Lodging-resistant high-yield silicon fertilizer for avena sativa

Abstract

The invention discloses a lodging-resistant high-yield silicon fertilizer for oats, and relates to the technical field of silicon fertilizers applied to oats. The lodging-resistant high-yield silicon fertilizer is characterized in that the application amount of effective silicon in the silicon fertilizer is 60-90kg / hm < 2 >; and the silicon fertilizer is analytically pure sodium silicate Na2SiO3. 5H2O. The invention also discloses a preparation method of the According to the lodging-resistant high-yield silicon fertilizer for oats, when the application amount of the silicon fertilizer is 60-90 kg / hm < 2 >, the lodging-resistant capability of oats can be remarkably improved, and the lodging-resistant high-yield silicon fertilizer is mainly characterized in that the height of the gravity center is reduced; the second internode of the stem base is shortened and thickened, the wall thickness is increased, and the inner diameter is reduced; meanwhile, the breaking strength and the puncture strength of the second internode stem of the stem base are increased, the number of tillering plants in unit area is reduced, the density in unit area is effectively reduced, and the average fresh weight of a single plant is higher; by increasing the average fresh weight of a single plant, the fresh and dry yields of forage grass per mu are effectively improved, the fresh / dry ratio is high, and the palatability of the fresh oat forage grass is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of applying silicon fertilizer to oats, in particular to a silicon fertilizer for hulled oats that resists lodging and has high yield. Background Art

[0002] Inner Mongolia is the main oat producing area in northern my country, but strong winds and heavy rains are generally concentrated in the growing season of oats. If the cultivation and management are not proper, lodging is very likely to occur. Lodging refers to the phenomenon that upright plants become crooked in groups, or even the whole plant falls to the ground. Lodging is divided into two types: stem lodging and root lodging. Plant stem lodging is the most common lodging phenomenon, which is mainly caused by the low hardness and flexibility of the plant's own stems. There are many reasons for this, such as weak lodging resistance of the variety, excessive planting density, tall plants, heavy rain, strong winds, and pests and diseases. If stem lodging occurs in the early reproductive period, it can return to an upright state; while plant root lodging is a direct fall from the root without breaking or damaging the stem, and the plant itself cannot resume normal upright growth.

[0003] At present, lodging is as serious as drought and salinization, and has become one of the main problems in oat production. Lodging causes a series of adverse reactions such as the obstruction of oat photosynthetic substance accumulation and the aggravation of pests and diseases, which seriously affects the oat yield and straw feeding quality, and restricts the high-quality, efficient and safe production of oat forage. Lodging and various undesirable ecological factors restrict the production and development of agriculture and animal husbandry. In order to resist the impact of various adverse environmental factors on crops, researchers have conducted analyses from various aspects such as genetic basis, soil improvement, and growth regulation, so that high-yield and high-quality grain can be obtained even in a harsh ecological environment. However, the economic cost and time consumption of this series of improvement measures are relatively high.

[0004] Oat lodging is a common problem in oat production and is also very destructive. It has always been a major obstacle to the cultivation and production of cereal crops, which not only reduces grain yield and quality, but also makes harvesting difficult. Oat lodging usually occurs during the growth period from heading to milk maturity. In addition to changing genetic characteristics, another effective way to prevent plant lodging is to improve cultivation measures, increase the hardness and flexibility of the stems, increase the contact area between the roots and the soil, and improve grip.

[0005] In the field production process, silicon fertilizer can effectively increase the silicification degree of crop stems, increase crude fiber content, and reduce lodging rate. Generally speaking, the content of silicon in gramineous crops is relatively high. Silicon inhibits transpiration rate by settling in cell walls and other parts, reduces photosynthetic midday phenomenon, and promotes the accumulation of photosynthetic products; at the same time, it also accelerates the silicification degree of stems to resist external interference, and the hard stem wall can resist the invasion and expansion of pests and diseases. Silicification and lignification can greatly reduce the occurrence of oat lodging, but the improvement of lodging resistance will inevitably affect the feeding characteristics of oat stems.

[0006] At present, silicon fertilizer is widely used in rice cultivation, and it has good effects in enhancing rice's resistance to lodging, disease and pests, enhancing photosynthesis, and accelerating rice biomass accumulation. However, silicon fertilizer is less used in other crops. In order to allow more crops to use silicon fertilizer efficiently, researchers have made silicon dioxide into nanoparticles. Nano silicon fertilizer is one of the promising technologies that can be used in precision agriculture and sustainable agriculture.

[0007] Silicon is the only element that will not cause toxicity due to excessive accumulation. It is recognized as one of the elements that can resist many stresses. In production, sodium silicate can be used as a quick-acting silicon fertilizer. Sodium silicate can promote plant tillering and increase dry matter accumulation. Summary of the invention

[0008] The invention provides a lodging-resistant and high-yield silicon fertilizer for oats. Oats of different lodging types are used as test materials. Different silicon fertilizer application levels are used to conduct in-depth research on the effects of lodging resistance and yield of oats. The invention aims to clarify the optimal silicon application level for oats, which has important practical significance for guiding the efficient production of oats.

[0009] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides a high-yield silicon fertilizer for hulled oats, wherein the effective silicon application amount of the silicon fertilizer is 60-90 kg / hm 2 .

[0010] Preferably, the silicon fertilizer is analytically pure sodium silicate Na2SiO3·5H2O.

[0011] Preferably, the silicon fertilizer is applied by mixing it with base fertilizer.

[0012] Preferably, the anti-lodging comprises lowering the center of gravity height, shortening and thickening the second internode at the stem base and increasing the wall thickness, reducing the inner diameter of the second internode at the stem base, increasing the bending resistance of the stem at the second internode at the stem base, and increasing the puncture strength of the stem at the second internode at the stem base.

[0013] Preferably, the high yield includes a reduction in the number of tillers per unit area, a reduction in density per unit area, an increase in the average fresh weight of a single plant, an increase in the fresh / dry yield per mu of forage, and an increase in the fresh / dry ratio.

[0014] The present invention discloses a high-yield silicon fertilizer for hulled oats, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0015] (1) The present invention conducts an in-depth study on the effects of sodium silicate Na2SiO3 (analytical grade 99.00%) on the lodging resistance and yield of hulled oats, thereby avoiding the interference of the finished silicon fertilizer on the market with multiple mineral elements such as potassium, calcium, magnesium, and zinc that are beneficial to the lodging resistance of plants and the research on single-factor silicon.

[0016] (2) Silicon fertilizer is applied by mixing it with base fertilizer. Compared with spraying liquid silicon fertilizer on the plant surface in the later stage, it reduces labor input and saves costs, while also reducing the troubles caused by environmental factors.

[0017] (3) Sodium silicate Na2SiO3 (analytical purity 99.00%) has the characteristics of low cost, small dosage, easy acquisition and quick effect compared with the finished silicon fertilizer on the market.

[0018] (4) The application rate of silicon fertilizer is 60-90 kg / hm 2 When the temperature is high, the lodging resistance of oats can be significantly improved, which is mainly manifested in the reduction of the center of gravity height; the second internode at the base of the stem is shortened and thickened, the wall thickness increases, and the inner diameter decreases; at the same time, the stem bending resistance and stem puncture strength of the second internode at the base of the stem are increased, and at the same time, the number of tillers per unit area is reduced, the density per unit area is effectively reduced, and the average fresh weight of a single plant is higher; the increase in the average fresh weight of a single plant effectively increases the fresh and dry yield of forage per mu, has a higher fresh / dry ratio, and increases the palatability of fresh oats.

[0019] The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below through the accompanying drawings and embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 The available silicon content in soil after harvest under different silicon fertilizer treatments. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages disclosed in the embodiments of the present invention more clearly understood, the embodiments of the present invention are further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0022] Embodiment 1

[0023] (1) Material selection:

[0024] Two oat varieties were determined based on the lodging resistance of the stems, including Mengyan No. 1 and Dingyan No. 2, which have different drought resistance. Both are skin oats. Mengyan No. 1 is a strong lodging resistance variety from the Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences. It is a spring mid-maturing variety with a growing period of about 88 days. Dingyan No. 2 is a weak lodging resistance variety from the Dingxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences. It is a spring mid-late maturing variety with dark green seedlings and an upright shape. The growing period is about 115 days.

[0025] (2) Experimental design:

[0026] Field test, the test set 5 silicon fertilizer levels, silicon fertilizer using sodium silicate Na2SiO3 (analytical grade 99.00%). -2 (CK), 30kg·hm -2 (Si30), 60kg·hm -2 (Si60), 90kg·hm -2 (Si90) and 120kg·hm -2 (Si120), different silicon application levels are calculated according to the area of ​​the plot, namely CK: 0kg / plot, Si1: 0.045kg / plot, Si2: 0.090kg / plot, Si3: 0.135kg / plot, Si4: 0.180kg / plot.

[0027] A total of three different ecological zone sample plots were set up in Wuchuan County, Hohhot City, Ulanqab Agricultural and Forestry Research Institute, Chahar Right Front Banner, Ulanqab City, and Modern Agricultural Expo Park of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Tumote Right Banner. The experiment was repeated four times and the plot area was 15m 2 The plots were arranged completely randomly, with machine furrowing and manual strip sowing, with a block spacing of 1m, a row spacing of 25cm, and a sowing depth of 5cm. Different ecological zones were sown according to the local farming system period, with a total of 40 plots in one plot.

[0028] Apply compound fertilizer N-P2O5-K2O (18-18-18) 150kg·hm2 during land preparation before sowing -2 As basal fertilizer, that is, 0.225 kg per plot, in order to increase the biomass of the aboveground forage and obtain higher forage yield, nitrogen fertilizer (urea 75 kg·hm -2 ) as topdressing. When sowing, silicon fertilizers with different contents and base fertilizers were applied into the furrow at the same time as the seeds, and the soil was covered to suppress the seeds. Pay attention to irrigation during the entire growth period of oats. All treatments were irrigated normally at different silicon fertilizer levels (normal irrigation during the entire growth period, manual weeding was performed twice at the seedling stage and boot stage). The sowing amount was determined to be 180kg·hm according to the oat forage planting standard. -2 , that is, 12kg / mu, that is, about 0.27kg is sown in each plot, and the optimal planting density is 450 plants·m -2 The relevant indicators and final yield were measured at the two growth stages of grain filling and milk maturity.

[0029] The basic nutrient indexes of the test soil in the test area are shown in Table 1:

[0030] Table 1 Basic nutrient indexes of soil in the test area

[0031] area Ulanqab City Wuchuan County Tumote Right Banner Nitrogen g / kg 1.92 1.34 1.85 Phosphorus g / kg 1.08 0.58 1.08 Potassium g / kg 17.55 17.44 18.82 Alkaline nitrogen mg / kg 74.32 78.73 93.71 Available phosphorus mg / kg 27.83 86.89 7.88 Available potassium mg / kg 159.85 143.40 156.35 Organic carbon g / kg 14.20 9.24 16.91 Organic matter g / kg 24.48 15.93 29.16 pH (water-soil ratio 2.5:1) 8.37 7.03 8.10 Effective silicon content mg / kg 168.48 153.33 138.68

[0032] (3) Test indicators: The indicators are measured during the grain filling and milk maturity stages of oats.

[0033] ① The actual field lodging situation and lodging classification of oats with different silicon fertilizers are shown in Table 2.

[0034] Among them, the growth period of oats is: heading stage, early grain filling stage, grain filling stage, late grain filling stage, milky stage, and mature stage.

[0035] Actual lodging rate: the ratio of actual lodging area to plot area.

[0036] Lodging grade standard: Field statistics are conducted at the grain filling stage and milky stage of oats, and the lodging grade is based on the evaluation method of Ren Changzhong et al.

[0037] The lodging area standard is divided into four levels, calculated according to the percentage of the lodging area in the plot to the total area of ​​the test plot: Level 0: no lodging in the plot; Level 1: 0-15% lodging; Level 2: 15%-45% lodging; Level 3: more than 45% lodging.

[0038] The degree of lodging is divided into four levels, measured according to the angle between the plant and the ground after it is tilted: Level 0: no lodging in the plot; Level 1: 0-15°; Level 2: 15°-45°; Level 3: above 45°.

[0039] Lodging angle: the angle between the plant and the ground.

[0040] Table 2 Actual field lodging conditions and lodging classification of oats under different silicon fertilizers

[0041]

[0042] Note: SiCK-Si120 means the experimental plots were fertilized with 0 kg / hm 2 -120kg / hm 2 Sodium silicate was used as silicon fertilizer. All data are mean ± SD of each repeated treatment (n = 4). Different lowercase letters after numbers in the same column indicate significant differences at the p < 0.05 level.

[0043] It can be seen from Table 2 that in different ecological domains, two varieties with different lodging resistance show different lodging times during the growth period.

[0044] In Tumote Right Banner, Dingyan 2, which has a weak lodging resistance, has a delayed first lodging time as the concentration of silicon fertilizer increases with the growth period. 2 、90kg / hm 2 The lodging period of the two treatments was delayed compared with the other treatments. At the same time, the lodging area of ​​these two treatments was smaller and the lodging angle was the largest. Mengyan No. 1, which has a strong lodging resistance, did not lodging during the entire growth period.

[0045] Ulanqab City Dingyan No. 2 60kg / hm 2 、90kg / hm 2 The lodging occurred in the filling period of the treatment. Compared with other treatments, the lodging period was delayed, the lodging area was the smallest, and the lodging angle was the largest. Although Mengyan No. 1, which had a strong lodging resistance, also lodged, it lodged later than Dingyan No. 2 in all treatments, and the 60kg / hm 2 No lodging occurred during the entire growth period.

[0046] Dingyan 2 in Wuchuan County, Hohhot City 60kg / hm 2 、90kg / hm 2 Lodging occurred in this treatment during the grain filling stage, which was later than that in other treatments. Mengyan No. 1, which had a strong lodging resistance, did not experience lodging during the entire growth period.

[0047] ② The effects of different silicon fertilizer treatments on oat plant height and center of gravity height characteristics in Tumote Right Banner are shown in Table 3. Among them:

[0048] Stalk type index: plant height (cm) / rhizome diameter (mm).

[0049] Plant height (cm): Use a tape measure to measure the height from the base of the plant to the top of the inflorescence.

[0050] Center of gravity height (cm): Use a tape measure to measure the distance from the base of the stem to the balance fulcrum.

[0051] Stalk lodging index = stalk center of gravity height (cm) × single stalk fresh weight (with ear, leaves and leaf sheaths, g) / stalk bending strength (N).

[0052] Table 3 Effects of different silicon fertilizer treatments on oat plant height and center of gravity height characteristics in different ecological zones

[0053]

[0054]

[0055]

[0056] Note: Data are the mean ± SD of each repeated treatment (n = 4); different capital letters after the numbers in the same column indicate significant differences at p < 0.01 and p < 0.05 levels.

[0057] As shown in Table 3, under different concentrations of silicon fertilizer treatment, the plant height of two oat varieties with different lodging resistance in Ulanqab City showed different characteristics at different stages and no regularity, while the center of gravity height and culm type index of the two varieties showed the same characteristics at the filling stage, that is, 60 kg / hm 2 、90kg / hm2 The effect was most obvious under the treatment. The center of gravity height and culm index of Mengyan No. 1 in the milk stage were 30 kg / hm 2 、90kg / hm 2 The treatment was good, and Dingyan No. 2 still performed at 60kg / hm 2 、90kg / hm 2 The most significant treatment was under treatment. For the comprehensive evaluation index of lodging resistance, Mengyan No. 1 was 90kg / hm 2 The lodging resistance of Dingyan 2 was the best under the treatment, and it was 90kg / hm 2 、60kg / hm 2 Optimal processing.

[0058] Based on the plant height and center of gravity in Tumote Right Banner, it can be seen that Mengyan No. 1 and Dingyan No. 2 showed 60kg / hm2 in the grain filling stage and milky stage, respectively. 2 、90kg / hm 2 Treatment, 60kg / hm 2 、60kg / hm 2 The treatment had the highest plant height. The plant height and center of gravity height of Bimengyan No. 1 and Dingyan No. 2 were 60kg / hm in the grain filling stage and milky stage, respectively. 2 、30kg / hm 2 Treatment, 60kg / hm 2 、90kg / hm 2 The treatment effect was the best. The stalk shape index and lodging resistance index of Mengyan No. 1 showed 60kg / hm2 in different growth stages. 2 The comprehensive effect of the treatment was the best. The culm shape index and lodging resistance index of Dingyan No. 2 were 90kg / hm 2 、60kg / hm 2 The best treatment is 60kg / hm2 at the milk stage. 2 The treatment is ideal.

[0059] The plant height of Mengyan 1 and Dingyan 2 in Wuchuan County was 60kg / hm during the grain filling period. 2 The highest treatment was achieved, Dingyan No. 2 at 30kg / hm2 in the milk-ripening stage 2 Under the treatment, plant height increased rapidly and reached the highest level. Plant height was negatively correlated with lodging resistance index, which was not friendly to lodging resistance. However, it had a positive effect on increasing yield. The center of gravity height and culm type index of Mengyan No. 1 variety at different growth stages were 30kg / hm 2 、90kg / hm 2 The treatment was optimal, and the lodging resistance index was 30kg / hm at different growth stages. 2 、60kg / hm 2There were significant differences under the treatment conditions. The center of gravity height of Dingyan 2 was the lowest under ck treatment at different periods, which may be caused by the low ear yield. The culm type index and lodging resistance index were 60 kg / hm2 and 80 kg / hm3 respectively at different growth stages. 2 、90kg / hm 2 Treatment and 90kg / hm 2 、30kg / hm 2 Best to deal with it.

[0060] ③ The effects of different silicon fertilizer treatments on the characteristics of the second stem node of oats at the grain filling stage are shown in Table 4, and the effects on the characteristics of the second stem node of oats at the milky stage are shown in Table 5.

[0061] Among them, M: Mengyan No. 1; D: Dingyan No. 2; S: Salaqi Town, Tumd Right Banner; J: Pingdiquan Town, Chayouqian Banner, Ulanqab City; W: Wuchuan County, Hohhot City.

[0062] Thickness of the second node at the base of the stem (mm): Use a vernier caliper to measure the thickness of the second node at the base of the main stem.

[0063] Length of the second node at the base of the stem (cm): Use a tape measure to measure the length of the second to last node at the base of the main stem.

[0064] The wall thickness of the second node at the base of the stem (mm): Use a vernier caliper to measure the wall thickness of the second node at the base of the main stem.

[0065] Inner diameter of the second node at the base of the stem (mm): Use a vernier caliper to measure the inner diameter of the second node at the base of the main stem.

[0066] Fresh weight and dry weight (g) of the second node at the base of the main stem: accurately weigh the fresh weight of the second node at the base of the main stem, wither at 105°C for 30 min, dry at 80°C to constant weight, and finally accurately weigh the dry weight of the stem using an electronic balance.

[0067] Table 4 Effects of different silicon fertilizer treatments on the characteristics of the second stem node of oats during the grain filling period

[0068]

[0069]

[0070] Note: Data are the mean ± SD of each repeated treatment (n = 4); different lowercase and uppercase letters after the numbers in the same column indicate significant differences at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01 levels, respectively.

[0071] Table 5 Effects of different silicon fertilizer treatments on the characteristics of the second stem node of oats at milky maturity

[0072]

[0073]

[0074] Note: Data are the mean ± SD of each repeated treatment (n = 4); different lowercase and uppercase letters after the numbers in the same column indicate significant differences at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01 levels, respectively.

[0075] The second internode thickness: The maximum second internode thickness of the MS60 treatment was 4.57±0.43mm; while the minimum second internode thickness of the DWCK treatment was 2.92±0.26mm. This indicates that the two oat varieties in different regions and under different silicon fertilizer treatment conditions may be affected by different environmental factors during their growth, resulting in differences in internode thickness.

[0076] The length of the second stem node: The length of the second stem node in the DSCK treatment was the longest, 12.97 ± 2.35 mm, while the length of the second stem node in the MS60 treatment was the shortest, 6.79 ± 1.50 mm. This difference may reflect the differences in plant growth rate and growth cycle in different regions.

[0077] Wall thickness: The wall thickness of MJ60 and MJ90 treatments was the largest, 1.01 ± 0.15 mm and 0.90 ± 0.12 mm, respectively, while the wall thickness of DWCK treatment was the thinnest, 0.37 ± 0.07 mm. The difference in wall thickness may be related to the structural strength of the plant and the growth conditions.

[0078] Inner diameter: The inner diameter of the MW60 treatment was the largest, 4.30±0.45 mm, while the inner diameter of the MJCK treatment was the smallest, 2.06±0.52 mm. The size of the inner diameter may be related to the water transport capacity and internal structure of the plant.

[0079] Fresh weight of the second stem node: The fresh weight of the second stem node treated with MJ60 was the largest, 1.01±0.26g, while the fresh weight of the second stem node treated with MSCK was the smallest, 0.37±0.01g. The difference in fresh weight may be related to the growth status and biomass of the plants.

[0080] The dry weight of the second stem node: The dry weight of the second stem node treated with DJ90 was the largest, which was 0.25±0.01g, while the dry weight of the second stem node treated with MSCK was the smallest, which was 0.11±0.01g. Dry weight reflects the amount of organic matter in plant tissues and may be related to the growth rate and photosynthesis efficiency of plants.

[0081] ④ The effects of different silicon fertilizer treatments on the physical properties of oat stems (breaking strength, puncture strength, and group lodging resistance) are shown in Table 6:

[0082] Stem bending strength (N): measured by YYD-1A portable plant stem strength meter (Zhejiang Topyun Instrument Co., Ltd.), the first and second nodes without leaf sheaths are placed in the groove of the measuring instrument, with a distance of 5 cm between the two supporting points, and the flat pressure probe of the stem strength meter is placed in the middle of the stem to be tested, and then the stem is pressed with a steady force to make it break instantly. The maximum value recorded is the stem bending strength.

[0083] Stalk puncture strength (N): measured using a YYD-1A portable plant stem strength meter with a puncture probe (cross-sectional area of ​​1 mm 2 ), place the first and second nodes after removing the leaf sheath in the groove, adjust the distance between the two fulcrums to 5 cm, insert it vertically downward into the middle of the internode with a steady force at a uniform speed, and the maximum value recorded when the probe instantly penetrates into the stem is the stem puncture strength.

[0084] Table 6 Effects of different silicon fertilizer treatments on the physical properties of oat stems

[0085]

[0086]

[0087] Note: Data are the mean ± standard deviation of each repeated treatment (n = 4); different lowercase letters after the same column numbers indicate significant differences at the p < 0.05 level. M: Mengyan No. 1; D: Dingyan No. 2

[0088] As shown in Table 6, the fracture resistance and puncture strength of Mengyan No. 1 in Ulanqab City at the filling stage and milky stage are 60kg / hm 2 、90kg / hm 2 The treatment effect is the best. The greater the external pressure that the stem can withstand, the stronger the lodging resistance is. The two indicators of Dingyan No. 2 in the grain filling stage and milk maturity stage are 60kg / hm 2 、60kg / hm 2 Treatment and 60kg / hm 2 、90kg / hm 2 The best results were obtained under the treatment conditions; the two indicators of Mengyan 1 and Dingyan 2 in Tumote Right Banner during the filling and milk maturity periods were 60 kg / hm 2 、60kg / hm 2 and 90kg / hm 2 、90kg / hm 2 The lodging resistance was the strongest under the treatment conditions; the breaking strength and puncture strength of Mengyan No. 1 in Wuchuan County during the two growth periods were 60kg / hm 2 、60kg / hm 2 The best treatment is 90kg / hm2 for Dingyan No.2 2 、90kg / hm 2The lodging resistance was the best under the treatment conditions.

[0089] ⑤The effects of different ecological zone types and silicon fertilizer treatments on the stem lodging index of different varieties of oats are shown in Table 7.

[0090] Stalk lodging index = single stem fresh weight (ear, leaves and leaf sheaths) × stalk gravity center height / stalk bending resistance;

[0091] Lodging resistance index = stem breaking resistance / (stem length × single ear fresh weight).

[0092] Table 7 Effects of different ecological zone types and silicon fertilizer treatments on the stem lodging index of different varieties of oats

[0093]

[0094] Note: Data are the mean ± standard deviation of each repeated treatment (n = 4); different lowercase and uppercase letters after the numbers in the same column indicate significant differences at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01 levels, respectively.

[0095] As shown in Table 7, different periods and treatment conditions also showed different significant effects on the stem lodging index of two oat varieties with different lodging resistance. The stem lodging index of Tumote Right Banner Mengyan No. 1 and Dingyan No. 2 in the grain filling stage and milk maturity stage was CK, 120kg / hm 2 The effect of CK and CK treatments was the worst, and lodging was most likely to occur. The lodging index of Mengyan 1 and Dingyan 2 in the grain filling and milk maturity stages in Ulanqab City was CK, CK, 120kg / hm 2 The effect was the worst under the treatment conditions, and lodging was most likely to occur. In Wuchuan County, the stem lodging index of Mengyan 1 and Dingyan 2 in the grain filling and milk maturity stages was CK and 120 kg / hm 2 Treatment, 60kg / hm 2 、90kg / hm 2 The effect is the worst under the treatment conditions and lodging is most likely to occur.

[0096] ⑥ Analysis of F values ​​of agronomic traits of ecological zones, treatments and varieties at different times, as shown in Table 8:

[0097] Table 8 Analysis of variance (F value) of agronomic traits among ecological zones, treatments and varieties at different periods

[0098]

[0099] Note: ** indicates significant difference at 0.01 level, * indicates significant difference at 0.05 level, ns indicates no significant difference, *** indicates extremely significant difference.

[0100] Through variance analysis, it was found that under the interaction of ecological zone, variety and treatment, the centroid height, second internode diameter, second internode length, second internode wall thickness and hay yield in the filling stage showed significant differences, and the plant height, centroid height, second internode diameter and second internode length in the milky stage showed significant differences.

[0101] ⑦ The effective silicon content in soil after harvest treated with different silicon fertilizers Figure 1 As shown (there are significant differences in the available silicon content in the soil among the treatments).

[0102] According to the analysis of the basic physical and chemical properties of the soil before sowing and the available silicon content in the soil after sowing, the available silicon content in the soil before sowing in Ulanqab City, Tumote Right Banner and Wuchuan County was 168.48 mg / kg, 153.33 mg / kg and 138.68 mg / kg respectively. As oats grow and develop, the available silicon content in the soil of the CK control group in different regions increased after harvest compared with that before sowing. This may be because the conversion of available silicon in the soil was promoted during the growth of oats. The silicon content in the soil of other treatments was higher than that before sowing, and the differences between the treatments were not very significant, which indicates that the silicon fertilizer applied was converted into effective silicon by the soil and absorbed and utilized by plants.

[0103] ⑧ The effects of different ecological zones and silicon fertilizer treatments on the yield of two varieties of oat hay are shown in Table 9 below:

[0104] Table 9 Effects of different ecological zones and silicon fertilizer treatments on the yield of two varieties of oat hay

[0105]

[0106]

[0107] The data are the mean ± standard deviation of each repeated treatment (n = 4). Different lowercase letters after the data indicate significant differences among different silicon fertilizer treatments (p < 0.05).

[0108] Through the experimental analysis, it can be seen that Mengyan No. 1 with strong lodging resistance and Dingyan No. 2 with weak lodging resistance can promote the accumulation of dry matter and increase forage yield when applied with appropriate silicon fertilizer. Different ecological zones reflect that if forage is harvested at the filling stage and milk maturity stage, Mengyan No. 1 and Dingyan No. 2 are applied with 60kg / hm 2 、90kg / hm 2 Pure silicon (sodium silicate) forage hay has the highest yield and the best economic benefits.

[0109] In summary, the two oat varieties with different lodging resistance both showed good growth when silicon fertilizer application rate was 60-90 kg / hm2. 2When the temperature is high, the lodging resistance of oats can be significantly improved, which is mainly manifested in the reduction of the center of gravity height; the second internode at the base of the stem is shortened and thickened, the wall thickness increases, and the inner diameter decreases; at the same time, the stem bending resistance and stem puncture strength of the second internode at the base of the stem are increased, and at the same time, the number of tillers per unit area is reduced, the density per unit area is effectively reduced, and the average fresh weight of a single plant is higher; the increase in the average fresh weight of a single plant effectively increases the fresh and dry yield of forage per mu, has a higher fresh / dry ratio, and increases the palatability of fresh oats.

[0110] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify or replace the technical solution of the present invention with equivalents, and these modifications or equivalent replacements cannot cause the modified technical solution to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-yield silicon fertilizer for hulled oats, characterized in that: The effective silicon application amount in the silicon fertilizer is 60-90kg / hm 2 .

2. The oatmeal lodging resistance and high-yield silicon fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The silicon fertilizer is analytically pure sodium silicate Na2SiO3·5H2O.

3. The oat hull lodging resistance and high-yield silicon fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The silicon fertilizer is applied by mixing it with base fertilizer.

4. The oat hull lodging resistance and high-yield silicon fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The anti-lodging comprises lowering the height of the center of gravity, shortening and thickening the second internode at the stem base and increasing the wall thickness, reducing the inner diameter of the second internode at the stem base, increasing the bending resistance of the stem at the second internode at the stem base, and increasing the puncture strength of the stem at the second internode at the stem base.

5. The oat hull lodging resistance and high-yield silicon fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high yield includes a reduction in the number of tillers per unit area, a reduction in density per unit area, an increase in the average fresh weight of a single plant, an increase in the fresh / dry yield per mu of forage, and an increase in the fresh / dry ratio.

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