System and method for precision improvement for RTT-based positioning

Abstract

Systems and methods for round trip time (RTT)-based positioning accuracy improvement are presented. A first network node may communicate with a second network node to determine a first measurement. The first measurement may correspond to a first round trip. The first network node may communicate with the second network node to determine a second measurement corresponding to the second round trip. A first location of the first network node or a second location of the second network node may be determined based at least in part on the first measurement and the second measurement.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates generally to wireless communications, including but not limited to systems and methods for accuracy improvement and round trip time (RTT) based positioning. Background Art

[0002] Sidelink (SL) communication refers to wireless radio communication between two or more user equipments (UEs). In this type of communication, two or more UEs that are geographically close to each other can communicate without being routed to a base station (BS) or a core network. Therefore, data transmission in SL communication is different from typical cellular network communication, which includes transmitting data to a BS (e.g., uplink transmission) and receiving data from a BS (e.g., downlink transmission). In SL communication, data is sent directly from a source UE to a target UE via, for example, a unified air interface (e.g., a PC5 interface) without passing through a BS. Summary of the invention

[0003] The example embodiments disclosed herein are intended to solve problems related to one or more of the problems raised in the prior art, as well as to provide additional features that will become clear by reference to the following detailed description when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. According to various embodiments, example systems, methods, devices, and computer program products are disclosed herein. However, it should be understood that these embodiments are presented by way of example, not limitation, and it will be clear to those of ordinary skill in the art who read this disclosure that various modifications may be made to the disclosed embodiments while remaining within the scope of this disclosure.

[0004] At least one aspect relates to a system, method, apparatus, or computer-readable medium. A first network node may communicate (e.g., transmit / exchange information) with a second network node to determine a first measurement. The first measurement may correspond to a first round trip. The first network node may communicate with the second network node to determine a second measurement corresponding to a second round trip. A first location of the first network node and / or a second location of the second network node may be determined based at least in part on the first measurement and the second measurement.

[0005] In some arrangements, the first measurement and the second measurement may be sent to a location management function (LMF). The LMF may determine a first location of the first network node or a second location of the second network node based on at least one of the first measurement or the second measurement. In some arrangements, at least one of the first network node or the second network node may determine the first location of the first network node or the second location of the second network node based on at least one of the first measurement or the second measurement.

[0006] In some arrangements, the first network node may receive at least one of assistance data, a capability request, or a measurement result request from the LMF. In some implementations, at least one of the following: the assistance data may include transmission parameters of a sidelink positioning reference signal (SL-PRS) to be sent by the first network node, information related to the positioning method, and quality of service (QoS) requirements; the measurement result request may include a request for the first network node to provide information related to the SL-PRS sent by the first network node; and / or the capability request may include at least one of the following: a request for the first network node to provide information related to whether multi-RTT is supported by the first network node, or a request for the first network node to enable multi-RTT functionality.

[0007] In some arrangements, the first network node may send / transmit / provide at least one of the following to the LMF: a capability report, an assistance data request, or a measurement result report. There is at least one of the following: the assistance data request may include a request for transmission parameters of the SL-PRS to be sent by the first network node; the measurement result report may include at least one of the first measurement or the second measurement, and each of the first measurement or the second measurement includes at least one of the following: signal strength, single-sided RTT (SS-RTT) reception to transmission time difference, or SS-RTT measurement timestamp; and / or the capability report may include information related to whether single-sided multi-RTT is supported by the first network node, or related to the multi-RTT function of the first network node.

[0008] In some arrangements, a base station (BS) (e.g., a gNB and / or a TRP) may send at least one of assistance data or SL-PRS configuration data to the LMF. In some arrangements, the LMF may send at least one of SL-PRS transmission characteristic information to the base station. In some arrangements, the first network node may send a capability report including at least one of an indication of whether dual-sided multi-RTT and / or multi-sided multi-RTT is supported, and / or an indication of the type of multi-RTT supported.

[0009] In some arrangements, the first network node may receive / obtain control information. The control information may include at least one of: a configuration for determining at least one of the first round trip or the second round trip; a trigger for determining at least one of the first round trip or the second round trip; activating at least one of: determining the first round trip or determining the second round trip; and / or deactivating at least one of: determining the first round trip or determining the second round trip. In some arrangements, the first network node may receive control information. The control information may include at least one of: an indication of determining at least one of the first measurement, or determining the second measurement; whether the first measurement or the second measurement is required for feedback; and / or an identifier (ID) for both the first measurement and the second measurement.

[0010] In some arrangements, wherein a first network node communicates with a second network node to determine a first measurement includes: the first network node sends a first message to the second network node; and the first network node receives a first response to the first message from the second network node; and wherein the first network node communicates with the second network node to determine a second measurement includes: the first network node receives a second message from the second network node; and the first network node sends a second response to the second message to the second network node.

[0011] In some arrangements, the first network node communicates with the second network node to determine a first measurement including: the first network node sends a first message to the second network node; and the first network node receives a first response to the first message from the second network node; and wherein the first network node communicates with the second network node to determine a second measurement including: the first network node sends a second message to the second network node; and the first network node receives a second response to the second message from the second network node.

[0012] In some arrangements, the first network node communicates with the second network node to determine a first measurement including: the first network node sends a first message to the second network node; and the first network node receives a first response to the first message from the second network node; and wherein the first network node communicates with the second network node to determine a second measurement including: the first network node sends a second message to the second network node in response to receiving the first response.

[0013] In some arrangements, the second message may be sent at a time when the first response is received by the first network node. In some arrangements, the first network node may receive a third message in response to the second message from the second network node. The second message and the third message may correspond to a third round trip. In some arrangements, each of the first measurement or the second measurement may include a reception-to-transmission time difference as a time difference between a SL-PRS reception time and a SL-PRS transmission time. The method may also include determining a total reception-to-transmission time difference for each of the first measurement or the second measurement based on a sum of a first reception-to-transmission time having a higher granularity and a second reception-to-transmission time having a lower granularity.

[0014] In some arrangements, the higher granularity may be defined by a coarser resolution step size and a first reporting range. The lower granularity may be defined by a finer resolution step size based on the granularity factor and a second reporting range. In some arrangements, the method may include determining a receive-to-transmit time difference based on transmission characteristics of the first network node and the second network node. In some arrangements, the first network node may communicate with the second network node a preferred response time, the preferred response time being applied by the first network node and the second network node prior to communicating to determine the first measurement and the second measurement.

[0015] In some arrangements, the first network node may send a measurement result report. The measurement result report may include: the first measurement and the second measurement; an ID shared by the first network node and the second network node; a measurement timestamp, the measurement timestamp defining a time when the first measurement or the second measurement may be determined; and / or an ID indicating a group of associated measurements.

[0016] In some arrangements, the first measurement, the second measurement, a transmission configuration of a signal used in determining the first measurement and the second measurement, and a measurement timestamp may be associated with each other. In some arrangements, the method may include determining a measurement time window, wherein within the measurement time window, a communication for determining the first measurement and a communication for determining the second measurement are performed. In some arrangements, the first network node may be a wireless communication device and the second network node may be a base station. In this case, the first network node may receive control information. The control information may include at least one of: a configuration for determining an order of the first round trip and the second round trip; a trigger for determining an order of the first round trip and the second round trip; activating the order of the first round trip and the second round trip; and / or deactivating the order of the first round trip and the second round trip.

[0017] In some arrangements, the first network node may be a wireless communication device and the second network node may be a base station. The method may include the first network node receiving control information. The control information may include at least one of: an indication of an order for determining the first measurement or determining the second measurement; whether the first measurement or the second measurement is required for feedback; and / or an ID of a process for determining at least one of the first measurement or the second measurement.

[0018] In some arrangements, the first network node may be a wireless communication device and the second network node may be a base station. Each of the first measurement or the second measurement may include a reception-to-transmission time difference as a time difference between a signal reception time and a signal transmission time. In this case, the method may include determining a total reception-to-transmission time difference for each of the first measurement or the second measurement based on a sum of a first reception-to-transmission time having a higher granularity and a second reception-to-transmission time having a lower granularity.

[0019] In some arrangements, the first network node may communicate with the third network node to determine a third measurement. The third measurement may correspond to a third round trip. The first network node may communicate with the third network node to determine a fourth measurement corresponding to a fourth round trip. The first location of the first network node may be determined at least in part based on the first measurement, the second measurement, the third measurement, and the fourth measurement.

[0020] At least one aspect relates to a system, method, apparatus, or computer-readable medium. A network entity may determine a first measurement corresponding to a first round trip of communications between a first network node and a second network node. The network entity may determine a second measurement corresponding to a second round trip of communications between the first network node and the second network node. The network entity may determine a first location of the first network node or a second location of the second network node based at least in part on the first measurement and the second measurement. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Various example embodiments of the present solution are described in detail below with reference to the following drawings or figures. The drawings are provided for illustrative purposes only and depict only example embodiments of the present solution to facilitate the reader's understanding of the present solution. Therefore, the drawings should not be considered as limiting the breadth, scope or applicability of the present solution. It should be noted that for clarity and ease of description, these drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale.

[0022] Figure 1 shows an example cellular communication network in which the techniques disclosed herein may be implemented according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0023] Figure 2 A block diagram showing an example base station and user equipment according to some embodiments of the present disclosure is shown;

[0024] Figure 3 shows an example of RTT between a first network node and a second network node according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0025] Figure 4 An example of a double-sided RTT (DS-RTT) between a first network node and a second network node according to some embodiments of the present disclosure is shown;

[0026] Figure 5 illustrates an example sidelink positioning reference signal (SL-PRS) between a target UE and multiple anchor UEs according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0027] Figure 6 A flow chart illustrating an example method for transmitting information from a location management function (LMF) to a UE according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0028] Figure 7 A flowchart illustrating an example method for transmitting information from a UE to a LMF according to some embodiments of the present disclosure is shown;

[0029] Figure 8 A flowchart illustrating an example method for transmitting information from a BS (e.g., a gNB) to a LMF according to some embodiments of the present disclosure is shown;

[0030] Fig. 9 A flowchart illustrating an example method for transmitting information from a LMF to a BS according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0031] Fig.10 A flowchart illustrating an example method for communication between UEs according to some embodiments of the present disclosure is shown;

[0032] Fig.11 shows an example of DS-RTT with four messages and two different initiators according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0033] Fig.12 An example of DS-RTT with four messages and two identical / similar initiators is shown according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0034] Fig.13 An example of DS-RTT with three messages according to some embodiments of the present disclosure is shown;

[0035] Fig.14 An example of an asymmetric two-sided (ADS) RTT with three messages is shown according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0036] Fig.15 An example of multi-side (MS) RTT with four SL-PRS transmissions (e.g., four messages) according to some embodiments of the present disclosure is shown;

[0037] Fig.16 shows an example of SL DS-RTT according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0038] Fig.17 shows example time slots for communication between two UEs according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0039] Fig.18 shows an example of triggering a preferred response time according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0040] Fig.19 A flow chart showing an example measurement group / pair including multiple measurements according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0041] Fig. 20 A flow chart illustrating an example measurement element including multiple measurement subsets according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0042] Fig.21 A flow chart illustrating an example of using additional measurements to include / contain / provide DS-RTT / multi-side (MS) RTT measurements according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0043] Fig. 22 An example of DS-RTT between a BS and a UE according to some embodiments of the present disclosure is shown;

[0044] Fig.23 shows examples of different RTTs supported by hybrid positioning according to some embodiments of the present disclosure; and

[0045] Fig.24 A flowchart of an example method for RTT-based positioning according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0046] 1. Mobile communication technology and environment

[0047] Figure 1 An example wireless communication network and / or system 100 is shown in which the techniques disclosed herein may be implemented in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. In the following discussion, the wireless communication network 100 may be any wireless network, such as a cellular network or a narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) network, and is referred to herein as "network 100." Such an example network 100 includes a base station 102 (hereinafter referred to as "BS 102"; also referred to as a wireless communication node) and a user equipment 104 (hereinafter referred to as "UE 104"; also referred to as a wireless communication device) that may communicate with each other via a communication link 110 (e.g., a wireless communication channel), and a cluster of cells 126, 130, 132, 134, 136, 138, and 140 covering a geographic area 101. Figure 1 1, BS 102 and UE 104 are contained within respective geographic boundaries of cell 126. Each of the other cells 130, 132, 134, 136, 138, and 140 may include at least one base station operating with its allocated bandwidth to provide adequate radio coverage to its intended users.

[0048] For example, BS 102 may operate with an allocated channel transmission bandwidth to provide adequate coverage to UE 104. BS 102 and UE 104 may communicate via downlink radio frames 118 and uplink radio frames 124, respectively. Each radio frame 118 / 124 may be further divided into subframes 120 / 127, which may include data symbols 122 / 128. In the present disclosure, BS 102 and UE 104 are described herein as non-limiting examples of "communication nodes", which may generally practice the methods disclosed herein. According to various embodiments of the present solution, such communication nodes may be capable of wireless and / or wired communication.

[0049] Figure 2A block diagram of an example wireless communication system 200 for sending and receiving wireless communication signals (e.g., OFDM / OFDMA signals) according to some embodiments of the present solution is shown. The system 200 may include components and elements configured to support known or conventional operating features that need not be described in detail herein. In an illustrative embodiment, the system 200 may be used in applications such as Figure 1 Data symbols are communicated (eg, transmitted and received) in a wireless communication environment such as the wireless communication environment 100 of FIG. 1 , as described above.

[0050] System 200 generally includes a base station 202 (hereinafter referred to as "BS 202") and a user equipment 204 (hereinafter referred to as "UE 204"). BS 202 includes a BS (base station) transceiver module 210, a BS antenna 212, a BS processor module 214, a BS memory module 216, and a network communication module 218, each of which is coupled to and interconnected with each other via a data communication bus 220 as needed. UE 204 includes a UE (user equipment) transceiver module 230, a UE antenna 232, a UE memory module 234, and a UE processor module 236, each of which is coupled to and interconnected with each other via a data communication bus 240 as needed. BS 202 communicates with UE 204 via a communication channel 250, which can be any wireless channel or other medium suitable for data transmission as described herein.

[0051] As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, the system 200 may also include Figure 2 Any number of other modules outside the modules shown. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the various illustrative blocks, modules, circuits, and processing logic described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in hardware, computer-readable software, firmware, or any actual combination thereof. In order to clearly illustrate this interchangeability and compatibility of hardware, firmware, and software, various illustrative components, blocks, modules, circuits, and steps are generally described according to their functions. Whether such functions are implemented as hardware, firmware, or software may depend on specific applications and design constraints imposed on the entire system. People familiar with the concepts described herein can implement such functions in a suitable manner for each specific application, but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as limiting the scope of the present disclosure.

[0052] According to some embodiments, the UE transceiver 230 may be referred to herein as an "uplink" transceiver 230, which includes a radio frequency (RF) transmitter and an RF receiver, each of which includes circuitry coupled to an antenna 232. A duplex switch (not shown) may alternatively couple the uplink transmitter or receiver to the uplink antenna in a time duplex manner. Similarly, according to some embodiments, the BS transceiver 210 may be referred to herein as a "downlink" transceiver 210, which includes an RF transmitter and an RF receiver, each of which includes circuitry coupled to an antenna 212. The downlink duplex switch may alternatively couple the downlink transmitter or receiver to the downlink antenna 212 in a time duplex manner. The operation of the two transceiver modules 210 and 230 may be coordinated in time such that the uplink receiver circuitry is coupled to the uplink antenna 232 for reception of transmissions made over the wireless transmission link 250 when the downlink transmitter is coupled to the downlink antenna 212. Conversely, the operation of the two transceivers 210 and 230 may be coordinated in time such that the downlink receiver is coupled to the downlink antenna 212 for reception of transmissions made over the wireless transmission link 250 when the uplink transmitter is coupled to the uplink antenna 232. In some embodiments, there is tight time synchronization with minimal guard times between changes in duplex direction.

[0053] The UE transceiver 230 and the base station transceiver 210 are configured to communicate via a wireless data communication link 250 and cooperate with an appropriately configured RF antenna arrangement 212 / 232 capable of supporting a specific wireless communication protocol and modulation scheme. In some illustrative embodiments, the UE transceiver 230 and the base station transceiver 210 are configured to support industry standards such as Long Term Evolution (LTE) and emerging 5G standards. However, it should be understood that the present disclosure is not necessarily limited to application to specific standards and related protocols. Instead, the UE transceiver 230 and the base station transceiver 210 can be configured to support alternative or additional wireless data communication protocols, including future standards or variants thereof.

[0054] According to various embodiments, for example, BS 202 may be an evolved Node B (eNB), a gNB, a serving eNB, a target eNB, a femtocell or a microcell. In some embodiments, UE 204 may be embodied in various types of user equipment, such as a mobile phone, a smart phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a tablet, a laptop computer, a wearable computing device, etc. Processor modules 214 and 236 may be implemented or implemented with a general purpose processor, a content addressable memory, a digital signal processor, an application specific integrated circuit, a field programmable gate array, any suitable programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. In this manner, the processor may be implemented as a microprocessor, a controller, a microcontroller, a state machine, etc. The processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, for example, a combination of a digital signal processor and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in combination with a digital signal processor core, or any other such configuration.

[0055] In addition, the steps of the methods or algorithms described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein may be directly embodied in hardware, in firmware, in software modules executed by the processor modules 214 and 236, respectively, or in any practical combination thereof. The memory modules 216 and 234 may be implemented as RAM memory, flash memory, ROM memory, EPROM memory, EEPROM memory, registers, hard disk, removable disk, CD-ROM, or any other form of storage medium known in the art. In this regard, the memory modules 216 and 234 may be coupled to the processor modules 210 and 230, respectively, so that the processor modules 210 and 230 may read information from and write information to the memory modules 216 and 234, respectively. The memory modules 216 and 234 may also be integrated into their respective processor modules 210 and 230. In some embodiments, the memory modules 216 and 234 may each include a cache memory for storing temporary variables or other intermediate information during the execution of instructions to be executed by the processor modules 210 and 230, respectively. Memory modules 216 and 234 may also each include non-volatile memory for storing instructions to be executed by processor modules 210 and 230, respectively.

[0056] The network communication module 218 generally represents the hardware, software, firmware, processing logic and / or other components of the base station 202 for enabling bidirectional communication between the base station transceiver 210 and other network components and communication nodes configured to communicate with the network base station 202. For example, the network communication module 218 can be configured to support Internet or WiMAX services. In a typical deployment, without limitation, the network communication module 218 provides an 802.3 Ethernet interface so that the base station transceiver 210 can communicate with a conventional Ethernet-based computer network. In this way, the network communication module 218 may include a physical interface for connecting to a computer network (e.g., a mobile switching center (MSC)). The terms "configured for", "configured to" and their variations as used herein with respect to the specified operation or function refer to devices, components, circuits, structures, machines, signals, etc. that are physically constructed, programmed, formatted and / or arranged to perform the specified operation or function.

[0057] The open systems interconnection (OSI) model (referred to herein as the "open systems interconnection model") is a concept and logical layout that defines network communications used by systems (e.g., wireless communication devices, wireless communication nodes) that are open to interconnect and communicate with other systems. The model is divided into seven subcomponents or layers, each of which represents a conceptual set of services provided to the layers above and below it. The OSI model also defines a logical network and effectively describes computer packet transmission by using different layer protocols. The OSI model may also be referred to as a seven-layer OSI model or a seven-layer model. In some embodiments, the first layer may be a physical layer. In some embodiments, the second layer may be a media access control (MAC) layer. In some embodiments, the third layer may be a radio link control (RLC) layer. In some embodiments, the fourth layer may be a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer. In some embodiments, the fifth layer may be a radio resource control (RRC) layer. In some embodiments, the sixth layer may be a non-access stratum (NAS) layer or an Internet Protocol (IP) layer, and the seventh layer is another layer.

[0058] Various example embodiments of the present solution are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings so that a person of ordinary skill in the art can make and use the present solution. As is clear to a person of ordinary skill in the art, after reading the present disclosure, various changes or modifications may be made to the examples described herein without departing from the scope of the present solution. Therefore, the present solution is not limited to the example embodiments and applications described and illustrated herein. In addition, the specific order or hierarchy of steps in the methods disclosed herein are merely example methods. Based on design preferences, the specific order or hierarchy of steps of the disclosed methods or processes may be rearranged while remaining within the scope of the present solution. Therefore, a person of ordinary skill in the art will understand that the methods and techniques disclosed herein present various steps or actions in an example order, and unless otherwise expressly stated, the present solution is not limited to the specific order or hierarchy presented.

[0059] 2. System and method for improving accuracy of RTT-based positioning

[0060] In certain systems, the performance and / or positioning accuracy of a multi-round trip time (multi-RTT) positioning method / feature / technique / implementation / process may be affected by a clock offset error of at least one network node (e.g., gNB / BS 102 / wireless communication node, UE 104 / wireless communication device, LMF, etc.). A network node may sometimes be generally referred to as a node. In some cases, the accuracy of multi-RTT may be further affected when sidelink multi-RTT positioning is introduced, for example due to performance differences between the oscillator(s) of UE 104 and the oscillator(s) of BS 102.

[0061] In order to improve or enhance positioning accuracy (e.g., to meet or comply with high-precision positioning requirements), the systems and methods discussed herein may include processing, processes and / or implementations for signaling, such as dual-sided RTT (DS-RTT) for Uu (e.g., Uu interface), sidelink (SL), and / or joint Uu and SL multi-RTT positioning.

[0062] In some systems, based on or in accordance with the specification, the multi-RTT positioning method may use / utilize at least one of the measurement of the time difference between UE reception to transmission (e.g., Rx-Tx of the signal by UE 104), and / or downlink (DL)-positioning reference signal (PRS)-reference signal received power (RSRP) of (multiple) downlink signals received from one or more transmission reception points (TRPs) (which may be measured by UE 104), and / or BS (e.g., gNB or wireless communication node) Rx-Tx time difference measurement, and / or uplink (UL)-sounding reference signal (SRS)-RSRP of uplink signals transmitted / sent / transmitted / provided from UE 104 (e.g., and other UEs 104) at one or more TRPs. In addition, in some systems, standards, or based on the specification, various time-based techniques may be introduced to perform ranging and positioning. For example, the time-based techniques may include at least one of single-sided two-way ranging (SS-TWR), dual-sided two-way ranging (DS-TWR), and / or one-way ranging (OWR) or time difference of arrival (TDOA), etc. The arrangement, configuration, or implementation of the two-way ranging techniques / processes may be similar to RTT. In some arrangements, DS-TWR may be an extension of SS-TWR, where two round-trip time measurements may be used and / or combined to provide / give / indicate a time of flight (TOF) result with reduced error (e.g., clock offset error), such as in the presence of uncorrected / unadjusted clock frequency offset (e.g., even for relatively long or extended response delays).

[0063] As discussed herein, a UE 104 may correspond to, be associated with, or be part of a vehicle (e.g., a vehicle UE), a mobile UE, a roadside unit (RSU), a positioning reference unit (PRU), and / or any other type of UE 104 that supports V2X services, sidelink communications, and / or Uu communications. A UE 104 may or may not have a known location / positioning (e.g., an identified or unidentified location). A target UE may refer to or correspond to a UE 104 to be located or to determine a location. An anchor UE may correspond to a UE 104 that supports / assists in the positioning of a target UE. TOF may refer to or indicate the propagation time of a signal transmitted between two network nodes. For example, multiplying the TOF by the speed of light may yield the distance between the two network nodes.

[0064] In various arrangements, dual-sided RTT (DS-RTT) for positioning based on Uu, SL and / or joint Uu and SL RTT may be introduced / provided to improve positioning performance or accuracy. Figure 3, depicting an example 300 of RTT between a first network node and a second network node. As shown, for RTT-based positioning, the first network node and / or the second network node may be a UE 104 and / or a BS 102 / TRP. For example, in a certain RTT, the first network node may transmit / transmit / send a signal / message (e.g., a first signal or a first message, etc.) to the second network node (302). In this case, the TOF may represent the propagation time of the signal from the transmission instance of the first network node to the reception instance of the second network node. After receiving the signal from the first network node, the second network node may send a signal (e.g., a second signal or a response message, etc.) to the first network node (304). The derivation of error comparisons (e.g., for clock offset errors, etc.) for various types of RTT (e.g., one-sided or two-sided RTT) may include at least the following formulas:

[0065]

[0066] e node1 and e node2 The deviation of the respective first network node and the second network node (e.g., gNB 102 / TRP and / or UE 104) from a nominal frequency (e.g., specified in a specification or configuration of the network node(s)) may be represented / indicated. The frequency deviation from the nominal may result in (e.g., cause) a clock drift / offset, which may be expressed in parts per million (ppm). In some implementations, in conjunction with Figure 3 The RTT may represent a single-sided (SS) RTT.

[0067] refer to Figure 4 , depicts an example 400 of a double-sided RTT (DS-RTT) between a first network node and a second network node. In some arrangements, the operation / process of DS-RTT may include three messages / signals transmitted between network nodes. For example, the first network node may send a first message to the second network node (402). The second network node may send a second message to the first network node in response to receiving the first message or after receiving the first message (404). The second message may be an acknowledgement / response to the first message. After receiving the second message, the first message may send a third message (e.g., a second response / acknowledgement) to the second network node (406). The formulas involved in the DS-RTT operation may include at least:

[0068]

[0069]

[0070] As shown in the above formula, the error in RTT (for example, combined with Figure 3 ) can be combined with Treply proportional / relative (e.g., in milliseconds), and the error in DS-RTT (e.g., combined with Figure 4 ) can be used with The error formulas for RTT (e.g., SS-RTT) and DS-RTT may be constructed / provided as follows:

[0071]

[0072] Therefore, by introducing DS-RTT, the system and method of the present technical solution can improve / enhance / increase the positioning accuracy of various network nodes (eg, UE, etc.).

[0073] Arrangement 1: SL RTT

[0074] refer to Figure 5 , depicts an example 500SL-PRS between a target UE (e.g., UE 502) and multiple anchor UEs (e.g., UEs 504A-N, sometimes generally referred to as (multiple) UEs 504). In various implementations, a first network node (e.g., sometimes referred to as Node 1) and a second network node (e.g., sometimes referred to as Node 2) may be UEs 104. At least one of the network nodes may correspond to the target UE 502, and at least one other network node may correspond to the anchor UE 504. The SL multi-RTT (e.g., SL one-sided multi-RTT) positioning method may include using UE Rx-Tx time difference measurements and / or SL-PRS-RSRP and / or SL-PRS reference signal received path power (RSRPP) of SL signals measured by the target UE 502 and received from one or more anchor UEs 504, and / or UE Rx-Tx time difference measurements and / or SL-SRS-RSRP and / or SL-PRS-RSRPP of SL signals transmitted / sent from the target UE 502 measured at multiple anchor UEs 504. As shown, the target UE 502 and one or more anchor UEs 504 may transmit SL-PRS (506A-N) between each other. The position of the UE 104 (e.g., the target UE 502) may be determined / estimated / identified based on measurements made / performed at the target UE 502 and / or one or more anchor UEs 504. SL DS multi-RTT (e.g., DS-RTT) positioning can be an extension / addition of the SL multi-RTT (e.g., SS-RTT) positioning method. For example, in SL DS-RTT, two (or more) round trip measurements can be utilized and combined to obtain / determine (multiple) distances between UEs 104.

[0075] For SL RTT (e.g., one-sided / unidirectional RTT and / or two-sided / bidirectional RTT), location management function (LMF)-based and / or UE-based positioning may be supported. For example, LMF-based RTT may include or be a positioning method / process, and UE-based RTT may also be another positioning method. In LMF-based RTT, UE 104 may provide measurements (e.g., included in at least one message or signal) to the LMF. The LMF may receive measurements from the UE 104 to perform positioning determination / calculation / estimation. In UE-based RTT, a target UE (e.g., target UE 502) may determine or calculate its position, and / or another UE (e.g., at least one anchor UE 504) may determine the position of the target UE. In some aspects, if the target UE does not have the capability / support to perform positioning calculations, RTT measurements (e.g., first measurements, second measurements, etc.) may be collected from (multiple) interactions between the target UE and at least one other UE capable of performing positioning calculations.

[0076] For specific SL RTTs, such as in-coverage and partial coverage scenarios / configurations, the network may participate in SL-PRS configuration, assisting data transmission and / or position calculation, etc. Figure 6 , depicts a flow diagram of an example method 600 for transmitting information from an LMF to a UE 104. As shown, information may be transmitted / transmitted between network elements or network nodes, such as between an LMF and a UE 104. For example, the LMF may send at least one of a UE capability request (602), assistance data (604), and / or a measurement result request (606) to the UE 104.

[0077] For UE capability request, the LMF may request capabilities of UE 104, such as the ability to support SL multi-RTT, and / or request (multiple) SL multi-RTT positioning capabilities from UE 104.

[0078] The assistance data may include or contain at least one of the following: one or more SL-PRS transmission parameters of at least one UE 104 (e.g., a target UE and / or (multiple) anchor UEs), (multiple) identifiers (IDs) of one or more other UEs 104 (e.g., a target UE or (multiple) anchor UEs), SL-PRS resource set ID, SL-PRS resource ID, a time offset of direct frame number (DFN) #0 / system frame number (SFN) #0 time slot #0 of UE 104 relative to DFN #0 / SFN #0 time slot #0 of a reference UE and / or target UE, an expected SL-PRS reference signal time difference (RSTD), an expected SL-PRS RSTD uncertainty, an expected SL-PRS relative time of arrival (RTOA), an expected SL-PRS RTOA uncertainty, an expected SL-PRS Rx-Tx time difference, an expected SL-PRS Rx-Tx time difference uncertainty, SL-PRS configuration (e.g., which may include target UE and / or (multiple) anchor UEs), subcarrier spacing of SL-PRS resources, number of PRBs allocated for SL-PRS resources, start of PRB index, SL-PRS comb size (e.g., resource unit spacing in each symbol of SL-PRS resources), SL-PRS AGC symbols and / or gap symbols, cyclic prefix length of SL-PRS resources, expected antenna on display (AoD) and / or angle of arrival (AoA) (e.g., in some cases, together with uncertainties), SL RTT (e.g., SS-RTT) error description / message / cause, a set of available SL-PRS configurations (e.g., which may be requested on demand by UE 104), specifying the network area where assistance data is valid, response time, positioning accuracy, horizontal accuracy, vertical accuracy, timing quality, and / or synchronization reference related information, etc. (Multiple) SL-PRS transmission parameters may include at least one of the following: a range of SL-PRS modulation and coding scheme (MCS) values, a range of the number of SL-PRS subchannels, a maximum number of SL-PRS (re)transmissions, SL-PRS MaxTxPower, SL-PRS CRlimit, SL-PRS period, SL-PRS repetition factor, the number of SL-PRS symbols in a time slot, and / or an SL-PRS silent mode, etc.

[0079] The measurement result request may include at least one of the following: requesting SL-PRS resource information (e.g., for determining SL SS-RTT Rx-Tx time difference), requesting measurement (e.g., SL-PRS RSRP, first path SL-PRS RSRP, SL-PRSRSRPP, SL-PRS RSTD and / or SL-PRS RTOA, etc.), whether UE 104 is allowed to request additional SL-PRS assistance data, SLRTT Rx-Tx time difference reporting granularity, additional paths, per UE 104, the maximum Rx-Tx time difference number of SL-PRS resources, the RxTx timing error group (TEG) request, the requested number of SL-PRS processing samples, the type and / or granularity of the requested line-of-sight (LOS)-non-line-of-sight (NLOS) indicator, multiple measurement instances in a single measurement report, a lower Rx beam scanning factor, measuring the same SL-PRS resources with different RxTxTEGs, measuring the same SL-PRS resources with different RxTEGs, and / or the time domain behavior of the measurement report (e.g., single, triggered, non-periodic, semi-persistent, periodic, etc.), etc.

[0080] In some implementations, the UE 104 may provide or be requested (e.g., by the LMF) to provide information about / related to additional paths associated with measurements associated with SL positioning, such as in the form of relative time differences and / or quality values. The relative time difference may refer to the detected path timing relative to a reference resource or an additional detected path timing associated with the path timing.

[0081] In various aspects, the TEG may include a Tx timing error, corresponding to the Tx timing error, or associated with the Tx timing error. The Tx timing error may be the result of a Tx time delay in, during, or associated with a signal transmission. The Tx timing error may be an uncalibrated Tx time delay, or a residual delay after calibration and / or compensation of the Tx time delay within the TRP and / or UE, such as that involved in the transmission of DL-PRS and / or (multiple) UL SRS signals. Calibration / compensation / adjustment may also include calibration of relative time delays between different RF chains in the same TRP and / or UE. In some cases, the calibration may take into account or take into account the offset of the center of the Tx antenna phase to the center of the physical antenna.

[0082] In some implementations, the TEG may include or correspond to at least one of the following: a UE Rx TEG, a UE RxTx TEG, and / or a UE Tx TEG. The UE Rx TEG may include an Rx timing error, which may be associated with a UE reporting of one or more DL measurements (e.g., RSTD) within a certain tolerance / range / frame. The UE RxTx TEG may include an Rx timing error and a Tx timing error. These timing errors may be associated with a UE reporting of one or more UE Rx-Tx time difference measurements (e.g., 'Rx timing error + Tx timing error' difference) within a certain tolerance. The UE Tx TEG may include a Tx timing error. The Tx timing error may be associated with a UE transmission on one or more UL SRS resources for positioning purposes within a certain tolerance.

[0083] In some arrangements, a TEG may be defined for a TRP or associated with a TRP. A TRP may include a set of geographically co-located antennas (e.g., an antenna array having one or more antenna elements) that support TP and / or RP functionality, or a set of geographically co-located antennas that support TP and / or RP functionality. For example, a TEG defined for a TRP may include at least one of a TRP RxTEG, a TRP RxTx TEG, and / or a TRP Tx TEG. The TRP Rx TEG may include an Rx timing error associated with a TRP report of one or more UL measurements within a certain tolerance. The TRP RxTx TEG may include an Rx timing error and a Tx timing error associated with a TRP report of one or more BS / gNB Rx-Tx time difference measurements (e.g., 'Rx timing error + Tx timing error' difference) within a certain tolerance. The TRP Tx TEG may include a Tx timing error associated with a TRP transmission on one or more DL-PRS resources within a certain tolerance.

[0084] refer to Figure 7 , depicts a flow chart of an example method 700 for transmitting information from a UE 104 to a LMF. As shown, the UE 104 may transmit / send / provide a UE capability report (702), an assistance data request (704), and / or a measurement result report (706) to the LMF. The information transmitted between the UE 104 and the LMF (e.g., between other network nodes) may be included / contained in at least one message or as part of at least one information.

[0085] The assistance data request may include at least one of the following: a physical cell ID of the UE 104, an on-demand SL-PRS requested for SL RTT (e.g., SS-RTT), desired AoA information, desired AoD information, and / or request for pre-configured assistance data with area validity, etc. The measurement result report may include or correspond to at least one of the following: cell information, SL-PRS resource information, SL-PRS RSRP, SL-PRS RSRPP, Rx-Tx time difference, timestamp, timing quality, TEG information, association between TEG and SL-PRS resources, association between TEG and measurement, and / or additional measurement, etc. The measurement result report may correspond to single, triggered, aperiodic, semi-persistent, and / or periodic.

[0086] In some implementations, the Rx-Tx time difference of the UE SL RTT may be defined or expressed as T UE-RX -T UE-TX . T UE-RX T may correspond to or indicate the timing of the SL subframe #i received by the UE from the transmission point (TP), which is defined by the first detected path in time. UE-TX The UE transmit timing may correspond to the sidelink subframe #j that is closest in time to the subframe #i received from the TP.

[0087] In various aspects, the SL SS-RTT measurement timestamp may indicate the time / period when the SL-PRS measurement is performed. The SL SS-RTT timestamp field may include at least one of the following information: a direct frame number (DFN), a slot number within a DFN, a SFN, a slot number within a SFN, a subframe number within a frame, a slot number within a frame (e.g., related to a subcarrier spacing (SCS)), a symbol number within a slot, a specific / exact time position within a symbol, and / or a current coordinated universal time (UTC) time obtained from a global navigation satellite system (GNSS), etc. If the synchronization source is a BS 102 (e.g., a gNB), at least one of the following information may be added to the SL RTT timestamp field: an ID of a TRP for which the SFN is applicable for SL-PRS transmission, a physical cell ID, a global cell ID, and / or an absolute radio frequency channel number (ARFCN) of the TRP.

[0088] In some arrangements, the SL-PRS reference signal received power (RSRP) may represent a linear average of the power contributions (e.g., in [W] or Watts) of resource elements carrying SL-PRS reference signals configured for RSRP measurement within a predetermined / considered measurement frequency bandwidth in a configured measurement time occasion / occurrence. In some arrangements, the SL-PRS reference signal received path power (RSRPP) may represent a linear average of the power of the channel response at the i-th path delay of the resource elements carrying the SL-PRS signal configured for measurement. For example, the SL PRS-RSRPP for the first path delay may indicate or represent the power contribution corresponding to the first detected path in time.

[0089] In various implementations, the UE 104 may indicate / provide to the location server (e.g., LMF) its ability to support SL multi-RTT, and / or its SL multi-RTT positioning capability, such as in a UE capability report. The UE capability report may include at least one of the following information: SL-PRS resource capability (e.g., the maximum number of SL-PRS resources per UE 104), SL multi-RTT measurement capability, UE SL-PRS quasi-co-location (QCL) processing capability, SL-PRS processing capability, additional path report, periodic report, response time and its unit (e.g., seconds, milliseconds, nanoseconds, etc.), whether AoD and / or AoA are supported, on-demand SL-PRS request support, LOS / NLOS indicator support, RxTx TEG ID report support, and / or pre-configured assistance data validity support, etc. The SL multi-RTT measurement capability may include, for example, at least one of the following: a maximum number of UE Rx-Tx time difference measurements corresponding to a single SL-PRS resource / resource set for positioning (where each measurement corresponds to a single SL-PRS resource / resource set on frequency range 1 (FR1) and / or FR2), whether the UE 104 supports RSRP and / or RSRPP measurements for SL multi-RTT on FR1 and / or FR2, UE TEG capabilities, whether the UE supports SL-PRS measurements in the RRC-INACTIVE state, etc. The SL-PRS processing capability may include, for example, at least one of the following: a maximum number of SL-PRS bandwidths, a SL-PRS buffer type, a SL-PRS processing window, a maximum number of SL-PRS resources that the UE 104 can process in a time slot, a measurement instance, a processing sample M, a duration N (in milliseconds) of a SL-PRS symbol that the UE 104 can process per Tms, and / or the above processing capabilities in the RRC_INACTIVE state, an Rx beam scanning factor (e.g., if FR2 is supported for SL positioning), etc.

[0090] refer to Figure 8, depicts a flow chart of an example method 800 for transmitting information from a BS 102 (e.g., a gNB) to a LMF. As shown, the BS 102 may send / transmit / provide assistance data / SL-PRS configuration data (e.g., in a message) to the LMF (802). The assistance data / SL-PRS configuration data may include at least one of a SL-PRS configuration, a SL-PRS transmission characteristic, and / or its corresponding or associated UE information, etc. The SL-PRS configuration or transmission characteristic may include at least one of the following: a period, a resource bandwidth, a repetition factor, a SL-PRS muting mode, a SL-PPS comb size, a number of SL resource symbols, QCL information, and / or a start / end time of SL-PRS transmission, etc.

[0091] refer to Fig. 9 , depicts a flow diagram of an example method 900 for transmitting information from an LMF to a BS 102. For example, the LMF may transmit / transmit / send a SL-PRS transmission characteristics request (902) and / or a SL positioning activation / deactivation request (904) to the BS 102. For example, the SL-PRS transmission characteristics request may be a request for SL-PRS transmission characteristics information including one or more of the above information. The SL positioning activation / deactivation request may correspond to a message sent by the LMF to the BS 102 (e.g., a gNB) or a portion of the message. The SL positioning activation / deactivation request may include information that causes the BS 102 (e.g., or at least one other network node) to activate / trigger / enable, or deactivate / deactivate SL-PRS transmission of the UE 104. The BS 102 and / or the LMF may correspond to respective ones of the network nodes.

[0092] refer to Fig.10 , depicts a flow chart of an example method 1000 for communication between UEs 104. For example, the communication may be between a first UE and a second UE (and other UEs 104). In certain out-of-coverage scenarios, the network (e.g., BS 102, LMF, etc.) may not participate in the SL positioning procedure / process. In this case, the UE 104 may transmit / transmit information to one or more other UEs 104. The information between the UEs 104 may include at least one of the following: a location request (1002), a SL positioning activation / deactivation request (1004), a UE capability transmission (1006), an auxiliary data transmission (1008), and / or a measurement result transmission / report (1010), etc.

[0093] Arrangement 2: SL DS-RTT structure signaling process

[0094] In various arrangements, various DS-RTT structures and / or extensions (e.g., MS-RTT) may be introduced for SL positioning, such as DS-RTT with four messages, DS-RTT with three messages, asymmetric DS-RTT (ADS-RTT) with three messages, and / or MS-RTT, etc. The type of multi-RTT (e.g., including at least one of the following: SS-RTT, DS-RTT with four messages, DS-RTT with three messages, ADS-RTT, and / or MS-RTT) may be configured or requested by the LMF via the LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP) and / or by the UE 104 via PC5-RRC, PC5-S and / or SL-LPP (e.g., SL-LMF layer, etc.) and other high-layer signaling. For example, the UE 104 may report DS-RTT-related capabilities to the LMF via LPP signaling. The LMF may request capability information of the UE 104 for DS-RTT.

[0095] In some implementations, if the network is not available and / or if a UE-based DS-RTT is determined, the UE 104 may report / provide / transmit its capabilities to at least one other UE 104, or transmit a request for capabilities of at least one other UE 104 (e.g., in conjunction with a UE-based DS-RTT), via at least one of PC5-RRC signaling, PC5-S signaling, and / or SL-LPP at a new layer SL-LMF dedicated / configured for SL positioning. Fig.10 ACT 1006). The capability transmission may be unicast (eg, transmitted to another UE 104) and / or multicast and / or broadcast signaling (eg, transmitted to a group of UEs 104).

[0096] The UE capability report may include at least one of the following information: whether the UE 104 supports SL multi-RTT and provides its SL multi-RTT positioning capability, whether the UE 104 supports DS-RTT and / or which type of DS-RTT is supported (e.g., DS-RTT with three messages, DS-RTT with four messages, ADS-RTT, etc.), SL-PRS resource capability (e.g., the maximum number of SL-PRS per UE), SL multi-RTT measurement capability (e.g., at least one of the following: the maximum number of UE Rx-Tx time difference measurements corresponding to a single SL-PRS resource / resource set used for positioning (where each measurement corresponds to a single SL-PRS resource / resource set on FR1 and / or FR2), whether the UE supports RSRP and / or RSRPP measurement of sidelink multi-RTT on FR1 and / or FR2, UE TEG capability, whether the UE supports SL-PRS measurement in RRC-INACTIVE state, etc.), UE SL-PRS QCL processing capability, SL-PRS processing capability (e.g., maximum SL-PRS bandwidth number, SL-PRS buffer type, SL-PRS processing window, maximum number of SL-PRS resources that a UE can process in a timeslot, measurement instance, processing sample M, duration N (in milliseconds (ms)) of SL-PRS symbols that a UE can process per T ms, the above processing capability in RRC_INACTIVE state, and / or Rx beam scanning factor (such as if SL positioning supports FR2, etc.)), additional path reporting, periodic reporting, response time, whether the UE supports AoD and / or AoA, on-demand SL-PRS request support, LOS / NLOS indicator support, RxTx TEG ID reporting support, pre-configured assistance data validity support, and / or support for measurement based on measuring M samples of each DS-RTT, etc.

[0097] In various implementations, control information for indicating configuration / triggering / activation / deactivation of the first and / or second Tx to Rx round trips of DS-RTT may be provided / configured. In some cases, for example, the control information may be carried / contained / included in high-layer signaling, low-layer signaling, and / or both high-layer signaling and low-layer signaling. In some cases, the control information may be carried in each SL-PRS transmission, and / or may be used at the beginning of the first Tx to Rx round trip and / or at the end of the second Tx to Rx round trip. The signaling (e.g., high-layer signaling and / or low-layer signaling) may be at least one of the following:

[0098] • Higher layer signaling can be received from the LMF via LPP.

[0099] • Higher layer signaling may be received from BS 102 via RRC.

[0100] • Higher layer signaling may be received from at least one UE 104 via PC5-RRC signaling, PC5-S signaling, application layer, and / or a new layer dedicated to SL positioning (such as SL-LMF via SL-LPP).

[0101] • Low layer signaling may be received from BS 102 via downlink control information (DCI).

[0102] • Low layer signaling may be received from the UE 104 via SL MAC-CE and / or Sidelink Control Information (SCI).

[0103] In some cases, if high-layer signaling and low-layer signaling are involved in the configuration / triggering / activation / deactivation of DS-RTT, the high-layer signaling may be used for SL-PRS configuration and / or coordination of the corresponding configuration / capability of UE 104 in DS-RTT, and the low-layer signaling may be used to initiate / activate / deactivate the first and / or second Tx to Rx round trip, and / or potential resource indication / reservation of the SL-PRS.

[0104] In various aspects, the content of the control information (e.g., (multiple) first and / or second Tx-Rx round trip indicators) may be used for DS-RTT. The control information may indicate or include at least one of the following:

[0105] One or more bits.

[0106] • The control information may include an indication of whether it is a first or second Tx to Rx round trip (eg, used to determine at least one of a first round trip or a second round trip).

[0107] The control information may represent or indicate whether an RTT measurement (eg, at least one of the first measurement, the second measurement, etc.) is required or provided for feedback.

[0108] · ID of each DS-RTT procedure / process (e.g., at least one of the first and / or second measurements, etc.). For example, there may be multiple DS-RTT measurements between the target UE and at least one anchor UE. The ID may be used to distinguish at least one specific DS-RTT. An example of control information for DS-RTT may be shown in Table 1 below:

[0109]

[0110] Table 1

[0111] refer to Fig.11, depicts an example 1100 of DS-RTT with four messages and two different initiators (e.g., a first UE and a second UE). The first UE (e.g., UE 1) may represent a first network node, and the second UE (e.g., UE 2) may represent a second network node. The first UE may initiate a first round trip (e.g., a first round trip measurement) of the DS-RTT by sending SL-PRS 1 (1102). The second UE may respond / acknowledge / transmit with SL-PRS 2 after the transmission of SL-PRS 1 (1104). After the first round trip (e.g., including SL-PRS 1 and SL-PRS 2), the second UE may initiate a second round trip measurement by sending SL-PRS 3 (1106). The first UE may respond / acknowledge / transmit with SL-PRS 4 after the transmission of SL-PRS 3 (1108). Thus, the first UE and the second UE (e.g., the first network node and the second network node) may be the initiators of respective round trips of the DS-RTT.

[0112] refer to Fig.12 , depicts an example 1200 of DS-RTT with four messages and two same / similar initiators. In various implementations, the initiator of one or more round trips for the measured DS-RTT may be the same UE 104 (or another network node). In this case, a four message DS-RTT may be used. For example, a first UE may initiate a first round trip of DS-RTT by sending SL-PRS 1 (1202). Subsequently, a second UE may respond / acknowledge / transmit with SL-PRS 2 (1204). After the first round trip, the first UE may initiate a second round trip measurement by sending SL-PRS 3 (1206). Accordingly, the second UE may respond / acknowledge / transmit with SL-PRS 4 (1208).

[0113] refer to Fig.13 , depicts an example 1300 of a DS-RTT with three messages. In various arrangements, the four messages of the DS-RTT may be reduced to three messages to minimize response delays, such as by using an acknowledgement / response of a first round trip measurement (e.g., SL-PRS 2) as an initiator of a second round trip measurement. For example, a first UE may send SL-PRS 1 to initiate a first round trip (1302). A second UE may receive SL-PRS 1 and respond / acknowledge / transmit with SL-PRS 2, which is also used to initiate a second round trip (1304). Thus, after SL-PRS 2, the first UE may respond / acknowledge / transmit with SL-PRS 3 (1306).

[0114] refer to Fig.14 , depicting an example 1400 of ADS-RTT with three messages. In some implementations, in order to reduce the processing delay of DS-RTT while achieving / maintaining performance levels, ADS-RTT with three messages may be used. In this case, compared to DS-RTT with three messages (e.g., Fig.13 Compared with the example shown in FIG. 1 , the first UE may not wait to perform T after receiving SL-PRS 2. reply2 For example, after sending SL-PRS 1 to initiate a first round trip (1402), the first UE may expect the second UE to reply / send with SL-PRS 2 (1404). The first UE may be configured to anticipate SL-PRS 2 in advance (e.g., T reply1 ) (e.g., the first UE may determine the expected time to receive a response from the second UE after the SL-PRS 1 transmission), and reserve / keep (e.g., available and / or suitable) SL-PRS resources for transmission at t3. Thus, instead of waiting to receive T reply1 , the first UE can reply1 An acknowledgement (e.g., SL-PRS 3) is immediately transmitted at or near an expected reception time (such as t3 in this example) (1406).

[0115] refer to Fig.15 , depicts an example 1500 of MS-RTT with four SL-PRS transmissions (e.g., four messages). In various configurations, increasing the transmission time of positioning messages can reduce / minimize the impact of crystal drift. For example, when following a message delivery sequence with a DS-RTT of three messages (e.g., in conjunction with Figure 13-14 When at least one ranging message (e.g., shown as SL-PRS 4) is sent from the second UE back to the first UE, for example after SL-PRS 3, a total of four SL-PRS transmissions may be sent between the UEs.

[0116] For example, a first UE may send a first message to initiate a first round trip (1502). A second UE may respond / transmit with a second message to initiate a second round trip (1504). The first UE may respond / transmit with a third message to initiate a third round trip (1506). The second UE may respond / transmit with a fourth message to the first UE (1508). For example, the fourth message may or may not initiate another round trip. In some implementations, subsequent transmission(s) by at least one of the UEs (e.g., or a network node) may be performed based on or according to an expected time to receive a corresponding response (e.g., in conjunction with Fig.14 ).

[0117] In another example, if real-time or efficient RTT is not required, DS-RTT can be extended / expanded to MS-RTT by including / adding / providing / implementing at least one additional round trip. In this case, control information can be used / configured to indicate the configuration / triggering / activation / deactivation of the first to nth Tx to Rx round trips of MS-RTT, which can have 'n' Tx to Rx round trips. The control information can be carried / included in at least one of the following: high-layer signaling, low-layer signaling, or high-layer signaling and low-layer signaling. In some cases, the control information can be carried in each SL-PRS transmission and / or used at the beginning of at least one Tx to Rx round trip. The configuration of the signaling of MS-RTT can be similar to DS-RTT (or different from DS-RTT in some cases).

[0118] The content of the control information for MS-RT may include at least one of the following:

[0119] The first and second to nth Tx-to-Rx round trip indicators may indicate at least one of the following:

[0120] ○Multiple bits.

[0121] o The control information may include an indication that it corresponds to a Tx to Rx round trip (eg, which round trip it corresponds to).

[0122] • The control information may indicate whether RTT measurement(s) (eg, first measurement, second measurement, etc.) are required / needed for feedback. Whether a total of n Tx to Rx round trip measurements are reported together or one by one.

[0123] Each MS-RTT process / method may correspond to a corresponding ID. For example, there may be multiple MS-RTT measurements between a target UE and at least one anchor UE. The ID may be used to distinguish at least one specific MS-RTT.

[0124] Arrangement 3: SL DS-RTT Rx-Tx time difference

[0125] refer to Fig.16, depicting an example 1600 of SL DS-RTT. As shown, if the UE Rx-Tx time difference of SL DS-RTT is calculated as the difference between the reception timing and the transmission timing of the SL subframe, the transmission timing of the subframe at t0 may be similar to or correspond to the subframe at t4, and / or the reception timing of the subframe at t1 may be similar to the subframe at t5. t0, t1, t2, t3, t4 and / or t5 may represent the UE reception timing of the SL-PRS and / or the transmission timing of the SL-PRS. For example, the first UE may send SL-PRS1 at t0, and the second UE may receive the SL-PRS at t1 (1602). The second UE may send SL-PRS 2 at t2, and the first UE may receive the SL-PRS at t3 (1604). The first UE may send SL-PRS 3 at t4, and the second UE may receive the SL-PRS at t5 (1606), etc. Therefore, the following formula may be obtained / provided:

[0126] T round1 =T reply2

[0127] T reply1 =T round2

[0128]

[0129] In this case, DS-RTT and / or MS-RTT may be relatively better than SS-RTT. Therefore, instead of using the transmit / receive subframe difference, the UE Rx-Tx time difference of SL DS-RTT / MS-RTT may be configured / defined as the difference between the SL-PRS receive timing and the SL-PRS transmit timing. For example, the UE Rx-Tx time difference of SL DS-RTT / MS-RTT may be defined at multiple granularity levels (e.g., two levels). The total DS-RTT Rx-Tx time difference may be the sum of the UE Rx-Tx time difference at a high granularity level and the UE Rx-Tx time difference at a low granularity level. For example, an Rx-Tx time difference at the millisecond level (e.g., a high granularity level) may be reported together with an Rx-Tx time difference at the nanosecond level (e.g., a low granularity level).

[0130] 1. High-granularity UE Rx-Tx time difference

[0131] The UE Rx-Tx time difference at a high granularity level may provide a coarse-grained measurement result and / or an approximate propagation time. The (e.g., coarser) resolution step size (e.g., reporting resolution) of the time difference may be at least one of the following: time slot, absolute time of time slot, millisecond and / or subframe, etc. The reporting range of the UE Rx-Tx time difference at a high granularity level may be the same as the total number of time slots (e.g., N) of the SL-PRS resource pool / configuration. max ) and / or total time domain resources (e.g., T max ms) related or associated.

[0132] At least one of the following example report timing strategies may be considered / utilized:

[0133] The reporting range of UE Rx-Tx time difference at a high granularity level can be configured from -0.5*N max To 0.5*N max Slots, with a resolution step of one slot.

[0134] The reporting range of UE Rx-Tx time difference at a high granularity level can be configured from -0.5*T max To 0.5*T max ms, with a resolution step of one millisecond.

[0135] 2. UE Rx-Tx time difference at a low granularity level

[0136] A low granularity level of UE Rx-Tx time difference may provide a finer granularity measurement result (e.g., a finer resolution step size). c =1 / (Δf max ·N f ), where Δ f =480·10 3 Hz, N = 4096. The reporting range of the finer-grained results may be consistent with the subframe (e.g., 1 ms) and / or time slot (e.g., 2 -μ The resolution step of the time difference can be at least one of the following: nanoseconds, multiple nanoseconds, T c and / or multiple T c At least one of the following report timing strategies may be used:

[0137] The reporting range of the low-granularity UE Rx-Tx time difference can be defined as -0.5 to 0.5 time slots, with a resolution step selected from at least one of the following: ns, 2 k ns、T c and / or 2 k *T c wait.

[0138] The reporting range of the low-granularity UE Rx-Tx time difference can be defined as -0.5 to 0.5 ms, with a resolution step selected from one of the following: ns, 2 k ns、T c and / or 2 k *T c wait.

[0139] k may represent a timing reporting granularity factor for a finer granularity Rx-Tx time difference. (Multiple) SL DS-RTT / MS-RTT Rx-Tx time difference related parameters may include at least one of the following: a reporting range of a high granularity level Rx-Tx time difference, a resolution step of a high granularity level Rx-Tx time difference, a reporting range of a low granularity level Rx-Tx time difference, a resolution step of a low granularity level Tx-Tx time difference, a k value and / or a reporting strategy, etc. (Multiple) parameters may be configured based on / according to / using at least one of the following configurations / options:

[0140] Configured or recommended by LMF via LPP.

[0141] Configured or recommended by UE 104, such as at least one of the following:

[0142] ○ Via PC5-RRC signaling and / or PC5-S signaling

[0143] ○Through the application layer

[0144] o New layer configured / dedicated for SL positioning (e.g. SL-LMF via SL-LPP signaling)

[0145] ○Media Access Control Unit (MAC CE).

[0146] ○ Physical layer signaling (e.g., SCI, etc.).

[0147] • In some cases, the parameter(s) may be configured based on the implementation / configuration / specification of the UE 104 (e.g., the UE 104 providing the SL DS-RTT / MS-RTT Rx-Tx time difference in the measurement report), so that the UE 104 may perform the configuration of the parameter(s).

[0148] In some arrangements, if the LMF and / or one or more other UEs 104 (e.g., anchor UE(s)) configure or recommend k for a UE 104 (e.g., a target UE) using a parameter (e.g., timingReportinglowGranularityFactor), the UE 104 may apply at least one of the following parameters:

[0149] ·k>=timingReportinglowGranularityFactor;

[0150] ·k>timingReportinglowGranularityFactor;

[0151] ·k=timingReportinglowGranularityFactor;

[0152] ·k<=timingReportinglowGranularityFactor; and / or

[0153] ·k <timingReportinglowGranularityFactor。

[0154] Additionally or alternatively, the UE may be configured / able to obtain the SL-PRS transmission mode / configuration of at least one other UE 104, such as via LMF via LPP, and / or directly via a UE-to-UE connection (e.g., PC5-RRC signaling, PC5-S signaling, application layer, a new layer dedicated to SL positioning (such as SL-LMF via SL-LPP, MAC CE and / or physical layer signaling, such as SCI). In some implementations, according to a specific SL communication specification, two (or more) communicating UEs 104 (e.g., as combined with Fig.17 ). In some cases, the UE 104 may know or understand its SL-PRS transmission mode / configuration. In this case, the slot / subframe level Rx-Tx time difference may be inferred / determined / identified based on the SL-PRS transmission slot time / slot index / timing of the target UE and / or (multiple) anchor UEs.

[0155] refer to Fig.17 , depicts an example time slot 1700 for communication between two UEs 104. For example, in some arrangements, UE 104 (e.g., UE 1 and / or UE 2) may transmit / send / provide SL-PRS at a time slot boundary. As shown, the first UE may transmit each SL-PRS with a period of four time slots in time slots #0 (1702), #4 (1706), #8 (1710), and / or #12 (1714). In addition, the second UE may transmit each SL-PRS with a period of five time slots in time slots #1 (1704), #6 (1708), #11 (1712), and / or #16 (not shown), etc. In this case, there may be (multiple) synchronization errors between the first UE and the second UE.

[0156] refer to Fig.18 , depicting an example 1800 of triggering a preferred response time. In some implementations, communication of a preferred response time used by each UE 104 may occur / be performed or be established before / before a DS-RTT / MS-RTT procedure / method / process. The information (e.g., in the communication) may include / contain at least one of the following: a preferred response time for each UE 104 (e.g., at least one or more potential response times, wherein the response time(s) of one UE 104 may be different from that of another UE 104), a time domain location of the SL-PRS transmission (e.g., including at least one of the SFN / DFN number, the time slot number of the DFN / SFN, and / or the symbol number of the time slot, etc.), a range of SL-PRS MCS values, a range of the number of SL-PRS subchannels, a maximum number of SL-PRS (re)transmissions, SL-PRS MaxTxPower, SL-PRS CR limit , SL-PRS period, SL-PRS repetition factor, the number of SL-PRS symbols in a time slot and / or SL-PRS silent mode, etc.

[0157] In various implementations, the exchange / communication of preferred response times between UEs 104 may be triggered by at least one of UE 104 (e.g., UE 1804 and / or UE 1806) and / or network 1802 (e.g., BS 102 and / or LMF). If the preferred response time exchange process between UEs 104 is triggered by at least one UE (e.g., one of UEs 1804, 1806), the triggered signaling may be PC5-S signaling, PC5-RRC signaling, SL LPP (e.g., a new layer SL-LMF for SL positioning), MAC layer and / or physical layer (e.g., included in SL control signaling SCI), and / or may be reported / requested as auxiliary data (e.g., a part thereof). If the preferred response time exchange process between UEs 104 is triggered by LMF, the triggered signaling may be LPP or other suitable signaling. In the case where BS 102 triggers the exchange between UEs 104, BS 102 may use at least one of a DCI and / or a MAC CE to trigger the preferred response time exchange.

[0158] In some cases, the preferred response time(s) of two communicating UEs 104 may be sent / forwarded / directed to the UE(s) 104 from the network 1802. For example, if the LMF provides this information, LPP signaling may be used. If the BS 102 provides this information, RRC and / or DCI signaling may be used. In some aspects, the preferred response time(s) may be initially / first sent from the BS 102 to the LMF via New Radio Positioning Protocol A (NRPPa) signaling. Subsequently, the LMF may provide this information to at least one of the UEs 104. The preferred response time(s) may be transmitted together with and / or as part of the auxiliary data. In some implementations, when the preferred response time(s) are obtained / known / identified between the UEs 104, the receiver UE may be configured to turn on / activate at a suitable / appropriate time when a response is desired, thereby improving power saving. In some cases, by knowing the preferred response time(s), the corresponding UE(s) 104 can arrange their transmission resource reservations and / or reception resource times according to the preferred response time(s).

[0159] Arrangement 4: SL DS-RTT / MS-RTT measurement report structure, timestamps and timing delays

[0160] In various arrangements, there may be (e.g., at least two) differences between the measurement reports of DS-RTT / MS-RTT and SS-RTT. For example, in DS-RTT / MS-RTT, at least one UE 104 may report two or more Rx-Tx time differences and / or other measurements for one DS-RTT / MS-RTT. The two or more Rx-Tx time differences may satisfy / comply with a specific timing relationship. In another example, in at least one SL DS-RTT / MS-RTT process (e.g., UE 1 and UE 2 participate in the DS-RTT / MS-RTT process and communicate by sending / receiving SL-PRS), UE 1 and UE 2 may share the same / similar DS-RTT / MS-RTT ID. UE 1 and / or UE 2 may help / assist a computing entity (e.g., UE 104 and / or LMF and / or BS 102 that performs measurements or processes information) to uniquely identify (multiple) measurement reports from different UEs 104 in at least one DS-RTT / MS-RTT process. The measurement report(s) from one or more other UEs 104 during at least one DS-RTT / MS-RTT process may satisfy a specific timing relationship.

[0161] (Multiple) SL-PRS Processed Samples

[0162] In some arrangements, a UE 104 (e.g., a first UE or a second UE, etc.) may report its capabilities regarding a minimum / maximum number of SL-PRS processing samples (e.g., UE Rx-Tx time difference measurement samples) to at least one of an LMF, a BS 102 (e.g., a gNB), and / or other UEs 104 (e.g., via a MAC CE, a PC5-RRC, a PC5-S, a new higher layer dedicated to SL positioning (such as an SL-LMF), and / or an application layer, etc.). The UE 104 may request (e.g., send a request) a number of SL-PRS processing samples (e.g., UE Rx-Tx time difference measurement samples). The measurement report may include / indicate at least a sample ID. The sample ID may be included as part of a DS-RTT / MS-RTT ID. For each Rx-Tx measurement report of two or more Rx-Tx measurement reports of a UE 104 in a DS-RTT / MS-RTT, a pair or more of the reports may share / include a similar or identical sample ID.

[0163] In some cases, when involving the same or one DS-RTT / MS-RTT process, if the various processed samples for multiple UEs 104 are the same / similar, the processed samples may share the same sample ID in the measurement report. In some other cases, the processed samples of multiple UEs 104 (e.g., participating in the same DS-RTT / MS-RTT process) may be different and / or include different sample IDs.

[0164] For SL DS-RTT and / or MS-RTT, the measurement result report may include or correspond to at least one of the following:

[0165] • A DS-RTT and / or MS-RTT ID shared by at least two UEs 104. There may be multiple DS-RTT / MS-RTT measurements between UEs 104. An ID may be shared by two UEs 104, which may participate in one DS-RTT / MS-RTT procedure / process.

[0166] Sample ID.

[0167] The measurement list can be at least one of the following:

[0168] ○ The measurement list may include / contain N DS-RTT / MS-RTT measurement pairs / groups, where each DS-RTT / MS-RTT measurement pair / group may consist of / include multiple measurement elements. In this case, each measurement element may correspond to one Rx-Tx round trip.

[0169] ○ The measurement list may contain N DS-RTT / MS-RTT measurements, where each DS-RTT / MS-RTT measurement may consist of multiple measurement subsets. In this case, each measurement subset may correspond to one Rx-Tx round trip.

[0170] o The measurement list may contain N DS-RTT / MS-RTT measurements, where each DS-RTT / MS-RTT measurement may consist of multiple Rx-Tx time differences and / or some other measurements (eg, as additional measurements).

[0171] o For measurement reporting of at least one UE 104, N may represent the total / maximum number of anchor / assistant / neighbor / peer UEs for DS-RTT / MS-RTT.

[0172] Pair / group ID, measurement subset ID, and / or other IDs to uniquely identify certain (or whether) measurements of at least one UE 104 are configured to be packaged / grouped together for DS-RTT / MS-RTT. For example, in DS-RTT with three messages, UE 104 round1 and T reply2 Including / along with its related measurements can be reported together (e.g., grouped / paired), and / or UE 2T round2 and T reply1 It can be reported together with its related measurements.

[0173] o The ID may be at least 1 bit to indicate whether the measurement(s) are part of a group.

[0174] o The maximum number of bits of the ID may be configured / predetermined / defined by the LMF, and / or higher layers of the UE 104 (e.g., at least one of PC5-RRC, PC5-S, application layer, and / or SL-LMF via SL-LPP signaling). The ID may be used to indicate to which group / pair / subset the corresponding measurement belongs / is assigned.

[0175] UE ID, a UE 104 can report the ID information of another UE 104 with which it interacts / transmits during / within the RTT process.

[0176] • The timing advance (TA) offset used by the UE 104.

[0177] • Synchronization reference source for UE 104.

[0178] SL-PRS-TxTEG (e.g., SL-PRS resource(s) associated with a particular UE Tx TEG), which may contain a timestamp that specifies the end time and / or start time of the SL-PRS-TxTEG element and / or the ID of the UE TxTEG. Examples of the end time and / or start time may be provided in Table 2:

[0179]

[0180]

[0181] Table 2

[0182] SL-PRS resource information (e.g., may be an ID that uniquely identifies a SL-PRS resource associated with at least one anchor / assistant / neighboring / peer UE 104).

[0183] • Cell information, physical cell ID, global cell ID and / or ARFCN.

[0184] UE Rx-Tx time difference measurement.

[0185] Additional path timing values.

[0186] · List of additional paths.

[0187] • A timestamp, such as described or defined herein.

[0188] A timestamp shared by the measurement group / element / subset. This timestamp can be defined as a reference timestamp or the start time of the DS-RTT / MS-RTT process.

[0189] • Timing quality (eg, determination / estimation of measurement quality by UE 104).

[0190] SL-PRS RSRP results.

[0191] TEG information, one or more of the following: UE RxTx TEG ID, UE Tx TEG ID and / or UE RxTEG ID, etc.

[0192] SL-PRS RSRPP.

[0193] LOS / NLOS indicator.

[0194] Additional measurements, such as at least one of the following:

[0195] ○Up to the maximum number of additional measurements.

[0196] ○ Each additional measurement may include at least one of the following: cell information, SL-PRS resource information, additional SL-PRS RSRP, additional SL-PRSRSRPP, (multiple) additional UE Rx-Tx time difference, timestamp, timing quality, TEG information, association between TEG and SL-PRS resources, and / or association between TEG and measurement, etc.

[0197] o The additional UE Rx-Tx time difference in the additional measurement may correspond to or be relative to the absolute value or result of the UE Rx-Tx time difference, such as described above.

[0198] o The additional SL-PRS RSRP may be an absolute value or a result relative to the SL-PRS RSRP, such as described previously.

[0199] o The additional SL-PRS RSRPP can be an absolute value or a result relative to the SL-PRS RSRPP, such as described previously.

[0200] For DS-RTT / MS-RTT, at least one UE 104 may be configured to send several SL-PRS resources and / or receive several SL-PRS resources. For one DS-RTT / MS-RTT process, the several SL-PRS resources used for transmission may be repetitions / multiples of (e.g., the same) SL-PRS repetitions, or may be different SL-PRS resources. In some cases, the SL-PRS resources used for one DS-RTT / MS-RTT process may conform to or be subject to UE capabilities and / or up to a maximum number of UE Rx-Tx time difference measurements corresponding to a single configured SL-PRS resource.

[0201] Can be combined Figure 19-21 An example of a SL DS-RTT or MS-RTT measurement report structure is provided / shown. Fig.19 A flow chart of an example measurement group / pair including multiple measurements is shown 1900. In this case, multiple measurements in at least one measurement group / pair may share one or more (e.g., common) parameters and / or at least one measurement group / pair may have / include one or more dedicated parameters (e.g., different from at least one other group / pair). Fig. 20A flowchart 2000 of an example measurement subset including multiple measurements is shown. In this case, multiple measurement subsets in at least one measurement may share (multiple) common parameters and / or at least one measurement subset may have (multiple) dedicated parameters (e.g., different from at least one other subset). For example, the measurement list may include / contain N (e.g., a certain number) of DS-RTT / MS-RTT measurements. Each DS-RTT / MS-RTT measurement may include / consist of multiple measurement subsets. Each measurement subset may correspond to at least one Rx-Tx round trip. Fig.19 Some features of Fig. 20 certain characteristics of .

[0202] For example, refer to Fig.19 , UE 104 may report measurement information (e.g., a measurement result report or NR SL multi-RTT signal measurement information) to another UE 104 (1902). The measurement result report may include at least a measurement list (e.g., an NR SL multi-RTT measurement list) (1904). In this case, the measurement list may include a certain number of DS-RTT / MS-RTT measurement pairs / groups (e.g., as described in conjunction with the above list of measurement lists) (1906). In some cases, measurements of one or more groups / pairs may share one or more common parameters (1908). The (multiple) parameters may include at least one of the following: (multiple) timestamps, SL-PRS information, and other parameters described above (1910). In some other cases, the measurements of the group / pair may include or have (multiple) dedicated / corresponding parameters (e.g., not shared with at least one other measurement or at least one other group) (1912). In this case, the parameter(s) may include at least one of: SL-PRS information, RxTx time difference, timestamp(s), timing quality, TEG, path(s), additional measurement(s), and other parameters mentioned above (1914).

[0203] In another example, reference Fig. 20, UE 104 may report measurement information (2002) including at least one measurement list (2004), such as similar to ACT 1902 and ACT 1904. In this case, the measurement list may include a number of DS-RTT / MS-RTT measurements (2006), each of which may include at least one measurement subset. In some cases, the measurement subset of at least one measurement in the list may include (multiple) common parameters (2008). The (multiple) parameters may include at least one of the following: (multiple) timestamps, SL-PRS information, and other parameters described above (2010). In some other cases, the measurement subset of at least one measurement may include or have (multiple) dedicated / corresponding parameters (e.g., not shared with (multiple) other subsets) (2012). In this case, the (multiple) parameters may include at least one of the following: SL-PRS information, RxTx time difference, (multiple) timestamps, timing quality, TEG, (multiple) paths, (multiple) additional measurements, and other parameters described above (2014).

[0204] refer to Fig.21 , depicting a flowchart 2100 of an example of using at least one additional measurement to include / include / provide DS-RTT / MS-RTT measurements. One or more of actions 2102-2114 may include similar features / operations / details, such as in conjunction with at least one of actions 1902-1914 and / or actions 2002-2014 (e.g., in conjunction with Figure 19-20 ). In this case, the measurement list may include one or more additional measurements (2116). The additional measurement(s) may include at least one of: SL-PRS information, RxTx time difference (e.g., measurement(s) of timestamps), timing quality, TEG, path, etc. as described herein (2118).

[0205] In various implementations, the SL DS-RTT / MS-RTT measurement timestamp may represent / define / indicate the time at which the SL-PRS measurement is performed, or the time at which the SL-PRS measurement is performed compared to a reference timestamp. In some cases, the timestamp may be utilized / used to indicate the time at which the UE 104 transmits the SL-PRS and / or receives the SL-PRS. Similar to the SL DS-RTT / MS-RTTRx-Tx time difference, for example, the DS-RTT / MS-RTT measurement timestamp may be defined at at least two granularity levels. The total timestamp may be equal to the sum of the high granularity level timestamp and the low granularity level timestamp.

[0206] The SL DS-RTT / MS-RTT timestamp field may include at least one of the following information: DFN, timeslot number within DFN, SFN, timeslot number within SFN, subframe number within a frame, timeslot number within a frame (e.g., may be associated with an SCS), symbol number within a timeslot, specific / exact time position within a symbol (e.g., timing resolution may be nanoseconds, multi-nanoseconds, T c , Multi-T c At least one of the following information, such as the current UTC time obtained from the GNSS, etc. If the synchronization source is BS 102, at least one of the following information may be added / provided in the SL SS-RTT timestamp field: the ID of the TRP (e.g., which SFN is applicable for SL-PRS transmission), the physical cell ID, the global cell ID, the ARFCN and / or the timestamp ID of the TRP, etc.

[0207] In some implementations, there may be some specific associations between the SL-PRS transmission configuration, timestamp, and / or UE Rx-Tx time difference of SL DS-RTT / MS-RTT. For example, the following factors may be considered:

[0208] • The timestamp may follow / comply with the SL-PRS transmission configuration. If the SL-PRS transmission time of the UE 104 (eg, transmitter UE) is notified to the receiver UE, the receiver UE may infer / determine / identify the expected reception timestamp.

[0209] • Two or more UE Rx-Tx time differences may share at least one common timestamp.

[0210] o The common timestamp may be an end timestamp for a first / previous UE Rx-Tx time difference, and / or a start timestamp for a subsequent / next UE Rx-Tx time difference.

[0211] UE Rx-Tx time difference can be derived from multiple timestamps.

[0212] o The UE 104 may report several timestamps and / or several Rx-Tx time differences, such as to at least one other network node.The Rx-Tx time difference may be determined / obtained based on the difference (eg, subtraction) of two consecutive timestamps.

[0213] ·The (multiple) UE Rx-Tx time differences of one DS-RTT / MS-RTT process may share at least one of the following parameters: the same reference timing of timestamp, time mark, SL-PRS resource, TEG, path, etc.

[0214] • For DS-RTT / MS-RTT (eg, procedure / process / operation), each UE 104 may report multiple timestamps and / or Rx-Tx time differences.

[0215] ○ Each timestamp can have an ID attached to it.

[0216] ○ Each Rx-Tx time difference can be attached with an ID.

[0217] ○ Each Rx-Tx time difference can be associated with multiple timestamps.

[0218] ○ For one DS-RTT / MS-RTT, the timestamp #x (e.g., a certain time slot) of the first UE may be the same as the timestamp #x of the second UE at least at the time slot level. The start and / or end time of the Rx-Tx time difference #x of the first UE may be the same as the start and / or end time of the Rx-Tx time difference #x of the second UE at least at the time slot level.

[0219] The total number of timestamps and Rx-Tx time differences may be related or associated with which type of DS-RTT / MS-RTT UE is used. For example:

[0220] ○ DS-RTT with four messages:

[0221] ■ Each UE 104 may report four timestamps and / or two UE ERx-Tx time differences.

[0222] ■ The first Rx-Tx time difference may be between the first two timestamps, and the second Rx-Tx time difference may be between the third and fourth (eg, last two) timestamps, or between other timestamps.

[0223] ○ DS-RTT with three messages and / or ADS-RTT with three messages:

[0224] ■ Each UE 104 may report three timestamps and two UE Rx-Tx time differences.

[0225] ○MS-RTT:

[0226] ■ Each UE 104 may report multiple / several timestamps and multiple Rx-Tx time differences based on the number of round trips or messages transmitted between network nodes.

[0227] DS-RTT / MS-RTT processing delay

[0228] In some arrangements, the completion time of the DS-RTT / MS-RTT positioning process can be reduced / minimized / controlled (e.g., controlling the transmission time of DS-RTT / MS-RTT). For example, at least one (e.g., configured / preconfigured) measurement time window can be applied. The measurement time window can be configured by at least one of the following: by the LMF via LPP, by the UE-2-UE connection (e.g., PC5-RRC signaling, PC5-S signaling, application layer, a new layer dedicated to SL positioning (such as SL-LMF via SL-LPP), MAC CE and / or physical layer signaling, such as SCI), according to UE configuration, determined / selected / decided by higher layers of UE 104 (e.g., PC5-RRC layer, PC5-S layer, application layer, a new layer dedicated to SL location (such as SL-LMF)), and / or according to implementation / specification.

[0229] In some cases, a measurement time window may be used to limit the duration of at least one DS-RTT / MS-RTT process. The measurement time window may represent / be defined as / correspond to the maximum duration / interval between the first and last timestamps used in at least one SL DS-RTT / MS-RTT report, and / or the maximum number of sums of Rx-Tx time differences.

[0230] SL bilateral multi-RTT error

[0231] In some implementations, if error(s) occur, the UE 104 may report a description or cause of the error (e.g., an error message) to a location server (e.g., LMF). The error may include at least one of: undefined, assistance data not supported, assistance data not currently available (e.g., although it may be supported), on-demand SL-PRS not supported by LMF, on-demand SL-PRS supported by LMF but not currently available, missing UE assistance data, unable to measure UE(s) 104, missing SL-PRS configuration, unable to send SL-PRS, collision, which round trip failed, and other types of error indications.

[0232] In some cases, if a first round trip (or at least one other round trip) is successfully achieved / performed, and at least one subsequent / subsequent round trip fails, a fallback mechanism from MS-RTT to DS-RTT and / or from DS-RTT to SS-RTT may be configured / constructed / designed / provided to allow the UE 104 to report at least one of the successfully performed first round trip measurement and / or at least one other round trip measurement, rather than just reporting an error message. The feature / mechanism (e.g., fallback mechanism) may be determined by or dependent on the configuration of the LMF, and / or each UE 104 may be pre-configured with the feature.

[0233] Arrangement 5: Uu DS-RTT (eg, BS 102 Rx-Tx time difference, procedure)

[0234] In various arrangements, DS-RTT / MS-RTT (e.g., including DS-RTT with four messages, DS-RTT with three messages, ADS-RTT with three messages, MS-RTT, etc.) may be introduced or used to improve the positioning accuracy based on NR Uu RTT. The LMF may use NRPPa signaling to inform the BS 102 which type of DS-RTT / MS-RTT will be used for positioning. In some cases, the BS 102 may request the LMF (e.g., via NRPPa) about the type of RTT to be used.

[0235] refer to Fig. 22 , depicts an example 2200 of DS-RTT between BS 102 and UE 104. In various implementations, BS 102 may communicate with UE 104 via RRC, MAC CE, and / or DCI to request capabilities of UE 104 and / or send RTT-based configurations to UE 104. UE 104 may report a preferred RTT type to BS 102 (e.g., as part of UE capabilities), such as in response to a request for UE capabilities. Depending on or based on the preferred RTT type, BS 102 and UE 104 may initiate one or more round trips. For example, as Fig. 22 As shown, BS 102 may transmit DL-PRS 1 to UE 104 to initiate a first round trip (2202). UE 104 may respond to BS 102 with an SRS and / or initiate a second round trip with the SRS (2204). In response to the SRS, BS 102 may send DL-PRS 2 to UE 104 as part of the second round trip (2206), e.g., a third round trip may or may not be initiated in DL-PRS 2, and so on.

[0236] Control information for configuration / triggering / activation / deactivation of a Tx to Rx round trip sequence indicating DS-RTT may be configured / designed.

[0237] For example, the control information may be carried / included in at least one of: high-layer signaling, low-layer signaling, or high-layer signaling and low-layer signaling. In some cases, the control information may be carried / included in each DL-PRS and / or SRS used for positioning transmission, and / or used at the beginning of a Tx to Rx round trip. The higher or lower signaling(s) may be at least one of:

[0238] o Higher layer signaling may be transmitted from the LMF to the BS 102 via NRPPa.

[0239] o Higher layer signaling may be transmitted from the LMF to the UE 104 via LPP.

[0240] o Higher layer signaling may be transmitted from BS 102 to UE 104 via RRC.

[0241] o Higher layer signaling may be transmitted from a UE 104 to another UE 104 via PC5-RRC signaling, PC5-S signaling, application layer, and / or a new layer dedicated to SL positioning (such as SL-LMF via SL-LPP).

[0242] o Low layer signaling may be transmitted from BS 102 to UE 104 via DCI and / or MAC CE. UE 104 may indicate control information in PUCCH.

[0243] ○ If both high-layer signaling and low-layer signaling are involved in the configuration / triggering / activation / deactivation of DS-RTT / MS-RTT, the high-layer signaling can be used for DL-PRS / SRS configuration and / or coordinate the corresponding configuration / capability of UE 104 and / or BS 102 in DS-RTT / MS-RTT, and / or the low-layer signaling can be used to initiate / activate / deactivate each Tx-Rx round trip.

[0244] The content of the control information for Uu DS-RTT / MS-RTT may include at least one of the following:

[0245] o First and / or second Tx to Rx round trip indicator.

[0246] ■Use multiple bits.

[0247] ■ The control information may include the order of Tx to Rx round trip(s) (eg, first round trip(s), second round trip, and / or third round trip, etc.).

[0248] o The control information may indicate whether RTT measurement is used / configured for feedback.

[0249] o One ID per DS-RTT / MS-RTT process. There may be multiple DS-RTT / MS-RTT measurements between UE 104 and BS 102 / TRP. The ID may be used to distinguish at least one specific DS-RTT / MS-RTT.

[0250] The BS / gNB / TRP Rx-Tx time difference for Uu DS-RTT may be defined as the difference between the receive timing and the transmit timing. For example, the BS Rx-Tx time difference for SL DS-RTT may be defined at multiple granularity levels (e.g., a high granularity level and / or a low granularity level, etc.). The total DS-RTT Rx-Tx time difference may be determined as the sum of the BS Rx-Tx time difference at the high granularity level and the BS-Rx-Tx time difference at the low granularity level.

[0251] BS Rx-Tx time difference at a high granularity level

[0252] The BS Rx-Tx time difference at a high granularity level can be used to provide coarse-grained measurement results and / or coarse / rough propagation time (e.g., relatively coarse resolution). The resolution step of the coarse time difference can be at least one of the following: time slot, absolute time of time slot, millisecond and / or subframe, etc. The reporting range of the BS Rx-Tx time difference at a high granularity level can be related or associated with the total number of time slots (e.g., Nmax) and / or total time domain resources (e.g., Tmax ms) of the SL-PRS resource pool / configuration. At least one of the following reporting time arrangement strategies can be considered / utilized:

[0253] The reporting range of BS Rx-Tx time difference at a high granularity level can be defined as from -0.5*Nmax to 0.5*Nmax time slots, with a resolution step of one time slot.

[0254] The reporting range of BS Rx-Tx time difference at a high granularity level can be defined as from -0.5*Tmax to 0.5*Tmax-ms, with a resolution step of one millisecond.

[0255] BS Rx-Tx time difference at a low granularity level

[0256] The BS Rx-Tx time difference at a low granularity level may be intended / used to provide a finer granularity measurement result (e.g., relatively finer resolution). The reporting range of the fine granularity result may be consistent with the subframe (e.g., 1 ms) and / or time slot (e.g., 2 -μ The resolution step of the fine time difference can be at least one of: nanoseconds, multiple nanoseconds, T c , Multi-T c Etc. Time unit T c =1 / (Δf max ·N f ), where Δf max =480·10 3 Hz and N f =4096. At least one of the following report timing strategies may be considered:

[0257] The reporting range of BS Rx-Tx time difference at a low granularity level can be defined as from -0.5 to 0.5 time slots, with a resolution step selected from one of the following: ns, 2 k ns, T c , 2 k *T c wait.

[0258] The reporting range of the gNB Rx-Tx time difference at a low granularity level can be defined as -0.5 to 0.5 ms, with a resolution step selected from one of the following: ns, 2 k ns, T c , 2 k *T c wait.

[0259] "k" may represent a timing reporting granularity factor for a fine-grained Rx-Tx time difference. (Multiple) BS-UE DS-RTT Rx-Tx time difference related parameters may include at least one of the following: a reporting range of a BS Rx-Tx time difference at a high granularity level, a resolution step size of a BS Rx-Tx time difference at a high granularity level, a reporting range of a BS Rx-Tx time difference at a low granularity level, a resolution step size of a BS Rx-Tx time difference at a low granularity level, a k value, and / or (multiple) reporting strategies, etc. The configuration of one or more parameters may include the following configurations / alternatives / options / implementations:

[0260] Configured or recommended by LMF via NRPPa.

[0261] • Determined by the BS implementation for configuration of one or more parameters.

[0262] In some implementations, if the LMF uses at least one parameter (e.g., timingReportinglowGranularityFactor) to configure and / or recommend k for BS 102, BS 102 may apply at least one of the following options / configurations:

[0263] ·k>=timingReportinglowGranularityFactor;

[0264] ·k>timingReportinglowGranularityFactor;

[0265] ·k=timingReportinglowGranularityFactor;

[0266] ·k<=timingReportinglowGranularityFactor; and / or

[0267] ·k <timingReportinglowGranularityFactor。

[0268] In certain aspects, communication / indication of preferred response time(s) to be used by the UE 104 and BS 102 / TRP may be provided prior to the DS-RTT / MS-RTT process. The information may include at least one of: a UE preferred response time (e.g., multiple potential response times, where the response time(s) of one or more UEs 104 may or may not be the same as that of at least one other UE 104), a BS 102 / TRP preferred response time (e.g., multiple potential response times, which may or may not be the same between one or more UEs 104 and / or other BSs 102).

[0269] The preferred response time exchange between UE 104 and BS 102 may be triggered by at least one of UE 104 and / or another network node (e.g., BS 102 and / or LMF). If the preferred response time exchange between UE 104 and BS 102 is triggered by LMF, the triggered signaling may be at least one of LPP and / or NRPPa. In some cases, BS 102 may use at least one of DCI and / or MAC CE to trigger the preferred response time exchange between UE 104 and / or between UE 104 and BS 102.

[0270] For example, from the BS / gNB side, the BS 102 may configure the SRS resource(s) for positioning without requiring the UE 104 to provide the preferred time for the response. The preferred time(s) for the UE 104 and the BS 102 may be sent to the UE 104 from the network (e.g., the BS 102 and / or the LMF). If the LMF provides the information to the UE 104, LPP signaling may be used. If the BS 102 provides the information to the UE 104, at least one of RRC and / or DCI signaling may be used. In some implementations, the preferred time(s) may be sent / provided (e.g., first) from the BS 102 to the LMF via NRPPa signaling, and subsequently, the LMF may provide the information to one or more UEs 104. In some cases, the preferred time(s) may be transmitted together with the assistance data, or as part of the assistance data.

[0271] (Multiple) processing samples

[0272] In some implementations, the UE 104 may report its capabilities regarding the minimum / maximum number of DL-PRS processing samples (e.g., UE Rx-Tx time difference measurement samples) to the LMF and / or BS 102, and / or one or more other UEs 104 (e.g., via a higher layer from at least one of the following: MAC CE, PC5-RRC, PC5-S, a new higher layer dedicated to SL positioning (such as SL-LMF) and / or an application layer, etc.) may request the number of SL-PRS processing samples (e.g., UE Rx-Tx time difference measurement samples) from the UE 104. In some cases, the BS 102 may report the number of processing samples it supports to the LMF and / or UE 104. The LMF may send the configuration regarding the number of samples to the BS 102 via NRPPa, and / or to the UE 104 via LPP.

[0273] In various implementations, the measurement report may indicate a sample ID. The sample ID may be included as part of the DS-RTT / MS-RTT ID. For one or more of the multiple Rx-Tx measurement reports of the UE 104 in DS-RTT / MS-RTT, in some cases, the measurement reports may share the same sample ID with each other. For example, for one or more of the multiple Rx-Tx measurement reports of the BS 102 / TRP in DS-RTT / MS-RTT, the measurement reports may share the same sample ID with each other.

[0274] If the UE 104 and BS 102 / TRP (e.g., participating in the same DS-RTT / MS-RTT process) include the same number of processed samples, or are associated with the same number of processed samples, they can share the same sample ID in the measurement report. In some other cases, the number of processed samples for the UE 104 and BS 102 / TRP (e.g., participating in the same DS-RTT / MS-RTT process) may be different, so that the ID in the measurement report may be different between the UE 104 and BS 102 / TRP. In various implementations, the UE 104 and / or BS 102 may perform multiple measurements (e.g., to obtain multiple samples) for one measurement report. For example, if UE 104 obtains / has three samples (e.g., sample #1, sample #2, and sample #3) for one measurement report, and BS 102 obtains / has the same number of samples (e.g., sample #1, sample #2, sample #3) for one measurement report, then the sample IDs of UE 104 and BS 102 may match (e.g., UE sample #1+BS sample #1). If UE sample #1+BS sample #1 is selected / selected, then the timestamp, Rx-Tx time difference, etc. may be part of the measurement result of measurement sample #1 (such as sample #1 of both UE 104 and BS 102).

[0275] In various aspects, Uu DS-RTT and / or MS-RTT, the UE measurement result report may be at least one of the following:

[0276] DS-RTT and / or MS-RTT IDs shared by UE 104 and / or BS 102 / TRF. In some cases, there may be multiple DS-RTT measurements between UE 104 and BS 102 / TRF, and the (e.g., DS-RTT or MS-RTT) ID may be shared by both UE 104 and BS 102 / TRF participating in the same DS-RTT process.

[0277] Sample ID.

[0278] Measurement list:

[0279] ○ The measurement list may include / contain N (e.g., N number) DS-RTT / MS-RTT measurement pairs / groups. Each DS-RTT / MS-RTT measurement pair / group may include multiple measurement elements. In this case, each measurement element corresponds to one Rx-Tx round trip.

[0280] ○ The measurement list may contain N DS-RTT / MS-RTT measurements. Each DS-RTT / MS-RTT measurement may include multiple measurement subsets. In this case, each measurement subset corresponds to one Rx-Tx round trip.

[0281] ○ The measurement list may contain N DS-RTT / MS-RTT measurements. Each DS-RTT / MS-RTT measurement may include multiple Rx-Tx time differences and / or some other measurements, which may be presented as part of the additional measurements. ○ For at least one UE measurement report, N may be the total / maximum number of anchor / assistant / neighbor / peer UEs for DS-RTT / MS-RTT.

[0282] • Pair / Group ID, Measurement Subset ID, and / or other IDs to uniquely identify whether measurements of at least one UE 104 are configured to be packaged / grouped together for DS-RTT / MS-RTT.

[0283] o ID may be 1 bit used to indicate whether one or more measurements are part of a group.

[0284] o The maximum number of bits of the ID may be configured by the LMF, and / or higher layers of the UE 104 (e.g., at least one of the following: PC5-RRC, PC5-S, application layer, and / or SL-LMF via SL-LPP signaling, etc.). The ID may be used to indicate which group / pair / subset the measurement belongs to.

[0285] TRP ID and / or BS 102 / gNB information.

[0286] • TA offset used by UE 104.

[0287] SRS-TxTEG. The SL-PRS resource associated with a specific UE Tx TEG may contain at least one timestamp, which is used to specify the end time and / or start time of the SRS TxTEG element and / or the ID of the UE Tx TEG.

[0288] DL-PRS resource information. A DL-PRS resource set ID and / or a DL-PRS source ID may be an ID for uniquely identifying a DL-PRS resource associated with a single TRP.

[0289] • Cell information, physical cell ID, global cell ID, and / or ARFCN.

[0290] • UE Rx-Tx time difference measurements, such as including at least one of high granularity and / or low granularity measurement(s).

[0291] Additional path timing values.

[0292] · List of additional paths.

[0293] Timestamp, description / details can be provided here.

[0294] A timestamp shared by the measurement group / element / subset. This timestamp may be defined or referred to as a reference timestamp and / or the start time of the DS-RTT / MS-RTT process.

[0295] • Timing quality, such as determination / estimation by UE 104 of measurement quality.

[0296] DL-PRS RSRP results.

[0297] TEG information, such as one or more of the following: UE RxTx TEG ID, UE TEG ID and / or UE RxTEG ID, etc.

[0298] DL-PRS RSRPP.

[0299] LOS / NLOS indicator.

[0300] Additional measurements:

[0301] ○Up to the maximum number of additional measurements.

[0302] ○ For each additional measurement, at least one of the following may be included: cell information, DL-PRS resource information, additional DL-PRS RSRP, additional DL-PRSRSRPP, additional UE Rx-Tx time difference, timestamp, timing quality, TEG information, association between TEG and SRS resources, association between TEG and measurement, etc.

[0303] o The additional UE Rx-Tx time difference in the additional measurement may be an absolute value or a result relative to the above UE Rx-Tx time difference.

[0304] o The additional DL-PRS RSRP may be an absolute value or a result relative to the DL-PRS RSRP, such as described above.

[0305] o The additional DL-PRS RSRPP may be an absolute value or a result relative to the DL-PRS RSRPP, such as described above.

[0306] For Uu DS-RTT and / or MS-RTT, the measurement result report of BS 102 / TRP may include, correspond to, or be at least one of the following:

[0307] DS-RTT and / or MS-RTT ID shared by UE 104 and / or BS 102 / TRP. There may be multiple DS-RTT measurements between UE 104 and BS 102 / TRP, and the DS-RTT (e.g., DS-RTT) ID may be shared by both UE 104 and BS 102 / TRP involved in one DS-RTT process.

[0308] Sample ID.

[0309] Measurement list.

[0310] ○ The measurement list may contain N DS-RTT / MS-RTT measurement pairs / groups. Each DS-RTT / MS-RTT measurement pair / group may include multiple measurement elements. In this case, each measurement element may correspond to one Rx-Tx round trip.

[0311] ○ The measurement list may contain N DS-RTT / MS-RTT measurements. Each DS-RTT / MS-RTT measurement may include multiple measurement subsets. In this case, each measurement subset may correspond to one Rx-Tx round trip.

[0312] o The measurement list may contain N DS-RTT / MS-RTT measurements. Each DS-RTT / MS-RTT measurement may include multiple Rx-Tx time differences and / or some other measurements that may be present in additional measurements.

[0313] o For at least one BS 102 / TRP measurement report, N may correspond to or refer to the total / maximum number of anchor / assistant / neighbor / peer UEs for DS-RTT / MS-RTT.

[0314] • Pair / group ID, measurement subset ID, and / or other ID to uniquely identify whether measurements of at least one UE 104 are configured to be packaged / grouped together for DS-RTT / MS-RTT.

[0315] o ID may be 1 bit used to indicate whether one or more measurements are part of a group.

[0316] o The maximum number of bits of the ID may be configured by the LMF and / or according to the BS 102 implementation / configuration.

[0317] UE ID. BS 102 may report the ID information of the UE with which it interacts / communicates during the RTT process.

[0318] DL-PRS-TxTEG. A DL-PRS resource associated with a specific gNB / TRP Tx TEG may include at least one timestamp that specifies the end time and / or start time of the DL-PRS-TxTEG element. The gNB / TRP Tx TEG may be identified by an associated ID.

[0319] DL-PRS resource information, which includes at least one of the following: resource ID and / or resource set ID, etc.

[0320] An SRS for locating resource information, such as at least one of a resource ID and a resource set ID.

[0321] • Cell information, physical cell ID, global cell ID and / or ARFCN.

[0322] BS Rx-Tx time difference measurement.

[0323] Additional path timing values.

[0324] · List of additional paths.

[0325] Timestamp, the definition or description of which can be described here.

[0326] - A timestamp shared by the measurement group / element / subset. This timestamp can be defined as a reference timestamp and / or the start time of the DS-RTT / MS-RTT process.

[0327] • Timing quality, such as an estimate or determination of measurement quality by at least one of the network nodes (eg, UE 104, BS 102, and / or LMF).

[0328] UL SRS RSRP result.

[0329] • TEG information, such as one or more of the following: UE RxTx TEG ID, UE Tx TEG ID and / or UE Rx TEG ID.

[0330] UL SRS RSRPP.

[0331] LOS / NLOS indicator,

[0332] • UL angle of arrival (eg, azimuth and / or elevation).

[0333] ·Measured beam information.

[0334] Additional measurements.

[0335] ○Up to the maximum number of additional measurements.

[0336] ○ For each additional measurement, at least one of the following may be included: cell information, DL-PRS resource information, UL SRS for positioning resource information, additional SRS RSRP, additional SRS RSRPP, additional BS 102 / TRP Rx-Tx time difference, timestamp, timing quality, TEG information, association between TEG and DL-PRS resources, association between TEG and UL SRS-related measurements, UL arrival angle (e.g., azimuth and elevation) and / or measured beam information, etc.

[0337] ○ The additional gNB / TRP Rx-Tx time difference in the additional measurement can be an absolute value and / or a result relative to the UE Rx Tx time difference value, such as described above.

[0338] o The additional SRS RSRP may be an absolute value and / or a result relative to the SL-PRS RSRP, such as described above.

[0339] o The additional SRS RSRPP may be an absolute value or a result relative to the SL-PRS RSRPP, such as described above.

[0340] Uu DS-RTT / MS-RTT measurement timestamp for UE 104:

[0341] For a Uu DS-RTT / MS-RTT measurement report of a UE 104, the timestamp may represent or indicate the time at which the measurement was performed. In some cases, the timestamp may indicate the time at which the measurement was performed compared to a reference timestamp. The timestamp may be used to indicate the time at which the UE 104 transmitted / sent an SRS and / or received a DL-PRS. Similar to the Uu DS-RTT / MS-RTTRx-Tx time difference, the DS-RTT / MS-RTT measurement timestamp may be defined at two levels of granularity (e.g., a higher level of granularity and / or a lower level of granularity). The total timestamp may be the sum of the high level of granularity timestamp and the low level of granularity timestamp.

[0342] The Uu DS-RTT / MS-RTT UE Timestamp field may include at least one of the following information: DFN, timeslot number within DFN, SFN, timeslot number within SFN, subframe number within a frame, timeslot number within a frame (e.g., related to SCS), symbol number within a timeslot, exact time position within a symbol (e.g., exact timing resolution may be nanoseconds, nanoseconds, T c and / or multiple T c At least one of the following: the current UTC time obtained from the GNSS and / or BS 102, the ID of the TRP that the SFN can use for DL-PRS transmission, the physical cell ID, the global cell ID, the ARFCN of the TRP, the timestamp ID and / or the DL-PRS ID, etc.

[0343] Uu DS-RTT / MS-RTT measurement timestamp for BS 102 / TRP:

[0344] For the Uu DS-RTT / MS-RTT measurement report of BS 102 / TRP, the timestamp may indicate the time at which the measurement was performed. In some cases, the timestamp may indicate the time at which the measurement was performed compared to a reference timestamp. The timestamp may be used to indicate the time at which the BS 102 / TRP transmitted the DL-PRS and / or received the SRS. The DS-RTT / MS-RTT measurement timestamp of BS 102 / TRF may be defined at two levels of granularity. The total timestamp may be equal to or the sum of the high granularity level timestamp and the low granularity level timestamp.

[0345] The Uu DS-RTT / MS-RTT BS / TRP timestamp field may include at least one of the following information: DFN, timeslot number within DFN, SFN, timeslot number within SFN, subframe number within frame, timeslot number within frame (e.g., related to SCS), symbol number within timeslot, exact time position within symbol (e.g., exact timing resolution may be nanoseconds, nanoseconds, T c , Multi-T cAt least one of the following, the current UTC time obtained from GNSS, the ID of TRP, the physical cell ID, the global cell ID, the ARFCN of TRP, the timestamp ID and / or the measurement time, etc.

[0346] In some implementations, for example, there may be some correlation between the DL-PRS transmission configuration, the UL SRS for positioning transmission configuration, the UE 104 timestamp(s), the BS 102 / TRP timestamp(s), the UE Rx-Tx time difference, and / or the BS 102 / TRP Rx-Tx time difference for SL DS-RTT / MS-RTT. In this case, at least one of the following may be considered:

[0347] • The UE timestamp and BS 102 / TRP timestamp may be consistent with the DL-PRS transmission configuration and the UL SRS for positioning transmission configuration.

[0348] Multiple UE Rx-Tx time differences can share at least one common timestamp.

[0349] o The common timestamp may be the end timestamp of the first / previous UE Rx-Tx time difference, and / or the start timestamp of the subsequent / next UE Rx-Tx time difference.

[0350] • Multiple BS 102 / TRP Rx-Tx time differences may share at least one common timestamp.

[0351] o The common timestamp may be the end timestamp of the first / previous BS 102 / TRP Rx-Tx time difference, and / or the start timestamp of the subsequent / next BS 102 / TRP Rx-Tx time difference.

[0352] • UE 104 and BS 102 / TRP Rx-Tx time difference can be derived from at least two timestamps.

[0353] o For example, the time difference may be determined / obtained by subtracting two consecutive timestamps of the UE 104 and the BS 102.

[0354] Different UE Rx-Tx time differences of one DS-RTT / MS-RTT process may share at least one of the following parameters: the same reference timing of timestamp, time mark, DL-PRS resource, SRS resource, TEG and / or path, etc.

[0355] Different BS Rx-Tx time differences of one DS-RTT / MS-RTT process may share at least one of the following parameters: the same reference timing of timestamp, time mark, DL-PRS resource, SRS resource, TEG and / or path, etc.

[0356] • For DS-RTT / MS-RTT, the UE 104 and BS 102 / TRP may report multiple timestamps and Rx-Tx time differences.

[0357] ○ Each timestamp can have an ID attached / associated to it.

[0358] ○ Each Rx-Tx time difference can be attached with an ID.

[0359] ○ Each Rx-Tx time difference can be associated with multiple timestamps.

[0360] o For one DS-RTT / MS-RTT, the UE timestamp #x may be identical to the BS 102 / TRP timestamp #x at least at the slot level. The start and / or end time of the UE Rx-Tx time difference #x may be identical to the start and / or end time of the BS 102 / TRP Rx-Tx time difference #x at least at the slot level.

[0361] • The total number of timestamps and / or Rx-Tx time differences may be related to which type of DS-RTT / MS-RTT is used.

[0362] ○ For DS-RTT with four messages:

[0363] ■ The UE can report four timestamps and two UE Rx-Tx time differences.

[0364] ■ BS 102 / TRP can report four timestamps and two UE Rx-Tx time differences.

[0365] ○ For DS-RTT with three messages and / or ADS-RTT with three messages:

[0366] ■ The UE may report three timestamps and two UE Rx-Tx time differences.

[0367] ■ BS 102 / TRP can report three timestamps and two UE Rx-Tx time differences.

[0368] ○ For MS-RTT:

[0369] ■ Each UE and / or each BS 102 / TRP may report multiple timestamps and multiple Rx-Tx time differences.

[0370] DS-RTT / MS-RTT processing delay

[0371] In order to reduce and control the transmission time of Uu DS-RTT / MS-RTT, a (e.g., configured or preconfigured) measurement time window may be applied. The measurement time window may be configured by at least one of the following:

[0372] • Configured by the LMF via LPP (eg, for UE 104) and / or NRPPa (eg, for BS 102).

[0373] ·Configured by BS 102. BS 102 may send the measurement window configuration to UE 104 via at least one of RRC, DCI, and / or MAC. In some cases, BS 102 may (e.g., first or initially) send the measurement window configuration to LMF via NRPPa. LMF may then notify / send the measurement window configuration to UE 104 via LPP,

[0374] • In some cases, the measurement time window may be configurable according to UE capabilities / configuration / settings.

[0375] The measurement time window may be used to limit the duration of the DS-RTT / MS-RTT process. The measurement time window may be defined as the maximum duration / interval between the first and last timestamps used in one SL DS-RTT / MS-RTT report, and / or the maximum number of sums of all Rx-Tx time differences of the UE, and / or the maximum number of sums of all Rx-Tx time differences of the BS 102.

[0376] Uu DS-RTT / MS-RTT measurement error

[0377] In various arrangements, if an error occurs, the UE may report the error cause / explanation / description to the location server (e.g., LMF). In some cases, if an error occurs, the BS 102 / TRP may report the error cause to the location server (e.g., LMF). The error may include or correspond to at least one of the following: undefined, assistance data not supported, assistance data supported but currently unavailable, on-demand DL-PRS not supported by LMF, on-demand DL-PRS supported by LMF but currently unavailable, lost UE assistance data, unable to measure UE positioning, lost UL-SRS configuration, unable to send UL-SRS, collision, and / or which round trip failed, and other types of error messages.

[0378] In some implementations, if at least one round trip (e.g., the first round trip) is successfully achieved, but one or more other subsequent round trips fail, a fallback mechanism / technique / feature from MS-RTT to DS-RTT, and / or from DS-RTT to SS-RTT may be applied / designed / configured to enable the UE 104 and / or BS 102 / TRP to report at least one successful round trip measurement (e.g., the first one or more round trip measurements) instead of just reporting an error message. The fallback feature may depend on the configuration of the LMF and / or each UE 104 and / or each BS 102 / TRP.

[0379] Hybrid positioning (combined SL and Uu positioning)

[0380] refer to Fig.23 , depicting an example 2300 of different RTTs supported by hybrid positioning. Considering in-coverage and / or partial coverage scenarios, the network may participate in SL-PRS configuration and / or assist in data transmission and / or position calculation / determination, etc. For example, hybrid multi-RTT positioning may be as follows: one or more of the (multiple) UEs 104 (e.g., (multiple) anchor UEs 2304A-N and / or target UE 2302) may perform (multiple) SL measurements and / or Uu positioning measurements (2308A-N), one or more BSs 102 / (multiple) TRPs (e.g., gNB / TRPs 2306A-N) may perform (multiple) Uu positioning measurements (2310A-N), and / or UE position / ranging may be estimated / determined using one or more measurements derived / obtained on at least one or both of SL and / or Uu positioning.

[0381] In some implementations, hybrid positioning can support various types of RTT (e.g., SS-RTT and / or DS-RTT / MS-RTT). The UE can report whether it supports and / or prefers hybrid RTT positioning. The LMF can be used to schedule the UE 104 and / or the BS 102 and / or calculate / determine the target UE position / positioning. For example, in addition to the DL PRS related information, the auxiliary data sent from the LMF to the UE 104 may include SL-PRS related information. The LMF may request at least one of the SL positioning measurement and / or the Uu positioning measurement from the UE 104. The LMF may request, for example, the Uu positioning measurement from the BS 102.

[0382] Fig.24 24 is a flow chart illustrating an example method 2400 for RTT-based positioning. Fig.24, method 2400 may be performed by one or more network nodes (e.g., at least one BS 102 / TRP, at least one UE 104, and / or at least one LMF). In some arrangements, at 2402, at least one network node may determine a first measurement. At 2404, at least one network node may determine a second measurement. At 2406, at least one network node (or other network node) determines a location of at least one of the network nodes.

[0383] Still reference Fig.24 , in more detail, at 2402, the first network node may communicate (e.g., exchange information) with the second network node to determine a first measurement. As discussed herein, the first network node and / or the second network node may include, correspond to, or be one of: a corresponding UE (e.g., a wireless communication device), a BS (e.g., a radio communication node), a TRP, a LMF, or other network entity. In this case, the first network node and the second network node may correspond to corresponding UEs, such as a first UE (e.g., UE 1) and a second UE (e.g., UE 2). In some implementations, the first network node may correspond to a target UE, and the second network node may correspond to an anchor UE of one or more anchor UEs, or vice versa. In various arrangements, for example, the first measurement may correspond to a first round trip of various round trips in an RTT process (e.g., including T round1 and / or T reply1 ) or is associated with the first round trip.

[0384] At 2404, the first network node may communicate with the second network node to determine a second measurement. The second measurement may correspond to a second round trip (eg, in some examples, including T round2 and / or T reply2 ). As described herein, using at least one or both of the first measurement and the second measurement, at least one network node and / or at least one network entity may determine the location / positioning of at least one of the network nodes (e.g., the first network node and / or the second network node). In some cases, measurement reporting may be performed for each network node. For example, the first network node may report T round1 and T reply2 Both, and / or the second network node may report T reply1 and T round2 Both.

[0385] In various arrangements, a DS-RTT process with four messages including two different initiators may be used / performed. For example, to determine a first measurement by communicating between a first network node and a second network node, the first network node (e.g., a first UE) may send / transmit / provide / transmit / signal a first message (e.g., SL-PRS 1) to the second network node. In some implementations, one or more messages discussed herein may correspond to or include at least one of a SL-PRS, a DL-PRS, and / or an SRS. After sending the first message, the first network node may receive / obtain / acquire a first response / answer to the first message from the second network node (e.g., SL-PRS 2). In addition, to determine a second measurement, the first network node may receive a second message (e.g., SL-PRS 3) from the network node. Subsequently, the first network node may send a second response (e.g., SL-PRS 4 in response to the second message) to the second network node. In this case, the first message and the second message may initiate respective round trips, such as initiated by the first network node for the first round trip and initiated by the second network node for the second round trip.

[0386] In some arrangements, a DS-RTT process with four messages may be performed / conducted, the four messages having two identical initiators. For example, to determine a first measurement, a first network node may send a first message (e.g., SL-PRS 1) to a second network node. The first network node may receive a first response / acknowledgement / answer (e.g., SL-PRS 2) from the second network node, such as in response to the first message. To determine a second measurement, the first network node may send a second message (e.g., SL-PRS 3) to the second network node. Similarly, the first network node may receive a second response (e.g., SL-PRS 4) from the second network node in response to the second message. In this case, the first message and the second message may initiate respective round trips, wherein the initiator is the first network node.

[0387] In some arrangements, an ADS-RTT process with three messages may be performed. For example, to determine a first measurement, a first network node may send a first message (e.g., SL-PRS 1) to a second network node, thereby initiating a first round trip. In response to the first message, the first network node may receive a first response (e.g., SL-PRS 2) from the second network node. In this case, the first response may be used to initiate a second round trip. Therefore, to determine a second measurement corresponding to the second round trip, the first network node may send a second message (e.g., SL-PRS 3) to the second network node in response to receiving the first response initiating the second round trip.

[0388] In some implementations, the second message sent by the first network node can be sent at a time (e.g., the same or approximately the same time) when the first network node receives the first response from the second network node. In this case, the first network node can immediately respond to the second network node without waiting for a response message (e.g., SL-PRS 2). For example, the first network node can be configured to expect or anticipate at least one response from at least the second network node (or other network node / entity) at a certain time. Therefore, when the first network node receives the response to the first message, the first network node can send the second message at the same time, or approximately the same time.

[0389] In some implementations, an MS-RTT process may be performed that may be an extension of at least one of the DS-RTT processes. For example, after the first network node sends the second message in the second round trip, the first network node may receive a third message (e.g., SL-PRS 4, sometimes referred to as a second response) from the second network node in response to the second message. In this case, the second message and the third message may correspond to the third round trip or be a portion of the third round trip. Thus, the first network node and the second network node may communicate to determine a third measurement corresponding to the third round trip. The MS-RTT process may include an additional number of Tx to Rx round trips, such as more than three round trips, as described in this case.

[0390] In various aspects, each of the first measurement and / or the second measurement may include at least one of the receive-to-transmit (Rx-Tx) time differences as a time difference between a SL-PRS reception time and / or a SL-PRS transmission time. For example, a total Rx-Tx time difference of at least one of the first measurement and / or the second measurement may be determined based on a sum of a first Rx-Tx time having a higher granularity (e.g., a higher granularity level) and / or a second Rx-Tx time having a lower granularity (e.g., a lower granularity level). The higher granularity may be defined / represented / indicated by a coarser resolution step size and / or a first reporting range (e.g., a reporting range for a high granularity level). The lower granularity may be defined by a finer resolution step size based on a granularity factor and / or a second reporting range (e.g., a reporting range for a low granularity level). In certain implementations, the reception-to-transmission (Rx-Tx) time difference may be determined based on one or more transmission characteristics (eg, SL-PRS transmission slot time / slot index / timing, etc.) of the first network node and / or the second network node.

[0391] In some arrangements, the first network node may communicate with the second network node to provide preferred response time(s) that may be applied by the first network node and / or the second network node. The preferred response time(s) may be communicated between the first network node and the second network node to determine to be applied before / before the first measurement and / or the second measurement. The preferred response time(s) may indicate when the first network node and / or the second network node may expect responses / responses from each other (and other network nodes).

[0392] In some implementations, the first network node may send a measurement result report, such as to at least one network entity (e.g., BS / gNB / TRP / wireless communication node and / or LMF). The measurement result report may include at least one of the following: the first measurement and / or the second measurement (e.g., one or more Rx-Tx time differences and / or measurement lists, etc.), an ID shared by the first network node and the second network node, a measurement timestamp (e.g., relative to or not relative to a reference timestamp) at least defining / indicating the moment of determining the first measurement and / or the second measurement, and / or an ID indicating at least one group / pair of related measurements (e.g., pair / group ID, measurement subset ID, and / or other ID), etc. In some cases, if MS-RTT is applied / implemented, each network node may be configured to report multiple measurements to the network entity.

[0393] In various arrangements, to handle the delay of DS-RTT / MS-RTT, at least one of the first measurement (e.g., Rx-Tx time difference), the second measurement (e.g., Rx-Tx time difference), (multiple) transmission configurations (e.g., SL-PRS transmission configurations) of the signal used to determine the first measurement and / or the second measurement, and / or the measurement timestamp can be associated with each other. In some cases, a measurement time window can be determined within which the communication for determining the first measurement and the communication for determining the second measurement are performed.

[0394] In some implementations, the first network node may receive at least one of assistance data, a capability request, and / or a measurement result request from the LMF (e.g., for LMF-based positioning). In some cases, at least one of the assistance data may include / contain transmission parameters of the SL-PRS to be sent by the first network node, information related to the positioning method, and quality of service (QoS) requirements; the measurement result request may include a request for the first network node to provide information related to the SL-PRS sent by the first network node (e.g., such as described in a measurement result request list); and / or the capability request may include at least one of a request for the first network node to provide information related to whether multi-RTT is supported by the first network node, and / or a request for the first network node to enable multi-RTT functionality.

[0395] In some implementations, the first network node (and / or the second network node, and other network nodes) may send certain (e.g., appropriate) information to the LMF. The information to be sent to the LMF may include at least one of a capability report, an assistance data request, and / or a measurement result report. In some cases, at least one of the assistance data requests may include / contain a request for transmission parameters of the SL-PRS to be sent by the first network node; the measurement result report may include at least one of the first measurement and / or the second measurement, and / or each of the first measurement and / or the second measurement may include at least one of the signal strength (e.g., RSRP), a one-sided RTT (e.g., SS-RTT) received to transmitted time difference, and / or an SS-RTT measurement timestamp; and / or the capability report may include information related to whether the one-sided multi-RTT is supported by the first network node, and / or information related to the multi-RTT function of the first network node (or the second network node, etc.).

[0396] In some arrangements, a base station (e.g., BS / gNB) may transmit / send / provide at least one of auxiliary data and / or SL-PRS configuration data to the LMF. In some arrangements, the LMF may send information to the base station (e.g., which may be transmitted to the BS / gNB). For example, the information may include at least one of SL-PRS transmission characteristic information, etc. In some cases, the first (e.g., target) network node (and / or the second network node or other network node) may send a capability report to the BS, the LMF, and / or other network nodes. The capability report may include at least one of an indication of whether bilateral multi-RTT and / or multi-side multi-RTT is supported and / or an indication of the type of multi-RTT supported. The type of multi-RTT supported may include at least one of DS-RTT with four messages, DS-RTT with three messages, ADS-RTT with three messages, and / or MS-RTT with multi-side RTT. For example, a first network node (e.g., a target UE) may communicate with one or more other network nodes (e.g., multiple anchor UEs). Each target UE and anchor UE pair (e.g., a first network node and a second network node) may perform an RTT process, such as single-sided, double-sided, dual-sided, etc., which respectively describe the number of round trips / iterations. Therefore, single-sided, dual-sided, and / or multi-sided may correspond to corresponding single-sided multi-RTT, dual-sided multi-RTT, and / or multi-sided multi-RTT.

[0397] In various aspects, a first network node may receive control information (e.g., from a second network node or (multiple) other network nodes). The control information may include at least one of: a configuration for determining at least one of a first round trip and / or a second round trip; a trigger for determining at least one of the first round trip and / or the second round trip; activating at least one of the determination of the first round trip and / or the determination of the second round trip; and / or deactivating at least one of the determination of the first round trip and / or the determination of the second round trip. In some cases, the control information may include at least one of: an indication for determining at least one of the first measurement and / or determining the second measurement; whether the first measurement and / or the second measurement are needed / required / configured for feedback; and / or an ID of at least one or both of the first measurement and / or the second measurement. For example, for one DS-RTT process, each network node may report the first measurement and / or the second measurement and other measurements. In this case, the first measurement and the second measurement may share the same ID. In some other cases, the first measurement and the second measurement may be associated with different IDs.

[0398] At 2406, a first location of the first network node and / or a second location of the second network node may be determined based at least in part on the first measurement and the second measurement. In some cases, the location may be determined based on measurements (e.g., including at least one or both of the first measurement and the second measurement, as well as other measurements) between the first network node (e.g., the target UE) and one or more other network nodes (e.g., one or more anchor UEs).

[0399] In some arrangements, the network node(s) (e.g., the first network node and / or the second network node) may transmit / send the first measurement and / or the first measurement (e.g., based on the positioning of the LMF) to the LMF. The LMF may determine the first location of the first network node and / or the second location of the second network node based on at least one of the first measurement and / or the second measurement, such as according to a configuration / implementation of the LMF. In some implementations, at least one of the first network node and / or the second network node may determine the first location of the first network node and / or the second location of the second network node based on at least one of the first measurement and / or the second measurement.

[0400] In some implementations, the first network node may be a wireless communication device (e.g., a UE), and the second network node may be a base station (e.g., a network entity). In this case, the first network node may receive control information. The control information may include at least one of: a configuration for determining an order / sequence of the first round trip and the second round trip; a trigger for determining an order of the first round trip and the second round trip; an order of activating the first round trip and the second round trip; and / or an order of deactivating the first round trip and the second round trip.

[0401] In some cases, the first network node may be a wireless communication device and the second network node may be a base station. In this case, the first network node may receive control information. The control information may include at least one of the following: an indication of an order for determining the first measurement or determining the second measurement; whether the first measurement or the second measurement is required for feedback; and / or an ID of a process for determining at least one of the first measurement or the second measurement.

[0402] In some embodiments, the first network node may be a wireless communication device, and the second network node may be a base station. Each of the first measurement and / or the second measurement may include, or be associated with, a receive-to-transmit (Rx-Tx) time difference as a time difference between a signal reception time and a signal transmission time. In this case, for example, a total receive-to-transmit (Rx-Tx) time difference for each of the first measurement and / or the second measurement may be determined (e.g., by the first network node and / or the second network node) based on a sum of a first receive-to-transmit (Rx-Tx) time having a higher granularity and a second receive-to-transmit time having a lower granularity.

[0403] In various arrangements, a hybrid positioning (e.g., joint SL and Uu positioning) process may be deployed / performed / utilized. In this case, the first network node may communicate with the third network node to determine a third measurement. For example, the first network node (e.g., the target UE) may communicate with both the second network node (i.e., at least one of the anchor UEs) and the third network node (e.g., the BS) to determine the first measurement, the second measurement, and the third measurement. The third measurement may correspond to a third round trip. In some cases, the first network node may communicate with the third network node to determine a fourth measurement corresponding to a fourth round trip. The first network node may communicate with other network nodes to determine any (multiple) additional measurements corresponding to (multiple) corresponding round trips. The first position of the first network node may be determined at least in part based on the first measurement, the second measurement, the third measurement, and / or the fourth measurement (e.g., may include additional measurements, such as estimated / determined based on several anchors or several BSs / TRPs).

[0404] In various aspects described herein, a network entity (e.g., at least one of a BS / gNB / TRP, LMF, etc.) may determine a first measurement corresponding to a first round trip of communication between a first network node (e.g., a first UE / wireless communication device or UE 1) and a second network node (e.g., a second UE / wireless communication device or UE 2). The network entity may determine a second measurement corresponding to a second round trip of communication between the first network node and the second network node. The network entity may determine a first position of the first network node and / or a second position of the second network node based at least in part on the first measurement and the second measurement. In various arrangements, the network entity may be or refer to an LMF, a BS, or a UE (e.g., UE 1 or UE2). For example, if the network entity is one of an LMF, a BS, or a different UE (e.g., UE 2 different from UE 1, or UE1 different from UE 2), the determination of certain information (e.g., measurements and / or positions) may refer to or correspond to the receipt of such information. In some cases, for example, if the network entity is UE 1 or UE 2, the determination may correspond to or refer to the operation / calculation of the above information.

[0405] Although various arrangements of the present solution have been described above, it should be understood that they are presented only by way of example rather than by way of limitation. Similarly, various figures may depict example architectures or configurations, which are provided to enable those of ordinary skill in the art to understand the example features and functions of the present solution. However, these people will understand that the present solution is not limited to the example architectures or configurations shown, but can be implemented using various alternative architectures and configurations. In addition, as will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art, one or more features of some arrangements may be combined with one or more features of another arrangement described herein. Therefore, the breadth and scope of the present disclosure should not be limited by any of the above-mentioned illustrative arrangements.

[0406] It should also be understood that any reference to an element using names such as "first," "second," etc., herein generally does not limit the number or order of these elements. Instead, these names can be used herein as a convenient means of distinguishing between two or more elements or instances of an element. Therefore, reference to a first element and a second element does not mean that only two elements can be used, or that the first element must precede the second element in some way.

[0407] In addition, those skilled in the art will appreciate that information and signals may be represented using any of a variety of different methods and techniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, and symbols, etc., that may be referenced in the above description may be represented by voltage, current, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof.

[0408] Those of ordinary skill in the art will further understand that any of the various illustrative logic blocks, modules, processors, devices, circuits, methods, and functions described in conjunction with the aspects disclosed herein may be implemented by electronic hardware (e.g., digital implementation, analog implementation, or a combination of the two), firmware, various forms of programs or design codes in conjunction with instructions (which, for convenience, may be referred to herein as "software" or "software modules"), or any combination of these technologies. In order to clearly illustrate this interchangeability of hardware, firmware, and software, various illustrative components, blocks, modules, circuits, and steps have been described above generally in terms of their functions. Whether such functions are implemented as hardware, firmware, or software, or a combination of these technologies depends on the specific application and the design constraints imposed on the entire system. A skilled technician may implement the described functions in various ways for each specific application, but such implementation decisions will not result in a departure from the scope of the present disclosure.

[0409] In addition, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that the various illustrative logic blocks, modules, devices, components, and circuits described herein may be implemented or performed within an integrated circuit (IC), which may include a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), or other programmable logic device, or any combination thereof. The logic blocks, modules, and circuits may also include antennas and / or transceivers to communicate with various components within a network or within a device. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in an alternative, the processor may be any conventional processor, controller, or state machine. The processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, for example, a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in combination with a DSP core, or any other suitable configuration for performing the functions described herein.

[0410] If implemented in software, these functions can be stored as one or more instructions or codes on a computer-readable medium. Therefore, the steps of the method or algorithm disclosed herein can be implemented as software stored on a computer-readable medium. Computer-readable media include both computer storage media and communication media, including any medium that can transfer a computer program or code from one place to another. The storage medium can be any available medium that a computer can access. As an example and not limitation, such a computer-readable medium may include RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical disk storage, disk storage or other magnetic storage device, or any other medium that can be used to store the desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and can be accessed by a computer.

[0411] In this document, the term "module" as used herein refers to software, firmware, hardware, and any combination of these elements for performing the relevant functions described herein. In addition, for the purpose of discussion, various modules are described as discrete modules; however, as is clear to one of ordinary skill in the art, two or more modules can be combined to form a single module that performs associated functions arranged according to the present solution.

[0412] In addition, memory or other storage devices and communication components can be used in the arrangement of the present solution. It should be understood that, for the sake of clarity, the above description has described the arrangement of the present solution with reference to different functional units and processors. However, it is clear that any suitable functional distribution between different functional units, processing logic elements or domains can be used without departing from the present solution. For example, the functions illustrated as being performed by a separate processing logic element or controller can be performed by the same processing logic element or controller. Therefore, reference to a specific functional unit is only a reference to an appropriate manner for providing the described function, rather than representing a strict logical or physical structure or organization.

[0413] Various modifications to the implementations described in this disclosure will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be applied to other implementations without departing from the scope of this disclosure. Therefore, the present disclosure is not intended to be limited to the implementations shown herein, but should be consistent with the widest scope consistent with the novel features and principles disclosed herein, as described in the following claims.

Claims

1. A wireless communication method, comprising: communicating, by the first network node, with the second network node to determine a first measurement, the first measurement corresponding to a first round trip; as well as The first network node communicates with the second network node to determine a second measurement corresponding to a second round trip, wherein a first position of the first network node or a second position of the second network node is determined based at least in part on the first measurement and the second measurement.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first measurement and the second measurement are sent to a location management function (LMF), and the LMF determines the first location of the first network node or the second location of the second network node based on at least one of the first measurement or the second measurement.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one of the first network node or the second network node determines the first position of the first network node or the second position of the second network node based on at least one of the first measurement or the second measurement.

4. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: At least one of assistance data, a capability request, or a measurement result request is received by the first network node from a location management function (LMF), and at least one of the following: The assistance data includes: transmission parameters of a sidelink positioning reference signal (SL-PRS) to be sent by the first network node, information related to the positioning method, and quality of service (QoS) requirements; The measurement result request includes: a request for the first network node to provide information related to the SL-PRS sent by the first network node; or The capability request includes at least one of the following: a request for the first network node to provide information related to whether multi-RTT is supported by the first network node, or a request for the first network node to enable a multi-RTT function.

5. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: The first network node sends at least one of a capability report, an assistance data request, or a measurement result report to a location management function (LMF), wherein at least one of the following: The assistance data request comprises: a request for transmission parameters of a Sidelink Positioning Reference Signal (SL-PRS) to be sent by the first network node; The measurement result report includes at least one of the first measurement or the second measurement, and each of the first measurement or the second measurement includes at least one of the following: signal strength, a single-sided RTT (SS-RTT) reception-to-transmission time difference, or a SS-RTT measurement timestamp; or The capability report includes: information related to whether one-sided multi-RTT is supported by the first network node, or information related to the multi-RTT function of the first network node.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the base station sends at least one of the following to a location management function (LMF): assistance data or sidelink positioning reference signal (SL-PRS) configuration data.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein a location management function (LMF) sends at least one item of sidelink positioning reference signal (SL-PRS) transmission characteristic information to the base station.

8. According to the method of claim 1, the first network node sends a capability report, and the capability report includes at least one of the following: an indication of whether bilateral multi-RTT or multi-side multi-RTT is supported, or an indication of the type of multi-RTT supported.

9. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: Control information is received by the first network node, wherein the control information includes at least one of the following: for determining a configuration for at least one of the first round trip or the second round trip; for determining a trigger for at least one of the first round trip or the second round trip; activating at least one of: determining the first round trip or determining the second round trip; or Deactivate at least one of: determining the first round trip or determining the second round trip.

10. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: Control information is received by the first network node, wherein the control information includes at least one of the following: determining an indication of at least one of the first measurement or determining the second measurement; whether the first measurement or the second measurement is required for feedback; or An identifier (ID) for both the first measurement and the second measurement.

11. The method according to claim 1, wherein Communicating, by the first network node and the second network node, to determine the first measurement includes: The first network node sends a first message to the second network node; as well as receiving, by the first network node, a first response to the first message from the second network node; and Communicating, by the first network node, with the second network node to determine the second measurement includes: receiving, by the first network node, a second message from the second network node; as well as A second response to the second message is sent by the first network node to the second network node.

12. The method according to claim 1, wherein Communicating, by the first network node and the second network node, to determine the first measurement includes: The first network node sends a first message to the second network node; as well as receiving, by the first network node, a first response to the first message from the second network node; and Communicating, by the first network node, with the second network node to determine the second measurement includes: Sending, by the first network node, a second message to the second network node; as well as A second response to the second message is received by the first network node from the second network node.

13. The method according to claim 1, wherein Communicating, by the first network node and the second network node, to determine the first measurement includes: The first network node sends a first message to the second network node; as well as receiving, by the first network node, a first response to the first message from the second network node; and Communicating, by the first network node, with the second network node to determine the second measurement includes: A second message is sent by the first network node to the second network node in response to receiving the first response.

14. The method of claim 13, wherein the second message is sent at a time when the first response is received by the first network node.

15. The method according to claim 13, further comprising: A third message is received by the first network node from the second network node in response to the second message, wherein the second message and the third message correspond to a third round trip.

16. The method of claim 1, wherein each of the first measurement or the second measurement comprises a reception-to-transmission time difference as a time difference between a sidelink positioning reference signal (SL-PRS) reception time and a SL-PRS transmission time; The method further comprises: A total reception-to-transmission time difference for each of the first measurement or the second measurement is determined based on a sum of a first reception-to-transmission time having a higher granularity and a second reception-to-transmission time having a lower granularity.

17. The method according to claim 16, wherein The higher granularity is defined by the coarser resolution step size and the first reporting range; and The lower granularity is defined by a finer resolution step size based on the granularity factor and a second reporting range.

18. The method of claim 1, further comprising: A reception-to-transmission time difference is determined based on transmission characteristics of the first network node and the second network node.

19. The method of claim 1, further comprising: A preferred response time is communicated by the first network node and the second network node, the preferred response time being applied by the first network node and the second network node prior to communicating to determine the first measurement and the second measurement.

20. The method of claim 1, further comprising: The first network node sends a measurement result report, where the measurement result report includes: the first measurement and the second measurement; an identifier (ID) shared by the first network node and the second network node; a measurement timestamp, the measurement timestamp defining a time at which the first measurement or the second measurement was determined; and An ID indicating a group of related measurements.

21. The method of claim 20, wherein the first measurement, the second measurement, a transmission configuration of a signal used in determining the first measurement and the second measurement, and the measurement timestamp are associated with one another.

22. The method of claim 1, further comprising: A measurement time window is determined, wherein within the measurement time window, the communication for determining the first measurement and the communication for determining the second measurement are performed.

23. The method of claim 1, wherein The first network node is a wireless communication device and the second network node is a base station; The method further comprises: Control information is received by the first network node, wherein the control information includes at least one of the following: a configuration for determining a sequence of the first round trip and the second round trip; a trigger for determining the sequence of the first round trip and the second round trip; activating said sequence of said first round trip and said second round trip; or The sequence of the first round trip and the second round trip is deactivated.

24. The method of claim 1, wherein The first network node is a wireless communication device and the second network node is a base station; The method further comprises: Control information is received by the first network node, wherein the control information includes at least one of the following: an indication of an order of determining the first measurement or determining the second measurement; whether the first measurement or the second measurement is required for feedback; or An identifier (ID) of a process used to determine at least one of the first measurement or the second measurement.

25. The method of claim 1, wherein The first network node is a wireless communication device and the second network node is a base station; Each of the first measurement or the second measurement comprises a reception-to-transmission time difference as a time difference between a signal reception time and a signal transmission time; The method further comprises: A total reception-to-transmission time difference for each of the first measurement or the second measurement is determined based on a sum of a first reception-to-transmission time having a higher granularity and a second reception-to-transmission time having a lower granularity.

26. The method of claim 1, further comprising: communicating, by the first network node, with a third network node to determine a third measurement, the third measurement corresponding to a third round trip; as well as The first network node communicates with the third network node to determine a fourth measurement corresponding to a fourth round trip, wherein the first position of the first network node is determined based at least in part on the first measurement, the second measurement, the third measurement, and the fourth measurement.

27. A wireless communication device comprising at least one processor and a memory, wherein the at least one processor is configured to: read code from the memory and implement the method according to claim 1.

28. A computer program product comprising computer readable program medium code stored thereon, which, when executed by at least one processor, causes the at least one processor to implement the method according to claim 1.

29. A wireless communication method, comprising: determining, by a network entity, a first measurement corresponding to a first round trip of communications between a first network node and a second network node; determining, by the network entity, a second measurement corresponding to a second round trip of communications between the first network node and the second network node; A first position of the first network node or a second position of the second network node is determined, by the network entity, based at least in part on the first measurement and the second measurement.

30. A wireless communication device comprising at least one processor and a memory, wherein the at least one processor is configured to: read code from the memory and implement the method according to claim 29.

31. A computer program product comprising computer readable program medium code stored thereon, which, when executed by at least one processor, causes the at least one processor to implement the method according to claim 29.

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