duplexer insertion loss (e.g., Fig.14 The Tx IL in the Rx path is 2dB, and the insertion loss of other switches, connectors and filters is 1dB. The out-of-band IL is assumed to be 40dB. The correction factor CF in each Rx path is set to 4dB.

[0348] The signal sent from n77 Tx and the signal sent from n79 Tx can affect the receiving end of n41 based on various paths. For example, Fig.14 As shown on the left side of FIG. 1 , the signal transmitted from n77 Tx and the signal transmitted from n79 Tx can flow into the antenna associated with n41 (for example, located at Fig.14 For various examples of paths affected by signals transmitted from n77 Tx and signals transmitted from n79 Tx, reference will be made to Tables 15 and 16 below.

[0349] Tables 15 and 16 show the influence of n41 Rx1 (for example, Fig.14 n41 PRx) and n41 Rx2 (e.g. Fig.14 aggregator power of the n41 DRx) path.

[0350] An example of the main case of intermodulation of n41 Rx1 will be described with reference to Table 15.

[0351] [Table 15]

[0352]

[0353] Dup means duplexer. SW stands for switch. PA77 means the signal output from the PA of n77 Tx. PA77(PCBisol) refers to the value of PCB isolation applied to the signal output from the PA of n77 Tx. PA79 means the signal output from the PA of n79 Tx. PA79(PCB isol) refers to the value of PCB isolation applied to the signal output from the PA of n79 Tx.

[0354] Reference Fig.14 , Table 15 and Table 16, the strength of the signal output from PA77 is 28.5dBm. The strength of the signal output from PA79 is 28.5dBm.

[0355] For reference, in Fig.14 In the examples of Table 15 and Table 16, if the signal output from PA77 affects PA79, a signal with -31.5dBm applied to the PCB isolation of 28.5dBm can affect PA79. When the signal output from PA77 affects the PA of n41Tx, -31.5dBm is also applied. When the signal output from PA77 affects the LNA of n41 PRx (for example, Fig.14 When the signal output from PA77 affects the LNA of n41DRx, -31.5dBm is also applied.

[0356] For reference, in Fig.14In the examples of Table 15 and Table 16, if the signal output from PA79 affects PA77, a signal with -31.5dBm applied to the PCB isolation of 28.5dBm can affect PA77. When the signal output from PA79 affects the PA of n41Tx, -31.5dBm is also applied. When the signal output from PA79 affects the LNA of n41PRx (for example, Fig.12 When the signal output from PA79 affects the LNA of n41DRx, -31.5dBm is also applied.

[0357] Path 1 in Table 15 is an example of a case where both the signal of PA77 and the signal of PA79 flow into PA41. When the signal of PA77 and the signal of PA79 flow into PA41, PCB isolation is applied, so -31.5dBm and -31.5dBm flow into PA1. The signal introduced into PA1 flows into LNA1 through the duplexer and then into RFIC. Therefore, IMD3 according to path 1 is -2*31.5dBm(PA77)-31.5dBm(PA79)-2*30dBm(PA_IP3)-2dB(Dup_IL)-156.5dBm. For example, IMD3 can be determined based on 2*flow rate+Phi-2*output intercept point 3 (OIP3).

[0358] For reference, Fig.14 And LNA41 of Table 15 indicates the component closest to n41PRx of RFIC.

[0359] Path 2 of Table 15 is an example of a case where the signal of PA41 and the signal of PA79 directly flow into LNA 1. Therefore, IMD3 according to path 2 is -2*31.5(PA77)-31.5(PA79)-10(LNA41IP3)=-94.5dBm.

[0360] Path 3 in Table 15 is an example of a situation where a PA79 signal enters PA77 and is output to the antenna through a duplexer, ASM, and a switch, and then the output signal flows into the RFIC through the antenna of n41. Therefore, the IMD3 according to path 3 is 2*28.5dBm(PA77)-31.5dBm(PA79)-2*30dBm(PA41_IP3)-40dBm(out-of-band IL)-1dB(ASM)-1dB(SW)-10dB(Ant_isol)-1dB(SW)-2dB(Dup)=-89.5dBm.

[0361] Path 4 in Table 15 is an example of a case where the signal of PA77 flows into PA79 and is output to the antenna through the duplexer, ASM and switch, and then the output signal flows into the RFIC through the antenna of n41. Therefore, the IMD3 according to path 4 is -2*31.5dBm(PA77)+28.5dBm(PA79)-2*30dBm(PA41_IP3)-40dBm(out-of-band IL)-1dB(ASM)-1dB(SW)-10dB(Ant_isol)-1dB(SW)-2dB(Dup)=-149.5dBm.

[0362] The total IMD2 of the sum of the IMD3 of path 1 to path 4 is -88.3067dBm. Adding 4dB CF, it is -84.3067dBm.

[0363] An example of the main case of intermodulation of n41 Rx2 will be described with reference to Table 16.

[0364] [Table 16]

[0365]

[0366]

[0367] Path 1 in Table 16 is an example of a case where the signal of PA77 and the signal of PA79 directly flow into LNA 41. Therefore, IMD3 according to path 1 is -2*31.5dBm(PA77)-31.5dBm(PA79)-2*0dBm(LNA_IP3)=-94.5dBm.

[0368] Path 2 in Table 16 is an example of a case where a PA79 signal flows into PA77 and is output to an antenna through a duplexer, an ASM, and a switch, and then the output signal flows into the RFIC through an n41 antenna through an LNA41 antenna. Therefore, the IMD3 according to path 2 is 2*28.5dBm(PA77)-31.5dBm(PA79)-2*30dBm(PA41_IP3)-40dBm(out-of-band IL)-1dB(ASM)-1dB(SW)-10dB(Ant_isol)-1dB(SW)-2dB(Dup)=-86.5dBm.

[0369] Path 3 in Table 16 is an example of a case where the signal of PA77 flows into PA79 and is output to the antenna through the duplexer, ASM and switch, and then the output signal flows into the RFIC through the antenna of n41. Therefore, the IMD2 according to path 3 is -2*31.5dBm(PA77)+28.5dBm(PA79)-2*30dBm(PA41_IP2)-40dBm(out-of-band IL)-1dB(ASM)-1dB(SW)-10dB(Ant_isol)-1dB(SW)-2dB(Dup)=-146.5dBm.

[0370] The total IMD3 of the sum of the IMD3 of path 1 to path 3 is -85.8611dBm. Increasing CF by 4dB gives -81.8611dBm.

[0371] When MRC is applied to the interference power of each Rx level calculated according to the examples of Table 15 and Table 16, it can be expressed as shown in the example of Table 17.

[0372] [Table 17]

[0373] IMD w CF Rx1 Path -84.3067 Rx2 Path -81.8611 After MRC(dBm) -86.2641

[0374] IMD wCF may mean IMD with correlation factor. According to the example in Table 15, the IMD of the Rx1 path may be -84.3067, and according to the example in Table 16, the IMD of the Rx2 path may be -81.8611. When MRC is applied based on the two values, -86.2641 dBm is derived.

[0375] In band n41, REFSENS based on a channel bandwidth of 5 MHz is -95.5 dBm.

[0376] The MSD value can be determined based on the following formula.

[0377] Analyzed MSD (|REFSENS-interference signal power|): |-95.5-(-86.26)|=9.24

[0378] The final MSD value of 10.7dB is derived by adding the 1.5dB implementation margin to the 9.24 value. For reference, it is rounded to the second decimal place.

[0379] The MSD values ​​of intermodulation distortion based on CAn1-n41-n79 and CAn41-n77-n79 are shown in the example of Table 18. Figures 9 to 14 , analyzed in Tables 7 to 17.

[0380] [Table 18]

[0381]

[0382] In the example of Table 18, Fc means center frequency. BW stands for bandwidth. For example, ULFc may refer to the center frequency of an uplink operating frequency band or the center frequency of a component carrier (CC) set in an uplink operating frequency band. Here, LCRB may mean the length of a continuous resource block.

[0383] The example of Table 18 may be an example of an MSD test configuration proposed according to an embodiment of the present specification. The self-sensitivity degradation problem is analyzed according to various examples of the embodiments of the disclosure of the present specification, and an example of an MSD value derived from the result is the MSD value in Table 18. For reference, a tolerance ±α may be applied to the MSD value, as shown in Table 18. α may be 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, ... 2.7.

[0384] Table 18 shows an example of the results derived based on the MSD test setup and the IMD problem. Table 18 shows the MSD values ​​for various CA band combinations.

[0385] The MSD value of Table 18 may be used when testing a UE based on a requirement for reception performance of the UE. For example, a transceiver (transceiver) and / or a receiver of the UE may be tested to determine whether the MSD value according to the example in Table 18 satisfies the applied reference sensitivity (REFSENS). The transceiver of the UE may receive a downlink signal. The transceiver of the UE may be a transceiver that has been tested to determine whether the downlink signal throughput of the UE is greater than 95% of the maximum throughput of the reference measurement channel based on the REFSENS to which the MSD value is applied.

[0386] For example, CA based on frequency bands n1, n41, and n79 may be set for the UE.

[0387] For example, such CA may be set for one or more transceivers included in the UE. In this case, since the signals sent from uplink frequency bands n1 and n41 may affect the downlink frequency band n79, REFSENS may be relaxed by an MSD value of 19.0 dB. For example, one or more transceivers may send an uplink signal through a channel with a center frequency of 1970 MHz and a bandwidth of 5 MHz in the uplink frequency band n1, and send an uplink signal through a channel with a center frequency of 2530 MHz and a bandwidth of 10 MHz. In this case, when one or more transceivers receive a downlink signal through a channel with a center frequency of 4500 MHz and a bandwidth of 40 MHz, REFSENS may be relaxed by an MSD value of 19.0 dB. Based on the relaxation value. One or more transceivers may be tested to determine whether the downlink signal throughput of the UE is greater than 95% of the maximum throughput of the reference measurement channel. The UE may include one or more transceivers that have passed the test.

[0388] As another example, such CA may be configured for one or more transceivers included in the UE. In this case, since the signals sent from uplink frequency bands n41 and n79 may affect the downlink frequency band n1, REFSENS may be relaxed by an MSD value of 29.9 dB. For example, one or more transceivers may send an uplink signal through a channel with a center frequency of 2530 MHz and a bandwidth of 10 MHz in the uplink frequency band n41, and send an uplink signal through a channel with a center frequency of 4690 MHz and a bandwidth of 40 MHz. In this case, when one or more transceivers receive a downlink signal through a channel with a center frequency of 1970 MHz and a bandwidth of 5 MHz in the downlink frequency band n1, REFSENS may be relaxed by an MSD value of 29.9 dB. Based on the relaxation value. One or more transceivers may be tested to determine whether the downlink signal throughput of the UE is greater than 95% of the maximum throughput of the reference measurement channel. The UE may include one or more transceivers that have passed the test.

[0389] For example, CA based on frequency bands n41, n77, and n79 may be set for the UE.

[0390] For example, such CA may be set for one or more transceivers included in the UE. In this case, since the signals sent from uplink bands n77 and n79 may affect the downlink band n41, REFSENS may be relaxed by an MSD value of 10.7 dB. For example, one or more transceivers may send an uplink signal through a channel with a center frequency of 3600 MHz and a bandwidth of 10 MHz in the uplink band n77, and send an uplink signal through a channel with a center frequency of 4600 MHz and a bandwidth of 40 MHz. In this case, when one or more transceivers receive a downlink signal through a channel with a center frequency of 2600 MHz and a bandwidth of 10 MHz in the downlink band n41, REFSENS may be relaxed by an MSD value of 10.7 dB. Based on the relaxation value. One or more transceivers may be tested to determine whether the downlink signal throughput of the UE is greater than 95% of the maximum throughput of the reference measurement channel. The UE may include one or more transceivers that have passed the test.

[0391] The following figures are intended to illustrate specific embodiments of the present disclosure. The designation of specific devices or specific signals / messages / fields shown in the figures is for illustrative purposes only, and the technical features of this specification are not limited to the specific designations used in the following figures.

[0392] Fig.15 An example of a process according to one embodiment of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0393] For example, Figures 1 to 14 The operations described in the example can also be applied to Fig.15 For example, even in Fig.15 Operations, contents, etc. that are not directly described in the examples of the present specification may also be applied to operations, contents, etc. described in various examples of the disclosed contents of this specification.

[0394] The UE may include one or more transceivers; one or more processors; and one or more memories, which may store instructions and may be operatively connected to the one or more processors. Based on the one or more processors executing the instructions, the operations described below may be performed.

[0395] In step S1501, the UE may transmit an uplink signal. For example, the UE may transmit an uplink signal through one or more transceivers. The one or more transceivers may be configured to perform uplink transmission based on two NR operating bands among the operating bands n1, n41, n77, and n79.

[0396] In step S1502, the UE may receive a downlink signal. For example, the UE may receive the downlink signal through one or more transceivers. The downlink signal may be received based on one of the NR operating bands n1, n41, n77, and n79.

[0397] CA may be configured for one or more transceivers based on two NR operating bands and one NR operating band. For example, i) the above two NR operating bands may be bands n1, n41, and the above one NR operating band may be band n79, ii) the above two NR operating bands may be bands n41 and n79, or iii) the above two NR operating bands may be bands n77 and n79, and the above one NR operating band may be n41. Based on this combination of bands for CA, the reference sensitivity set for the above one or more transceivers to perform downlink reception through the above one NR operating band may be relaxed according to the MSD.

[0398] For example, based on the fact that the two NR operating bands are bands n1 and n41 and one NR operating band is band n79, the MSD may be 19.0 dB. In this case, based on the fact that the uplink center frequency for band n1 is 1970 MHz, the uplink center frequency for band n41 is 2530 MHz, and the downlink center frequency for band n79 is 4500 MHz, the requirements for reference sensitivity may be tested for one or more of the above transceivers.

[0399] For example, based on the fact that the two NR operating bands are bands n41 and n79 and one NR operating band is band n1, the MSD may be 29.9 dB. In this case, based on the fact that the uplink center frequency for the above band n41 is 2530 MHz, the uplink center frequency for the above band n79 is 4690 MHz, and the downlink center frequency for the above band n1 is 1970 MHz, the above one or more transceivers may be tested for the requirements of the reference sensitivity.

[0400] For example, based on the fact that the two NR operating bands are bands n77 and n79 and one NR operating band is band n41, the MSD may be 10.7 dB. In this case, based on the fact that the uplink center frequency for the above band n77 is 3600 MHz, the uplink center frequency for the above band n79 is 4600 MHz, and the downlink center frequency for the above band n41 is 4600 MHz, the requirements for the reference sensitivity may be tested for the above one or more transceivers.

[0401] This description can have various effects.

[0402] For example, according to various examples of the present disclosure herein, the coexistence problem can be solved by analyzing the coexistence problem of the frequency band combination for CA and analyzing the MSD. For example, when CA based on frequency bands n1, n41, and n79 or CA based on frequency bands n41, n77, and n79 is configured for a UE, the MSD analyzed according to various examples of the present disclosure herein can be applied. Therefore, the coexistence problem can be solved.

[0403] The effects that can be obtained from the specific examples of the present disclosure are not limited to the effects listed above. For example, there may be various technical effects that a person of ordinary skill in the relevant art can understand or infer from the present disclosure. Therefore, the specific effects of the present disclosure are not limited to those effects explicitly set forth herein, but may include various effects that can be understood or inferred from the technical features of the present disclosure.

[0404] For reference, the operation of the terminal (eg, UE) described in the disclosure of this specification can be performed by Figures 1 to 3 For example, a terminal (eg, UE) may be Figure 1 The first device 100 or the second device 200 of the present invention may be a first device 100 or a second device 200. For example, the operation of the terminal (e.g., UE) described in the disclosure of this specification may be processed by one or more processors 102 or 202. The operation of the terminal described in the disclosure of this specification may be stored in one or more memories 104 or 204 in the form of instructions / programs (e.g., instructions and executable codes) that can be executed by one or more processors 102 or 202. The one or more processors 102 or 202 may control the one or more memories 104 or 204 and the one or more transceivers 105 or 206 and execute the instructions / programs stored in the one or more memories 104 or 204 to perform the operation of the terminal (e.g., UE) described in the disclosure of this specification.

[0405] In addition, instructions for performing the operations of the terminal (e.g., UE) described in the disclosure of this specification may be stored in a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium. The storage medium may be included in one or more memories 104 or 204. In addition, the instructions recorded in the storage medium may be executed by one or more processors 102 or 202 to perform the operations of the terminal (e.g., UE) described in the disclosure of this specification.

[0406] For reference, the operations of the network nodes (e.g., AMF, SMF, UPF, PCF, AUSF, etc.) or base stations (e.g., NG-RAN, gNB, eNB, etc.) described in the disclosure of this specification may be described below. Figures 1 to 3 For example, a network node or base station may be Figure 1The first device 100a or the second device 100b of the present invention may be a first device 100a or a second device 100b. For example, the operation of the network node or base station described in the disclosure of this specification may be processed by one or more processors 102 or 202. The operation of the network node or base station described in the disclosure of this specification may be stored in one or more memories 104 or 204 in the form of instructions / programs (e.g., instructions and executable codes) that can be executed by one or more processors 102 or 202. The one or more processors 102 or 202 may control the one or more memories 104 or 204 and the one or more transceivers 106 or 206 and execute the instructions / programs stored in the one or more memories 104 or 204 to perform the operation of the network node or base station described in the disclosure of this specification.

[0407] In addition, instructions for executing the operations of the NTN network described in the disclosure of this specification may be stored in a non-volatile (or non-transitory) computer-readable storage medium. The storage medium may be included in one or more memories 104 or 204. In addition, the instructions recorded in the storage medium may be executed by one or more processors 102 or 202 to execute the operations of the NTN network described in the disclosure of this specification.

[0408] Although the preferred embodiment has been described above, the disclosure of this specification is not limited to such specific embodiment and thus may be modified, changed or improved in various ways within the spirit of the disclosure of this specification and the scope of the claims.

[0409] Although the method is described as a series of steps or blocks based on the flowchart in the exemplary system described above, they are not limited to the order of the steps described, and some steps may occur in a different order or simultaneously with other steps described above. In addition, those skilled in the art will understand that the steps shown in the flowchart are not exclusive, and other steps may be included or one or more steps of the flowchart may be deleted without affecting the scope of authority.

[0410] The claims described herein may be combined in various ways. For example, the technical features of the method claims of the disclosure of this specification may be combined and implemented as a device, and the technical features of the device claims of the disclosure of this specification may be combined and implemented as a method. In addition, the technical features of the method claims of the disclosure of this specification and the technical features of the device claims may be combined and implemented as a device, and the technical features of the method claims of the disclosure and the technical features of the device claims may be combined and implemented as a method. Other implementations are within the scope of the attached claims.

Claims

1. A user equipment (UE) adapted to operate in a wireless communication system, the UE comprising: at least one transceiver; at least one processor; as well as at least one memory storing instructions and being operatively connected to the at least one processor, The operations performed by the at least one processor based on the instruction include: transmitting an uplink signal based on the one or more transceivers; and receiving a downlink signal based on the one or more transceivers; wherein the one or more transceivers are adapted to perform uplink transmission based on two NR operating bands among the New Radio NR operating bands n1, n41, n77 and n79, The downlink signal is received based on one of the NR operating frequency bands n1, n41, n77 and n79, Based on the two NR operating frequency bands and the one NR operating frequency band, configure carrier aggregation CA for the one or more transceivers, Based on i) the two NR operating bands are bands n1 and n41 and the one NR operating band is band n79, or ii) the two NR operating bands are bands n41 and n79 and the one NR operating band is band n1, or iii) the two NR operating bands are bands n77 and n79, and based on the one NR operating band being band n41, a reference sensitivity configured for the one or more transceivers for downlink reception based on the one NR operating band is relaxed according to maximum sensitivity degradation (MSD).

2. The UE according to claim 1, Based on the two NR operating bands being bands n1 and n41, and the one NR operating band being band n79, the MSD is 19.0 dB.

3. The UE according to claim 2, in, The uplink center frequency for the frequency band n1 is 1970 MHz, The uplink center frequency for the frequency band n41 is 2530 MHz. Based on the downlink center frequency of the above frequency band n79 being 4500 MHz, the one or more transceivers are tested for the above reference sensitivity requirements.

4. The UE according to claim 1, Based on the two NR operating bands being bands n41 and n79, and the one NR operating band being band n1, the MSD is 29.9 dB.

5. The UE according to claim 4, in, The uplink center frequency for the frequency band n41 is 2530 MHz, The uplink center frequency for the frequency band n79 is 4690 MHz. Based on the downlink center frequency for the above frequency band n1 being 1970 MHz, the one or more transceivers are tested for the requirement for the above reference sensitivity.

6. The UE according to claim 1, Based on the two NR operating bands being bands n77 and n79, and the one NR operating band being band n41, the MSD is 10.7 dB.

7. The UE according to claim 6, in, The uplink center frequency for the frequency band n77 is 3600 MHz, The uplink center frequency for the frequency band n79 is 4600 MHz. Based on the downlink center frequency of the above frequency band n41 being 2600 MHz, the one or more transceivers are tested for the above reference sensitivity requirements.

8. A method for performing communication, the method being performed by a user equipment UE and comprising the following steps: transmitting an uplink signal through one or more transceivers included in the UE; as well as receiving, by the one or more transceivers, a downlink signal; wherein the one or more transceivers are adapted to perform uplink transmission based on two NR operating bands among the New Radio NR operating bands n1, n41, n77 and n79, The downlink signal is received based on one of the NR operating frequency bands n1, n41, n77 and n79, Based on the two NR operating frequency bands and the one NR operating frequency band, configure carrier aggregation CA for the one or more transceivers, Based on i) the two NR operating bands are bands n1 and n41 and the one NR operating band is band n79, or ii) the two NR operating bands are bands n41 and n79 and the one NR operating band is band n1, or iii) the two NR operating bands are bands n77 and n79, and based on the one NR operating band being band n41, a reference sensitivity configured for the one or more transceivers for downlink reception based on the one NR operating band is relaxed according to maximum sensitivity degradation (MSD).

9. The method according to claim 8, Based on the two NR operating bands being bands n1 and n41, and the one NR operating band being band n79, the MSD is 19.0 dB.

10. The method according to claim 9, in, The uplink center frequency for the frequency band n1 is 1970 MHz, The uplink center frequency for the frequency band n41 is 2530 MHz. Based on the downlink center frequency of the above frequency band n79 being 4500 MHz, the one or more transceivers are tested for the above reference sensitivity requirements.

11. The method according to claim 8, Based on the two NR operating bands being bands n41 and n79, and the one NR operating band being band n1, the MSD is 29.9 dB.

12. The method according to claim 11, in, The uplink center frequency for the frequency band n41 is 2530 MHz, The uplink center frequency for the frequency band n79 is 4690 MHz. Based on the downlink center frequency for the above frequency band n1 being 1970 MHz, the one or more transceivers are tested for the requirement for the above reference sensitivity.

13. The method according to claim 8, Based on the two NR operating bands being bands n77 and n79, and the one NR operating band being band n41, the MSD is 10.7 dB.

14. The method according to claim 13, in, The uplink center frequency for the frequency band n77 is 3600 MHz, The uplink center frequency for the frequency band n79 is 4600 MHz. Based on the downlink center frequency of the above frequency band n41 being 2600 MHz, the one or more transceivers are tested for the above reference sensitivity requirements.

15. A device in a wireless communication system, the device comprising: at least one transceiver; at least one processor; as well as at least one memory storing instructions and being operatively connected to the at least one processor, The operations performed by the at least one processor based on the instruction include: transmitting an uplink signal based on the one or more transceivers; and receiving a downlink signal based on the one or more transceivers; wherein the device is adapted to perform uplink transmission based on two NR operating bands among the New Radio NR operating bands n1, n41, n77 and n79, The downlink signal is received based on one of the NR operating frequency bands n1, n41, n77 and n79, Based on the two NR operating frequency bands and the one NR operating frequency band, configure carrier aggregation CA for the one or more transceivers, Based on i) the two NR operating bands are bands n1 and n41 and the one NR operating band is band n79, or ii) the two NR operating bands are bands n41 and n79 and the one NR operating band is band n1, or iii) the two NR operating bands are bands n77 and n79, and based on the one NR operating band being band n41, a reference sensitivity configured for the one or more transceivers for downlink reception based on the one NR operating band is relaxed according to maximum sensitivity degradation (MSD).

16. A non-transitory computer readable medium (CRM) storing instructions, the instructions being executed by at least one processor to perform operations comprising: transmitting an uplink signal based on the one or more transceivers; as well as receiving a downlink signal based on the one or more transceivers; wherein the device comprising the at least one processor is adapted to perform uplink transmission based on two NR operating bands among the New Radio NR operating bands n1, n41, n77 and n79, The downlink signal is received based on one of the NR operating frequency bands n1, n41, n77 and n79, Based on the two NR operating frequency bands and the one NR operating frequency band, configure carrier aggregation CA for the one or more transceivers, Based on i) the two NR operating bands are bands n1 and n41 and the one NR operating band is band n79, or ii) the two NR operating bands are bands n41 and n79 and the one NR operating band is band n1, or iii) the two NR operating bands are bands n77 and n79, and based on the one NR operating band being band n41, a reference sensitivity configured for the one or more transceivers for downlink reception based on the one NR operating band is relaxed according to maximum sensitivity degradation (MSD).

17. A user equipment (UE) configured to operate in a wireless communication system, the UE comprising: at least one transceiver; at least one processor; as well as at least one memory storing instructions and being operatively connected to the at least one processor, The operations performed by the at least one processor based on the instruction include: transmitting an uplink signal based on the one or more transceivers; and receiving a downlink signal based on the one or more transceivers; wherein the one or more transceivers are configured to perform uplink transmission based on two NR operating bands among the New Radio NR operating bands n1, n41, n77 and n79, The downlink signal is received based on one of the NR operating frequency bands n1, n41, n77 and n79, Based on the two NR operating frequency bands and the one NR operating frequency band, configure carrier aggregation CA for the one or more transceivers, Based on i) the two NR operating bands are bands n1 and n41 and the one NR operating band is band n79, or ii) the two NR operating bands are bands n41 and n79 and the one NR operating band is band n1, relaxing a reference sensitivity configured for the one or more transceivers for downlink reception based on the one NR operating band according to maximum sensitivity degradation (MSD), and Wherein, the MSD is 19.0dB or 29.9dB.

18. A user equipment (UE) configured to operate in a wireless communication system, the UE comprising: at least one transceiver; at least one processor; as well as at least one memory storing instructions and being operatively connected to the at least one processor, The operations performed by the at least one processor based on the instruction include: transmitting an uplink signal based on the one or more transceivers; and receiving a downlink signal based on the one or more transceivers; wherein the one or more transceivers are configured to perform uplink transmission based on two NR operating bands among the New Radio NR operating bands n1, n41, n77 and n79, The downlink signal is received based on one of the NR operating frequency bands n1, n41, n77 and n79, Based on the two NR operating frequency bands and the one NR operating frequency band, configure carrier aggregation CA for the one or more transceivers, Based on the two NR operating frequency bands being frequency bands n77 and n79 and the one NR operating frequency band being frequency band n41, relaxing a reference sensitivity configured for the one or more transceivers for downlink reception based on the one NR operating frequency band according to maximum sensitivity degradation (MSD), and Wherein, the MSD is 10.7dB.

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