A cultivation method for reducing salt and alkali of cotton in saline-alkali soil

Abstract

This application discloses a method for cultivating cotton in saline-alkali land to reduce salinity and alkalinity, relating to the field of cotton planting technology. The method includes the following steps: deep plowing and applying base fertilizer to the cotton field, followed by irrigation to create a soil-free environment for sowing; sowing cotton using direct seeding with plastic film mulching and machine-harvested cotton planting, controlling the sowing depth to 2.5–3.5 cm, the soil covering width to 5–7 cm, the soil covering thickness to 0.5–1 cm, the 1-seed rate to ≥95%, and the empty seed rate to ≤3%; post-sowing management during the seedling stage, including timely cultivation, and foliar fertilization at the cotyledon to 2-leaf stage, 3–4-leaf stage, and 4-leaf stage; water and fertilizer management during the budding stage, including cultivation and foliar fertilization; drip irrigation and fertilization during the boll-forming stage, including timely topping, and additional fertilization to regulate plant shape, with separate fertilization for premature aging and excessive vegetative growth; and pest and weed control during the sowing period. The cultivation method described in this application is applicable to saline-alkali cotton fields in Xinjiang and is an effective means to increase cotton yield and improve soil conditions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of cotton planting technology, and in particular to a method for cultivating cotton in saline-alkali land to reduce salinity and alkalinity. Background Technology

[0002] The formation of saline soil is a complex and dynamic process involving the combined effects of geology, topography, climate, and human activities. High salt content in saline soil leads to poor physical structure, low microbial activity, easy compaction, poor water retention, and low fertility, thus affecting plant nutrient and water absorption, failing to meet normal physiological needs, inhibiting crop growth, and severely restricting sustainable agricultural development. Saline soil is distributed in low-lying, flat inland areas with high groundwater levels, and in semi-humid, semi-arid, and arid climates, such as Northwest my country, mainly in Xinjiang, Gansu, and Qinghai provinces. In Xinjiang, the total area of ​​saline soil reaches as high as 1.4 × 10⁻⁶ hm². 2 Xinjiang has abundant heat but an arid climate with scarce rainfall, high soil evaporation rates, and shallow groundwater, which easily leads to salt accumulation and exacerbates soil salinization. This eventually results in a salinized area, primarily composed of calcium carbonate (Ca). 2+ Mg 2 + Na + K + Cl - SO4 2- HCO 3- CO3 2- In saline soils dominated by plasma, salt frost forms as these ions accumulate and precipitate onto the soil surface, resulting in a white appearance.

[0003] Cotton is an important economic crop in my country. Xinjiang's climate is suitable for cotton growth, especially its hot and dry summers, providing an excellent environment for cotton development. Therefore, Xinjiang is my country's largest cotton-producing region. However, saline-alkali soil is also a major obstacle to cotton production in Xinjiang. In cotton production on saline-alkali land in Xinjiang, a combination of urea, ammonium phosphate, and potassium chloride is often applied, using drip irrigation and sprinkler irrigation to leach the soil and reduce salinity. While traditional leaching methods can effectively reduce soil salinity, they require large amounts of water and a good drainage system. Xinjiang's saline-alkali areas are inland areas with scarce water resources, making it impossible to support large-scale salinity reduction efforts. Therefore, the effects on improving cotton quality and yield in Xinjiang's saline-alkali land management are not very significant. Thus, it is necessary to further improve the integrated measures for saline-alkali land improvement and cotton cultivation in Xinjiang, adopting effective irrigation and desalination technologies to increase cotton yield and water use efficiency. Based on this, this application proposes a method for reducing salinity in cotton cultivation on saline-alkali land. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The main purpose of this application is to provide a cultivation method for cotton in saline-alkali land with reduced salinity and alkali content, aiming to solve the technical problems of existing methods in the treatment of saline-alkali land in Xinjiang and the need to improve cotton yield.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this application proposes a cultivation method for cotton in saline-alkali land to reduce salinity and alkalinity, such as... Figure 1 As shown, it includes the following steps:

[0006] S1. Deeply plow the cotton field and apply base fertilizer, then irrigate to generate entropy, and obtain the cotton field to be sown;

[0007] S2. Sow cotton in the cotton field to be sown using direct seeding with plastic film mulching and machine-harvested cotton planting mode, and control the sowing depth to be 2.5-3.5cm, the soil covering width to be 5-7cm, the soil covering thickness to be 0.5-1cm, the 1-seed rate to be ≥95%, and the empty hole rate to be ≤3%.

[0008] S3. Conduct post-sowing management during the cotton seedling stage and cultivate the soil in a timely manner. At the same time, apply foliar fertilizer according to the cotton cotyledon stage to 2-leaf stage, 3-4-leaf stage and 4-leaf stage respectively.

[0009] S4. During the cotton budding stage, water and fertilizer management should be carried out, as well as inter-row cultivation and foliar fertilization.

[0010] S5. During the cotton flowering and boll-forming stage, apply drip irrigation fertilizer according to the plant conditions, and top the plants in a timely manner. At the same time, apply additional fertilizer to regulate the plant shape, and apply fertilizer separately for plants with premature aging or excessive vegetative growth.

[0011] S6. Control pests, diseases and weeds during the sowing period.

[0012] Optionally, the step of deep plowing the cotton field, applying base fertilizer, and then irrigating to generate entropy includes:

[0013] After preparing the cotton field, deep plow it to a depth of 30-35 cm;

[0014] The cotton fields were divided into northern Xinjiang cotton fields and southern Xinjiang cotton fields. For the northern Xinjiang cotton fields, farmyard manure was applied at a rate of 2-3 tons / mu, and compound fertilizer was applied at a rate of 25-30 kg / mu. Then, 10 days before sowing, fertilizer was applied at a rate of 40-60 m³. 3 Irrigation is carried out at a rate of / mu (unit of land area);

[0015] For the cotton fields in southern Xinjiang, apply manure at a rate of 1-2 tons / mu or oil residue at a rate of 0.1-0.2 tons / mu, while simultaneously applying the first compound fertilizer at a rate of 30-40 kg / mu. Then, 10 days before sowing, apply 500-650 ml of the first compound fertilizer. 3 Irrigation is carried out at a rate of / mu (unit of land area);

[0016] The first compound fertilizer is a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer, wherein the nitrogen content is 20%, the phosphorus content is 15%, and the potassium content is 5%.

[0017] Optionally, the step of sowing cotton using the direct seeding and mulching method and the machine-harvested cotton planting mode includes:

[0018] The direct seeding method with plastic film mulching is adopted. When the soil temperature at 5cm depth exceeds 14℃ under the mulching condition, cotton is sown using a one-film-6-row or one-film-3-row planting pattern, and a light-receiving strip of ≥5cm is set on the outer side of the edge row.

[0019] Optionally, the steps of post-sowing management during the cotton seedling stage, timely cultivation, and applying foliar fertilizer according to the cotton cotyledon-2-leaf stage, 3-4-leaf stage, and 4-leaf stage include:

[0020] During the cotton seedling stage, drip irrigation should be applied, and water-soluble fertilizer containing macro-elements should be applied at a rate of 3-5 kg / mu. After emergence, timely cultivation should be carried out 1-2 times.

[0021] Then, during the cotton cotyledon stage to the 2-leaf stage, spray the leaves with amino acid water-soluble fertilizer at a rate of 30-50g / mu.

[0022] Apply the amino acid water-soluble fertilizer as a foliar spray at a rate of 50-60 g / mu when the cotton is in the 3-4 leaf stage.

[0023] Apply micronutrient water-soluble fertilizer to the leaves of cotton at a rate of 50g / mu during the 4-leaf stage;

[0024] The amino acid water-soluble fertilizer contains nitrogen content ≥390g / L, amino acid content ≥3g / L, and pH value 2-3; the trace element water-soluble fertilizer contains iron, manganese, zinc, boron, and molybdenum.

[0025] Optionally, after step S3, the method further includes:

[0026] When cotton seedlings are weak, apply the aforementioned water-soluble fertilizer containing macro-elements foliar spray 1-2 times at a rate of 2-3 kg / mu.

[0027] Optionally, the steps of water and fertilizer management during the cotton budding stage, including inter-row cultivation and foliar fertilization, include:

[0028] After determining the first irrigation time based on field soil moisture and seedling condition during the cotton budding stage, drip irrigation should be carried out every 7-10 days, while simultaneously applying the aforementioned water-soluble fertilizer containing macro-elements, drip irrigation fertilizer, and the aforementioned water-soluble amino acid fertilizer. The dosage of the aforementioned water-soluble fertilizer containing macro-elements is 3-4 kg / mu, the dosage of the aforementioned drip irrigation fertilizer is 2-3 kg / mu, and the dosage of the aforementioned water-soluble amino acid fertilizer is 30-50 g / mu.

[0029] Apply the amino acid water-soluble fertilizer at a rate of 60-80 g / mu during the cotton budding stage; apply the amino acid water-soluble fertilizer at a rate of 80-100 g / mu during the cotton full budding stage, and simultaneously use 0.3-0.5 g / mu in combination with mepiquat chloride; apply the amino acid water-soluble fertilizer twice during the cotton initial flowering stage, at rates of 150-200 g / mu and 200-300 g / mu respectively, and simultaneously use 1-1.5 g / mu in combination with mepiquat chloride each time.

[0030] If the cotton field soil type is loam or clay, cultivate it 1-2 times during the cotton budding stage; if the cotton field soil type is sandy loam, cultivate it once or not during the cotton budding stage; the cultivation depth is 16-18cm.

[0031] Foliar fertilization of cotton involves spraying the micronutrient water-soluble fertilizer at a rate of 100g / mu, and applying a second compound fertilizer to the leaves 1-2 times at a rate of 100-200g / mu for weak seedlings.

[0032] The drip irrigation fertilizer is a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer with a nitrogen content of 22%, a phosphorus content of 13%, and a potassium content of 10%; the second compound fertilizer is a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer with a nitrogen content of 10%, a phosphorus content of 30%, and a potassium content of 20%.

[0033] Optionally, the step of applying drip irrigation fertilizer according to entropy conditions during the cotton flowering and boll-forming stage includes:

[0034] Apply the aforementioned drip irrigation fertilizer at a rate of 3-5 kg / mu during the early flowering stage of cotton. Then, in July, apply the aforementioned drip irrigation fertilizer once every 5-6 days at a rate of 7-10 kg / mu. In August, apply the aforementioned drip irrigation fertilizer once every 7-10 days. From late August to early September, apply the second compound fertilizer twice at a rate of 2-5 kg / mu.

[0035] Optionally, the step of timely topping and simultaneous fertilization to regulate plant shape includes:

[0036] For cotton fields in northern Xinjiang, topping should be carried out when the plant height is 60-65cm and the number of fruiting branches is 7 or more; for cotton fields in southern Xinjiang, topping should be carried out when the plant height is 75-90cm and the number of fruiting branches is 9 or more.

[0037] Before and during the peak flowering period of cotton, apply the amino acid water-soluble fertilizer by drip at a rate of 300-500 g / mu to regulate plant type; during the peak flowering period of cotton, apply the amino acid water-soluble fertilizer by drip at a rate of 200-400 g / mu, and simultaneously use chlormequat chloride at a rate of 1.5-3 g / mu; 5 days after topping, when the top fruiting branches have grown to 5-7 cm, apply the amino acid water-soluble fertilizer by drip at a rate of 200-400 g / mu, and simultaneously use chlormequat chloride at a rate of 2-3 g / mu.

[0038] Optionally, the step of applying fertilizer separately to target premature aging and excessive vegetative growth includes:

[0039] For cotton fields showing signs of premature aging, apply the second compound fertilizer once every 7 to 10 days at a rate of 3 kg / mu, and then apply the drip irrigation fertilizer at a rate of 1 to 2 kg / mu, and delay the time of the final irrigation.

[0040] For cotton fields with excessively green growth, when applying the aforementioned drip irrigation fertilizer in July and August, replace the drip irrigation fertilizer with the second compound fertilizer, control the amount of residual water, and stop irrigation earlier.

[0041] Optionally, the step of controlling pests, diseases, and weeds during sowing includes:

[0042] Spray herbicide before harrowing, and mix the herbicide evenly with the soil to a depth of 8-12cm. After the cotton seedlings emerge, cultivate the soil 1-2 more times.

[0043] When plants infected with Fusarium wilt appear, remove them and take them out of the field for destruction. At the same time, apply 50% carbendazim and the second compound fertilizer.

[0044] Pests are controlled by a combination of chemical and biological control methods.

[0045] This application includes at least the following beneficial effects:

[0046] This application targets cotton cultivation in saline-alkali land in Xinjiang. First, after deep plowing and applying sufficient base fertilizer, irrigation is carried out to reduce topsoil evaporation, improve soil structure, and thus lower soil salinity. Then, direct seeding with plastic film mulching and machine-harvested cotton are employed to improve sowing quality. Plastic film mulching increases water penetration depth and reduces evaporation, thereby regulating soil water and salt movement and inhibiting the accumulation of soil salts on the surface, thus reducing surface soil salinity. Post-sowing management and targeted fertilization are implemented at the seedling, budding, and boll-forming stages to increase cotton yield and improve quality. Furthermore, water and fertilizer management alters soil porosity, improves soil permeability, and activates the soil. Nutrients are applied to the soil, allowing salts to be absorbed and transferred through processes such as replacement and neutralization, creating a favorable environment for root growth. Fertilization management is then applied separately to cotton fields exhibiting premature aging or excessive vegetative growth. Simultaneously, pest and weed control is implemented during the planting process to prevent premature aging and excessive vegetative growth, promote robust boll development and seed production, improve quality and yield, and foster stable growth. The cotton cultivated under this method exhibits excellent performance in terms of plant type, lodging resistance, and boll quantity, significantly increasing cotton yield. Furthermore, it improves soil physicochemical properties, reduces the pH value of the root microenvironment in saline-alkali soils, and lowers soil salinity. Verification has shown that this cultivation method is suitable for saline-alkali cotton fields in Xinjiang and is an effective means to increase cotton yield and improve soil conditions. Attached Figure Description

[0047] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without creative effort.

[0048] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the method for cultivating cotton in saline-alkali land to reduce salinity and alkalinity, as described in the embodiments of this application;

[0049] Figure 2 This is a comparison diagram of cotton plant and leaf morphology as described in the embodiments of this application;

[0050] Figure 3 This is a comparative diagram of the cross-section of the cotton stem as described in the embodiments of this application.

[0051] The realization of the purpose, functional features and advantages of this application will be further explained in conjunction with the embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. Detailed Implementation

[0052] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0053] Commonly used methods for reducing salinity and alkalinity in existing technologies include physical, chemical, biological, and irrigation / drainage methods. Physical methods primarily involve altering the physical structure of the topsoil, such as deep burial of straw, mulching, tillage to conserve moisture, deep plowing and fertilization, and land leveling, to increase water infiltration depth and reduce evaporation, thereby regulating soil water and salt movement and inhibiting the accumulation of soil salts on the surface through evaporation. Chemical methods mainly involve adding amendments to saline soils, such as calcium-containing materials and acidic materials, to induce chemical reactions in the soil, such as displacement and neutralization, which allow the salts to be expelled with water. Simultaneously, these methods alter soil porosity, improve soil permeability, enhance soil structure, and inhibit salt accumulation on the surface. Biological methods primarily involve planting salt-absorbing, salt-tolerant, and salt-secreting plants, such as Suaeda salsa, Eupatorium fortunei, Sesbania sesquiteriensis, Phragmites communis, Leymus chinensis, and Tamarix chinensis, directly or indirectly on saline soils. These plants utilize their root systems to improve the physical and chemical properties of the saline soil, thereby absorbing and transferring soil salts, reducing topsoil evaporation, and improving soil structure. Irrigation-drainage leaching desalination leverages the characteristics of soil water and salt movement. It involves constructing relevant water conservancy facilities to create favorable drainage conditions. Irrigation combined with drainage methods such as open ditches, underground pipes, and wells dissolves soluble salt ions in the soil surface, allowing them to infiltrate into drainage ditches or deeper soil layers, thus reducing the salinity of the surface soil.

[0054] However, physical methods are time-consuming and not very effective in improving saline-alkali land in Xinjiang. Chemical methods, such as the traditional application of calcium sulfate, can neutralize acidic substances in the soil and reduce salinity, but the application rate is high, the cost is high, and calcium precipitation can occur. Excessive application can also damage the soil structure and cause soil compaction. Biological methods, such as halophytes, can absorb soil salts, but Xinjiang is vast, the cost is high, and the process is long and slow. Traditional leaching desalination methods can effectively reduce soil salinity, but they require large amounts of water and a good drainage system. Xinjiang's saline-alkali areas are inland areas with scarce water resources, which cannot support large-scale desalination and salinization efforts.

[0055] To address the technical problems existing in the prior art, embodiments of this application provide a method for cultivating cotton in saline-alkali land to reduce salinity and alkalinity, comprising the following steps:

[0056] S0, Variety Selection

[0057] Select high-yielding, resistant to Verticillium wilt, and high-quality early- to mid-maturing cotton varieties that are early-maturing, have a plant type of I-II, moderate leaf size, strong adaptability, and are resistant to Verticillium wilt.

[0058] S1, Pre-broadcast Preparation

[0059] S10. Deep Tillage of Cotton Fields: After preparing the cotton field, deep tillage to a depth of 30-35 cm is carried out. The quality requirements for land preparation are: even, level, loose, broken, clean, and moist. After each operation, residual stubble and plastic film should be picked up.

[0060] S11. Apply sufficient base fertilizer: Divide the cotton fields into northern Xinjiang cotton fields and southern Xinjiang cotton fields. For the northern Xinjiang cotton fields, apply farmyard manure at a rate of 2-3 tons / mu and apply compound fertilizer at a rate of 25-30 kg / mu. For the southern Xinjiang cotton fields, apply farmyard manure at a rate of 1-2 tons / mu or oil residue at a rate of 0.1-0.2 tons / mu and apply compound fertilizer at a rate of 30-40 kg / mu.

[0061] S12, Entropy Generation: In cotton fields in northern Xinjiang, 40-60m... 3 Irrigate at a rate of 500-650 cubic meters per mu (approximately 333-433 cubic meters per hectare) 10 days before sowing; irrigate cotton fields in southern Xinjiang at a rate of 500-650 cubic meters per mu (approximately 333-433 cubic meters per hectare). 3 Irrigation should be carried out at a rate of 100-150 cubic meters per mu (unit of land area), with 100-150 cubic meters used for water storage and salt suppression in winter or spring. 3 / mu.

[0062] S2, Sowing

[0063] S21. Sowing can be carried out when the soil temperature at a depth of 5cm is consistently above 14℃ under the mulching method.

[0064] S22. Cotton is sown using either a 6-row / 1-film planting pattern or a 3-row / 1-film planting pattern. The 6-row / 1-film planting pattern is characterized by a row spacing of 66+10+66+10+66+10cm, a plant spacing of 10cm, and a density of 16,718 plants / mu. The 3-row / 1-film planting pattern is characterized by an equal row spacing of 76cm and a plant spacing of 5.5cm.

[0065] S23. Control the sowing depth to 2.5–3.5 cm, the soil covering width to 5–7 cm, and the soil covering thickness to 0.5–1 cm. The single-seed rate should be ≥95%, the empty-hole rate ≤3%, and a light-receiving strip of ≥5 cm should be set on the outer side of the row. The sowing rows should be straight, the joints should be accurate, and sowing should reach the edge and end.

[0066] Cotton should be managed in stages after sowing:

[0067] S3, Seedling stage

[0068] S31. During the cotton seedling stage, drip irrigation should be applied, and water-soluble fertilizer containing macro-elements should be applied at a rate of 3-5 kg / mu. Misplaced cotton seedlings should be released in time. After the cotton seedlings are released, the holes should be sealed in time. After sealing, the film surface should be kept clean and the light-receiving area should be large.

[0069] S32. After emergence, cultivate the soil 1-2 times as appropriate. Depending on the actual weather conditions and the target progress, early cultivation and shallow cultivation should be carried out.

[0070] S33. Apply amino acid water-soluble fertilizer to the leaves of cotton at a rate of 30-50 g / mu during the cotyledon to 2-leaf stage; apply the amino acid water-soluble fertilizer to the leaves of cotton at a rate of 50-60 g / mu during the 3-4-leaf stage; and apply micronutrient water-soluble fertilizer to the leaves of cotton at a rate of 50 g / mu during the 4-leaf stage.

[0071] S34. When weak seedlings appear during the cotton seedling stage, apply the above-mentioned water-soluble fertilizer containing macro-elements 1-2 times on the leaves at a rate of 2-3 kg / mu.

[0072] Specifically, the cotton emergence water, also known as dry-sowing wet-emergence water, is the water dripped once after sowing when the soil is dry before sowing and before the seedlings emerge.

[0073] S4, bud stage

[0074] S41. Determine the first irrigation time based on soil moisture and seedling condition. For cotton fields with weak seedlings, irrigate earlier and for fields with vigorous seedlings, delay irrigation. Drip irrigation should be applied every 7-10 days, while simultaneously applying the aforementioned water-soluble fertilizer containing macro-elements, drip irrigation fertilizer, and the aforementioned water-soluble amino acid fertilizer. The dosage of the aforementioned water-soluble fertilizer containing macro-elements is 3-4 kg / mu, the dosage of the aforementioned drip irrigation fertilizer is 2-3 kg / mu, and the dosage of the aforementioned water-soluble amino acid fertilizer is 30-50 g / mu.

[0075] S42. Based on the seedling condition, apply the amino acid water-soluble fertilizer at a rate of 60-80 g / mu during the cotton budding stage; apply the amino acid water-soluble fertilizer at a rate of 80-100 g / mu during the cotton full budding stage, and simultaneously apply mepiquat chloride at a rate of 0.3-0.5 g / mu in cotton fields with vigorous seedlings; apply the amino acid water-soluble fertilizer twice during the cotton initial flowering stage, at rates of 150-200 g / mu and 200-300 g / mu respectively, and simultaneously apply mepiquat chloride at a rate of 1-1.5 g / mu in cotton fields with vigorous seedlings each time.

[0076] Specifically, chlormequat chloride is a plant growth regulator. When used in combination with the amino acid water-soluble fertilizer of this application, it has a delaying effect on the vegetative growth of cotton. It can be absorbed through cotton leaves and roots and transported to the whole plant, reducing the activity of gibberellins in cotton plants, thereby inhibiting cell elongation, weakening the growth of terminal buds, controlling the longitudinal and lateral growth of cotton, shortening cotton internodes, making the plant compact, the leaves darker, the leaf area reduced, and enhancing chlorophyll synthesis to prevent excessive growth of cotton.

[0077] S43. If the cotton field soil type is loam or clay, cultivate 1 to 2 times during the cotton budding stage; if the cotton field soil type is sandy loam, cultivate once or not during the cotton budding stage; the cultivation depth is 16 to 18 cm.

[0078] S44. Apply foliar fertilizer to cotton plants, spraying the micronutrient water-soluble fertilizer at a rate of 100g / mu, and for weak seedlings, apply a second compound fertilizer to the leaves 1-2 times at a rate of 100-200g / mu.

[0079] S5, Flowering Bell Season

[0080] S51. Based on the entropy, apply the drip irrigation fertilizer at a rate of 3-5 kg / mu in the early flowering stage of cotton. Then, in July, apply the drip irrigation fertilizer once every 5-6 days at a rate of 7-10 kg / mu. In August, apply the drip irrigation fertilizer once every 7-10 days. From late August to early September, apply the second compound fertilizer twice at a rate of 2-5 kg / mu.

[0081] S52. For cotton fields in northern Xinjiang, topping should be carried out when the plant height is 60-65cm and the number of fruiting branches is 7 or more; for cotton fields in southern Xinjiang, topping should be carried out when the plant height is 75-90cm and the number of fruiting branches is 9 or more. Topping should be completed by mid-July.

[0082] S53. During the pre-flowering to full-flowering stage of cotton, apply the amino acid water-soluble fertilizer by drip at a rate of 300-500g / mu to regulate plant type; during the full-flowering stage of cotton, apply the amino acid water-soluble fertilizer by drip at a rate of 200-400g / mu, and at the same time, in cotton fields with vigorous seedlings, use chlormequat chloride at a rate of 1.5-3g / mu; 5 days after topping, when the top fruiting branches have grown to 5-7cm, apply the amino acid water-soluble fertilizer by drip at a rate of 200-400g / mu, and at the same time, use chlormequat chloride at a rate of 2-3g / mu, for two consecutive chemical regulation applications.

[0083] S54. For cotton fields with a tendency to premature aging, apply the second compound fertilizer once every 7 to 10 days at a rate of 3 kg / mu, and then apply the drip irrigation fertilizer at a rate of 1 to 2 kg / mu to prevent nutrient deficiency during the flowering and boll-forming period, delay the time of tail irrigation, and inhibit premature aging and the occurrence of Verticillium wilt.

[0084] For cotton fields with excessive vegetative growth, which are prone to occur under high temperatures, when applying the aforementioned drip irrigation fertilizer in July and August, replace the drip irrigation fertilizer with the second compound fertilizer, control the amount of residual water, and stop irrigation earlier.

[0085] S6. Control pests, diseases and weeds during the sowing period.

[0086] S61, Weeds

[0087] Before harrowing, spray herbicide to seal the soil. After harrowing, mix the herbicide into the soil to a depth of about 10 cm to ensure that the herbicide is evenly mixed with the soil. After the cotton seedlings emerge, cultivate the soil 1-2 times as appropriate, depending on the cotton growth, climate, and soil conditions.

[0088] Specifically, the herbicide used is 33% pendimethalin, with a spraying rate of 180-200 g / mu.

[0089] S62, Fusarium wilt disease

[0090] Select disease-resistant varieties, implement crop rotation, autumn plowing and winter irrigation, treat seeds, and strengthen seedling management. When wilt diseased plants first appear, remove them promptly and destroy them outside the field. At the same time, apply a mixture of 50% carbendazim and the second compound fertilizer to promote growth.

[0091] S63. Use chemical control combined with biological control methods to control pests.

[0092] (1) Targeting cotton thrips, cutworms, and aphids:

[0093] After the seedlings have emerged completely, timely application of pesticides for prevention is recommended. Biological pesticides such as imidacloprid and acetamiprid can be used.

[0094] (2) Targeting cotton aphids:

[0095] Biological control should be the primary method, employing physical control methods such as yellow sticky traps and chemical control to protect and utilize natural enemies and fully leverage the role of biological control. At the same time, based on the beneficial-to-harm ratio, when the beneficial-to-harm ratio exceeds 1:150 and the leaf curling rate is >30%, chemical spraying can be considered for control.

[0096] (3) Targeting bollworm:

[0097] Select insect-resistant varieties;

[0098] Physical control methods include winter plowing and irrigation, planting corn traps, using pheromone traps, and using frequency-vibrating insecticidal lamps to attract adult insects.

[0099] Biological control: utilizing natural enemies;

[0100] Chemical control: Spray abamectin, pyrethroids, organophosphates, and mixed pesticides.

[0101] (4) Targeting spider mites:

[0102] The main approach is spot treatment, targeting cotton plants with yellow-white spots, yellow-red spots, or reddening leaves. At the same time, spray with pesticides such as abamectin, propargite, and thiamethoxam to control cotton thrips and aphids. Winter plowing and irrigation are also used to reduce the overwintering insect population density. Weeds along field edges are removed to reduce pest habitats.

[0103] In its specific implementation, the first compound fertilizer described in this application is a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer, wherein the nitrogen content is 20%, the phosphorus content is 15%, and the potassium content is 5%. Its main functions are: to improve the soil, activate nutrients, and create a suitable growth environment for seedlings; to provide balanced nutrient supply in the early stages, and to promote root development and strong seedlings. The main application methods are: during the sowing preparation period, after spring plowing, and before tilling, to evenly apply or broadcast the fertilizer, followed by harrowing, and then sowing; or to sow the seed and fertilizer simultaneously.

[0104] The aforementioned water-soluble fertilizer containing macronutrients is Diyoufu No. 2 liquid water-soluble fertilizer, which contains major elements such as nitrogen (230g / L), phosphorus (120g / L), and potassium (50g / L), as well as trace elements such as calcium, sulfur, magnesium, iron, manganese, and zinc. Its main functions are: to act as an acidic fertilizer, improving the physical and chemical properties of saline-alkali soils, overcoming salinity barriers, activating soil nutrients, and balancing nutrients; to create a favorable root growth environment, promoting root growth and nutrient absorption; to prevent and treat adverse symptoms such as yellowing leaves, small leaves, and leaf curling due to iron, zinc, manganese, and boron deficiencies; to promote root growth and strengthen trees, and to nourish roots and promote coordinated growth. The main usage is to determine the dosage based on the soil conditions, seedling conditions, and weather conditions. It can replace some drip irrigation fertilizer and can be used as a seedling fertilizer depending on the salinity level.

[0105] The amino acid water-soluble fertilizer contains ≥390g / L nitrogen, ≥3g / L amino acids, and has a pH of 2-3. Its main functions are: to reduce ineffective growth when used in conjunction with mepiquat chloride; to activate the soil and control excessive growth and shape the plant; to promote root development and seedling vigor, optimizing plant type; and to increase bud and boll production, resulting in stronger stems and bolls. The main application method is: assess soil conditions, seedling condition, and weather; do not apply to weak seedlings or during drought; apply in small amounts multiple times.

[0106] This micronutrient water-soluble fertilizer contains various micronutrients such as iron, manganese, zinc, boron, and molybdenum, as well as appropriate amounts of nitrogen and sulfur. Its main functions are: good absorption, rapid effect, effective prevention of nutrient deficiency symptoms in crops, rapid greening of small yellow leaves, improved disease resistance and stress tolerance, and promotion of healthy crop growth. The main usage is: avoid spraying during hot, dry winds and under direct sunlight; do not spray during flowering or before harvesting; do not mix with calcium, phosphate fertilizers, or alkaline pesticides.

[0107] The drip irrigation fertilizer is a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer, with a nitrogen content of 22%, a phosphorus content of 13%, and a potassium content of 10%. Its main functions are: to improve soil and activate nutrients; to balance the supply of nutrients to cotton and promote robust cotton growth; to promote root and stem growth, bud and boll development, optimize boll formation, and improve quality and yield. The main application method is to determine the appropriate dosage based on weather, soil conditions, and seedling growth, and to apply it via integrated water and fertilizer drip irrigation.

[0108] The second compound fertilizer is a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer, with a nitrogen content of 10%, a phosphorus content of 30%, and a potassium content of 20%. Its main functions are: to balance the supply of nutrients to cotton in the later stages, nourish roots to prevent premature aging and excessive vegetative growth, prevent red leaf disease, promote strong bolls and seeds, and improve quality and yield; it is also used to regulate the nutrition of excessively vigorous seedlings from the budding stage to the boll-opening stage, promoting robust growth. The main application methods are: determine the appropriate dosage based on weather conditions, soil conditions, growth status, and the number of bolls; apply via drip irrigation; or foliar spray, with less in the early stages and more in the later stages.

[0109] The technical solutions described above in this application will be explained in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0110] Example 1

[0111] In Alar City, Xinjiang, the 13th Company of the 9th Regiment of the 1st Division of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps conducted a comparative experiment between the cultivation method proposed in this application and existing cultivation methods. The resulting comparison diagram of cotton plant and leaf morphology is shown below. Figure 2 As shown, where Figure 2 The left image shows cotton obtained using the cultivation method of this application, while the right image shows cotton obtained using existing cultivation methods; and a comparison diagram of cotton stem cross-sections is shown below. Figure 3 As shown, where Figure 3 The cotton on the right is obtained by the cultivation method of this application, and the cotton on the left is obtained by the existing cultivation method.

[0112] Depend on Figure 2 It is evident that, compared to cotton obtained through existing cultivation methods, the cotton cultivated in this application exhibits leaves of moderate size, with alternating and uniform growth, providing adequate foliage coverage from the base to the top of the plant. It also demonstrates superior performance in terms of plant shape, lodging resistance, and boll quantity. Figure 3 It is evident that the cotton cultivated using this method has thicker stems, indicating vigorous growth, ample accumulation of water and nutrients, and stronger resistance to wind, pests, and drought. Furthermore, testing shows that the seed cotton yield of this method can reach 506 kg / 667 m². 2 The yield increase rate can reach 11.2%, and the cotton lint yield can reach 207 kg / 667 m². 2 Compared to existing cultivation methods, the yield increase rate reached 13.7%.

[0113] Experimental Example 1

[0114] 1. Experimental conditions

[0115] The test site was located in a warm temperate extreme continental arid desert climate, and the pH value of the tested soil was 8.2. The soil fertility was uniform and moderate.

[0116] 2. Experimental fertilizer and seeds

[0117] ① First compound fertilizer and drip irrigation fertilizer, granular, in accordance with standard GB / T 15063-2020;

[0118] ② Water-soluble fertilizer containing macro-elements;

[0119] ③The cotton variety tested was Tahe No. 2.

[0120] 3. Test Methods

[0121] Two treatments were set up for the experiment, each covering an area of ​​15 mu. The experimental plots adopted the dry sowing, wet emergence, side sealing, and drip irrigation method for seedling emergence. Sowing was carried out on April 6, 2022, using a machine-harvested cotton planting pattern of 6 rows per film: row spacing (66+10+66+10+66+10) cm, plant spacing of about 10 cm, and about 17,500 plants per mu.

[0122] The processing details are as follows:

[0123] Treatment ①: No water-soluble fertilizer containing macro-elements was applied: On June 29, water was dripped as a control.

[0124] Treatment ②: Drip application of Diyoufu No. 2 liquid macro-element water-soluble fertilizer: On June 29, Diyoufu No. 2 liquid macro-element water-soluble fertilizer was drip applied at a rate of 5L / mu.

[0125] Other cultivation and management measures should be implemented in accordance with local large-scale production practices, with the same measures completed on the same day and controlled consistently.

[0126] Sowing took place on April 6, 2022, and seedlings emerged on April 20. After the experimental treatment on June 29, soil pH was measured at a depth of 15-30 cm. Topping was done manually on July 3, and boll opening began on September 6. Sampling was conducted in plots on October 4, with two sampling points (10 plants each) for treatment ① and three sampling points (10 plants each) for treatment 2. Yellow sticky traps were placed around the cotton field and at 15-meter intervals around the perimeter on May 10. On May 30, 5g of "Fogo" (pymetrozine + thiamethoxam) + 25ml of benzoyl pyraclostrobin diluted in 15kg of water was used for pest and disease control per mu (unit of land area). On July 30, 40ml of 2% emamectin benzoate (18% methoxyfenozide) was used per mu to control cotton bollworms.

[0127] 4. Experimental Results

[0128] The cotton plant heights obtained from different treatments are shown in Table 1 below.

[0129] Table 1

[0130]

[0131]

[0132] As shown in Table 1, after applying Diyoufu No. 2 liquid macro-element water-soluble fertilizer, the plant height of treatment group ② increased by 14.47 cm, with a growth rate of 16.48%; the plant height of treatment group ① increased by 1.45 cm, with a growth rate of 1.74% (the topping time was July 3, and the plant height of both treatments was calculated based on the plant height after topping).

[0133] The cotton yield patterns obtained from different treatments are shown in Table 2 below.

[0134] Table 2

[0135] Group Number of bolls per plant Weight of a single bell (g) Cotton seed weight (g) Treatment ① 4.80 6.51 312.50 Process ② 7.40 6.75 503.00

[0136] As shown in Table 2, the application of Diyoufu No. 2 liquid macro-element water-soluble fertilizer had a certain impact on the number of bolls per plant, the weight of a single boll, and the weight of seed cotton. The cotton yield in treatment group ② was 503 kg / mu, which was 190.50 kg / mu higher than that in treatment group ①, representing a yield increase of 61%. The number of bolls per plant in treatment group ② was 7.4, which was 2.6 more than that in treatment group ①, representing an increase of 54%. The weight of a single boll in treatment group ② was 6.75 g, which was 0.24 more than that in treatment group ①, representing an increase of 4%.

[0137] The effects of different treatments on soil pH in cotton fields are shown in Table 3 below.

[0138] Table 3

[0139] Group pH value before treatment pH value after treatment pH value decrease pH reduction rate (%) Treatment ① 8.3 8.2 0.1 1.20 Process ② 8.3 7.6 0.7 8.43

[0140] As shown in Table 3, the application of Diyoufu No. 2 liquid macro-element water-soluble fertilizer has a certain impact on soil physicochemical properties, especially pH value. In treatment group ②, the soil pH value of cotton plants was 8.3 before treatment and 7.6 after treatment, a decrease of 0.7, with a reduction rate of 8.43%. In treatment group ①, the soil pH value of cotton plants was 8.3 before treatment and 7.2 after treatment, a decrease of 0.1, with a reduction rate of 1.20%.

[0141] 5. Experimental Conclusions

[0142] Applying Diyoufu No. 2 liquid macro-element water-soluble fertilizer to cotton can increase cotton yield and plant height, especially when applied within 50 days, which is beneficial for cotton seedling growth. It can also increase the number of bolls and the weight of each boll, thus increasing cotton yield. The soil pH value was 8.3 without Diyoufu No. 2 application, and 7.6 with drip irrigation of Diyoufu No. 2. This indicates that drip irrigation application of Diyoufu No. 2 can significantly increase cotton yield, improve soil physicochemical properties, and lower the pH value of the root microenvironment for alkaline soil crops.

[0143] Experimental Example 2

[0144] To investigate the application effect of the amino acid water-soluble fertilizer of this application on drip-irrigated cotton fields.

[0145] The experiment was conducted in two companies of the 9th Regiment, 1st Division of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, specifically at Company 14, Branch 10, Unit 403 West (Experimental Site 1) and Company 16, Branch 120 West (Experimental Site 2). The tested product was the amino acid water-soluble fertilizer described in this application. The tested crop was the cotton variety Tahe 2.

[0146] The experiment included three treatments to compare the effects of fertilizer. The details of each treatment are as follows:

[0147] Treatment ① (Control): Apply 5 kg / mu of urea by dripping when the cotton is 6-7 leaf stage, and apply 10 kg / mu of urea by dripping when the cotton is 8-9 leaf stage;

[0148] Treatment ②: When the cotton has 6-7 leaves, apply 5 kg / mu of amino acid water-soluble fertilizer by drip irrigation; when the cotton has 8-9 leaves, continue to apply 10 kg / mu of urea by drip irrigation.

[0149] Treatment ③: Apply amino acid water-soluble fertilizer by drip irrigation when the cotton is 6-7 leaf stage and 8-9 leaf stage, 10 kg / mu each time.

[0150] To ensure the accuracy of the experimental results, except for the fertilization treatment, other field management measures such as sowing, emergence, topping, and pest and disease control were carried out in accordance with local routines to ensure consistency of conditions among the treatments.

[0151] The experimental results are shown in Tables 4 and 5 below.

[0152] Table 4

[0153] Group Number of bolls per plant Weight of a single bell (g) Yield per mu (kg) Treatment ① 6.7 6.22 583.33 Process ② 7.5 6.36 603.6 Processing ③ 7.6 6.33 622.63

[0154] Table 5

[0155] Group pH value before treatment pH value after treatment pH value decrease Reduction rate (%) Treatment ① 8.3 8.1 0.2 2.41 Process ② 8.3 7.5 0.8 9.64 Processing ③ 8.3 7.5 0.8 9.64

[0156] As shown in Tables 4 and 5, the application of the amino acid water-soluble fertilizer of this application in cotton fields in southern Xinjiang can significantly increase cotton yield, with an increase rate of over 5%, and effectively improve soil physicochemical properties, reduce soil pH and salinity, creating a more suitable environment for cotton growth in alkaline soils. Therefore, the amino acid water-soluble fertilizer of this application is suitable for alkaline cotton fields and can effectively increase cotton yield and improve soil conditions.

[0157] The above description is merely an optional embodiment of this application and does not limit the patent scope of this application. Any equivalent structural transformations made based on the inventive concept of this application and the contents of the specification and drawings of this application, or direct / indirect applications in other related technical fields, are included within the patent protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A cultivation method for reducing salinity and alkalinity of cotton in saline-alkali land in Xinjiang, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Deeply plow the cotton field and apply base fertilizer, then irrigate to create soil moisture, and obtain a cotton field ready for sowing; S2. Cotton is sown in the cotton field to be sown using direct seeding with plastic film mulching and machine-harvested cotton planting. The sowing depth is controlled at 2.5-3.5 cm, the soil covering width is 5-7 cm, the soil covering thickness is 0.5-1 cm, the 1-seed rate is ≥95%, and the empty hole rate is ≤3%. S3. Conduct post-sowing management during the cotton seedling stage and cultivate the soil in a timely manner. At the same time, apply foliar fertilizer according to the cotton cotyledon stage to 2-leaf stage, 3-4-leaf stage, and 4-leaf stage respectively. S4. During the cotton budding stage, water and fertilizer management should be carried out, as well as inter-row cultivation and foliar fertilization. S5. During the cotton flowering and boll-forming stage, apply drip irrigation and fertilizer according to soil moisture, and top the plants in a timely manner. At the same time, apply additional fertilizer to regulate plant shape, and apply fertilizer separately for premature aging and excessive vegetative growth. S6. Control pests, diseases and weeds during the sowing period; The steps of post-sowing management during the cotton seedling stage, including timely cultivation and applying foliar fertilizer according to the cotton's cotyledon-2-leaf stage, 3-4-leaf stage, and 4-leaf stage, include: During the cotton seedling stage, drip irrigation should be applied, and water-soluble fertilizer containing macro-elements should be applied at a rate of 3-5 kg / mu. After emergence, timely cultivation should be carried out 1-2 times. Then, during the cotton cotyledon stage to the 2-leaf stage, spray the leaves with amino acid water-soluble fertilizer at a rate of 30-50g / mu. Apply the amino acid water-soluble fertilizer as a foliar spray at a rate of 50-60g / mu when the cotton is in the 3-4 leaf stage. Apply micronutrient water-soluble fertilizer to the leaves of cotton at a rate of 50g / mu during the 4-leaf stage; The amino acid water-soluble fertilizer contains nitrogen ≥390g / L, amino acid content ≥3g / L, and pH value 2-3; the micronutrient water-soluble fertilizer contains iron, manganese, zinc, boron, and molybdenum; the macronutrient water-soluble fertilizer is Diyoufu No. 2 liquid macronutrient water-soluble fertilizer, containing nitrogen 230g / L, phosphorus 120g / L, and potassium 50g / L. The steps of water and fertilizer management during the cotton budding stage, including inter-row cultivation and foliar fertilization, include: After determining the first irrigation time based on field soil moisture and seedling condition during the cotton budding stage, drip irrigation should be carried out every 7-10 days, while simultaneously applying the aforementioned water-soluble fertilizer containing macro-elements, drip irrigation fertilizer, and the aforementioned water-soluble amino acid fertilizer. The dosage of the aforementioned water-soluble fertilizer containing macro-elements is 3-4 kg / mu, the dosage of the aforementioned drip irrigation fertilizer is 2-3 kg / mu, and the dosage of the aforementioned water-soluble amino acid fertilizer is 30-50 g / mu. Apply the amino acid water-soluble fertilizer at a rate of 60-80 g / mu during the cotton budding stage; apply the amino acid water-soluble fertilizer at a rate of 80-100 g / mu during the cotton full budding stage, and simultaneously use 0.3-0.5 g / mu in combination with mepiquat chloride; apply the amino acid water-soluble fertilizer twice during the cotton initial flowering stage, at rates of 150-200 g / mu and 200-300 g / mu respectively, and simultaneously use 1-1.5 g / mu in combination with mepiquat chloride each time. If the cotton field soil type is loam or clay, cultivate 1 to 2 times during the cotton budding stage; if the cotton field soil type is sandy loam, cultivate once or not during the cotton budding stage; the cultivation depth is 16 to 18 cm. Foliar fertilization of cotton involves spraying the micronutrient water-soluble fertilizer at a rate of 100g / mu, and applying a second compound fertilizer to the leaves 1-2 times at a rate of 100-200g / mu for weak seedlings. The drip irrigation fertilizer is a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer with a nitrogen content of 22%, a phosphorus content of 13%, and a potassium content of 10%; the second compound fertilizer is a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer with a nitrogen content of 10%, a phosphorus content of 30%, and a potassium content of 20%.

2. The cultivation method for reducing salinity and alkalinity of cotton in saline-alkali land in Xinjiang according to claim 1, characterized in that, The steps of deep plowing the cotton field, applying base fertilizer, and then irrigating to create soil moisture include: After preparing the cotton field, deep plow it to a depth of 30-35cm. The cotton fields were divided into northern Xinjiang cotton fields and southern Xinjiang cotton fields. For the northern Xinjiang cotton fields, farmyard manure was applied at a rate of 2-3 tons / mu, and compound fertilizer was applied at a rate of 25-30 kg / mu. Then, 10 days before sowing, fertilizer was applied at a rate of 40-60 m³. 3 Irrigation is carried out at a rate of / mu (unit of land area); For the cotton fields in southern Xinjiang, apply manure at a rate of 1-2 tons / mu or oil residue at a rate of 0.1-0.2 tons / mu, while simultaneously applying the first compound fertilizer at a rate of 30-40 kg / mu. Then, 10 days before sowing, apply 500-650 ml of fertilizer. 3 Irrigation is carried out at a rate of / mu (unit of land area); The first compound fertilizer is a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer, wherein the nitrogen content is 20%, the phosphorus content is 15%, and the potassium content is 5%.

3. The cultivation method for reducing salinity and alkalinity of cotton in saline-alkali land in Xinjiang according to claim 1, characterized in that, The steps for cotton sowing using the direct seeding and plastic film mulching method and machine-harvested cotton planting mode include: The direct seeding method with plastic film mulching is adopted. When the soil temperature at 5cm depth exceeds 14℃ under the mulching condition, cotton is sown using a one-film-6-row or one-film-3-row planting pattern, and a light-receiving strip of ≥5cm is set on the outer side of the edge row.

4. The cultivation method for reducing salinity and alkalinity of cotton in saline-alkali land in Xinjiang according to claim 1, characterized in that, Following step S3, the following is also included: When cotton seedlings are weak, apply the aforementioned water-soluble fertilizer containing macro-elements foliar spray 1-2 times at a rate of 2-3 kg / mu.

5. The cultivation method for reducing salinity and alkalinity of cotton in saline-alkali land in Xinjiang according to claim 1, characterized in that, The steps for applying drip irrigation fertilizer according to soil moisture during the cotton flowering and boll-forming stage include: Apply the aforementioned drip irrigation fertilizer at a rate of 3-5 kg / mu during the early flowering stage of cotton. Then, in July, apply the aforementioned drip irrigation fertilizer once every 5-6 days at a rate of 7-10 kg / mu. In August, apply the aforementioned drip irrigation fertilizer once every 7-10 days. From late August to early September, apply the second compound fertilizer twice at a rate of 2-5 kg / mu.

6. The cultivation method for reducing salinity and alkalinity of cotton in saline-alkali land in Xinjiang according to claim 2, characterized in that, The steps of timely topping and simultaneous fertilization to regulate plant shape include: For cotton fields in northern Xinjiang, topping should be carried out when the plant height is 60-65cm and the number of fruiting branches is 7 or more; for cotton fields in southern Xinjiang, topping should be carried out when the plant height is 75-90cm and the number of fruiting branches is 9 or more. Before and during the peak flowering period of cotton, apply the amino acid water-soluble fertilizer by drip at a rate of 300-500g / mu to regulate plant type; during the peak flowering period of cotton, apply the amino acid water-soluble fertilizer by drip at a rate of 200-400g / mu, and simultaneously use chlormequat chloride at a rate of 1.5-3g / mu; 5 days after topping, when the top fruiting branches have grown to 5-7cm, apply the amino acid water-soluble fertilizer by drip at a rate of 200-400g / mu, and simultaneously use chlormequat chloride at a rate of 2-3g / mu.

7. The cultivation method for reducing salinity and alkalinity of cotton in saline-alkali land in Xinjiang according to claim 1, characterized in that, The steps for applying fertilizer separately to address premature aging and excessive vegetative growth include: For cotton fields showing signs of premature aging, apply the second compound fertilizer once every 7 to 10 days at a rate of 3 kg / mu, and then apply the drip irrigation fertilizer at a rate of 1 to 2 kg / mu, while delaying the time of the final irrigation. For cotton fields with excessively green growth, when applying the aforementioned drip irrigation fertilizer in July and August, replace the drip irrigation fertilizer with the second compound fertilizer, control the amount of residual water, and stop irrigation earlier.

8. The cultivation method for reducing salinity and alkalinity of cotton in saline-alkali land in Xinjiang according to claim 1, characterized in that, The steps for controlling pests, diseases, and weeds during sowing include: Spray herbicide before harrowing, and mix the herbicide evenly with the soil to a depth of 8-12cm. After the cotton seedlings emerge, cultivate the soil 1-2 more times. When plants infected with Fusarium wilt appear, remove them and take them out of the field for destruction. At the same time, apply 50% carbendazim and the second compound fertilizer. Pests are controlled by a combination of chemical and biological control methods.

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