Method for comparing application amounts of rice production fertilizers in different farming modes

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for comparing the application amounts of rice production fertilizers in different farming modes. The method comprises the following steps: investigating and surveying according to different crop rotation modes and planting modes of rice before planting the rice; collecting soil samples of the investigated and researched paddy field, and then measuring the soil properties of the soil samples; the method comprises the following steps: after harvesting rice, taking a soil sample, removing plant root impurities from the soil sample, airing, airing the soil sample to a constant weight, grinding and crushing the sample, uniformly mixing, taking the sample, and sieving; measuring the pH value and EC value of the soil sample; determining the soil volume weight when the soil volume is constant; determining the total carbon, total nitrogen and organic matter content of the sieved soil sample; determining the content of soil quick-acting phosphorus and the content of soil quick-acting potassium; analyzing by a microbial diversity analysis method; according to the method, the application amount of the fertilizer is reduced in a crop rotation planting and ecological planting mode, the ecological environment is protected while the yield is stabilized and the efficiency is improved, and balance of a farmland ecological system and sustainable production of crops are maintained.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of fertilizers, and in particular to a method for comparing fertilizer application amounts for rice production under different farming modes. Background Art

[0002] Fertilizer is an important agricultural production material. Fertilizer plays a very important role in ensuring the effective supply of food and important agricultural products, but excessive fertilizer input also brings increased costs and environmental pressure. Excessive application of chemical fertilizers and excessive loss of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers will cause the degradation of farmland ecosystems, the decline of soil quality and crop yields, the pollution of the food chain, and the waste of agricultural resources. Jiangsu Province is one of the main rice production areas in my country. At the same time, rice is also the largest grain crop in Jiangsu Province. The rice planting area in the province is more than 2.2 million hectares, and the total rice output is more than 19 million tons, accounting for about 42% and 55% of the province's grain crops, respectively. However, the application of chemical fertilizers in rice planting (pure amount) is higher than 40kg / mu, far exceeding the world average. It can be seen that there is an obvious irrationality in the application of chemical fertilizers in rice planting in Jiangsu Province, which has largely hindered the green and sustainable development of rice. At present, rice cultivation still pursues stable and high yields of rice by applying large amounts of chemical fertilizers. Although this meets people's demand for high yields, it poses a threat to the ecological and environmental safety of rice fields, the quality of agricultural products and the green sustainability of rice in the future.

[0003] Suzhou City vigorously and comprehensively promotes the construction of high-standard farmland; promotes the use of a series of soil improvement, soil fertility improvement, water and fertilizer conservation measures such as organic fertilizers and slow-release fertilizers to effectively improve the quality of cultivated land; carries out green production, reduces the use of inorganic fertilizers and pesticides, and sets up insecticidal lamps, sex attractants, vetiver and other green control products around farmland to implement ecological green production; implements fallow rotation, and plants a large amount of green manure to improve the soil. Through the rotation planting model of rice and green manure (rapeseed, astragalus), soil fertility is improved and nutrient circulation is promoted. The maximum rice yield per mu will reach 650 kilograms in 2023.

[0004] Long-term, excessive and unreasonable application of chemical fertilizers will not only cause waste of agricultural production materials and reduce fertilizer utilization, but also increase agricultural production costs, leading to reduced economic benefits, causing serious environmental pollution and large-scale agricultural non-point source pollution, and becoming an important source of water and air pollution. For example, if the input of nitrogen fertilizer exceeds the demand of crops, it will lead to low nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency, increased loss of active nitrogen, and affect the function of the ecosystem.

[0005] Rice-green manure rotation is a common rotation method in southern rice fields. It not only makes use of idle fields in winter, but also can turn green manure into rice fields as organic fertilizer before rice transplanting in spring, significantly increasing crop yields. The outstanding feature of ecological planting is the use of organic fertilizers to replace part of chemical fertilizers in agricultural production. Organic fertilizers have the characteristics of high organic matter content and complete nutrient elements, which can effectively improve soil properties. Wang Yanli's experimental results show that the application of organic fertilizers can significantly increase soil porosity and reduce soil bulk density compared to the application of chemical fertilizers alone. At the same time, it can also increase the content of soil organic matter and quick-acting nutrients.

[0006] Therefore, in response to the above problems, the present invention provides a method for comparing the amount of fertilizer applied in rice production under different farming modes, which reduces the amount of fertilizer applied through crop rotation and ecological planting, thereby stabilizing production and increasing efficiency while protecting the ecological environment, maintaining the balance of the farmland ecosystem and the sustainable production of crops. Summary of the invention

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for comparing the amount of fertilizer applied in rice production under different farming modes, to reduce the amount of fertilizer applied through crop rotation and ecological planting, to stabilize production and increase efficiency while protecting the ecological environment, to maintain the balance of the farmland ecosystem and the sustainable production of crops.

[0008] The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0009] A method for comparing fertilizer application rates for rice production under different farming modes comprises the following steps:

[0010] (1) Conduct research on different rice rotation methods and planting patterns before rice planting;

[0011] (2) The fertilizer data collected from the survey were converted into N, P and 2 O 5 , K 2 O nutrient application rate, and collect soil samples from the investigated rice fields to determine their soil properties;

[0012] (3) After rice harvest, five soil cores were collected from each plot using a soil drill and mixed to form a composite soil sample. Soil samples were taken from each plot, and the soil samples were dried after removing plant roots and other debris. After the soil samples were air-dried to a constant weight, the samples were ground and pulverized, mixed, and then the samples were retained and sieved;

[0013] (4) Determine the pH value and EC value of the soil sample; flatten the topsoil, collect the soil with a soil sampler, and flatten the soil at both ends of the soil sampler to make the soil volume constant, and then determine the soil bulk density;

[0014] (5) Determine the total carbon, total nitrogen and organic matter content of sieved soil samples;

[0015] (6) Determine the soil available phosphorus content and soil available potassium content;

[0016] (7) The microbial diversity analysis method was then used for analysis.

[0017] Preferably, in step (1), the different rice rotation modes include: rice-wheat rotation, rice-green manure rotation and rice-fallow; the planting modes include ecological planting and conventional planting.

[0018] Preferably, in step (3), the soil core is 0-20 cm; 3-4 soil samples are taken from each plot, mixed and then the samples are retained by quartering method and sieved.

[0019] Preferably, in step (4), the pH value of the soil sample is measured by a pH meter potentiometer method, the EC value of the soil sample is measured by a conductivity meter method, and the soil bulk density is measured by a drying method.

[0020] Preferably, in step (5), the sieve aperture of the sieve for sieving the soil sample is 0.150 mm; and the total carbon, total nitrogen and organic matter contents of the soil are determined using an element analyzer.

[0021] Preferably, in step (6), the ammonium fluoride-hydrochloric acid (NH 4 F-HCl), sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO 3 ) extraction-molybdenum antimony anti-spectrophotometric method was used to determine the available phosphorus content in soil. The LY / T1234-2015 standard used ammonium acetate (NH 4 The available potassium content in soil was determined by OAc extraction-flame photometry.

[0022] Due to the application of the above technical solution, the present invention has the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art:

[0023] The method of the present invention compares the amount of fertilizer applied in rice production under different farming modes, reduces the amount of fertilizer applied by crop rotation and ecological planting, stabilizes production and increases efficiency while protecting the ecological environment, maintains the balance of the farmland ecosystem and the sustainable production of crops. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific implementation methods of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the specific implementation methods or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, some of the drawings described below are some implementation methods of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be made based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the technical route of the present invention in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 is a diagram of fertilizer application and yield of rice production in different crop rotation modes in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3 is a graph of the physical and chemical properties of rice soil in different crop rotation modes according to Example 1 of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 4 is a diagram of rice soil microorganisms in different crop rotation modes according to Example 1 of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 5 This is a diagram of fertilizer application and yield of rice production in different planting modes according to Example 1 of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 6 is a diagram of the physical and chemical properties of rice soil in different planting modes according to Example 1 of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 7 is a diagram of rice soil microorganisms in different planting modes according to Example 1 of the present invention;

[0032] in, Figure 4 In the above formula, L indicates green manure rotation, M indicates wheat rotation, and X indicates fallow. Figure 7 In the middle, C represents ecological planting, and R represents conventional planting. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] In order to have a clearer understanding of the technical features, purposes and effects of the present invention, a specific implementation scheme is now described in detail.

[0034] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the embodiments, but the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments. The implementation conditions used in the embodiments can be further adjusted according to the different requirements of specific use, and the implementation conditions not indicated are conventional conditions in the industry. The technical features involved in each embodiment of the present invention can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0035] Example 1

[0036] See attached Figure 1-7 This embodiment provides a method for comparing the amount of fertilizer applied to rice production under different farming modes. This embodiment uses Suzhou City, which has the largest number of ecological plantings in Jiangsu Province, as the research area, and includes the following steps:

[0037] (1) Before rice planting in 2023, a survey was conducted according to different rice rotation methods (rice-wheat rotation, rice-green manure rotation, and rice-fallow) and planting modes (ecological planting, conventional planting), including 36 rice-wheat rotation, 17 rice-green manure rotation, and 20 rice-fallow; 34 ecological planting and 39 conventional planting;

[0038] (2) The fertilizer data collected from the survey were converted into N, P and 2 O 5 , K 2 O nutrient application rate, and collect soil samples from the investigated rice fields to determine their soil properties;

[0039] (3) After rice harvest, five soil cores (0-20 cm) were collected from each plot using a soil drill and mixed to form a composite soil sample. Three soil samples were taken from each plot. The soil samples were dried after removing plant roots and other debris. After the soil samples were air-dried to a constant weight, they were ground and mixed, and then the samples were retained by the quartering method and sieved;

[0040] (4) According to HJ / T166 Soil Environment Monitoring Technical Specification, the pH value of soil samples was measured by pH meter potentiometric method and the EC value of soil samples was measured by conductivity meter method; the topsoil was leveled, soil was collected with a soil sampler, and the soil at both ends of the soil sampler was leveled with a knife to make the soil volume constant, and then the soil bulk density was measured by drying method;

[0041] (5) Wrap 10.0 mg of soil sample with tin foil and pass through a 0.150 mm sieve, and then use an element analyzer (ario EL, Elementar, Germany) to determine the total carbon, total nitrogen and organic matter content of the soil;

[0042] (6) According to LY / T1232-2015 standard, the ammonium fluoride-hydrochloric acid (NH 4 F-HCl), sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO 3 ) extraction-molybdenum antimony anti-spectrophotometric method was used to determine the available phosphorus content in soil. The LY / T1234-2015 standard used ammonium acetate (NH 4 OAc) extraction-flame photometry was used to determine the available potassium content in soil;

[0043] (7) Microbial diversity analysis was then performed: DNA was extracted using the Fast DNA Spin Kit for Soil (brand: MP Biomedicals; item number: 116560200; 50T) kit. 16S RNA was amplified using primers 515F (5'-GTGYCAGCMGCCGCGGTAA-3') and 806R (5'-GGACTACNVGGGTWTCTAAT-3');

[0044] in, <1> Fertilizer application in rice production under different crop rotation patterns:

[0045] The potential for fertilizer reduction in rice production under different crop rotation systems in Suzhou is shown in Table 1.

[0046] Table 1

[0047]

[0048] Combined with Table 1, the fertilizer application and yield of rice production in different rotation modes are shown in Figure 2 The physical and chemical properties of rice soil under different crop rotation patterns are shown in Figure 3 As shown in the figure, and the soil microorganisms of rice in different rotation patterns are shown in the figure. Figure 4 As shown, the results show that the fertilizer input relationship for rice production is N>K 2 O>P 2 O 5 The results showed that the rice-wheat and rice-green manure rotations could significantly increase the annual rice yield compared with the rice-fallow rotation, by 14.89% and 16.43% respectively, and the yield was the highest under the rice-green manure rotation. All three rotations had the problem of excessive fertilization, and there was a potential for reducing fertilization to varying degrees. The soil physical and chemical properties of rice-fallow were generally higher than those of wheat and green manure rotations. The change trends of dominant bacterial genera in the soil of different rotations were roughly the same, and the most dominant bacteria were Nitrososphaera, Gp6, Streptophyta, Subdivision3_genera_incertae_sedis, etc., and the succession changes were significant. These results showed that the changes in microbial diversity, community composition and structure in the soil were related to the rotation methods.

[0049] <2> Fertilizer application in different modes of rice production:

[0050] The potential for fertilizer reduction in rice production under different planting patterns in Suzhou is shown in Table 2.

[0051] Table 2

[0052]

[0053] Combined with Table 2, the fertilizer application and yield of rice production in different planting patterns are shown in Figure 5 The physical and chemical properties of rice soil under different planting patterns are shown in Figure 6 As shown in the figure, and the soil microorganisms of rice in different planting patterns are shown in the figure. Figure 7 As shown, the results show that the overall fertilizer application and yield in conventional rice production are higher than those in ecological planting, but ecological planting can increase the partial productivity of nitrogen fertilizer; both ecological and conventional planting have the problem of excessive fertilization, and there is potential for reducing fertilizer application to varying degrees; the soil organic matter content of ecological planting is higher than that of conventional planting; the change trends of dominant bacterial genera in the soil of different planting patterns are roughly the same, and the most dominant bacteria are Nitrososphaera, Gp6, Streptophyta, Subdivision3_genera_incertae_sedis, etc., and the succession changes are significant; these results indicate that changes in microbial diversity, community composition and structure in the soil are related to the planting pattern.

[0054] In summary, the method of the present invention compares the amount of fertilizer applied in rice production under different farming modes, reduces the amount of fertilizer applied through crop rotation and ecological planting, stabilizes production and increases efficiency while protecting the ecological environment, maintains the balance of the farmland ecosystem and the sustainable production of crops.

[0055] The above-mentioned embodiment only expresses one implementation mode of the present invention, and its description is relatively specific and detailed, but it cannot be understood as limiting the scope of the invention patent. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this field, several modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, which all belong to the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the patent of the present invention shall be based on the attached claims.

Claims

1. A method for comparing fertilizer application rates for rice production under different farming modes, characterized in that: The steps include: (1) Conduct research on different rice rotation methods and planting patterns before rice planting; (2) The fertilizer data collected during the survey were converted into nutrient application rates of N, P2O5, and K2O according to the specific nutrient content of the fertilizer types, and soil samples were collected from the surveyed rice fields to determine their soil properties; (3) After rice harvest, five soil cores were collected from each plot using a soil drill and mixed to form a composite soil sample. Soil samples were taken from each plot, and the soil samples were dried after removing plant roots and other debris. After the soil samples were air-dried to a constant weight, the samples were ground and pulverized, mixed, and then the samples were retained and sieved; (4) Determine the pH value and EC value of the soil sample; flatten the topsoil, collect the soil with a soil sampler, and flatten the soil at both ends of the soil sampler to make the soil volume constant, and then determine the soil bulk density; (5) Determine the total carbon, total nitrogen and organic matter content of sieved soil samples; (6) Determine the soil available phosphorus content and soil available potassium content; (7) The microbial diversity analysis method was then used for analysis.

2. A method for comparing fertilizer application rates for rice production under different farming modes as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In the step (1), the different rice rotation modes include: rice-wheat rotation, rice-green manure rotation and rice-fallow; the planting modes include ecological planting and conventional planting.

3. A method for comparing fertilizer application rates for rice production under different farming modes as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In the step (3), the soil core is 0 to 20 cm; 3 to 4 soil samples are taken from each plot, mixed, and then the samples are retained by the quartering method and sieved.

4. The method for comparing the amount of fertilizer applied to rice production under different farming modes according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step (4), the pH value of the soil sample is measured by a pH meter potentiometer method, the EC value of the soil sample is measured by a conductivity meter method, and the soil bulk density is measured by a drying method.

5. The method for comparing the amount of fertilizer applied to rice production under different farming modes as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In the step (5), the sieve aperture of the sieve for sieving the soil sample is 0.150 mm; the total carbon, total nitrogen and organic matter contents of the soil are determined using an element analyzer.

6. The method for comparing the amount of fertilizer applied to rice production under different farming modes as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In the step (6), the available phosphorus content in the soil is determined by using ammonium fluoride-hydrochloric acid and sodium bicarbonate extraction-molybdenum antimony anti-spectrophotometry according to the LY / T1232-2015 standard, and the available potassium content in the soil is determined by using ammonium acetate extraction-flame photometry according to the LY / T1234-2015 standard.

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