Installation method of cross-river pipelines

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of oil and gas pipeline tunnel design, and discloses a method for installing a river-crossing pipeline, comprising: S1, excavating a deep shaft and a shallow shaft on both sides of the river, and excavating a tunnel between the deep shaft and the shallow shaft, the tunnel including a horizontal section directly connected to the deep shaft and an ascending section directly connected to the shallow shaft; S2, excavating a first tunnel on the side of the shallow shaft facing away from the river, and transporting the welded main pipeline from one side of the shallow shaft into the tunnel through the first tunnel, so that the first end of the main pipeline reaches the deep shaft. This technical solution allows the main pipeline to be welded on the ground before being transported into the tunnel, improving the efficiency of fully automated pipeline welding, shortening the construction period, eliminating the need for welding construction space in the tunnel, reducing the tunnel excavation period, and lowering project costs.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of oil and gas pipeline tunnel design, and more specifically to an installation method for a cross-river pipeline. Background Technology

[0002] When long-distance oil and gas pipelines cross rivers using shield tunneling, shield shafts are typically installed on both banks. The launching shaft is used for launching the shield, lowering the pipeline, and transporting materials, while the receiving shaft is used for receiving the shield, dismantling and hoisting it out, or pulling the pipeline back. After the civil engineering of the shield tunnel is completed and passes inspection, pipeline installation is required.

[0003] Currently, the installation of pipelines in existing shield tunnels generally employs two methods: First, the pipelines are welded inside the tunnel. After the pipeline installation in the tunnel's horizontal shaft is completed, hot-bending compensators are installed in the shield shaft, followed by connection welding to the pipelines in the tunnel's horizontal shaft and on the ground outside the shaft. Second, the pipelines are welded inside the shaft. They are typically hoisted down from the launching shaft. Inside the launching shaft, the pipelines undergo fully automated welding, non-destructive testing, and anti-corrosion repair. A traction device is installed in the receiving shaft to pull the pipeline towards the receiving shaft. Each time a pipeline is welded in the launching shaft, the receiving shaft pulls the pipeline once, repeating this process to complete the fully automated welding and installation of the pipelines in the shield tunnel's horizontal shaft. Subsequently, hot-bending compensators are installed in the shaft, similar to the first method.

[0004] To ensure the quality of pipeline welding and improve the safety level of pipeline construction, the construction unit explicitly requires that the pipeline be welded using fully automated methods unless there are special circumstances. Alternatively, in Method Two, the oil and gas pipeline undergoes fully automated welding, non-destructive testing, and anti-corrosion repair within the launching shaft, while a winch is installed in the receiving shaft to pull the pipeline towards the receiving shaft.

[0005] However, the above pipeline installation schemes have the following problems: For Scheme 1, since the pipeline is welded inside the tunnel, which is a confined space, the welding and installation efficiency is low. For the D1422 pipeline, only 6 to 7 joints can be welded per day (24 hours). For Scheme 2, the pipeline needs to be hoisted into the shaft by a gantry crane on the ground. Only one pipeline can be welded at a time in the starting shaft. Then, non-destructive testing and joint repair are carried out. Only after acceptance can the pipeline traction begin. Construction can only be carried out sequentially, resulting in a long construction period. For the D1422 pipeline, the welding efficiency is only 1.5 to 2 joints per day. In addition, the receiving shaft is buried at a large depth, the shaft construction period is long, and the project cost is high. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the problems of long construction period and high project cost of cross-river pipelines in the existing technology.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a method for installing a cross-river pipeline, characterized in that it includes:

[0008] S1. Deep shafts and shallow shafts are excavated on both sides of the river, and a tunnel is excavated between the deep shafts and the shallow shafts. The tunnel includes a horizontal section directly connected to the deep shafts and an ascending section directly connected to the shallow shafts.

[0009] S2. On the side of the shallow shaft facing away from the river, a first tunnel is excavated, and the welded main pipeline is transported from one side of the shallow shaft to the tunnel through the first tunnel, so that the first end of the main pipeline reaches the deep shaft.

[0010] In some implementations, it also includes:

[0011] S3. A vertical compensator is installed in the deep shaft, and the lower end of the vertical compensator is connected to the first end of the main pipeline.

[0012] In some implementations, it also includes:

[0013] S4. Excavate a compensation tunnel that connects to the first tunnel, install a horizontal compensator in the compensation tunnel, and connect the horizontal compensator to the second end of the main pipeline.

[0014] In some embodiments, S3 further includes: excavating a second tunnel on the side of the deep shaft facing away from the river, setting a first horizontal pipe in the second tunnel, and connecting the upper end of the vertical compensator to the first horizontal pipe.

[0015] In some embodiments, a first fixing pier for securing the first horizontal pipe is provided in the second tunnel.

[0016] In some embodiments, a limiting bracket supporting the vertical compensator is provided in the deep shaft; and / or, the vertical compensator is covered with a flexible material.

[0017] In some embodiments, a sealing structure is provided at the junction of the deep shaft and the tunnel, around the connection between the vertical compensator and the main pipeline.

[0018] In some embodiments, a second horizontal pipe communicating with the horizontal compensator is provided in the compensation tunnel, and a second fixing pier is provided for fixing the second horizontal pipe.

[0019] In some embodiments, a track is provided in the tunnel, and a pipeline transport device capable of moving on the track is provided, through which the main pipeline is carried and moved in the tunnel.

[0020] In some embodiments, the ascending section includes an arc section and a ramp section.

[0021] In some embodiments, the radius of curvature of the arc segment is greater than or equal to 1500 times the outer diameter of the main pipe; and / or, the slope of the ramp segment is less than or equal to 5%.

[0022] In some implementations, the shallow shaft is less than 5 meters deep.

[0023] In some embodiments, water is injected into the tunnel, and the deep shaft and the shallow shaft are backfilled.

[0024] The above technical solution allows the main pipeline to be welded on the ground before being transported into the tunnel, improving the efficiency of fully automated pipeline welding, shortening the construction period, eliminating the need to set up welding construction space in the tunnel, reducing the tunnel excavation period, and lowering the project cost. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 This is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the tunnel, pipeline, etc., described in the implementation scheme of this solution;

[0026] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the planar structure of the tunnel, pipeline, etc., as described in the implementation of this solution;

[0027] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the deep vertical shaft described in the implementation of this solution;

[0028] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the tunnel described in the implementation of this solution;

[0029] Figure 5 This is a structural schematic diagram of the compensation tunnel described in the implementation of this solution.

[0030] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures

[0031] 1 tunnel and 2 deep shafts

[0032] 3 shallow vertical shafts 4 vertical compensators

[0033] 5. Main pipeline 6. Horizontal compensator

[0034] 7 First fixed pier 8 Second fixed pier

[0035] 9 limit brackets 10 tracks

[0036] 11 Pipeline transport device 12 First horizontal pipeline

[0037] 13 Second Horizontal Pipe

[0038] 1-1 Horizontal segment 1-2 Circular arc segment

[0039] 1-3 slope sections Detailed Implementation

[0040] The embodiments of this disclosure will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. The detailed description of the embodiments and the accompanying drawings are used to illustrate the principles of this disclosure by way of example, but should not be used to limit the scope of this disclosure. This disclosure can be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed herein, but includes all technical solutions falling within the scope of the claims.

[0041] These embodiments are provided to make the disclosure thorough and complete, and to fully express the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specifically stated, the relative arrangement of components and steps, material composition, numerical expressions, and values ​​set forth in these embodiments should be interpreted as exemplary only and not as limiting.

[0042] It should be noted that, in the description of this disclosure, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more; the terms "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicating orientation or positional relationship, are only for the convenience of describing this disclosure and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this disclosure. When the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0043] Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and similar terms used in this disclosure do not indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but are merely used to distinguish different parts. "Vertical" is not strictly vertical, but within the permissible margin of error. "Parallel" is not strictly parallel, but within the permissible margin of error. Terms such as "including" or "contains" mean that the element preceding the word encompasses the element listed after the word, and do not exclude the possibility of encompassing other elements as well.

[0044] It should also be noted that, in the description of this disclosure, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installed," "connected," and "linked" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this disclosure depending on the specific circumstances. When a particular device is described as being located between a first device and a second device, an intermediary device may or may not be present between the particular device and the first or second device.

[0045] All terms used in this disclosure have the same meaning as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure pertains, unless otherwise specifically defined. It should also be understood that terms defined in general dictionaries should be interpreted as having meanings consistent with their meanings in the context of the relevant art, and not as idealized or highly formalized, unless expressly defined herein.

[0046] Techniques, methods, and equipment known to those skilled in the art may not be discussed in detail, but where appropriate, they should be considered part of the specification.

[0047] Example 1

[0048] This solution provides a method for installing cross-river pipelines, which includes:

[0049] S1. Deep shaft 2 and shallow shaft 3 are excavated on both sides of the river, and tunnel 1 is excavated between the deep shaft 2 and the shallow shaft 3. The tunnel 1 includes a horizontal section 1-1 directly connected to the deep shaft 2 and an ascending section directly connected to the shallow shaft 3.

[0050] S2. On the side of the shallow shaft 3 facing away from the river, a first tunnel is excavated, and the welded main pipe 5 is transported from one side of the shallow shaft 3 to the tunnel 1 through the first tunnel, so that the first end of the main pipe 5 reaches the deep shaft 2.

[0051] Deep shaft 2 and shallow shaft 3 can be located on the outside of the river embankment, respectively. The depth of deep shaft 2 is greater than the depth of the river, and the depth of shallow shaft 3 is less than the depth of deep shaft 2.

[0052] Tunnel 1 passes through the lower part of the river. The section near the deep shaft 2 is a gradually rising section. The rising section is roughly sloping. The purpose of setting up the rising section is to make the depth of tunnel 1 gradually decrease and eventually extend to the open first tunnel, so that the main pipeline 5 can be lowered into tunnel 1 from the first tunnel.

[0053] Tunnel 1 can be formed by excavation using a tunnel boring machine (TBM). The TBM can be lowered into a deep shaft 2 and excavated towards the other side of the river until it reaches a shallow shaft 3 to form tunnel 1 with a horizontal section 1-1 (which may also have a slight slope) and an ascending section. The TBM is then lifted out of the shallow shaft 3.

[0054] The first tunnel is located on the side of the shallow vertical shaft 3 facing away from the river. It is an open-air structure, which facilitates the gradual transport of the main pipeline 5 into tunnel 1. The first tunnel can serve as a continuation of the ascending section of tunnel 1, and its angle of inclination with the horizontal plane is basically the same as that of the ascending section.

[0055] Regarding tunnel 1, the ascending section slopes upward relative to the horizontal section 1-1, forming an obtuse angle. The main pipeline 5 enters the ascending section first, and due to its greater length, it can undergo elastic bending deformation at the connection between the ascending and horizontal sections. Subsequently, it enters the horizontal section and returns to a straight state. The curved shape of tunnel 1 allows the main pipeline 5 to be gradually transported into tunnel 1 as a whole, without the need to connect the various parts of the main pipeline 5 segment by segment within tunnel 1.

[0056] The main pipeline 5 is welded as a whole on the ground and then subjected to anti-corrosion treatment and non-destructive testing.

[0057] In this scheme, the main pipeline can be welded on the ground before being transported into the tunnel, which improves the efficiency of fully automated pipeline welding, shortens the construction period, eliminates the need to set up welding construction space in the tunnel, reduces the tunnel excavation period, and lowers the project cost.

[0058] In addition, the installation method for cross-river pipelines also includes: S3, installing a vertical compensator 4 in the deep shaft 2, and connecting the lower end of the vertical compensator 4 to the first end of the main pipeline 5. (Reference) Figure 3 As shown, the vertical compensator 4 includes an upper elbow, a vertical section, and a lower elbow. The main pipe 5 is connected to the lower elbow. The vertical compensator 4 can expand and contract to compensate for the deformation of the main pipe 5.

[0059] In addition, the installation method for the river-crossing pipeline also includes: S4, excavating a compensation tunnel connected to the first tunnel, installing a horizontal compensator 6 in the compensation tunnel, and connecting the horizontal compensator 6 to the second end of the main pipeline 5. The compensation tunnel is a horizontally extending tunnel, and the horizontal compensator 6 is roughly U-shaped, capable of horizontal expansion and contraction to compensate for the expansion and contraction deformation of the main pipeline 5. (Reference) Figure 5 As shown, the bottom of the compensation tunnel can be a concrete cushion layer, the sides are brick walls, and it is filled with flexible material to absorb the deformation of the horizontal compensator 6. The compensation tunnel can be covered by a cover plate and covered with soil, in which a marker strip can be set.

[0060] S3 further includes: excavating a second tunnel on the side of the deep shaft 2 facing away from the river, installing a first horizontal pipe 12 in the second tunnel, and connecting the upper end of the vertical compensator 4 to the first horizontal pipe 12. The second tunnel extends horizontally and is an open-air structure, which facilitates the installation of the first horizontal pipe 12. The first horizontal pipe 12 is connected to the upper bend of the vertical compensator 4 near the shaft wall of the deep shaft 2.

[0061] In this design, a first fixing pier 7 is provided in the second tunnel to fix the first horizontal pipe 12. The first fixing pier 7 can be a concrete structure, which is set in the second tunnel and cast to surround the first horizontal pipe 12, thereby fixing the first horizontal pipe 12.

[0062] Additionally, a limiting bracket 9 supporting the vertical compensator 4 is provided in the deep shaft 2; and / or, the vertical compensator 4 is covered with a flexible material. The limiting bracket 9 is provided in the deep shaft 2 and supports the vertical compensator 4, ensuring the stability of the vertical compensator 4 and preventing its large-scale movement. The vertical compensator 4 can be covered with a flexible material, that is, a tubular structure is formed around the vertical compensator 4 using a flexible material. When the deep shaft 2 is filled with soil, the flexible material allows the vertical compensator 4 to deform.

[0063] At the junction of the deep shaft 2 and the tunnel 1, a sealing structure is installed around the connection between the vertical compensator 4 and the main pipeline 5. A sealing wall can be installed at the junction of the deep shaft 2 and the tunnel 1, with holes to accommodate the pipeline, and flexible sealing material can be installed around the pipeline. The sealing structure should meet waterproofing requirements to prevent water subsequently filled into the tunnel 1 from entering the deep shaft 2. Additionally, the connection between the vertical compensator 4 and the main pipeline 5 can be supported by pipeline supports. Similarly, a similar sealing structure, including a sealing wall and flexible sealing material surrounding the pipeline, can be installed at the junction of the deep shaft 2 and the second tunnel.

[0064] In addition, a second horizontal pipe 13 communicating with the horizontal compensator 6 is provided in the compensation tunnel, and a second fixing block 8 for fixing the second horizontal pipe 13 is provided. The second fixing block 8 can be formed by concrete pouring, and it surrounds the second horizontal pipe 13 to fix the second horizontal pipe 13.

[0065] In this system, a track 10 is installed in tunnel 1, and a pipeline transport device 11 capable of moving on the track 10 is installed to carry the main pipeline 5 within the tunnel 1. The track 10 can be a structure similar to a railway track, and the pipeline transport device 11 is a trolley structure with wheels, on which a structure supporting and fixing the main pipeline 5 is installed. The pipeline transport device 11 moves along the track 10 from the shallow shaft 3 to the deep shaft 2, thereby gradually moving the main pipeline 5 to the deep shaft 2. After the main pipeline 5 is in place, a limiting structure can be installed in tunnel 1 to achieve lateral fixation of the main pipeline 5.

[0066] The ascending section of tunnel 1 includes an arc section 1-2 and a ramp section 1-3. The ramp section 1-3 is a straight tunnel, and the arc section 1-2 is an arc tunnel. The arc section 1-2 achieves a smooth transition between the horizontal section 1-1 and the ramp section 1-3, so as to allow the main pipeline 5 to pass through the arc section 1-2 more smoothly after elastic bending.

[0067] Furthermore, the radius of curvature of the arc segment 1-2 is greater than or equal to 1500 times the outer diameter of the main pipe 5; and / or, the slope of the ramp segment 1-3 is less than or equal to 5%. The radius of curvature of the arc segment 1-2 is related to the outer diameter of the main pipe 5, which to some extent affects the bending deformation capacity of the main pipe 5. That is, the larger its outer diameter, the smaller its bending range. Therefore, the radius of curvature of the arc segment 1-2 needs to be designed according to the outer diameter of the main pipe 5. On the other hand, the slope of the ramp segment 1-3 is less than or equal to 5%, that is, the ratio of the vertical height to the horizontal length of the ramp segment 1-3 is less than or equal to 5%.

[0068] Among them, the radius of curvature of the arc segment 1-2 can be 1500 times the outer diameter of the main pipe 5; the slope of the ramp segment 1-3 can be 5%.

[0069] The shallow shaft 3 has a depth of less than 5 meters. The lower end of the shallow shaft 3 connects to the upper end of the slope section 1-3. The maximum depth of the first tunnel, i.e., the depth at which it connects to the shallow shaft 3, is the same as the depth of the shallow shaft 3, allowing the main pipeline 5 to be transported from the first tunnel into the slope section 1-3. The depth of the shallow shaft 3 should not be too large to avoid an excessively deep first tunnel, which would increase the amount of construction work.

[0070] Water is injected into tunnel 1, and the deep shaft 2 and the shallow shaft 3 are backfilled. The original soil is used to backfill the deep shaft 2 and the shallow shaft 3, and the sealing wall and sealing material between the deep shaft 2 and tunnel 1 can prevent water in tunnel 1 from entering the deep shaft 2.

[0071] Example 2

[0072] This solution provides a method for installing cross-river pipelines, which includes:

[0073] S1. Deep shaft 2 and shallow shaft 3 are excavated on both sides of the river, and tunnel 1 is excavated between the deep shaft 2 and the shallow shaft 3. The tunnel 1 includes a horizontal section 1-1 directly connected to the deep shaft 2 and an ascending section directly connected to the shallow shaft 3.

[0074] S2. On the side of the shallow shaft 3 facing away from the river, a first tunnel is excavated, and the welded main pipe 5 is transported from one side of the shallow shaft 3 to the tunnel 1 through the first tunnel, so that the first end of the main pipe 5 reaches the deep shaft 2.

[0075] Deep shaft 2 and shallow shaft 3 can be located on the outside of the river embankment, respectively. The depth of deep shaft 2 is greater than the depth of the river, and the depth of shallow shaft 3 is less than the depth of deep shaft 2.

[0076] Tunnel 1 passes through the lower part of the river. The section near the deep shaft 2 is a gradually rising section. The rising section is roughly sloping. The purpose of setting up the rising section is to make the depth of tunnel 1 gradually decrease and eventually extend to the open first tunnel, so that the main pipeline 5 can be lowered into tunnel 1 from the first tunnel.

[0077] Tunnel 1 can be formed by excavation using a tunnel boring machine (TBM). The TBM can be lowered into a deep shaft 2 and excavated towards the other side of the river until it reaches a shallow shaft 3 to form tunnel 1 with a horizontal section 1-1 (which may also have a slight slope) and an ascending section. The TBM is then lifted out of the shallow shaft 3.

[0078] The first tunnel is located on the side of the shallow vertical shaft 3 facing away from the river. It is an open-air structure, which facilitates the gradual transport of the main pipeline 5 into tunnel 1. The first tunnel can serve as a continuation of the ascending section of tunnel 1, and its angle of inclination with the horizontal plane is basically the same as that of the ascending section.

[0079] Regarding tunnel 1, the ascending section slopes upward relative to the horizontal section 1-1, forming an obtuse angle. The main pipeline 5 enters the ascending section first, and due to its greater length, it can undergo elastic bending deformation at the connection between the ascending and horizontal sections. Subsequently, it enters the horizontal section and returns to a straight state. The curved shape of tunnel 1 allows the main pipeline 5 to be gradually transported into tunnel 1 as a whole, without the need to connect the various parts of the main pipeline 5 segment by segment within tunnel 1.

[0080] The main pipeline 5 is welded as a whole on the ground and then subjected to anti-corrosion treatment and non-destructive testing.

[0081] In this scheme, the main pipeline can be welded on the ground before being transported into the tunnel, which improves the efficiency of fully automated pipeline welding, shortens the construction period, eliminates the need to set up welding construction space in the tunnel, reduces the tunnel excavation period, and lowers the project cost.

[0082] In addition, the installation method for cross-river pipelines also includes: S3, installing a vertical compensator 4 in the deep shaft 2, and connecting the lower end of the vertical compensator 4 to the first end of the main pipeline 5. (Reference) Figure 3 As shown, the vertical compensator 4 includes an upper elbow, a vertical section, and a lower elbow. The main pipe 5 is connected to the lower elbow. The vertical compensator 4 can expand and contract to compensate for the deformation of the main pipe 5.

[0083] In addition, the installation method for the river-crossing pipeline also includes: S4, excavating a compensation tunnel connected to the first tunnel, installing a horizontal compensator 6 in the compensation tunnel, and connecting the horizontal compensator 6 to the second end of the main pipeline 5. The compensation tunnel is a horizontally extending tunnel, and the horizontal compensator 6 is roughly U-shaped, capable of horizontal expansion and contraction to compensate for the expansion and contraction deformation of the main pipeline 5. (Reference) Figure 5 As shown, the bottom of the compensation tunnel can be a concrete cushion layer, the sides are brick walls, and it is filled with flexible material to absorb the deformation of the horizontal compensator 6. The compensation tunnel can be covered by a cover plate and covered with soil, in which a marker strip can be set.

[0084] S3 further includes: excavating a second tunnel on the side of the deep shaft 2 facing away from the river, installing a first horizontal pipe 12 in the second tunnel, and connecting the upper end of the vertical compensator 4 to the first horizontal pipe 12. The second tunnel extends horizontally and is an open-air structure, which facilitates the installation of the first horizontal pipe 12. The first horizontal pipe 12 is connected to the upper bend of the vertical compensator 4 near the shaft wall of the deep shaft 2.

[0085] In this design, a first fixing pier 7 is provided in the second tunnel to fix the first horizontal pipe 12. The first fixing pier 7 can be a concrete structure, which is set in the second tunnel and cast to surround the first horizontal pipe 12, thereby fixing the first horizontal pipe 12.

[0086] Additionally, a limiting bracket 9 supporting the vertical compensator 4 is provided in the deep shaft 2; and / or, the vertical compensator 4 is covered with a flexible material. The limiting bracket 9 is provided in the deep shaft 2 and supports the vertical compensator 4, ensuring the stability of the vertical compensator 4 and preventing its large-scale movement. The vertical compensator 4 can be covered with a flexible material, that is, a tubular structure is formed around the vertical compensator 4 using a flexible material. When the deep shaft 2 is filled with soil, the flexible material allows the vertical compensator 4 to deform.

[0087] At the junction of the deep shaft 2 and the tunnel 1, a sealing structure is installed around the connection between the vertical compensator 4 and the main pipeline 5. A sealing wall can be installed at the junction of the deep shaft 2 and the tunnel 1, with holes to accommodate the pipeline, and flexible sealing material can be installed around the pipeline. The sealing structure should meet waterproofing requirements to prevent water subsequently filled into the tunnel 1 from entering the deep shaft 2. Additionally, the connection between the vertical compensator 4 and the main pipeline 5 can be supported by pipeline supports. Similarly, a similar sealing structure, including a sealing wall and flexible sealing material surrounding the pipeline, can be installed at the junction of the deep shaft 2 and the second tunnel.

[0088] In addition, a second horizontal pipe 13 communicating with the horizontal compensator 6 is provided in the compensation tunnel, and a second fixing block 8 for fixing the second horizontal pipe 13 is provided. The second fixing block 8 can be formed by concrete pouring, and it surrounds the second horizontal pipe 13 to fix the second horizontal pipe 13.

[0089] In this system, a track 10 is installed in tunnel 1, and a pipeline transport device 11 capable of moving on the track 10 is installed to carry the main pipeline 5 within the tunnel 1. The track 10 can be a structure similar to a railway track, and the pipeline transport device 11 is a trolley structure with wheels, on which a structure supporting and fixing the main pipeline 5 is installed. The pipeline transport device 11 moves along the track 10 from the shallow shaft 3 to the deep shaft 2, thereby gradually moving the main pipeline 5 to the deep shaft 2. After the main pipeline 5 is in place, a limiting structure can be installed in tunnel 1 to achieve lateral fixation of the main pipeline 5.

[0090] The ascending section of tunnel 1 includes an arc section 1-2 and a ramp section 1-3. The ramp section 1-3 is a straight tunnel, and the arc section 1-2 is an arc-shaped tunnel. The arc section 1-2 achieves a smooth transition between the horizontal section 1-1 and the ramp section 1-3, allowing the main pipeline 5 to pass through the arc section 1-2 more smoothly after bending.

[0091] Furthermore, the radius of curvature of the arc segment 1-2 is greater than or equal to 1500 times the outer diameter of the main pipe 5; and / or, the slope of the ramp segment 1-3 is less than or equal to 5%. The radius of curvature of the arc segment 1-2 is related to the outer diameter of the main pipe 5, which to some extent affects the bending deformation capacity of the main pipe 5. That is, the larger its outer diameter, the smaller its bending range. Therefore, the radius of curvature of the arc segment 1-2 needs to be designed according to the outer diameter of the main pipe 5. On the other hand, the slope of the ramp segment 1-3 is less than or equal to 5%, that is, the ratio of the vertical height to the horizontal length of the ramp segment 1-3 is less than or equal to 5%.

[0092] Among them, the radius of curvature of the arc segment 1-2 can be 1550 times the outer diameter of the main pipe 5; the slope of the ramp segment 1-3 can be 4%.

[0093] The shallow shaft 3 has a depth of less than 5 meters. The lower end of the shallow shaft 3 connects to the upper end of the slope section 1-3. The maximum depth of the first tunnel, i.e., the depth at which it connects to the shallow shaft 3, is the same as the depth of the shallow shaft 3, allowing the main pipeline 5 to be transported from the first tunnel into the slope section 1-3. The depth of the shallow shaft 3 should not be too large to avoid an excessively deep first tunnel, which would increase the amount of construction work.

[0094] Water is injected into tunnel 1, and the deep shaft 2 and the shallow shaft 3 are backfilled. The original soil is used to backfill the deep shaft 2 and the shallow shaft 3, and the sealing wall and sealing material between the deep shaft 2 and tunnel 1 can prevent water in the horizontal section 1-1 from entering the deep shaft 2.

[0095] Example 3

[0096] This solution provides a method for installing cross-river pipelines, which includes:

[0097] S1. Deep shaft 2 and shallow shaft 3 are excavated on both sides of the river, and tunnel 1 is excavated between the deep shaft 2 and the shallow shaft 3. The tunnel 1 includes a horizontal section 1-1 directly connected to the deep shaft 2 and an ascending section directly connected to the shallow shaft 3.

[0098] S2. On the side of the shallow shaft 3 facing away from the river, a first tunnel is excavated, and the welded main pipe 5 is transported from one side of the shallow shaft 3 to the tunnel 1 through the first tunnel, so that the first end of the main pipe 5 reaches the deep shaft 2.

[0099] Deep shaft 2 and shallow shaft 3 can be located on the outside of the river embankment, respectively. The depth of deep shaft 2 is greater than the depth of the river, and the depth of shallow shaft 3 is less than the depth of deep shaft 2.

[0100] Tunnel 1 passes through the lower part of the river. The section near the deep shaft 2 is a gradually rising section. The rising section is roughly sloping. The purpose of setting up the rising section is to make the depth of tunnel 1 gradually decrease and eventually extend to the open first tunnel, so that the main pipeline 5 can be lowered into tunnel 1 from the first tunnel.

[0101] Tunnel 1 can be formed by excavation using a tunnel boring machine (TBM). The TBM can be lowered into a deep shaft 2 and excavated towards the other side of the river until it reaches a shallow shaft 3 to form tunnel 1 with a horizontal section 1-1 (which may also have a slight slope) and an ascending section. The TBM is then lifted out of the shallow shaft 3.

[0102] The first tunnel is located on the side of the shallow vertical shaft 3 facing away from the river. It is an open-air structure, which facilitates the gradual transport of the main pipeline 5 into tunnel 1. The first tunnel can serve as a continuation of the ascending section of tunnel 1, and its angle of inclination with the horizontal plane is basically the same as that of the ascending section.

[0103] Regarding tunnel 1, the ascending section slopes upward relative to the horizontal section 1-1, forming an obtuse angle. The main pipeline 5 enters the ascending section first, and due to its greater length, it can undergo elastic bending deformation at the connection between the ascending and horizontal sections. Subsequently, it enters the horizontal section and returns to a straight state. The curved shape of tunnel 1 allows the main pipeline 5 to be gradually transported into tunnel 1 as a whole, without the need to connect the various parts of the main pipeline 5 segment by segment within tunnel 1.

[0104] The main pipeline 5 is welded as a whole on the ground and then subjected to anti-corrosion treatment and non-destructive testing.

[0105] In this scheme, the main pipeline can be welded on the ground before being transported into the tunnel, which improves the efficiency of fully automated pipeline welding, shortens the construction period, eliminates the need to set up welding construction space in the tunnel, reduces the tunnel excavation period, and lowers the project cost.

[0106] In addition, the installation method for cross-river pipelines also includes: S3, installing a vertical compensator 4 in the deep shaft 2, and connecting the lower end of the vertical compensator 4 to the first end of the main pipeline 5. (Reference) Figure 3 As shown, the vertical compensator 4 includes an upper elbow, a vertical section, and a lower elbow. The main pipe 5 is connected to the lower elbow. The vertical compensator 4 can expand and contract to compensate for the deformation of the main pipe 5.

[0107] In addition, the installation method for the river-crossing pipeline also includes: S4, excavating a compensation tunnel connected to the first tunnel, installing a horizontal compensator 6 in the compensation tunnel, and connecting the horizontal compensator 6 to the second end of the main pipeline 5. The compensation tunnel is a horizontally extending tunnel, and the horizontal compensator 6 is roughly U-shaped, capable of horizontal expansion and contraction to compensate for the expansion and contraction deformation of the main pipeline 5. (Reference) Figure 5 As shown, the bottom of the compensation tunnel can be a concrete cushion layer, the sides are brick walls, and it is filled with flexible material to absorb the deformation of the horizontal compensator 6. The compensation tunnel can be covered by a cover plate and covered with soil, in which a marker strip can be set.

[0108] S3 further includes: excavating a second tunnel on the side of the deep shaft 2 facing away from the river, installing a first horizontal pipe 12 in the second tunnel, and connecting the upper end of the vertical compensator 4 to the first horizontal pipe 12. The second tunnel extends horizontally and is an open-air structure, which facilitates the installation of the first horizontal pipe 12. The first horizontal pipe 12 is connected to the upper bend of the vertical compensator 4 at the shaft wall of the deep shaft 2.

[0109] In this design, a first fixing pier 7 is provided in the second tunnel to fix the first horizontal pipe 12. The first fixing pier 7 can be a concrete structure, which is set in the second tunnel and cast to surround the first horizontal pipe 12, thereby fixing the first horizontal pipe 12.

[0110] Additionally, a limiting bracket 9 supporting the vertical compensator 4 is provided in the deep shaft 2; and / or, the vertical compensator 4 is covered with a flexible material. The limiting bracket 9 is provided in the deep shaft 2 and supports the vertical compensator 4, ensuring the stability of the vertical compensator 4 and preventing its large-scale movement. The vertical compensator 4 can be covered with a flexible material, that is, a tubular structure is formed around the vertical compensator 4 using a flexible material. When the deep shaft 2 is filled with soil, the flexible material allows the vertical compensator 4 to deform.

[0111] At the junction of the deep shaft 2 and the tunnel 1, a sealing structure is installed around the connection between the vertical compensator 4 and the main pipeline 5. A sealing wall can be installed at the junction of the deep shaft 2 and the tunnel 1, with holes to accommodate the pipeline, and flexible sealing material can be installed around the pipeline. The sealing structure should meet waterproofing requirements to prevent water subsequently filled into the tunnel 1 from entering the deep shaft 2. Additionally, the connection between the vertical compensator 4 and the main pipeline 5 can be supported by pipeline supports. Similarly, a similar sealing structure, including a sealing wall and flexible sealing material surrounding the pipeline, can be installed at the junction of the deep shaft 2 and the second tunnel.

[0112] In addition, a second horizontal pipe 13 communicating with the horizontal compensator 6 is provided in the compensation tunnel, and a second fixing block 8 for fixing the second horizontal pipe 13 is provided. The second fixing block 8 can be formed by concrete pouring, and it surrounds the second horizontal pipe 13 to fix the second horizontal pipe 13.

[0113] In this system, a track 10 is installed in tunnel 1, and a pipeline transport device 11 capable of moving on the track 10 is installed to carry the main pipeline 5 within the tunnel 1. The track 10 can be a structure similar to a railway track, and the pipeline transport device 11 is a trolley structure with wheels, on which a structure supporting and fixing the main pipeline 5 is installed. The pipeline transport device 11 moves along the track 10 from the shallow shaft 3 to the deep shaft 2, thereby gradually moving the main pipeline 5 to the deep shaft 2. After the main pipeline 5 is in place, a limiting structure can be installed in tunnel 1 to achieve lateral fixation of the main pipeline 5.

[0114] The ascending section includes an arc section 1-2 and a ramp section 1-3. The ramp section 1-3 is a straight tunnel, and the arc section 1-2 is an arc tunnel. The arc section 1-2 achieves a smooth transition between the horizontal section 1-1 and the ramp section 1-3, allowing the main pipe 5 to pass through the arc section 1-2 more smoothly after bending.

[0115] Furthermore, the radius of curvature of the arc segment 1-2 is greater than or equal to 1500 times the outer diameter of the main pipe 5; and / or, the slope of the ramp segment 1-3 is less than or equal to 5%. The radius of curvature of the arc segment 1-2 is related to the outer diameter of the main pipe 5, which to some extent affects the bending deformation capacity of the main pipe 5. That is, the larger its outer diameter, the smaller its bending range. Therefore, the radius of curvature of the arc segment 1-2 needs to be designed according to the outer diameter of the main pipe 5. On the other hand, the slope of the ramp segment 1-3 is less than or equal to 5%, that is, the ratio of the vertical height to the horizontal length of the ramp segment 1-3 is less than or equal to 5%.

[0116] Among them, the radius of curvature of the arc segment 1-2 can be 1600 times the outer diameter of the main pipe 5; the slope of the ramp segment 1-3 can be 3%.

[0117] The shallow shaft 3 has a depth of less than 5 meters. The lower end of the shallow shaft 3 connects to the upper end of the slope section 1-3. The maximum depth of the first tunnel, i.e., the depth at which it connects to the shallow shaft 3, is the same as the depth of the shallow shaft 3, allowing the main pipeline 5 to be transported from the first tunnel into the slope section 1-3. The depth of the shallow shaft 3 should not be too large to avoid an excessively deep first tunnel, which would increase the amount of construction work.

[0118] Water is injected into the horizontal section 1-1, and the deep shaft 2 and the shallow shaft 3 are backfilled. The original soil is used to backfill the deep shaft 2 and the shallow shaft 3, and the sealing wall and sealing material between the deep shaft 2 and the tunnel 1 can prevent water in the tunnel 1 from entering the deep shaft 2.

[0119] The embodiments of this disclosure have now been described in detail. To avoid obscuring the concept of this disclosure, some details known in the art have not been described. Those skilled in the art can fully understand how to implement the technical solutions disclosed herein based on the above description.

[0120] While specific embodiments of this disclosure have been described in detail by way of examples, those skilled in the art should understand that the examples are for illustrative purposes only and not intended to limit the scope of this disclosure. Those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can be made to the above embodiments or equivalent substitutions can be made to some technical features without departing from the scope and spirit of this disclosure. In particular, as long as there is no structural conflict, the technical features mentioned in the various embodiments can be combined in any manner.

Claims

1. A method for installing a cross-river pipeline, characterized in that, include: S1. Deep shafts (2) and shallow shafts (3) are excavated on both sides of the river, and a tunnel (1) is excavated between the deep shafts (2) and the shallow shafts (3). The tunnel (1) includes a horizontal section (1-1) directly connected to the deep shafts (2) and an ascending section directly connected to the shallow shafts (3). S2. On the side of the shallow shaft (3) facing away from the river, a first tunnel is excavated. The welded main pipe (5) is transported from one side of the shallow shaft (3) to the tunnel (1) through the first tunnel, so that the first end of the main pipe (5) reaches the deep shaft (2). S3. A vertical compensator (4) is installed in the deep shaft (2). The vertical compensator (4) includes an upper bend, a vertical section and a lower bend. The lower end of the vertical compensator (4) is connected to the first end of the main pipeline (5). A second tunnel is excavated on the side of the deep shaft (2) facing away from the river. A first horizontal pipeline (12) is installed in the second tunnel. The upper end of the vertical compensator (4) is connected to the first horizontal pipeline (12). S4. Excavate a compensation tunnel that connects to the first tunnel, install a horizontal compensator (6) in the compensation tunnel, and connect the horizontal compensator (6) to the second end of the main pipeline (5).

2. The installation method for a cross-river pipeline according to claim 1, characterized in that, A first fixing pier (7) is provided in the second tunnel for fixing the first horizontal pipe (12).

3. The installation method for a cross-river pipeline according to claim 1, characterized in that, A limiting bracket (9) supporting the vertical compensator (4) is provided in the deep shaft (2); and / or, the vertical compensator (4) is covered with a flexible material.

4. The installation method for a cross-river pipeline according to claim 1, characterized in that, At the junction of the deep shaft (2) and the tunnel (1), a sealing structure is provided around the connection between the vertical compensator (4) and the main pipeline (5).

5. The installation method for a cross-river pipeline according to claim 1, characterized in that, A second horizontal pipe (13) communicating with the horizontal compensator (6) is provided in the compensation tunnel, and a second fixed pier (8) for fixing the second horizontal pipe (13) is provided.

6. The installation method for a cross-river pipeline according to claim 1, characterized in that, A track (10) is provided in the tunnel (1), and a pipeline transport device (11) capable of moving on the track (10) is provided, through which the main pipeline (5) is carried and moved in the tunnel (1).

7. The installation method for a cross-river pipeline according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ascending section includes an arc section (1-2) and a ramp section (1-3).

8. The method for installing a cross-river pipeline according to claim 7, characterized in that, The radius of curvature of the arc segment (1-2) is greater than or equal to 1500 times the outer diameter of the main pipe (5); and / or, the slope of the ramp segment (1-3) is less than or equal to 5%.

9. The installation method for a cross-river pipeline according to claim 1, characterized in that, The shallow vertical shaft (3) is less than 5 meters deep.

10. The installation method of the cross-river pipeline according to claim 1, characterized in that, Water is injected into the tunnel (1), and the deep shaft (2) and the shallow shaft (3) are backfilled.

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