Ue mobility enhancements in mobile IAB

Abstract

A method for a user equipment (UE) is provided. The UE detects a movement indication provided by a mobile base station. The movement indication indicates a mobility attribute of the mobile base station. The UE determines whether it is moving with the mobile base station. In response to determining that the UE is moving with the mobile base station, the UE applies behavior based on the movement indication.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates generally to wireless communication systems, and more particularly to UE mobility enhancement in mobile integrated access and backhaul (IAB). Background Art

[0002] Wireless mobile communication technologies use various standards and protocols to send data between base stations and wireless mobile devices. Wireless communication system standards and protocols may include, but are not limited to, 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Long Term Evolution (LTE); fifth generation (5G) 3GPP New Radio (NR) standards; and technologies above 5G. In a fifth generation (5G) wireless radio access network (RAN), a base station may include a RAN node, such as a 5G node, a New Radio (NR) node, or a gNode B (gNB), which communicates with wireless communication devices, also known as user equipment (UE).

[0003] IAB was introduced in NR Release 16 and the work is progressing further. The IAB can provide flexible and scalable multi-hop backhaul using the same or different frequency bands for access and backhaul. The IAB donor is a logical node that provides NR-based wireless backhaul, and the IAB node is wirelessly backhauled to the IAB donor. In recent years, mobile IAB has attracted a lot of efforts and attention, and in this scenario, enhancements to UE mobility also need to be further discussed. Summary of the invention

[0004] According to one aspect of the present disclosure, a method for a user equipment (UE) is provided, the method comprising: detecting a mobility indication provided by a mobile base station, wherein the mobility indication indicates a mobility attribute of the mobile base station; determining whether the UE is moving with the mobile base station; and in response to determining that the UE is moving with the mobile base station, applying a behavior based on the mobility indication.

[0005] According to one aspect of the present disclosure, a device for a UE is provided. The device includes one or more processors. The one or more processors are configured to execute the steps of the method according to the present disclosure.

[0006] According to one aspect of the present disclosure, a computer readable medium is provided, on which a computer program is stored. When the computer program is executed by one or more processors, the device executes the steps of the method according to the present disclosure.

[0007] According to one aspect of the present disclosure, a method for a mobile base station is provided, the method comprising: configuring a mobility indication for indicating a mobility attribute of the mobile base station; and providing the mobility indication to a UE. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0008] Features and advantages of the present disclosure will be apparent from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, which together illustrate, by way of example, features of the present disclosure.

[0009] Figure 1 is a block diagram of a system including a base station and a user equipment (UE) according to some embodiments.

[0010] Figure 2 A flow chart of an exemplary method for a UE according to some embodiments is illustrated.

[0011] Figure 3 An exemplary diagram of a moving base station including different movement indications is illustrated.

[0012] Figure 4 An exemplary diagram illustrating UE behavior based on mobility indication is shown.

[0013] Figure 5 Another exemplary diagram illustrating UE behavior based on mobility indication.

[0014] Figure 6 A flow chart illustrating an exemplary method for moving a base station according to some embodiments is illustrated.

[0015] Figure 7 An exemplary block diagram of an apparatus for a UE according to some embodiments is illustrated.

[0016] Figure 8 An exemplary block diagram of an apparatus for moving a base station according to some embodiments is illustrated.

[0017] Fig. 9 Example components of an apparatus according to some embodiments are illustrated.

[0018] Fig.10 Example interfaces for baseband circuitry according to some embodiments are illustrated.

[0019] Fig.11 Components according to some embodiments are illustrated.

[0020] Fig.12 The architecture of a wireless network according to some embodiments is illustrated. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] In the present disclosure, a "base station" may include a RAN node such as an Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN) Node B (also commonly denoted as an evolved Node B, an enhanced Node B, an eNodeB, or an eNB) and / or a Radio Network Controller (RNC) and / or a 5G node, a New Radio (NR) node, or a gNode B (gNB), which communicates with a wireless communication device also referred to as a user equipment (UE). Although some examples may be described with reference to any of an E-UTRAN Node B, an eNB, an RNC, and / or a gNB, such devices may be replaced with any type of base station.

[0022] In technologies related to mobile Integrated Access and Backhaul (IAB) nodes, new requirements for mobility enhancement when a UE moves with a serving mobile IAB node are still under discussion.

[0023] In conventional solutions such as High Speed ​​Private Network (HSDN), although the serving base station can indicate its mobility to the UE, inaccurate behaviors may occur in cell reselection, UE access and UE handover between fixed network and mobile IAB nodes and / or between mobile IAB nodes.

[0024] In addition, since the mobile IAB node can be deployed in various application scenarios (such as trains, buses, or drones), the specific configuration of the mobile IAB node applied to these scenarios also needs to be considered so that the UE can determine how to behave in these scenarios.

[0025] To achieve this goal, the present disclosure provides UE mobility enhancement in mobile IAB. Various aspects of the present disclosure will be described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0026] Figure 1 is a block diagram of a system including a base station and a UE according to some embodiments. Figure 1 A wireless network 100 according to some embodiments is illustrated. The wireless network 100 includes a UE 101 and a base station 150 connected via an air interface 190. In some embodiments, the base station 150 may be a mobile base station, such as a mobile IAB node.

[0027] UE 101 and any other UE in the system may be, for example, a laptop, a smart phone, a tablet computer, a printer, a machine type device such as a smart meter or a dedicated device for healthcare monitoring, remote safety monitoring, an intelligent transportation system, or any other wireless device with or without a user interface. Base station 150 provides network connection to a wider network (not shown) to UE 101 via air interface 190 in the base station service area provided by base station 150. In some embodiments, such a wider network may be a wide area network operated by a cellular network provider, or may be the Internet. Each base station service area associated with base station 150 is supported by an antenna integrated with base station 150. The service area is divided into a plurality of sectors associated with certain antennas. Such sectors may be physically associated with fixed antennas, or may be assigned to a physical area with tunable antennas or antenna settings that may be adjusted in a beamforming process for directing signals to a particular sector. For example, one embodiment of base station 150 includes three sectors, each covering a 120 degree area, with antenna arrays pointing to each sector to provide 360 ​​degree coverage around base station 150.

[0028] UE 101 includes a control circuit 105 coupled to a transmitting circuit 110 and a receiving circuit 115. The transmitting circuit 110 and the receiving circuit 115 may each be coupled to one or more antennas. The control circuit 105 may be adapted to perform operations associated with machine type communication (MTC). In some embodiments, the control circuit 105 of UE 101 may perform calculations or may initiate measurements associated with the air interface 190 to determine the channel quality of the available connection to the base station 150. These calculations may be performed in conjunction with the control circuit 155 of the base station 150. The transmitting circuit 110 and the receiving circuit 115 may be adapted to transmit and receive data, respectively. The control circuit 105 may be adapted or configured to perform various operations, such as various operations related to the UE described elsewhere in this disclosure. The transmitting circuit 110 may transmit multiple multiplexed uplink physical channels. The multiple uplink physical channels may be multiplexed according to time division multiplexing (TDM) or frequency division multiplexing (FDM). The transmit circuit 110 may be configured to receive block data from the control circuit 105 for transmission across the air interface 190. Similarly, the receive circuit 115 may receive a plurality of multiplexed downlink physical channels from the air interface 190 and relay these physical channels to the control circuit 105. The uplink physical channels and downlink physical channels may be multiplexed according to TDM or FDM. The transmit circuit 110 and the receive circuit 115 may transmit and receive control data and content data (e.g., messages, images, videos, etc.) structured within data blocks carried by the physical channels.

[0029] Figure 1Also illustrated is a base station 150 according to various embodiments. The base station 150 circuitry may include a control circuit 155 coupled to a transmit circuit 160 and a receive circuit 165. The transmit circuit 160 and the receive circuit 165 may each be coupled to one or more antennas that may be used to enable communication via an air interface 190.

[0030] The control circuit 155 may be adapted to perform operations associated with MTC. The transmit circuit 160 and the receive circuit 165 may be adapted to transmit and receive data, respectively, within a narrow system bandwidth that is narrower than a standard bandwidth structured for personal communications. In some embodiments, for example, the transmit bandwidth may be set to or close to 1.4 MHz. In other embodiments, other bandwidths may be used. The control circuit 155 may perform various operations, such as base station-related operations described elsewhere in this disclosure.

[0031] Within the narrow system bandwidth, the transmission circuit 160 may transmit a plurality of multiplexed downlink physical channels. The plurality of downlink physical channels may be multiplexed according to TDM or FDM. The transmission circuit 160 may transmit the plurality of multiplexed downlink physical channels in a downlink superframe composed of a plurality of downlink subframes.

[0032] Within the narrow system bandwidth, the receiving circuit 165 can receive multiple multiplexed uplink physical channels. The multiple uplink physical channels can be multiplexed according to TDM or FDM. The receiving circuit 165 can receive the multiple multiplexed uplink physical channels in an uplink superframe composed of multiple uplink subframes.

[0033] As further described below, control circuitry 105 and control circuitry 155 may be involved in measuring channel quality of air interface 190. The channel quality may be based, for example, on physical obstacles between UE 101 and base station 150, electromagnetic signal interference from other sources, reflections, or indirect paths between UE 101 and base station 150, or other such signal noise sources. Based on the channel quality, data blocks may be scheduled for multiple retransmissions, such that transmit circuitry 110 may transmit copies of the same data multiple times, and receive circuitry 115 may receive multiple copies of the same data multiple times.

[0034] Figure 2 A flowchart of an exemplary method for a UE according to some embodiments is illustrated. In some embodiments, Figure 2 The illustrated method 200 may be performed by Figure 1 The described UE 101 implements.

[0035] In some embodiments, such as Figure 2As shown, the method 200 for UE includes the following steps: S202, detecting a mobility indication provided by a mobile base station, wherein the mobility indication indicates a mobility attribute of the mobile base station; S204, determining whether the UE is moving with the mobile base station; and S206, in response to determining that the UE is moving with the mobile base station, applying a behavior based on the mobility indication.

[0036] According to the methods of some embodiments of the present disclosure, the UE can perform accurate behavior based on the mobile indication indicating the mobility attribute of the mobile base station, which realizes UE mobility enhancement and avoids potential reference signal and control signal conflicts. Based on the mobile indication provided by the mobile base station, the UE may determine how to behave in a corresponding manner, so that enhancement of cell reselection, UE access and UE handover can be realized between a fixed network and the mobile base station and / or between multiple mobile base stations.

[0037] In the following, each step of the method 200 will be described in detail.

[0038] In step S202, the UE detects the mobility indication provided by the mobile base station. The mobility indication indicates the mobility attribute of the mobile base station.

[0039] In some embodiments, the mobile base station may include an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node.

[0040] In some embodiments, the mobility indication may be included as one or more bits in a system information block type 1 (SIB1) of the mobile base station to indicate the mobility attribute of the mobile base station, the mobility attribute including at least one of a mobility type, a mobility speed, and a mobility trajectory.

[0041] In some embodiments, the mobile indication may include a bit indicating the mobile type of the mobile base station. In one example, the mobile base station deployed on a train may have a bit indicating that the mobile type is a train (similar to the case in HSDN). In another example, the mobile base station deployed on a bus may have a bit indicating that the mobile type is a bus. Similarly, the mobile type can be a car, a drone, or a ship, etc.

[0042] In some embodiments, the mobile indication may include another bit indicating the mobile speed of the mobile base station. The bit may indicate a mobile speed range of the mobile base station. The mobile speed range may be fixed in the specification or may be configured in SIB or non-access stratum (NAS) signaling.

[0043] In some embodiments, the movement indication may include a further bit indicating the movement trajectory of the mobile base station. For example, the bit may indicate whether the movement trajectory of the mobile base station is a straight line, a circle, an irregular trajectory, etc. In one example, the network may maintain a common database in which different mobile base stations may register their planned itineraries.

[0044] In some embodiments, the movement indication may be configured with more than one bit indicating the movement attribute of the moving base station, which may include any combination of movement type, movement speed and / or movement trajectory.

[0045] According to the method of some embodiments of the present disclosure, by detecting the movement indication indicating the movement attribute of the mobile base station (including at least one of the movement type, the movement speed and the movement trajectory), the UE can be helped to determine the mobile base station with which it is moving. In this way, the UE can perform accurate actions, such as cell reselection, UE access and UE handover, to achieve the UE mobility enhancement.

[0046] Figure 3 An exemplary diagram of a moving base station including different movement indications is illustrated.

[0047] like Figure 3 As shown, a high-speed train 304 and a low-speed train 302 are passing through a train station 320. At the same time, a shuttle bus 306 running between the train station 320 and an airport 322 also passes through the train station 320. Each of the high-speed train 304, the low-speed train 302, and the shuttle bus 306 may have a corresponding mobile base station 334, a mobile base station 332, and a mobile base station 336 arranged thereon. A fixed base station 330 may be arranged in the train station 320.

[0048] In some embodiments, for a mobile base station 334 on a high-speed train 304 , its movement indication may indicate at least one of the following mobility attributes: 1) the movement type is a train; 2) the movement speed is a certain high-speed range; and 3) the movement trajectory is a straight line 314 .

[0049] In some embodiments, for the mobile base station 332 on the low-speed train 302, its movement indication may indicate at least one of the following mobility attributes: 1) the movement type is a train; 2) the movement speed is a certain medium speed range; and 3) the movement trajectory is a straight line 312.

[0050] In some embodiments, for the mobile base station 336 on the shuttle bus 306, its movement indication may indicate at least one of the following mobility attributes: 1) the movement type is bus; 2) the movement speed is a certain low speed range; and 3) the movement trajectory is circle 316.

[0051] The moving speed can be configured in a speed range manner. In some embodiments, a speed range exceeding 200 km / h (e.g., high-speed train 304) can be considered a high-speed range. In some embodiments, a speed range between 100 km / h and 200 km / h (e.g., low-speed train 302) can be considered a medium-speed range. In some embodiments, a speed range below 100 km / h (e.g., shuttle bus 306) can be considered a low-speed range.

[0052] Back to Figure 2 In step S204, the UE determines whether it is moving with the mobile base station.

[0053] In some embodiments, the step of the UE determining whether it is moving with the mobile base station may be based on UE specific implementation, conditions provided with the movement indication, or the location of the UE. In this way, the UE can identify the mobile base station moving with it by various methods, which improves the accuracy of identification.

[0054] In some embodiments, the UE may determine that it is moving with the mobile base station based on the specific implementation of the UE.

[0055] In some embodiments, the UE may determine that it is moving with the mobile base station based on the condition provided with the movement indication. The condition provided with the movement indication may include a speed threshold, a Doppler spread threshold, a measurement sensitivity threshold, or a number of cell crossings per unit time threshold.

[0056] In some embodiments, the UE may determine that it is moving with the mobile base station by determining that the moving speed of the UE satisfies the speed threshold.

[0057] In some embodiments, the UE may determine that it is moving with the mobile base station by determining that the Doppler spread of the UE satisfies the Doppler spread threshold.

[0058] In some embodiments, the UE may determine that it is moving with the mobile base station by determining that the measurement sensitivity of the UE satisfies a measurement sensitivity threshold.

[0059] In some embodiments, the UE may determine that it is moving with the mobile base station by determining that the number of cells crossed per unit time of the UE satisfies the threshold number of cells crossed per unit time.

[0060] According to the methods of some embodiments of the present disclosure, by means of various conditions provided together with the movement indication, the UE can improve the accuracy of identifying the mobile base station with which it is moving.

[0061] In some embodiments, the UE may determine that it is moving with the mobile base station based on the positioning of the UE. In some embodiments, the positioning of the UE may be obtained from a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) or a global positioning system (GPS). In one example, the moving speed and the moving trajectory of the UE may be determined after obtaining the positioning of the UE.

[0062] In step S206, in response to determining that the UE is moving with the mobile base station, the UE applies a behavior based on the movement indication.

[0063] In some embodiments, the step of the UE applying a behavior based on the movement indication may include the UE performing cell reselection by considering cells or frequencies having the same movement indication as the highest priority.

[0064] In some embodiments, based on the movement indication, the UE may consider the cell or frequency of the mobile station with which it is moving as the highest priority. Conversely, the cell or frequency of the mobile station with which the UE is not moving may be considered a lower priority.

[0065] The method according to some embodiments of the present disclosure increases the chance that the UE selects the cell or frequency of the mobile station with which it is moving by applying the priority rule.

[0066] In some embodiments, the step of the UE applying the behavior based on the mobile indication may include: the UE performs cell reselection by applying a configured scaling factor or offset to an idle measurement of a cell or frequency having the same mobile indication, wherein the configured scaling factor or offset is provided in the SIB1 of the mobile base station.

[0067] In some embodiments, the idle measurement of the cell or frequency with the same mobile indication may be at least one of: reference signal received power (RSRP), reference signal received quality (RSRQ), time interval Treselection RAT and Qhyst (quality hysteresis).

[0068] According to the methods of some embodiments of the present disclosure, since the configured scaling factor or offset can improve the measurement quality, the chance of the UE selecting the cell or frequency of the mobile station with which it is moving is increased.

[0069] In some embodiments, the step of the UE applying the behavior based on the mobility indication includes: the UE performs cell reselection by applying a configured scaling factor or offset to a cell reselection threshold for a cell or frequency having the same mobility indication, wherein the configured scaling factor or offset is provided in the SIB1 of the mobile base station.

[0070] In some embodiments, the cell reselection threshold may be at least one of: SnonIntraSearchP, SnonIntraSearchQ, ThreshX, HighQ, ThreshX, LowQ, ThreshX, HighP, ThreshServing, and LowP.

[0071] According to the method of some embodiments of the present disclosure, by reducing the cell reselection threshold of the mobile station with which the UE is moving, the chance of the UE selecting the cell or frequency of the mobile station is increased.

[0072] Figure 4 An exemplary diagram illustrating UE behavior based on mobility indication is shown.

[0073] like Figure 4 As shown, a high-speed train 404 and a low-speed train 402 are passing through a train station 420. Each of the high-speed train 404 and the low-speed train 402 may have a corresponding mobile base station 434, 432 arranged thereon. UE 444 and UE 442 move with the movement of the high-speed train 404 and the low-speed train 402, respectively. A fixed base station 430 may be arranged in the train station 420. UE 440 is stationary or moves with a user in the train station 420.

[0074] In some embodiments, in response to determining that the UE 444 is moving with the mobile base station 434, the UE 444 may select the cell or frequency of the mobile station 434 by considering the associated cell or frequency as the highest priority, or apply a configured scaling factor or offset to improve the idle measurement of the associated cell or reduce the cell reselection threshold of the associated cell. In this way, the chance of the UE 444 selecting the mobile base station 432 or the fixed base station 430 is reduced.

[0075] In some embodiments, more than one mobile base station may be arranged on a train. Figure 4 As shown in , high-speed train 404 may be deployed with, for example, mobile base station 434 and mobile base station 436. Mobile base station 434 and mobile base station 436 may be configured with the same mobility indication. During cell reselection, UE 444 may consider mobile base station 434 and mobile base station 436 as the highest priority.

[0076] In some embodiments, the step of the UE applying a behavior based on the movement indication may include: the UE performing cell reselection by considering cells or frequencies with different movement indications or cells or frequencies without the movement indication as the lowest priority.

[0077] Continue to refer Figure 4, in some embodiments, UE 444 that is moving with mobile base station 432 and mobile base station 436 may consider mobile base station 434 as the lowest priority because mobile base station 432 is arranged on low-speed train 402 and is therefore configured with a different movement indication. In some embodiments, UE 444 may consider fixed base station 430 as the lowest priority because fixed base station 430 is not configured with a movement indication. Similarly, in some embodiments, UE 440 that is not moving with mobile base station 434 and mobile base station 436 may consider mobile base station 434 and mobile base station 436 as the lowest priority.

[0078] In some embodiments, the cell with the same mobile indication may be provided in a cell list for intra-frequency cell reselection in a system information block type 3 (SIB3) of the mobile base station; and the frequency with the same mobile indication may be provided in a frequency list for inter-frequency cell reselection in a system information block type 4 (SIB4) of the mobile base station.

[0079] Figure 5 Another exemplary diagram illustrating UE behavior based on mobility indication.

[0080] like Figure 5 , UE 544 may move from one location on train 504 to another location on train 504 (e.g., from car 510 to another car 520). In some embodiments, this SIB3 of mobile base station 534 may provide a list of candidate cells for UE 544 to perform intra-frequency cell reselection, where these candidate cells are associated with mobile base stations 534 arranged on train 504. In some embodiments, this SIB4 of mobile base station 534 may provide a list of candidate cells for UE 544 to perform inter-frequency cell reselection, where these candidate cells are associated with mobile base stations 534 arranged on train 504. Therefore, UE 544 is less likely to select a cell or frequency that is not included in these lists.

[0081] According to the method of some embodiments of the present disclosure, using the cell list for the intra-frequency cell reselection and the frequency list for the inter-frequency cell reselection, the UE can preferably select a cell or frequency from these two lists, thereby increasing the chance that the UE selects a cell or frequency of a mobile station moving with it.

[0082] In some embodiments, in response to determining that the UE is not moving with the mobile base station, the UE may not perform access to a cell of the mobile base station, wherein a 1-bit indication is provided in the SIB1 of the mobile base station to indicate that the cell is accessible only to the UE that is moving with the mobile base station.

[0083] Re-reference Figure 4, UE 420 may simultaneously detect the presence of fixed base station 430, mobile base station 434, and mobile base station 432. Since a 1-bit indication is provided in SIB1 of each of mobile base station 434 and mobile base station 432, indicating that the cell is accessible only to the UE moving with the mobile base station, UE 420 may be prohibited from accessing mobile base station 434 and mobile base station 432 because it does not move with any of them.

[0084] According to the methods of some embodiments of the present disclosure, since the UE that is not moving with the mobile base station will not access the mobile base station, the overhead of the mobile base station can be reduced and more resources can be allocated to the UE that is moving with the mobile base station.

[0085] In some embodiments, the UE that does not move with the mobile base station may apply a reserved access identity (AI).

[0086] In some embodiments, the reserved access identity may be applied to the UE that is not moving with the mobile base station. In this way, the UE may have a lower probability of accessing the mobile base station. Therefore, the overhead of the mobile base station may be reduced, and more resources may be allocated to the UE that is moving with the mobile base station.

[0087] In some embodiments, the step of the UE applying a behavior based on the movement indication may include: the UE performing measurements for handover only on cells or frequencies having the same movement indication.

[0088] In some embodiments, the step of the UE applying the behavior based on the mobility indication may include: the UE performing measurements for handover based on a dedicated trigger event condition for cells or frequencies having different mobility indications.

[0089] In some embodiments, the dedicated trigger event condition may be configured for cells or frequencies with different mobility indications. Thus, the UE that is moving with the mobile base station may have fewer opportunities to report measurements of cells or frequencies with different mobility indications to the mobile base station. In this way, triggered measurement reports for frequencies / cells with different mobility indications may be reduced, and the overhead of the mobile base station may be reduced.

[0090] In some embodiments, the dedicated trigger event condition may include at least one of: a measurement trigger threshold for events A1 to A6, a hysteresis for events A1 to A6, and a trigger timer for events A1 to A6.

[0091] In some embodiments, the measurement report may be triggered in response to the measurement trigger for events A1 to A6 satisfying a measurement trigger threshold.

[0092] In some embodiments, the measurement report may be triggered in response to the hysteresis of events A1 to A6 satisfying a hysteresis threshold.

[0093] In some embodiments, the measurement report may be triggered in response to the trigger timer for events A1 to A6 satisfying the timing threshold.

[0094] In some embodiments, the step of the UE applying a behavior based on the mobility indication may include the UE performing measurements for handover based on a dedicated measurement object or quantity or a neighbor cell list.

[0095] In some embodiments, the step of the UE applying the behavior based on the mobility indication may include: the UE performs a conditional handover (CHO) based on a CHO condition, in which a mobility indication of a candidate target cell, a dedicated CHO condition and a dedicated trigger time are provided.

[0096] In some embodiments, the candidate target cells having the same mobility indication may be prioritized for CHO execution.

[0097] In some embodiments, the candidate target cells with different movement indications have a lower priority for CHO execution.

[0098] In some embodiments, candidate target cells with different mobility indicators may be configured with stricter conditions, while candidate target cells with the same mobility indicator may be configured with easier conditions. In this way, the chance of the UE selecting a cell or frequency with a different mobility indicator is reduced. In other words, the UE may have fewer opportunities to select a target cell with a different mobility indicator.

[0099] In some embodiments, the apparatus for the UE may include one or more processors configured to perform any one of the steps of the above-described method according to the present disclosure.

[0100] In some embodiments, a computer-readable medium may have a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by one or more processors, causes an apparatus to perform any one of the steps of the above-described method according to the present disclosure.

[0101] Figure 6 A flow chart illustrating an exemplary method for moving a base station according to some embodiments is illustrated. Figure 6 The illustrated method 600 may be performed by Figure 1 The described base station 150 is implemented by, for example, a mobile base station.

[0102] In some embodiments, the method 600 for a mobile base station may include the following steps: S602, configuring a mobility indication for indicating a mobility attribute of the mobile base station; and S604, providing the mobility indication to a UE.

[0103] In the following, each step of method 600 will be described. Note that for the sake of clarity, the referenced Figure 2 Those elements, expressions, features, etc. described and the corresponding description (regarding the UE).

[0104] In step S602, the mobile base station configures the mobility indication for indicating the mobility attribute of the mobile base station.

[0105] In step S604, the mobile base station provides the movement indication to the UE.

[0106] According to the methods of some embodiments of the present disclosure, the UE may perform accurate behavior based on the mobility indication indicating the mobility attribute of the mobile base station, which achieves UE mobility enhancement and avoids potential reference and control signal conflicts.

[0107] In some embodiments, the mobility indication may be included as one or more bits in the SIB1 of the mobile base station to indicate a mobility attribute of the mobile base station, the mobility attribute including at least one of a mobility type, a mobility speed, and a mobility trajectory.

[0108] According to the method of some embodiments of the present disclosure, by means of the movement indication indicating the movement attribute of the mobile base station (including at least one of the movement type, the movement speed and the movement trajectory), the UE can be helped to determine the mobile base station with which it is moving. In this way, the UE can perform accurate actions, such as cell reselection, UE access and UE handover, to achieve the UE mobility enhancement.

[0109] In some embodiments, the mobile base station may include the IAB node.

[0110] Figure 7 An exemplary block diagram of an apparatus for a UE according to some embodiments is illustrated. Figure 7 The illustrated apparatus 700 may be used to implement Figure 2 Method 200 is shown.

[0111] like Figure 7 As illustrated, the apparatus 700 includes a detection unit 710 , a determination unit 720 , and an application unit 730 .

[0112] The detection unit 710 is configured to detect a mobility indication provided by a mobile base station, wherein the mobility indication indicates a mobility attribute of the mobile base station.

[0113] The determining unit 720 is configured to determine whether the UE is moving with the mobile base station.

[0114] The applying unit 730 is configured to apply a behavior based on the movement indication in response to determining that the UE is moving with the mobile base station.

[0115] According to the apparatus of some embodiments of the present disclosure, the UE can perform accurate behavior based on the mobility indication indicating the mobility attribute of the mobile base station, which realizes UE mobility enhancement and avoids potential reference and control signal conflicts.

[0116] Figure 8 An exemplary block diagram of an apparatus for moving a base station according to some embodiments is illustrated. Figure 8 The illustrated apparatus 800 may be used to implement Figure 6 Method 600 is shown.

[0117] like Figure 8 As illustrated, the apparatus 800 includes a configuration unit 810 and a providing unit 820 .

[0118] The configuration unit 810 is configured to configure a mobility indication for indicating the mobility attribute of the mobile base station.

[0119] The providing unit 820 is configured to provide the movement indication to the UE.

[0120] According to the apparatus of some embodiments of the present disclosure, the UE can perform accurate behavior based on the mobility indication indicating the mobility attribute of the mobile base station, which realizes UE mobility enhancement and avoids potential reference and control signal conflicts.

[0121] Fig. 9Example components of the device 900 according to some embodiments are illustrated. In some embodiments, the device 900 may include at least an application circuit 902, a baseband circuit 904, a radio frequency (RF) circuit (shown as RF circuit 920), a front-end module (FEM) circuit (shown as FEM circuit 930), one or more antennas 932, and a power management circuit (PMC) (shown as PMC 934) coupled together as shown in the figure. The components of the illustrated device 900 may be included in a UE or a RAN node. In some embodiments, the device 900 may include fewer elements (for example, the RAN node may not utilize the application circuit 902, but include a processor / controller to process IP data received from the EPC). In some embodiments, the device 900 may include additional elements, such as, for example, a memory / storage device, a display, a camera, a sensor, or an input / output (I / O) interface. In other embodiments, the components described below may be included in more than one device (for example, the circuit may be separately included in more than one device for a cloud-RAN (C-RAN) specific implementation).

[0122] The application circuit 902 may include one or more application processors. For example, the application circuit 902 may include circuits such as, but not limited to, one or more single-core or multi-core processors. The processor may include any combination of general-purpose processors and special-purpose processors (e.g., graphics processors, application processors, etc.). The processor may be coupled to or may include a memory / storage device, and may be configured to execute instructions stored in the memory / storage device to enable various applications or operating systems to run on the device 900. In some embodiments, the processor of the application circuit 902 may process IP data packets received from the EPC.

[0123] The baseband circuit 904 may include circuits such as, but not limited to, one or more single-core or multi-core processors. The baseband circuit 904 may include one or more baseband processors or control logic components to process baseband signals received from the receive signal path of the RF circuit 920 and generate baseband signals for the transmit signal path of the RF circuit 920. The baseband circuit 904 may interact with the application circuit 902 to generate and process baseband signals and control the operation of the RF circuit 920. For example, in some embodiments, the baseband circuit 904 may include a third generation (3G) baseband processor (3G baseband processor 906), a fourth generation (4G) baseband processor (4G baseband processor 908), a fifth generation (5G) baseband processor (5G baseband processor 910), or other baseband processors 912 of other existing generations, under development, or to be developed in the future (e.g., second generation (2G), sixth generation (6G), etc.). The baseband circuit 904 (e.g., one or more of the baseband processors) may handle various radio control functions that implement communication with one or more radio networks via the RF circuit 920. In other embodiments, some or all of the functions of the exemplary baseband processor may be included in a module stored in the memory 918 and executed via the central processing unit (CPU 914). The radio control functions may include, but are not limited to, signal modulation / demodulation, encoding / decoding, radio frequency shifting, etc. In some embodiments, the modulation / demodulation circuit of the baseband circuit 904 may include a fast Fourier transform (FFT), pre-coding, or constellation mapping / demapping function. In some embodiments, the encoding / decoding circuit of the baseband circuit 904 may include convolution, tail-biting convolution, turbo, Viterbi, or low-density parity check (LDPC) encoder / decoder functions. The implementation of the modulation / demodulation and encoder / decoder functions is not limited to these examples, and may include other suitable functions in other embodiments.

[0124] In some embodiments, the baseband circuit 904 may include a digital signal processor (DSP), such as one or more audio DSPs 916. The one or more audio DSPs 916 may include elements for compression / decompression and echo cancellation, and may include other suitable processing elements in other embodiments. In some embodiments, the components of the baseband circuit may be appropriately combined in a single chip, a single chipset, or disposed on the same circuit board. In some embodiments, some or all of the components of the baseband circuit 904 and the application circuit 902 may be implemented together, such as on a system on a chip (SOC).

[0125] In some embodiments, the baseband circuit 904 may provide communications compatible with one or more radio technologies. For example, in some embodiments, the baseband circuit 904 may support communications with an Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (EUTRAN) or other wireless metropolitan area network (WMAN), wireless local area network (WLAN), wireless personal area network (WPAN). Embodiments in which the baseband circuit 904 is configured to support radio communications of more than one wireless protocol may be referred to as multi-mode baseband circuits.

[0126] RF circuit 920 may enable communication with a wireless network through a non-solid medium using modulated electromagnetic radiation. In various embodiments, RF circuit 920 may include switches, filters, amplifiers, etc. to facilitate communication with a wireless network. RF circuit 920 may include a receive signal path, which may include circuitry for down-converting an RF signal received from FEM circuit 930 and providing a baseband signal to baseband circuit 904. RF circuit 920 may also include a transmit signal path, which may include circuitry for up-converting a baseband signal provided by baseband circuit 904 and providing an RF output signal for transmission to FEM circuit 930.

[0127] In some embodiments, the receive signal path of the RF circuit 920 may include a mixer circuit 922, an amplifier circuit 924, and a filter circuit 926. In some embodiments, the transmit signal path of the RF circuit 920 may include a filter circuit 926 and a mixer circuit 922. The RF circuit 920 may also include a synthesizer circuit 928 for synthesizing frequencies used by the mixer circuits 922 of the receive signal path and the transmit signal path. In some embodiments, the mixer circuit 922 of the receive signal path may be configured to down-convert the RF signal received from the FEM circuit 930 based on the synthesized frequency provided by the synthesizer circuit 928. The amplifier circuit 924 may be configured to amplify the down-converted signal, and the filter circuit 926 may be a low pass filter (LPF) or a band pass filter (BPF) configured to remove unwanted signals from the down-converted signal to generate an output baseband signal. The output baseband signal may be provided to the baseband circuit 904 for further processing. In some embodiments, although this is not required, the output baseband signal may be a zero frequency baseband signal. In some embodiments, mixer circuit 922 of the receive signal path may include a passive mixer, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect.

[0128] In some embodiments, mixer circuit 922 of the transmit signal path may be configured to up-convert an input baseband signal based on a synthesized frequency provided by synthesizer circuit 928 to generate an RF output signal for FEM circuit 930. The baseband signal may be provided by baseband circuit 904 and may be filtered by filter circuit 926.

[0129] In some embodiments, the mixer circuit 922 of the receive signal path and the mixer circuit 922 of the transmit signal path may include two or more mixers and may be arranged for quadrature down-conversion and up-conversion, respectively. In some embodiments, the mixer circuit 922 of the receive signal path and the mixer circuit 922 of the transmit signal path may include two or more mixers and may be arranged for image suppression (e.g., Hartley image suppression). In some embodiments, the mixer circuit 922 of the receive signal path and the mixer circuit 922 of the transmit signal path may be arranged for direct down-conversion and direct up-conversion, respectively. In some embodiments, the mixer circuit 922 of the receive signal path and the mixer circuit 922 of the transmit signal path may be configured for superheterodyne operation.

[0130] In some embodiments, the output baseband signal and the input baseband signal may be analog baseband signals, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect. In some alternative embodiments, the output baseband signal and the input baseband signal may be digital baseband signals. In these alternative embodiments, the RF circuit 920 may include an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) circuit, and the baseband circuit 904 may include a digital baseband interface to communicate with the RF circuit 920.

[0131] In some dual-mode implementations, separate radio IC circuits may be provided to process signals for each spectrum, although the scope of the implementations is not limited in this respect.

[0132] In some embodiments, synthesizer circuit 928 may be a fractional-N synthesizer or a fractional-N / N+1 synthesizer, but the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this regard, as other types of frequency synthesizers may also be suitable. For example, synthesizer circuit 928 may be a delta-sigma synthesizer, a frequency multiplier, or a synthesizer including a phase-locked loop with a frequency divider.

[0133] The synthesizer circuit 928 may be configured to synthesize an output frequency based on the frequency input and the divider control input for use by the mixer circuit 922 of the RF circuit 920. In some embodiments, the synthesizer circuit 928 may be a fractional-N / N+1 synthesizer.

[0134] In some embodiments, the frequency input may be provided by a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO), although this is not required. The divider control input may be provided by baseband circuitry 904 or application circuitry 902 (such as an application processor) according to the desired output frequency. In some embodiments, the divider control input (e.g., N) may be determined from a lookup table based on the channel indicated by application circuitry 902.

[0135] The synthesizer circuit 928 of the RF circuit 920 may include a frequency divider, a delay locked loop (DLL), a multiplexer, and a phase accumulator. In some embodiments, the frequency divider may be a dual-mode frequency divider (DMD), and the phase accumulator may be a digital phase accumulator (DPA). In some embodiments, the DMD may be configured to divide the input signal by N or N+1 (e.g., based on carry) to provide a fractional division ratio. In some example embodiments, the DLL may include a cascaded, tunable, delay element, a phase detector, a charge pump, and a D-type flip-flop set. In these embodiments, the delay element may be configured to divide the VCO cycle into Nd equal phase groups, where Nd is the number of delay elements in the delay line. In this way, the DLL provides negative feedback to help ensure that the total delay through the delay line is one VCO cycle.

[0136] In some embodiments, the synthesizer circuit 928 can be configured to generate a carrier frequency as the output frequency; while in other embodiments, the output frequency can be a multiple of the carrier frequency (e.g., twice the carrier frequency, four times the carrier frequency) and used with a quadrature generator and divider circuit to generate multiple signals with multiple different phases relative to each other at the carrier frequency. In some embodiments, the output frequency can be the LO frequency (f LO ). In some embodiments, RF circuit 920 may include an IQ / polarity converter.

[0137] The FEM circuitry 930 may include a receive signal path that may include circuitry configured to operate on RF signals received from one or more antennas 932, amplify the received signals, and provide an amplified version of the received signals to the RF circuitry 920 for further processing. The FEM circuitry 930 may also include a transmit signal path that may include circuitry configured to amplify transmit signals provided by the RF circuitry 920 for transmission by one or more of the one or more antennas 932. In various embodiments, amplification by the transmit or receive signal paths may be accomplished only in the RF circuitry 920, only in the FEM circuitry 930, or in both the RF circuitry 920 and the FEM circuitry 930.

[0138] In some embodiments, the FEM circuit 930 may include a TX / RX switch to switch between transmit mode and receive mode operation. The FEM circuit 930 may include a receive signal path and a transmit signal path. The receive signal path of the FEM circuit 930 may include an LNA to amplify the received RF signal and provide the amplified received RF signal as an output (e.g., to the RF circuit 920). The transmit signal path of the FEM circuit 930 may include a power amplifier (PA) to amplify the input RF signal (e.g., provided by the RF circuit 920), and one or more filters to generate an RF signal for subsequent transmission (e.g., through one or more of the one or more antennas 932).

[0139] In some embodiments, the PMC 934 can manage the power provided to the baseband circuit 904. Specifically, the PMC 934 can control power source selection, voltage scaling, battery charging, or DC-DC conversion. When the device 900 is capable of being powered by a battery, for example, when the device 900 is included in a UE, the PMC 934 can generally be included. The PMC 934 can improve power conversion efficiency while providing the desired specific implementation size and heat dissipation characteristics.

[0140] Fig. 9 PMC 934 is shown coupled only to baseband circuitry 904. However, in other embodiments, PMC 934 may additionally or alternatively be coupled to other components (such as, but not limited to, application circuitry 902, RF circuitry 920, or FEM circuitry 930) and perform similar power management operations for these components.

[0141] In some embodiments, the PMC 934 may control or otherwise be part of various power saving mechanisms of the device 900. For example, if the device 900 is in an RRC connected state, in which the device remains connected to a RAN node because it expects to receive traffic soon, the device may enter a state known as discontinuous reception mode (DRX) after a period of inactivity. During this state, the device 900 may be powered off for short time intervals, thereby saving power.

[0142] If there is no data traffic activity for an extended period of time, the device 900 may transition to an RRC Idle state, in which the device is disconnected from the network and does not perform operations such as channel quality feedback, handover, etc. The device 900 enters a very low power state and performs paging, in which the device periodically wakes up again to listen to the network and then powers off again. The device 900 cannot receive data in this state, and in order to receive data, the device transitions back to the RRC Connected state.

[0143] An additional power saving mode can render the device unavailable for use of the network for periods exceeding the paging interval, ranging from a few seconds to several hours. During this period, the device is completely unable to connect to the network and can be completely powered down. Any data transmitted during this period will incur significant latency, assuming that latency is acceptable.

[0144] The processor of the application circuit 902 and the processor of the baseband circuit 904 can be used to execute elements of one or more instances of the protocol stack. For example, the processor of the baseband circuit 904 can be used alone or in combination to perform layer 3, layer 2, or layer 1 functions, while the processor of the application circuit 902 can utilize data received from these layers (e.g., packet data) and further perform layer 4 functions (e.g., transmit communication protocol (TCP) and user datagram protocol (UDP) layers). As mentioned herein, layer 3 may include a radio resource control (RRC) layer, which will be described in further detail below. As mentioned herein, layer 2 may include a medium access control (MAC) layer, a radio link control (RLC) layer, and a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer, which will be described in further detail below. As mentioned herein, layer 1 may include a physical (PHY) layer of a UE / RAN node, which will be described in further detail below.

[0145] Fig.10 An example interface 1000 of a baseband circuit according to some embodiments is illustrated. As discussed above, Fig. 9 The baseband circuit 904 may include a 3G baseband processor 906, a 4G baseband processor 908, a 5G baseband processor 910, other baseband processors 912, a CPU 914, and a memory 918 utilized by the processors. As illustrated, each of these processors may include a corresponding memory interface 1002 to transmit data to / receive data from the memory 918.

[0146] The baseband circuit 904 may also include one or more interfaces to communicatively couple to other circuits / devices, such as a memory interface 1004 (e.g., an interface for transmitting / receiving data to / from a memory external to the baseband circuit 904), an application circuit interface 1006 (e.g., an interface for transmitting / receiving data to / from a memory external to the baseband circuit 904), and an application circuit interface 1007 (e.g., an interface for transmitting / receiving data to / from a memory external to the baseband circuit 904). Fig. 9 1008 (for example, an interface for transmitting / receiving data to / from the application circuit 902) and an RF circuit interface 1008 (for example, an interface for transmitting / receiving data to / from the application circuit 902). Fig. 9 an interface for transmitting / receiving data to / from a RF circuit 920), a wireless hardware connection interface 1010 (e.g., for transmitting / receiving data to / from a near field communication (NFC) component, Parts (e.g. Low power consumption), components and other communication components to transmit / receive data) and a power management interface 1012 (for example, an interface for transmitting / receiving power or control signals to / from the PMC 934).

[0147] Fig.11 1 is a block diagram illustrating a component 1100 capable of reading instructions from a machine-readable or computer-readable medium (e.g., a non-transitory machine-readable storage medium) and capable of performing any one or more of the methods discussed herein, according to some example embodiments. Specifically, Fig.11 A diagrammatic representation of hardware resources 1102 is shown including one or more processors 1112 (or processor cores), one or more memory / storage devices 1118, and one or more communication resources 1120, each of which may be communicatively coupled via a bus 1122. For embodiments in which node virtualization (e.g., NFV) is utilized, a hypervisor 1104 may be executed to provide an execution environment for one or more network slices / sub-slices to utilize the hardware resources 1102.

[0148] Processor 1112 (e.g., a central processing unit (CPU), a reduced instruction set computing (RISC) processor, a complex instruction set computing (CISC) processor, a graphics processing unit (GPU), a digital signal processor (DSP) (such as a baseband processor), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a radio frequency integrated circuit (RFIC), another processor, or any suitable combination thereof) may include, for example, processor 1114 and processor 1116.

[0149] The memory / storage device 1118 may include main memory, disk storage, or any suitable combination thereof. The memory / storage device 1118 may include, but is not limited to, any type of volatile or non-volatile memory, such as dynamic random access memory (DRAM), static random access memory (SRAM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), flash memory, solid-state storage, etc.

[0150] The communication resources 1120 may include interconnect or network interface components or other suitable devices to communicate with one or more peripheral devices 1106 or one or more databases 1108 via the network 1110. For example, the communication resources 1120 may include wired communication components (e.g., for coupling via a universal serial bus (USB)), cellular communication components, NFC components, Parts (e.g. Low power consumption), components and other communication components.

[0151] The instructions 1124 may include software, programs, applications, applet, applications, or other executable code for causing at least any of the processors 1112 to perform any one or more of the methods discussed herein. The instructions 1124 may reside in whole or in part within at least one of the processor 1112 (e.g., within a cache memory of the processor), the memory / storage device 1118, or any suitable combination thereof. In addition, any portion of the instructions 1124 may be passed to the hardware resources 1102 from any combination of the peripheral device 1106 or the database 1108. Thus, the memory of the processor 1112, the memory / storage device 1118, the peripheral device 1106, and the database 1108 are examples of computer-readable and machine-readable media.

[0152] For one or more embodiments, at least one of the components shown in one or more of the foregoing figures may be configured to perform one or more operations, techniques, processes and / or methods described in the following example section. For example, the baseband circuit described above in conjunction with one or more of the foregoing figures may be configured to operate according to one or more of the examples described below. For another example, the circuits associated with the UE, base station, network element, etc. described above in conjunction with one or more of the foregoing figures may be configured to operate according to one or more of the examples described below in the example section.

[0153] Fig.12 The architecture of a system 1200 of a network according to some embodiments is illustrated. The system 1200 includes one or more user equipments (UEs), shown in this example as UE 1202 and UE 1204. UE 1202 and UE 1204 are illustrated as smart phones (e.g., handheld touch screen mobile computing devices capable of connecting to one or more cellular networks), but may also include any mobile or non-mobile computing devices, such as personal data assistants (PDAs), pagers, laptop computers, desktop computers, wireless handheld terminals, or any computing device including a wireless communication interface.

[0154] In some embodiments, any of UE 1202 and UE 1204 may include an Internet of Things (IoT) UE, which may include a network access layer designed for low-power IoT applications that utilize short-term UE connections. The IoT UE may utilize technologies such as machine-to-machine (M2M) or machine-type communication (MTC) to exchange data with an MTC server or device via a public land mobile network (PLMN), proximity-based services (ProSe) or device-to-device (D2D) communication, a sensor network, or an IoT network. The M2M or MTC data exchange may be a machine-initiated data exchange. The IoT network describes interconnected IoT UEs, which may include uniquely identifiable embedded computing devices (within the Internet infrastructure) with short-lived connections. The IoT UE may execute background applications (e.g., keep-alive messages, status updates, etc.) to facilitate connectivity to the IoT network.

[0155] UE 1202 and UE 1204 may be configured to connect (e.g., be communicatively coupled) to a radio access network (RAN) (illustrated as RAN 1206). RAN 1206 may be, for example, an Evolved Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (E-UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN), a Next Generation RAN (NG RAN), or some other type of RAN. UE 1202 and UE 1204 utilize connection 1208 and connection 1210, respectively, each of which includes a physical communication interface or layer (discussed in further detail below); in this example, connection 1208 and connection 1210 are illustrated as air interfaces to achieve communicatively coupling, and may be consistent with a cellular communication protocol, such as a Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) protocol, a Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) network protocol, a Push-to-Talk (PTT) protocol, a Cellular PTT protocol (POC), a Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) protocol, a 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) protocol, a Fifth Generation (5G) protocol, a New Radio (NR) protocol, and the like.

[0156] In this embodiment, UE 1202 and UE 1204 may also directly exchange communication data via the ProSe interface 1212. The ProSe interface 1212 may alternatively be referred to as a sidelink interface including one or more logical channels including, but not limited to, a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH), a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH), a physical sidelink discovery channel (PSDCH), and a physical sidelink broadcast channel (PSBCH).

[0157] UE 1204 is shown configured to access an access point (AP) (shown as AP 1214) via connection 1216. Connection 1216 may include a local wireless connection, such as a connection consistent with any IEEE 802.11 protocol, where AP 1214 would include wireless fidelity In this example, AP 1214 may be connected to the Internet without being connected to the core network of the wireless system (described in further detail below).

[0158] The RAN 1206 may include one or more access nodes that enable connectivity 1208 and connectivity 1210. These access nodes (ANs) may be referred to as base stations (BSs), Node Bs, evolved Node Bs (eNBs), next generation Node Bs (gNBs), RAN nodes, etc., and may include ground stations (e.g., terrestrial access points) or satellite stations that provide coverage within a geographic area (e.g., a cell). The RAN 1206 may include one or more RAN nodes for providing macro cells, such as the macro RAN node 1218, and one or more RAN nodes for providing femto cells or pico cells (e.g., cells with smaller coverage, smaller user capacity, or higher bandwidth than macro cells), such as low power (LP) RAN nodes (such as the LP RAN node 1220).

[0159] Either the macro RAN node 1218 or the LP RAN node 1220 may terminate the air interface protocol and may be the first point of contact for the UE 1202 and the UE 1204. In some embodiments, either the macro RAN node 1218 or the LP RAN node 1220 may fulfill various logical functions of the RAN 1206, including, but not limited to, functions of a radio network controller (RNC), such as radio bearer management, uplink and downlink dynamic radio resource management, data packet scheduling, and mobility management.

[0160] According to some embodiments, UE 1202 and UE 1204 may be configured to communicate with each other or with either macro RAN node 1218 and LP RAN node 1220 over a multi-carrier communication channel using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) communication signals according to various communication techniques, such as, but not limited to, orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) communication techniques (e.g., for downlink communication) or single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) communication techniques (e.g., for uplink and ProSe or sidelink communication), although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect. OFDM signals may include multiple orthogonal subcarriers.

[0161] In some embodiments, a downlink resource grid may be used for downlink transmissions from either the RAN node 1218 and the LP RAN node 1220 to the UE 1202 and the UE 1204, while uplink transmissions may utilize similar techniques. The grid may be a time-frequency grid, referred to as a resource grid or a time-frequency resource grid, which is a physical resource in the downlink in each time slot. For OFDM systems, such a time-frequency plane representation is common practice, which makes radio resource allocation intuitive. Each column and each row of the resource grid corresponds to an OFDM symbol and an OFDM subcarrier, respectively. The duration of the resource grid in the time domain corresponds to a time slot in a radio frame. The smallest time-frequency unit in the resource grid is represented as a resource element. Each resource grid includes a plurality of resource blocks, which describe the mapping of certain physical channels to resource elements. Each resource block includes a set of resource elements; in the frequency domain, this may represent the minimum amount of resources currently allocable. Such resource blocks are used to transport several different physical downlink channels.

[0162] The physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) may carry user data and higher layer signaling to the UE 1202 and the UE 1204. The physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) may carry information about the transport format and resource allocation related to the PDSCH channel, among other things. The PDCCH may also inform the UE 1202 and the UE 1204 of the transport format, resource allocation, and H-ARQ (Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request) information related to the uplink shared channel. Typically, downlink scheduling (allocation of control channel resource blocks and shared channel resource blocks to the UE 1204 within the cell) may be performed at either the macro RAN node 1218 and the LP RAN node 1220 based on channel quality information fed back from either the UE 1202 and the UE 1204. Downlink resource allocation information may be sent on the PDCCH for (e.g., allocated to) each of the UE 1202 and the UE 1204.

[0163] PDCCH can use control channel elements (CCE) to convey control information. Before being mapped to resource elements, the PDCCH complex-valued symbols can first be organized into four tuples, which can then be arranged using a sub-block interleaver for rate matching. One or more of these CCEs can be used to send each PDCCH, where each CCE can correspond to four sets of nine physical resource elements, called resource element groups (REGs). Four orthogonal phase shift keying (QPSK) symbols can be mapped to each REG. Depending on the size of the downlink control information (DCI) and channel conditions, one or more CCEs can be used to send PDCCH. There can be four or more different PDCCH formats with different numbers of CCEs (e.g., aggregation levels, L=1, 2, 4, or 8) in LTE.

[0164] Some embodiments may use the concept of resource allocation for control channel information, which is an extension of the above concept. For example, some embodiments may utilize an enhanced physical downlink control channel (EPDCCH) that uses PDSCH resources for control information transmission. One or more enhanced control channel elements (ECCEs) may be used to transmit EPDCCH. Similar to the above, each ECCE may correspond to four sets of nine physical resource elements, referred to as enhanced resource element groups (EREGs). In some cases, ECCEs may have other numbers of EREGs.

[0165] The RAN 1206 is communicatively coupled to a core network (CN) (shown as CN 1228) via an S1 interface 1222. In an embodiment, the CN 1228 may be an evolved packet core (EPC) network, a next generation packet core (NPC) network, or some other type of CN. In this embodiment, the S1 interface 1222 is divided into two parts: an S1-U interface 1224, which carries traffic data between the macro RAN node 1218 and the LP RAN node 1220 and the serving gateway (S-GW) (shown as S-GW 1232); and an S1-mobility management entity (MME) interface (shown as S1-MME interface 1226), which is a signaling interface between the macro RAN node 1218 and the LP RAN node 1220 and the MME 1230.

[0166] In this embodiment, CN 1228 includes MME 1230, S-GW 1232, Packet Data Network (PDN) Gateway (P-GW) (shown as P-GW 1234) and Home Subscriber Server (HSS) (shown as HSS1236). MME 1230 can be similar in function to the control plane of a conventional Serving General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) Support Node (SGSN). MME 1230 can manage access-related mobility aspects such as gateway selection and tracking area list management. HSS1236 can include a database for network users, which includes subscription-related information for supporting network entities to handle communication sessions. Depending on the number of mobile subscribers, the capacity of the equipment, the organization of the network, etc., CN 1228 can include one or more HSS1236. For example, HSS1236 can provide support for routing / roaming, authentication, authorization, naming / addressing resolution, location dependency, etc.

[0167] The S-GW 1232 may terminate the S1 interface 1222 towards the RAN 1206 and route data packets between the RAN 1206 and the CN 1228. In addition, the S-GW 1232 may be a local mobility anchor for inter-RAN node handovers and may also provide an anchor for inter-3GPP mobility. Other responsibilities may include lawful interception, charging, and enforcement of certain policies.

[0168] The P-GW 1234 may terminate the SGi interface towards the PDN. The P-GW 1234 may route data packets between the CN 1228 (e.g., the EPC network) and an external network (such as a network including an application server 1242 (alternatively referred to as an application function (AF)) via an Internet Protocol (IP) interface (illustrated as an IP communication interface 1238). Generally speaking, the application server 1242 may be an element that provides an application that uses IP bearer resources with a core network (e.g., a UMTS packet service (PS) domain, an LTE PS data service, etc.). In this embodiment, the P-GW 1234 is shown as being communicatively coupled to the application server 1242 via the IP communication interface 1238. The application server 1242 may also be configured to support one or more communication services (e.g., voice over Internet protocol (VoIP) sessions, PTT sessions, group communication sessions, social networking services, etc.) for the UE 1202 and UE 1204 via the CN 1228.

[0169] The P-GW 1234 may also be a node for policy enforcement and charging data collection. The Policy and Charging Enforcement Function (PCRF) (shown as PCRF 1240) is a policy and charging control element of the CN 1228. In a non-roaming scenario, there may be a single PCRF in a domestic public land mobile network (HPLMN) associated with an Internet Protocol Connectivity Access Network (IP-CAN) session of a UE. In a roaming scenario with local traffic breakout, there may be two PCRFs associated with an IP-CAN session of a UE: a domestic PCRF (H-PCRF) within the HPLMN and a visited PCRF (V-PCRF) within a visited public land mobile network (VPLMN). The PCRF 1240 may be communicatively coupled to an application server 1242 via the P-GW 1234. The application server 1242 may signal the PCRF 1240 to indicate a new service flow and select appropriate quality of service (QoS) and charging parameters. The PCRF 1240 may provide the rules to a Policy and Charging Enforcement Function (PCEF) (not shown) with the appropriate Traffic Flow Template (TFT) and QoS Class Identifier (QCI), which initiates the QoS and charging specified by the Application Server 1242.

[0170] Additional Embodiments

[0171] For one or more embodiments, at least one of the components shown in one or more of the foregoing figures may be configured to perform one or more operations, techniques, processes and / or methods described in the following example section. For example, the baseband circuit described above in conjunction with one or more of the foregoing figures may be configured to operate according to one or more of the examples described below. For another example, the circuits associated with the UE, base station, network element, etc. described above in conjunction with one or more of the foregoing figures may be configured to operate according to one or more of the examples described below in the example section.

[0172] The following embodiments refer to further embodiments.

[0173] Embodiment 1 is a method for user equipment (UE), the method comprising: detecting a mobility indication provided by a mobile base station, wherein the mobility indication indicates a mobility attribute of the mobile base station; determining whether the UE is moving with the mobile base station; and in response to determining that the UE is moving with the mobile base station, applying a behavior based on the mobility indication.

[0174] Embodiment 2 is the method described in embodiment 1, wherein the mobility indication is included as one or more bits in the system information block type 1 (SIB1) of the mobile base station to indicate the mobility attribute of the mobile base station, and the mobility attribute includes at least one of the mobility type, the mobility speed and the mobility trajectory.

[0175] Embodiment 3 is the method of embodiment 1 or embodiment 2, wherein whether the UE is moving with the mobile base station is determined based on UE specific implementation, conditions provided together with the movement indication, or positioning of the UE.

[0176] Embodiment 4 is the method of embodiment 3, wherein the condition provided together with the movement indication comprises a speed threshold, a Doppler spread threshold, a measurement sensitivity threshold, or a cell crossing number threshold per unit time.

[0177] Embodiment 5 is the method of any one of embodiments 1 to 4, wherein applying the behavior based on the movement indication comprises: performing cell reselection by considering cells or frequencies with the same movement indication as the highest priority.

[0178] Embodiment 6 is the method of any one of embodiments 1 to 4, wherein applying the behavior based on the mobility indication comprises: performing cell reselection by considering cells or frequencies with different mobility indications or cells or frequencies without the mobility indication as the lowest priority.

[0179] Embodiment 7 is a method described in any one of embodiments 1 to 4, wherein applying the behavior based on the mobile indication includes: performing cell reselection by applying a configured scaling factor or offset to an idle measurement of a cell or frequency having the same mobile indication, wherein the configured scaling factor or offset is provided in a system information block type 1 (SIB1) of the mobile base station.

[0180] Embodiment 8 is a method described in any one of embodiments 1 to 4, wherein applying the behavior based on the mobility indication includes: performing cell reselection by applying a configured scaling factor or offset to a cell reselection threshold for a cell or frequency having the same mobility indication, wherein the configured scaling factor or offset is provided in a system information block type 1 (SIB1) of the mobile base station.

[0181] Embodiment 9 is a method described in any one of Embodiments 5, 7 and 8, wherein the cell having the same mobile indication is provided in a cell list for intra-frequency cell reselection in a system information block type 3 (SIB3) of the mobile base station; and the frequency having the same mobile indication is provided in a frequency list for inter-frequency cell reselection in a system information block type 4 (SIB4) of the mobile base station.

[0182] Embodiment 10 is a method according to any one of embodiments 1 to 9, the method further comprising: in response to determining that the UE does not move with the mobile base station, not performing access to the cell of the mobile base station, wherein a 1-bit indication is provided in the system information block type 1 (SIB1) of the mobile base station to indicate that the cell is accessible only to the UE that moves with the mobile base station.

[0183] Embodiment 11 is the method of embodiment 10, wherein the UE that does not move with the mobile base station applies a reserved access identity (AI).

[0184] Embodiment 12 is the method of any one of embodiments 1 to 10, wherein applying the behavior based on the mobility indication comprises: performing measurements for handover only on cells or frequencies having the same mobility indication.

[0185] Embodiment 13 is the method of any one of embodiments 1 to 12, wherein applying the behavior based on the mobility indication comprises performing measurements for handover based on dedicated triggering event conditions for cells or frequencies with different mobility indications.

[0186] Embodiment 14 is the method of embodiment 13, wherein the dedicated trigger event condition comprises at least one of: a measurement trigger threshold for events A1 to A6, a hysteresis for events A1 to A6, and a trigger timer for events A1 to A6.

[0187] Embodiment 15 is the method of any one of embodiments 1 to 14, wherein applying the behavior based on the mobility indication comprises performing measurements for handover based on a dedicated measurement object or quantity or a neighbor cell list.

[0188] Embodiment 16 is a method described in any one of embodiments 1 to 15, wherein applying the behavior based on the mobility indication includes: performing a conditional handover (CHO) based on a CHO condition, in which the mobility indication of the candidate target cell, a dedicated CHO condition, and a dedicated trigger time are provided.

[0189] Embodiment 17 is the method of embodiment 16, wherein the candidate target cells having the same mobility indication are preferentially used for CHO execution.

[0190] Embodiment 18 is the method of any one of embodiments 1 to 17, wherein the mobile base station comprises an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node.

[0191] Embodiment 19 is a device for a user equipment (UE), the device comprising: one or more processors, the one or more processors being configured to execute the steps of the method according to any one of Embodiments 1 to 18.

[0192] Embodiment 20 is a computer-readable medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by one or more processors, causes a device to perform the steps of the method described in any one of Embodiments 1 to 18.

[0193] Embodiment 21 is a method for a mobile base station, the method comprising: configuring a mobility indication for indicating a mobility attribute of the mobile base station; and providing the mobility indication to a user equipment (UE).

[0194] Embodiment 22 is the method described in embodiment 21, wherein the mobility indication is included as one or more bits in the system information block type 1 (SIB1) of the mobile base station to indicate the mobility attributes of the mobile base station, and the mobility attributes include at least one of the mobility type, the mobility speed and the mobility trajectory.

[0195] Embodiment 23 is the method of embodiment 21 or 22, wherein the mobile base station comprises an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node.

[0196] Embodiment 24 is a computer program product, which includes a computer program, which, when executed by one or more processors, causes an apparatus to perform the steps of the method according to any one of embodiments 1 to 18.

[0197] Embodiment 25 is an apparatus for a communication device, the apparatus comprising means for executing the steps of the method according to any one of embodiments 1 to 18.

[0198] Embodiment 26 is a computer program product, which includes a computer program, which, when executed by one or more processors, causes an apparatus to perform the steps of the method according to any one of embodiments 21 to 23.

[0199] Embodiment 27 is an apparatus for a communication device, the apparatus comprising means for executing the steps of the method according to any one of Embodiments 21 to 23.

[0200] Embodiment 28 is a device for a mobile base station, the device comprising: one or more processors, the one or more processors being configured to execute the steps of the method according to any one of Embodiments 21 to 23.

[0201] Embodiment 29 is a computer-readable medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by one or more processors, causes a device to perform the steps of a method according to any one of embodiments 21 to 23.

[0202] Unless explicitly stated otherwise, any of the embodiments described above may be combined with any other embodiment (or combination of embodiments). The foregoing description of one or more specific implementations provides illustration and description, but is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the scope of the embodiments to the precise form disclosed. In view of the above teachings, modifications and variations are possible or can be obtained from the practice of various embodiments.

[0203] It should be appreciated that the systems described herein include descriptions of specific embodiments. These embodiments may be combined into a single system, partially combined into other systems, separated into multiple systems, or otherwise divided or combined. In addition, it is contemplated that parameters / attributes / aspects, etc. of one embodiment may be used in another embodiment. For clarity, these parameters / attributes / aspects, etc. are described only in one or more embodiments, and it should be appreciated that unless otherwise stated herein, these parameters / attributes / aspects, etc. may be combined with or substituted for parameters / attributes, etc. of another embodiment.

[0204] It is understood that the use of personally identifiable information should be subject to privacy policies and practices that are generally recognized to meet or exceed industry or government requirements for maintaining user privacy. In particular, personally identifiable information data should be managed and processed to minimize the risk of unintentional or unauthorized access or use, and the nature of the authorized use should be clearly stated to users.

[0205] Although the foregoing has been described in considerable detail for the sake of clarity, it will be apparent that certain changes and modifications may be made without departing from the principles of the invention. It should be noted that there are many alternative ways to implement both the processes and the apparatus described herein. Therefore, the embodiments of the present invention should be regarded as illustrative rather than restrictive, and the specification is not limited to the details given herein, but may be modified within the scope and equivalents of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method for a user equipment (UE), the method comprising: detecting a mobility indication provided by a mobile base station, wherein the mobility indication indicates a mobility attribute of the mobile base station; determining whether the UE is moving with the mobile base station; as well as In response to determining that the UE is moving with the moving base station, an action based on the movement indication is applied.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the mobility indication is included as one or more bits in a system information block type 1 (SIB1) of the mobile base station to indicate the mobility attribute of the mobile base station, the mobility attribute comprising at least one of a mobility type, a mobility speed, and a mobility trajectory.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: A determination is made whether the UE is moving with the moving base station based on UE specific implementation, conditions provided with the movement indication, or a location of the UE.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein the condition provided together with the movement indication comprises a speed threshold, a Doppler spread threshold, a measurement sensitivity threshold, or a cell crossing number threshold per unit time.

5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein applying a behavior based on the movement indication comprises: Cell reselection is performed by considering cells or frequencies having the same movement indication as the highest priority.

6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein applying a behavior based on the movement indication comprises: The cell reselection is performed by considering a cell or frequency having a different movement indication or a cell or frequency having no movement indication as the lowest priority.

7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein applying a behavior based on the movement indication comprises: Cell reselection is performed by applying a configured scaling factor or offset to idle measurements of cells or frequencies having the same mobile indication, wherein the configured scaling factor or offset is provided in a System Information Block Type 1 (SIB1) of the mobile base station.

8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein applying a behavior based on the movement indication comprises: Cell reselection is performed by applying a configured scaling factor or offset to a cell reselection threshold for cells or frequencies having the same mobility indication, wherein the configured scaling factor or offset is provided in a system information block type 1 (SIB1) of the mobile base station.

9. The method according to any one of claims 5, 7 and 8, wherein the cell with the same mobile indication is provided in a cell list for intra-frequency cell reselection in a system information block type 3 (SIB3) of the mobile base station; and the frequency with the same mobile indication is provided in a frequency list for inter-frequency cell reselection in a system information block type 4 (SIB4) of the mobile base station.

10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, further comprising: In response to determining that the UE is not moving with the mobile base station, access to a cell of the mobile base station is not performed, wherein a 1-bit indication is provided in a system information block type 1 (SIB1) of the mobile base station to indicate that the cell is accessible only to the UE moving with the mobile base station.

11. The method of claim 10, wherein the UE that does not move with the mobile base station applies a reserved access identity (AI).

12. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein applying a behavior based on the movement indication comprises: Measurements for handover are performed only on cells or frequencies having the same movement indication.

13. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein applying a behavior based on the movement indication comprises: Measurements for handover are performed based on dedicated trigger event conditions for cells or frequencies with different movement indications. 14 . The method of claim 13 , wherein the dedicated trigger event condition comprises at least one of: a measurement trigger threshold for events A1 to A6 , a hysteresis for events A1 to A6 , and a timer for triggering of events A1 to A6 .

15. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein applying a behavior based on the movement indication comprises: Measurements for handover are performed based on dedicated measurement objects or numbers or a neighbor cell list.

16. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein applying a behavior based on the movement indication comprises: Conditional Handover (CHO) is performed based on CHO conditions in which the movement indication of the candidate target cell, dedicated CHO conditions and dedicated triggering time are provided.

17. The method of claim 16, wherein the candidate target cells having the same movement indication are prioritized for CHO execution.

18. The method of any one of claims 1 to 17, wherein the mobile base station comprises an Integrated Access and Backhaul (IAB) node.

19. An apparatus for a user equipment (UE), the apparatus comprising: One or more processors configured to perform the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 18.

20. A computer readable medium having stored thereon a computer program which, when executed by one or more processors, causes an apparatus to perform the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 18.

21. A method for a mobile base station, the method comprising: configuring a mobility indication for indicating a mobility attribute of the mobile base station; as well as The movement indication is provided to a user equipment (UE).

22. The method of claim 21 , wherein the mobility indication is included as one or more bits in a system information block type 1 (SIB1) of the mobile base station to indicate a mobility attribute of the mobile base station, the mobility attribute comprising at least one of a mobility type, a mobility speed, and a mobility trajectory.

23. A method according to claim 21 or 22, wherein the mobile base station comprises an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node.

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