Collision energy absorption device, control method thereof, bumper and vehicle

Abstract

The invention provides a collision energy absorption device (100), a control method thereof, a bumper (200) and a vehicle (300). The collision energy absorption device (100) comprises a contact cover plate (114), a collision energy absorption cavity (20) and a flexible sealing piece (30). The contact cover plate (114) and the collision energy absorption cavity (20) are arranged at an interval, and the flexible sealing piece (30) is connected between the contact cover plate (114) and the collision energy absorption cavity (20) and defines a sealing cavity (31). The collision energy absorption cavity (100) comprises a shell (21), a middle partition plate (221) and a spacing cover (222), the shell (21) is provided with an inner cavity (211) and a drainage hole (213), the middle partition plate (221) is fixed in the inner cavity (211), and the spacing cover (222) and the middle partition plate (221) are spaced to form a spacing cavity (2113).

Description

Collision energy absorbing device and control method thereof, bumper and vehicle Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of machinery, and in particular to a collision energy absorbing device, a control method for a collision energy absorbing device, a bumper, and a vehicle. Background Art

[0002] Bumpers are typically located on the outside of the vehicle body and, together with the energy absorber, form the primary impact buffer during a collision. The energy absorber can be connected between the bumper and the body, or directly inside the bumper. During a collision, it absorbs energy by deforming, ensuring that deformation primarily occurs in the bumper and the energy absorber, leaving ample space within the vehicle cabin and minimizing excessive deformation, thus protecting the driver and passengers.

[0003] Existing collision energy absorption devices often use damping materials to absorb collision energy. This damping material requires friction within the device's internal cavity to achieve its energy absorption effect. To enhance the damping material's cushioning effect, existing collision energy absorption devices often incorporate complex flow channels, increasing both manufacturing costs and bulk.

[0004] Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this application is to provide a collision energy absorbing device with a simple structure and small size, while ensuring the collision energy absorbing effect of the collision energy absorbing device. At the same time, this application also relates to a control method of the collision energy absorbing device, a bumper and a vehicle.

[0006] In the first aspect, the present application provides a collision energy absorption device, including a contact cover plate, a collision energy absorption chamber and a flexible seal; the contact cover plate and the collision energy absorption chamber are spaced apart, the flexible seal is connected between the contact cover plate and the collision energy absorption chamber, and the flexible seal, the contact cover plate and the collision energy absorption chamber together form a sealed chamber; the collision energy absorption chamber includes a shell, a middle partition plate and a spacer cover, the shell has an inner cavity, and a drainage hole connected between the sealed cavity and the inner cavity, the middle partition plate is fixed in the inner cavity, the spacer cover includes a spacer part and a connecting part, the spacer part is parallel to the middle partition plate, the connecting part is connected between the spacer part and the middle partition plate, the spacer cover and the middle partition plate are spaced in the inner cavity to form a spacer cavity, and a spacer through hole is also provided on the spacer part, and the spacer through hole is connected between the spacer cavity and the inner cavity.

[0007] The collision energy absorbing device of the present application forms a space by means of a contact cover plate and a collision energy absorbing cavity that are spaced apart, and then forms a sealed cavity by means of a flexible seal. The sealed cavity can be used to fill the damping material. Inside the collision energy absorbing cavity, an inner cavity is formed by the shell, and a partition cavity is formed by partitioning the inner cavity with a middle partition plate and a partition cover. The partition through-holes on the partition cover are connected between the inner cavity and the partition cavity. The middle partition plate and the partition cover are both fixed relative to the shell, and the connecting portion and the partition portion of the partition cover extend in directions perpendicular to each other. A plurality of contact surfaces can be formed inside the collision energy absorbing cavity thus formed, thereby increasing the working area of ​​the damping material generating damping forces in different directions with each contact surface, and absorbing collision energy.

[0008] Specifically, the spacer and the middle diaphragm are spaced apart, and the connecting portion is connected between the spacer and the middle diaphragm. This allows the spacer cover to absorb energy in a pressure-bearing mode when parallel to the middle diaphragm, and in a shear-bearing mode when perpendicular to the middle diaphragm, through the connecting portion. The damping material acts on the spacer cover in both pressure-bearing and shear-bearing modes, resulting in relatively uniform force distribution across the spacer cover, allowing it to withstand greater pressure. Furthermore, the spacer cover's relatively simple structure offers high stability and provides greater safety margins.

[0009] The collision energy absorbing device of the present application has the advantages of small size, simple structure, low cost, etc., and the collision energy absorbing device has high structural stability and can provide a good buffering effect.

[0010] In one possible implementation, the middle partition is fixed in the inner cavity and divides the inner cavity into an upper cavity and a lower cavity. The upper cavity is connected to the drainage hole, and the middle partition is also provided with a partition through hole for connecting the upper cavity and the lower cavity.

[0011] In this implementation, the middle partition further separates the inner cavity into an upper cavity and a lower cavity, which can form more contact surfaces for friction with the damping material and absorb collision energy, and improve the utilization rate of the inner cavity.

[0012] In a possible implementation, there are multiple spacer covers, which are nested with each other and fixed in the upper cavity at intervals.

[0013] In this implementation, the provision of multiple spacer covers can form multiple interconnected spacer cavities within the upper cavity, further enhancing the impact energy absorption chamber's cushioning effect. Furthermore, the nested structure of multiple spacer covers is relatively simple, and each spacer cover can achieve a combined energy absorption effect in both pressure and shear modes.

[0014] In a possible implementation, the multiple spacer covers are all cylindrical, and the axes of the multiple spacer covers coincide with each other.

[0015] In this implementation, multiple spacer covers are all cylindrical, and the axes of the multiple spacer covers coincide with each other, so that the gaps between the nested spacer covers are uniform. When each spacer cover is squeezed by the damping material, the resultant force formed is zero, and no displacement will be formed in the upper cavity. At the same time, the undesirable phenomenon of direct contact friction between the spacer covers is avoided.

[0016] In a possible implementation, positioning pins are provided between the spacer covers, and the positioning pins are used to fix the relative positions between the spacer covers.

[0017] In a possible implementation, the collision energy absorbing cavity includes a receiving cover, which is located in the upper cavity, elastically connected to the middle partition, and surrounded by the outer side of the spacing cover. The receiving cover and the spacing cover together form a receiving cavity.

[0018] In this implementation, the receiving cavity is connected to the other cavities in the inner cavity only through the interval through hole. The damping material needs to flow through the upper cavity, the lower cavity and the interval cavity in sequence, and then return to the receiving cavity located in the upper cavity. Such a path setting allows the elastically connected receiving cover to also change the size of the receiving cavity through deformation, which is beneficial to the receiving cavity's accommodation of the damping material.

[0019] In one possible implementation, the partition through hole includes a first partition through hole connected between the upper cavity and the lower cavity, and a second partition through hole connected between the spacing cavity and the lower cavity, and the spacing through hole connects between the receiving cavity and the spacing cavity.

[0020] In this implementation, the first baffle through-holes can be used to enable the damping material to flow from the upper cavity to the lower cavity, and the second baffle through-holes can be used to enable the damping material to flow from the lower cavity to the spacer cavity.

[0021] In a possible implementation, the collision energy absorbing cavity includes a flexible separation membrane, which is fixed in the lower cavity and enclosed with the middle partition to form a flexible cavity.

[0022] In this implementation, the flexible separation membrane can provide a buffering effect on the damping material, thereby preventing the shell or the separator from being deformed due to excessive pressure of the damping material.

[0023] In a possible implementation, the main body material of the flexible separation membrane is rubber.

[0024] In this implementation, the rubber has a certain elasticity. When the damping material flowing into the flexible cavity increases, the flexible separation membrane can adapt to the increased pressure of the damping material in the flexible cavity through elastic deformation.

[0025] In a possible implementation, the flexible separation membrane is fixedly connected to the middle partition plate by vulcanization.

[0026] In a possible implementation, the shell includes a top plate, side walls and a bottom plate, the top plate is located between the bottom plate and the contact cover plate, the side walls are connected between the top plate and the bottom plate, and the top plate, bottom plate and side walls together form an inner cavity.

[0027] In a possible implementation, the flexible sealing member is fixedly connected to the top plate or the side wall to form a sealed cavity.

[0028] In a possible implementation, the main body material of the flexible sealing element is rubber.

[0029] In this implementation, the rubber has a certain elasticity. When the space of the sealing cavity is compressed, the flexible sealing member can adapt to the pressure increase of the damping material in the sealing cavity through elastic deformation.

[0030] In a possible implementation, the flexible seal is fixedly connected to the contact end and the housing respectively by vulcanization.

[0031] In a possible implementation, the drainage hole is opened on the top plate.

[0032] In a possible implementation, the top plate is slidably connected to the side wall, and when the top plate is subjected to force, it can slide toward the bottom plate to compress the volume of the inner cavity.

[0033] In this implementation, when the contact cover plate is subjected to significant external forces, the compression of the contact cover plate can also push the top plate toward the bottom plate. This reduces the volume of the collision energy absorption chamber and further increases the pressure of the damping material within the collision energy absorption chamber, thereby generating a greater damping force to dissipate energy and achieve a better cushioning effect. The sliding connection of the top plate also allows the collision energy absorption chamber to buffer the external forces through sliding deformation when subjected to significant external forces, preventing damage to the shell and enhancing the safety redundancy of the collision energy absorption device.

[0034] In one possible implementation, the shell is provided with an elastic limiter, which is provided on the side wall close to the inner cavity and can extend out of or retract into the side wall. The elastic limiter is used to support the top plate and retract into the side wall when the top plate slides toward the bottom wall; or the elastic limiter is provided on the periphery of the top plate, and a limiting hole is provided on the side wall close to the inner cavity. The elastic limiter can extend into or slide out of the limiting hole. The elastic limiter is used to support the top plate and slide out of the limiting hole when the top plate slides toward the bottom wall.

[0035] In this implementation, the elastic retainer maintains the top plate in place and, when the external force on the collision energy absorption device is relatively small, maintains the internal volume of the housing, allowing the top plate to better support the telescopic assembly. When the external force is relatively large, the elastic retainer is pushed open and retracts into the top plate or sidewall, allowing the top plate to slide toward the bottom plate, achieving a better cushioning effect.

[0036] In one possible implementation, the shell is provided with an elastic limiter, which includes a limiter block and a spring. A receiving hole for accommodating the elastic limiter is provided on the side wall. The spring is arranged at the bottom of the receiving hole and supports the limiter block to extend out of the receiving hole to support the top plate.

[0037] In one possible implementation, the limit block includes a support end away from the spring, and a slope for supporting the top plate is provided at the support end; and / or, a chamfer is provided at the edge of the top plate, and the top plate is abutted and supported by the elastic limit member through the chamfer.

[0038] In this embodiment, the inclined surface structure of the stopper and / or the chamfered structure of the top plate can provide a component of force that causes the stopper to slide toward the receiving hole during contact between the stopper and the top plate. By adjusting the angle of the inclined surface and / or chamfer, the support force exerted by the elastic stopper on the top plate can be adjusted, thereby determining the timing at which the top plate begins to slide toward the bottom plate.

[0039] In a possible implementation, the collision energy absorbing device further includes an electromagnetic coil, which is sleeved on the outside of the shell and is used to form a magnetic field in the inner cavity.

[0040] In this implementation, the electromagnetic coil can be used to generate a magnetic field within the inner cavity of the cover plate, thereby adjusting the viscosity of the damping material within the inner cavity, thereby enabling the collision energy absorption device of this application to change its buffering capacity. It is understood that when the electromagnetic coil is not energized, the damping material has a lower viscosity and higher fluidity, allowing it to flow more quickly within the energy absorption channel and generating a relatively smaller damping force. When the electromagnetic coil is energized, the damping material has a lower fluidity and generates a relatively larger damping force.

[0041] In a possible implementation, the electromagnetic coil is correspondingly disposed outside the upper cavity to change the magnitude of the magnetic field in the upper cavity.

[0042] In this implementation, the damping material's flow path within the upper chamber is relatively long, corresponding to the aforementioned spacer and containment cover structures. When the electromagnetic coil is positioned in the corresponding region of the upper chamber, the damping material's viscosity is altered over a longer distance, thereby ensuring the collision energy absorption chamber's cushioning capacity.

[0043] In one possible implementation, the collision energy absorption device also includes a pressure sensor, which is fixed to the contact cover plate and is also electrically connected to the electromagnetic coil for sensing the external force applied to the contact cover plate to control the size of the magnetic field formed by the electromagnetic coil in the inner cavity.

[0044] In this implementation, the magnitude of the external force detected by the pressure sensor can be used to control the current in the electromagnetic coil, thereby adjusting the magnitude of the magnetic field formed in the inner cavity. As a result, the collision energy absorption device of this application also has the adaptive ability to adjust its own buffering capacity based on the magnitude of the external force.

[0045] In a possible implementation, the shell is provided with a receiving groove, which surrounds the outside of the inner cavity and is spaced apart from the inner cavity, and is used to receive the electromagnetic coil.

[0046] In a possible implementation, the shell is provided with a sealing ring, which is embedded in the receiving groove and located on the upper part of the electromagnetic coil. The sealing ring is used to achieve sealing protection of the electromagnetic coil.

[0047] In a possible implementation, the limiting block of the elastic limiting member is magnetic, and the limiting block can release the support for the top plate under the action of the electromagnetic coil.

[0048] In a possible implementation, the collision energy absorbing device further includes a telescopic component, which is held between the contact cover plate and the collision energy absorbing cavity and is configured to provide elastic force to move the contact cover plate away from the collision energy absorbing cavity.

[0049] In this implementation, the pressure exerted on the telescopic assembly is transferred to the collision energy absorption chamber by the contact between the telescopic assembly and the contact cover. As the telescopic sleeve compresses, the sealed chamber shrinks, allowing the damping material contained within the sealed chamber to flow into the energy absorption channel, where it rubs against the inner wall of the channel to absorb energy.

[0050] Compared with the buffering capacity of the telescopic component, the buffering capacity provided by the collision energy absorption cavity is stronger, and as the compression of the telescopic component increases, more damping material flows into the energy absorption channel, the pressure of the damping material in the energy absorption channel increases, and the energy consumed by its friction also increases accordingly. Therefore, when the external force applied to the collision energy absorption device of the present application is small, it can mainly realize the buffering function by providing elastic force through the telescopic component and cooperating with the compression of the damping material in the sealed cavity; when the external force applied is large, the collision energy absorption device mainly provides energy absorption buffering through the friction between the damping material flowing into the energy absorption channel and the inner wall of the energy absorption channel. The collision energy absorption device of the present application also has the ability to provide matching buffering effects in response to different scenarios.

[0051] Furthermore, the telescopic assembly has a limited telescopic travel, which limits the amount of compression of the flexible seal, thereby avoiding the risk of rupture and spillage of the damping material that could occur if the flexible seal were compressed to an unlimited extent. The coordination of the telescopic assembly and the flexible seal also increases the redundancy of the collision energy absorption device and improves its structural stability.

[0052] In a possible implementation, the telescopic assembly includes a telescopic sleeve and an elastic member. The telescopic sleeve is hollow, and opposite ends of the telescopic sleeve respectively abut against the contact cover plate and the collision energy absorbing device. The elastic member is accommodated in the telescopic assembly.

[0053] In this implementation, the telescopic assembly occupies part of the volume of the sealed cavity through the structure of the telescopic sleeve and the elastic member, thereby reducing the overall volume of the damping material and improving the overall stiffness of the collision energy absorbing assembly.

[0054] In a possible implementation, the telescopic sleeve includes a plurality of cylinders, which are nested in sequence and can slide relative to each other.

[0055] In this implementation, several cylinders are nested within each other, with the length of each cylinder determining the compression limit of the telescopic sleeve. This limit ensures the maximum compression of the flexible seal, which in turn guarantees the desired deformation, thus avoiding the risk of rupture caused by unlimited compression. This also enhances the safety redundancy of the collision energy absorption device.

[0056] In a possible implementation, a sealing ring is provided between the two cylinders nested in each other.

[0057] In a possible implementation, the elastic member is a pressure spring.

[0058] In a possible implementation, the housing includes a buffer pad, which is located on a side of the housing facing the contact cover and is arranged corresponding to the position of the telescopic sleeve. The buffer pad is used to provide buffering for the telescopic sleeve.

[0059] In this implementation, a buffer pad structure is provided between the top plate and the telescopic sleeve that abut against each other, thereby avoiding rigid contact between the telescopic sleeve and the top plate, and the pressure borne by the telescopic assembly can be better transferred to the collision energy absorbing cavity.

[0060] In one possible implementation, both the sealed cavity and the collision energy absorption cavity are filled with damping materials. When the contact cover plate is moved toward the collision energy absorption cavity by external force, the damping material in the sealed cavity is pressurized to flow into the inner cavity and rub in the inner cavity to absorb energy.

[0061] In a possible implementation, the space in the lower cavity other than the flexible cavity is also filled with damping material.

[0062] In this implementation, the damping material is filled in the space of the lower cavity except the flexible cavity, which can form a certain elastic support effect on the flexible separation membrane and prevent the flexible separation membrane from cracking due to excessive pressure difference on both sides.

[0063] In a possible implementation, the shell is provided with a vent hole, which is located at the bottom plate and is used to achieve communication between the lower cavity and the outside world.

[0064] In this implementation, as more damping material enters the flexible cavity, the flexible cavity will become larger. The air in the lower cavity can be discharged through the vent hole, leaving space for the expansion of the flexible separation membrane.

[0065] In a possible implementation, the damping material is a magnetorheological material.

[0066] In this implementation, when the damping material is a magnetorheological material, the viscosity of the magnetorheological material can be better adjusted by changing the magnetic field strength in the space where the magnetorheological material is located. Changes in the viscosity of the magnetorheological material will affect its fluidity. Through the application of magnetorheological materials, the buffering effect of the collision energy absorption cavity can be further adjusted, and the ability of the collision energy absorption device of this application to provide matching buffering effects for different scenarios can be further enhanced.

[0067] In a second aspect, the present application provides a bumper comprising an outer shell and at least one collision energy absorbing device provided in the first aspect of the present application, wherein each collision energy absorbing device is housed in the outer shell and is used to provide a buffering function for the bumper.

[0068] In a third aspect, the present application provides a vehicle comprising a vehicle body and the bumper provided in the second aspect of the present application, wherein the bumper is fixed to the vehicle body.

[0069] The bumper provided in the second aspect of this application is equipped with the collision energy absorption device provided in the first aspect. Thus, when the bumper is subjected to an external collision force, the collision energy absorption device deforms to absorb the collision energy, thereby achieving a good cushioning effect. The vehicle provided in the third aspect of this application, because it is equipped with the bumper provided in the second aspect, also has improved collision safety.

[0070] In a fourth aspect, the present application provides a vehicle comprising a body, a bumper, and the collision energy absorbing device provided in the first aspect of the present application, wherein the collision energy absorbing device is connected between the body and the bumper to provide a buffering function between the bumper and the body.

[0071] The vehicle provided in the fourth aspect of the present application is connected to the bumper through the collision energy absorbing device of the first aspect mentioned above. When the bumper is subjected to external collision force, the collision energy absorbing device can absorb the collision energy by deforming itself, thereby protecting the vehicle body and also improving the collision safety of the vehicle.

[0072] In a fifth aspect, the present application provides a method for controlling a collision energy absorbing device, wherein the collision energy absorbing device includes a collision energy absorbing cavity filled with magnetorheological material and an electromagnetic coil disposed outside the collision energy absorbing cavity. The method includes the following steps:

[0073] Using pressure sensors to monitor the external force exerted on the collision energy absorption device;

[0074] If the external force borne by the collision energy absorbing device is greater than or equal to a preset threshold, the current value of the electromagnetic coil is increased to enhance the magnetic field strength in the collision energy absorbing cavity, thereby increasing the viscosity of the magnetorheological material.

[0075] The collision energy absorption device control method provided in the fifth aspect of this application can correspond to the embodiment of the first aspect of this application in which the collision energy absorption device is equipped with an electromagnetic coil and the energy absorption channel is filled with magnetorheological material. The beneficial effects of this method are similar to those of the aforementioned embodiment, and can further adjust the energy absorption effect of the collision energy absorption device, enabling the collision energy absorption device to provide a matching buffering effect for different scenarios.

[0076] In one possible implementation, the preset threshold includes a first preset threshold and a second preset threshold, the current value of the electromagnetic coil includes a first current value corresponding to the first preset threshold, and a second current value corresponding to the second preset threshold, the first preset threshold is smaller than the second preset threshold, and the first current value is smaller than the second current value.

[0077] In this implementation, by setting different preset thresholds, the current value in the electromagnetic coil can be adjusted to match the current, causing the viscosity of the magnetorheological material to change accordingly when responding to external forces of varying magnitudes. As a result, the energy absorption effect of the collision energy absorption device controlled by this method can be varied over a wider range, further expanding the device's ability to provide a matching buffering effect for different scenarios.

[0078] In a possible implementation, the preset thresholds may include more than two, and the electromagnetic coil current values ​​corresponding to the respective preset thresholds are different. The higher the preset threshold, the larger the corresponding electromagnetic coil current value.

[0079] It can be understood that because the electronic device of the present application is equipped with the above-mentioned collision energy absorption device, the two functional components of the electronic device of the present application can be respectively provided with a plug assembly and a socket assembly, and due to the shielding capability of the above-mentioned collision energy absorption device, better signal transmission integrity and reliability are obtained. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0080] FIG1 is a schematic diagram of the external structure of a vehicle in an embodiment provided by the present application;

[0081] FIG2 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a bumper in an embodiment provided by the present application;

[0082] FIG3 is a schematic structural diagram of the connection between the bumper and the vehicle body of a vehicle in an embodiment provided by the present application;

[0083] FIG4 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a collision energy absorbing device according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0084] FIG5 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a collision energy absorbing device in an initial state according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0085] FIG6 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a collision energy absorbing device in a partially compressed state according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0086] FIG7 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a collision energy absorbing device in a fully compressed state according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0087] FIG8 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a collision energy absorbing chamber of a collision energy absorbing device according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0088] FIG9 is a schematic structural diagram of an upper shell in a collision energy absorbing chamber of a collision energy absorbing device according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0089] FIG10 is a schematic structural diagram of a lower shell in a collision energy absorbing chamber of a collision energy absorbing device according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0090] FIG11 is a schematic structural diagram of a middle partition in a collision energy absorbing cavity of a collision energy absorbing device according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0091] FIG12 is a schematic diagram of the path of the energy absorbing flow channel in the collision energy absorbing cavity of the collision energy absorbing device according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0092] FIG13 is a schematic diagram of a cross-sectional structure from a top view of a collision energy absorbing chamber of a collision energy absorbing device according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0093] FIG14 is a flowchart of a method for controlling a collision energy absorbing device according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0094] FIG15 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a collision energy absorbing device in an initial state according to another embodiment provided by the present application;

[0095] FIG16 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the collision energy absorbing chamber of the collision energy absorbing device in another embodiment provided by the present application when it is in an initial state;

[0096] FIG17 is a schematic structural diagram of an upper side wall in a collision energy absorbing cavity of a collision energy absorbing device according to another embodiment of the present application;

[0097] FIG18 is a schematic structural diagram of a top plate in a collision energy absorbing cavity of a collision energy absorbing device according to another embodiment of the present application;

[0098] FIG19 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a collision energy absorbing device according to another embodiment of the present application when the collision energy absorbing cavity is in a compressed state;

[0099] FIG20 is a schematic diagram of a cross-sectional structure from a top view of a collision energy absorbing chamber of a collision energy absorbing device according to another embodiment of the present application;

[0100] FIG21 is a schematic diagram of the path of the energy absorbing flow channel in the collision energy absorbing cavity of the collision energy absorbing device according to another embodiment of the present application;

[0101] FIG22 is a schematic structural diagram of a lower cavity in a collision energy absorbing cavity of a collision energy absorbing device according to another embodiment of the present application;

[0102] FIG23 is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of the elastic connection between the receiving cover and the middle partition in the collision energy absorbing cavity of the collision energy absorbing device according to another embodiment of the present application;

[0103] FIG24 is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of the elastic connection between the receiving cover and the middle partition in the collision energy absorbing cavity of the collision energy absorbing device according to another embodiment of the present application;

[0104] FIG25 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a collision energy absorbing device in another embodiment provided by the present application when it is in a partially compressed state;

[0105] FIG26 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a collision energy absorbing device in another embodiment provided by the present application when in a partially compressed state;

[0106] FIG27 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a collision energy absorbing device in another embodiment provided by the present application when it is in a fully compressed state;

[0107] FIG28 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a collision energy absorbing device in an initial state according to another embodiment of the present application;

[0108] FIG29 is a schematic diagram of the path of the energy absorbing flow channel in the collision energy absorbing cavity of the collision energy absorbing device according to another embodiment of the present application;

[0109] FIG30 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a collision energy absorbing device in a partially compressed state according to another embodiment provided by the present application;

[0110] FIG31 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a collision energy absorbing device in a fully compressed state according to another embodiment provided by the present application;

[0111] FIG32 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a collision energy absorbing device in an initial state according to another embodiment of the present application;

[0112] FIG33 is a partial cross-sectional view of the cooperation between the elastic limiting member and the top plate in the collision energy absorbing cavity of the collision energy absorbing device according to another embodiment of the present application;

[0113] FIG34 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a collision energy absorbing device in a fully compressed state according to another embodiment of the present application;

[0114] FIG35 is a partial cross-sectional schematic diagram of the cooperation between the elastic limiting member and the top plate in the collision energy absorbing cavity of the collision energy absorbing device in another embodiment provided in the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0115] The following will describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of this application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making any creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0116] The serial numbers assigned to the components herein, such as "first", "second", etc., are only used to distinguish the objects described and do not have any order or technical meaning. The "connection" mentioned in this application includes direct and indirect connections unless otherwise specified. In the description of this application, it should be understood that the orientation or position relationship indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc. is based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operate in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on this application.

[0117] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, when a first feature is "above" or "below" a second feature, it can mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or that the first and second features are in indirect contact through an intermediary. Furthermore, when a first feature is "above" or "above" a second feature, it can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. When a first feature is "below" or "below" a second feature, it can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is at a lower level than the second feature.

[0118] FIG1 illustrates the external structure of a vehicle 300 in an embodiment provided by the present application.

[0119] The vehicle 300 of the present application includes a body 310 and a bumper. The bumper is fixedly connected to the body 310 and is used to absorb the collision energy by deforming itself when a collision accident occurs, so as to protect the body 310 from damage. The bumper can be fixed at the front end A of the body 310, or it can be fixed at the rear end B of the body 310, and in some embodiments, the bumper can also be fixed at the side C of the body 310. It can be understood that the different installation positions of the bumper in the vehicle 300 of the present application are used to deal with collision scenarios in different directions. Therefore, the bumper can be set at various positions of the above-mentioned body 310 at the same time, or it can be set at some positions of the above-mentioned body 310, and the specific arrangement can be based on the actual scene needs.

[0120] FIG2 illustrates the internal structure of a bumper 200 in an embodiment provided in this application.

[0121] In this embodiment, the bumper 200 includes a housing 210 and a collision energy absorbing device 100, wherein the collision energy absorbing device 100 is the collision energy absorbing device provided in this application. The number of collision energy absorbing devices 100 can be one or more. In the schematic diagram of FIG2 , there are three collision energy absorbing devices 100, each of which is disposed within the housing 210 and spaced apart along the length of the housing 210. The housing 210 includes at least a front panel 2101 and a rear panel 2102 spaced apart from each other. The opposite ends of each collision energy absorbing device 100 respectively abut against the front panel 2101 and the rear panel 2102, providing cushioning support for the bumper 200 in the direction from the front panel 2101 to the rear panel 2102. The housing 210 can also be a closed housing, including side panels (not shown) connected between the front panel 2101 and the rear panel 2102 to form a closed interior space. The collision energy absorbing device 100 can be entirely housed inside the housing 210 , and the housing 210 provides sealing protection for the collision energy absorbing device 100 .

[0122] FIG3 illustrates a structure in which a bumper 200 a of a vehicle is connected to a vehicle body 310 in an embodiment provided by the present application.

[0123] In this embodiment, the vehicle 300 includes a vehicle body 310, a collision energy absorbing device 100, and a bumper 200a. In this embodiment, the collision energy absorbing device 100 is provided on the outside of the bumper 200a, and the collision energy absorbing device 100 is used to achieve a connection between the bumper 200a and the vehicle body 310. Specifically, the external structure of the collision energy absorbing device 100 shown in FIG3 is larger than the size of the collision energy absorbing device 100 shown in FIG2, but its internal components and buffering principle are similar to those of the collision energy absorbing device 100 shown in FIG2. In this embodiment, the number of collision energy absorbing devices 100 can be two or more (two are shown in FIG3), and each collision energy absorbing device 100 is arranged at intervals along the length extension direction of the bumper 200a and supported between the bumper 200a and the vehicle body 310. Therefore, when the bumper 200a is subjected to external force, the bumper 200a can transfer the external force to the collision energy absorbing device 100, and then the collision energy absorbing device 100 can absorb and buffer the energy to reduce the external force impact on the vehicle body 310 and achieve a protective effect.

[0124] The bumper 200a involved in this embodiment may be the bumper 200 shown in FIG. 2 , which has a collision energy absorbing device 100 installed therein. When the bumper 200 is subjected to external forces, the collision energy can be absorbed by the collision energy absorbing device 100 installed therein, and the collision energy absorbing device 100 connected to the vehicle body 310 can also absorb the collision energy. The two sets of collision energy absorbing devices 100 in different locations work together to achieve better collision energy absorption. In other embodiments, the bumper 200a shown in FIG. 3 may also be any bumper structure known in the art. Because it utilizes the collision energy absorbing device 100 provided in this application and is connected to the vehicle body 310, the vehicle 300 of this application can also absorb collision energy through the collision energy absorbing device 100 when subjected to a collision, and the beneficial effects it possesses are similar to those of the vehicle 300 using the bumper 200 shown in FIG. 2 .

[0125] FIG4 is a cross-sectional view of a collision energy absorbing device 100 according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0126] As shown in Figure 4, the collision energy absorption device 100 provided in the present application includes a contact cover plate 114, a collision energy absorption chamber 20 and a flexible seal 30. The contact cover plate 114 and the collision energy absorption chamber 20 are spaced apart from each other, and the contact cover plate 114 can slide toward the collision energy absorption chamber 20. The flexible seal 30 is connected between the contact cover plate 114 and the collision energy absorption chamber 20. The main body material of the flexible seal 30 can be rubber, so that the flexible seal 30 has a certain elasticity and good toughness. The flexible seal 30, the contact cover plate 114, and the collision energy absorption chamber 20 are surrounded to form a sealed chamber 31. The sealed chamber 31 can be used to store damping material and provide a collision energy absorption effect for the collision energy absorption device 100 of the present application.

[0127] In the schematic diagram of Figure 4 , the collision energy absorption chamber 20 includes a housing 21 and a partition 22. The housing 21 has an inner cavity 211, within which are disposed one or more partitions 22. These partitions 22 are used to divide the inner cavity 211 into a plurality of chambers. These chambers are sequentially interconnected to form energy-absorbing flow channels 23 within the collision energy absorption chamber 20 (see Figure 12 ). The housing 21 also includes a drainage hole 213, which connects the sealed cavity 31 with the inner cavity 211 and allows the damping material within the sealed cavity 31 to flow into the inner cavity 211.

[0128] Specifically, in this embodiment, the partition 22 includes a middle partition 221 and a partition cover 222. The middle partition 221 is fixed in the inner cavity 211, and the partition cover 222 includes a partition portion 2221 and a connecting portion 2222. The partition portion 2221 is parallel to the middle partition 221, and the connecting portion 2222 is connected between the partition portion 2221 and the middle partition 221. The partition cover 222 and the middle partition 221 are separated in the inner cavity 211 to form a partition cavity 2113, and a partition through hole 2223 is further provided on the partition portion 2221, and the partition through hole 2223 is connected between the partition cavity 2113 and the inner cavity 211. It can be understood that the inner cavity 211 here is the space of the inner cavity 211 excluding the partition cavity 2113.

[0129] The collision energy absorbing device 100 of the present application forms a space by means of the contact cover plate 114 and the collision energy absorbing cavity 20 that are spaced apart, and then forms a sealed cavity 31 by means of the flexible sealing member 30. The sealed cavity 31 can be used to fill the damping material. Inside the collision energy absorbing cavity 20, an inner cavity 211 is formed by the shell 21, and a partition cavity 2113 is formed in the inner cavity 211 by means of the middle partition plate 221 and the partition cover 222. The partition through hole 2223 on the partition cover 222 is connected between the inner cavity 211 and the partition cavity 2113. The middle partition plate 221 and the partition cover 222 are both fixed relative to the shell 21, and the connecting portion 2222 and the partition portion 2221 of the partition cover 222 extend in directions perpendicular to each other. Thus, a plurality of contact surfaces can be formed inside the collision energy absorbing cavity 20 formed, and each contact surface rubs against the damping material from a different direction and absorbs the collision energy.

[0130] Specifically, the spacer 2221 and the middle partition 221 are spaced apart from each other, and the connecting portion 2222 is connected between the spacer 2221 and the middle partition 221, so that the spacer cover 222 can form a pressure-bearing mode energy absorption effect through the spacer 2221 in a direction parallel to the middle partition 221; and the spacer cover 222 can form a shear-mode energy absorption effect through the connecting portion 2222 in a direction perpendicular to the middle partition 221. The damping material acts on the spacer cover 222 based on the pressure-bearing mode and the shearing mode respectively, so that the force on the spacer cover 222 is relatively uniform and can bear a greater pressure. At the same time, the structure of the spacer cover 222 is relatively simple, the stability is high, and it can provide greater safety redundancy. The collision energy absorption device 100 of the present application has the advantages of small size, simple structure, low cost, etc., and the collision energy absorption device 100 has high structural stability and can provide a better buffering effect.

[0131] FIG5 is a cross-sectional view of a collision energy absorbing device 100 according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0132] In this embodiment, the collision energy absorption device 100 provided herein includes a contactable cover plate 114, a telescopic assembly 10, a collision energy absorption chamber 20, and a flexible seal 30. The telescopic assembly 10 and the collision energy absorption chamber 20 abut against each other, and the flexible seal 30 surrounds the telescopic assembly 10. Opposite ends of the flexible seal 30 are fixedly connected to the telescopic assembly 10 and the collision energy absorption chamber 20, respectively, forming a sealed chamber 31 outside the telescopic assembly 10. The sealed chamber 31 is filled with a damping material for absorbing collision energy.

[0133] Specifically, the telescopic assembly 10 includes a telescopic sleeve 11 and an elastic member 12. The telescopic sleeve 11 is hollow, and the elastic member 12 is accommodated inside the telescopic sleeve 11. The telescopic sleeve 11 has a contact end 111 and an abutting end 112 relative to each other along its length direction, wherein the abutting end 112 abuts against the collision energy absorbing cavity 20, and the contact end 111 is the end of the telescopic sleeve 11 away from the collision energy absorbing cavity 20. The contact end 111 abuts against the structure of the bumper. When a collision occurs, the external force is transmitted to the contact end 111 through the structure of the bumper, and then the telescopic sleeve 11 transmits the energy to the elastic member 12 and the collision energy absorbing cavity 20. The opposite ends of the elastic member 12 abut against the telescopic sleeve 11 and the collision energy absorbing cavity 20, respectively, and the elastic member 12 is used to provide an elastic force to keep the contact end 111 away from the collision energy absorbing cavity 20. In one embodiment, the elastic member 12 can be implemented by a pressure spring.

[0134] In the schematic diagram of Figure 5, the telescopic sleeve 11 also includes at least two cylinders 113 (the number of cylinders 113 in Figure 5 is three). The interior of each cylinder 113 is set to a hollow structure, and each cylinder 113 is nested in sequence along the length direction of the telescopic sleeve 11. At least two adjacent cylinders 113 can slide relative to each other, so that the telescopic sleeve 11 has the function of telescoping along its own length direction. In one embodiment, any two adjacent cylinders 113 can slide relative to each other, thereby increasing the overall telescopic amount of the telescopic sleeve 11. In one embodiment, a sealing ring (not shown in the figure) can also be provided between the two nested cylinders 113 to achieve mutual sealing between the inner and outer sides of the telescopic sleeve 11.

[0135] In one embodiment, the telescopic sleeve 11 further includes a contact cover plate 114. The contact cover plate 114 is located at the contact end 111, and its two opposite surfaces abut against the cylinder 113 and the bumper structure respectively. That is, the contact cover plate 114 is located between the cylinder 113 and the bumper structure, and is used to transfer the external force exerted on the bumper to the telescopic sleeve 11. In some embodiments, the cylinder 113 located at the contact end 111 may also directly abut against the bumper structure. It should be pointed out that the bumper structure involved in this embodiment can be as shown in FIG2 , where the structure is the inner wall of the outer shell 210 in the bumper 200; or as shown in FIG3 , where the structure is the outer wall of the bumper. Specifically based on the different positions of the collision energy absorbing device 100, the structure of the bumper varies. It can be understood that in any of the above embodiments, the bumper structure can transfer the external force generated by the collision to the collision energy absorbing device 100.

[0136] Please refer to Figures 6 and 7 simultaneously. When an external force is transmitted to the telescopic sleeve 11 through the bumper structure, the external force borne by the telescopic sleeve 11 is simultaneously transmitted to the elastic member 12, and the elastic member 12 is compressed after being subjected to the force. At this time, relative sliding occurs between the cylinders 113, and the overall length of the telescopic assembly 10 is shortened (see Figure 6). When the external force is relatively large, the sliding displacement between the cylinders 113 reaches a maximum value, at which point the compression of the elastic member 12 reaches a maximum, and the overall length of the telescopic assembly 10 is also shortened to a minimum (see Figure 7). The elastic force obtained by compressing the elastic member 12 in the telescopic assembly 10 absorbs and cushions the external force.

[0137] One end of the flexible seal 30 is fixedly connected to the telescopic assembly 10. Specifically, one end of the flexible seal 30 can be fixedly connected to the contact cover 114. In some embodiments, the flexible seal 30 can be fixedly connected to the contact cover 114 at the contact end 111 through vulcanization. The vulcanization process, also known as the cross-linking process, ensures a reliable connection between the flexible seal 30 and the contact cover 114. In some embodiments, the flexible seal 30 can also be directly fixedly connected to the barrel 113.

[0138] When the telescopic assembly 10 is in its initial state (as shown in FIG5 ), the telescopic sleeve 11 is at its largest lengthwise. The volume of the sealed cavity 31 formed by the flexible seal 30 outside the telescopic sleeve 11 is also relatively large, allowing for a relatively large amount of damping material to be accommodated within the sealed cavity 31. The pressure exerted by the damping material within the sealed cavity 31 is also relatively low. When the telescopic assembly 10 is compressed by an external force (as shown in FIG6 ), the contact end 111 of the telescopic sleeve 11 gradually moves toward the abutting end 112, narrowing the distance between the opposite ends of the flexible seal 30 and compressing the sealed cavity 31. At this point, the damping material squeezes against each other within the sealed cavity 31, creating a certain energy-absorbing and buffering effect. Moreover, part of the damping material can flow out of the sealed cavity 31, and the pressure generated by the remaining damping material in the sealed cavity 31 also gradually increases. When the telescopic assembly 10 is compressed to the maximum displacement (as shown in FIG7 ), the distance between the two opposite ends of the flexible seal 30 is the smallest, and the space of the sealed cavity 31 is compressed to a minimum. At this time, the damping material flowing out of the sealed cavity 31 is the largest, and the pressure generated by the remaining damping material in the sealed cavity 31 also rises to the highest. The flexible seal 30 can adapt to the pressure increase of the damping material in the sealed cavity 31 by elastic deformation. The flow of the damping material in the sealed cavity 31 can form a certain energy absorption and buffering effect.

[0139] It can be understood that in the schematic diagram of Figure 7, when the multiple cylinders 113 are squeezed to the extreme position, the length of the telescopic sleeve 11 is also compressed to the extreme value. At this time, the cylinder 113 with the largest length value among the multiple cylinders 113 determines the ultimate compression length of the telescopic sleeve 11. The ultimate compression length of the telescopic sleeve 11 also determines the maximum compression amount of the flexible seal 30. By setting the length value of the cylinder 113, the maximum compression amount of the flexible seal 30 can be controlled, thereby avoiding the risk of the flexible seal 30 being over-compressed and possibly causing rupture. In other words, the cooperation between the telescopic assembly 10 and the flexible seal 30 enhances the safety redundancy of the collision energy absorbing device 100 of the present application, while improving the structural stability of the collision energy absorbing device 100. When the collision energy absorbing device 100 is subjected to a large external force impact, it can avoid damage to the collision energy absorbing device 100 and extend the service life of the collision energy absorbing device 100.

[0140] Please refer to Figure 8. The collision energy absorption chamber 20 includes a shell 21 and a partition 22. The shell 21 has an inner cavity 211, and the partition 22 is provided in the inner cavity 211. The number of the partitions 22 is one or more. The partition 22 is used to divide the inner cavity 211 into a plurality of cavities. The cavities are connected in sequence to form an energy absorption channel 23 (see Figure 12) provided in the collision energy absorption chamber 20. The telescopic component 10 is supported on the first outer surface 212 of the shell 21, that is, the supporting end 112 of the telescopic sleeve 11 is supported on the first outer surface 212. One end of the elastic member 12 is also supported on the first outer surface 212. The external force borne by the telescopic component 10 is transmitted to the collision energy absorption chamber 20 through the first outer surface 212.

[0141] One end of the flexible seal 30 is fixedly connected to the first outer surface 212. That is, the first outer surface 212, the flexible seal 30, and the telescopic sleeve 11 together form a sealed cavity 31. In one embodiment, the flexible seal 30 can also be fixedly connected to the first outer surface 212 by vulcanization.

[0142] The shell 21 is provided with a drainage hole 213, which is located on the first outer surface 212 and between the telescopic sleeve 11 and the flexible seal 30. The opposite ends of the drainage hole 213 are respectively connected to the sealed cavity 31 and the energy absorbing channel 23. The energy absorbing channel 23 is also filled with damping material. When the contact end 111 of the telescopic sleeve 11 is moved toward the collision energy absorbing cavity 20 by an external force, the volume of the sealed cavity 31 is compressed, and the damping material flowing out of the sealed cavity 31 can enter the energy absorbing channel 23 through the drainage hole 213. The damping material rubs against the inner wall of the energy absorbing channel 23 to absorb energy.

[0143] As can be understood, the drainage hole 213 connects the sealed cavity 31 and the energy-absorbing flow channel 23. When the sealed cavity 31 is compressed and the pressure of the damping material therein increases, the pressure in the energy-absorbing flow channel 23 also increases. Under the action of higher pressure, the damping material exerts greater contact pressure on the inner wall of the energy-absorbing flow channel 23, and the friction generated during its flow also increases accordingly, thereby improving the energy-absorbing effect of the damping material.

[0144] Therefore, when the collision force is relatively small, the collision energy absorption device 100 of the present application can achieve the energy absorption and buffering effect of the collision energy mainly through the elastic force of the telescopic component 10 and the mutual compression of the damping material in the sealed cavity 31. When the collision energy absorption device 100 is in a scenario where the collision force is relatively large, the buffering capacity of the telescopic component 10 is insufficient to resist the external force. At this time, the space of the sealed cavity 31 is compressed, and some damping material can flow into the energy absorption channel 23 of the collision energy absorption cavity 20. The friction between the damping material and the energy absorption channel 23 provides energy absorption and buffering effects. At the same time, as the volume of the sealed cavity 31 is compressed, the pressure generated by the damping material increases, and the energy that can be absorbed during the friction process also increases accordingly.

[0145] The collision energy absorbing device 100 of the present application is capable of operating effectively in a wide range of collision scenarios and can provide a cushioning force tailored to each scenario, delivering reliable energy absorption and cushioning effects. The bumper 200 equipped with the collision energy absorbing device 100 of the present application, and the vehicle 300 to which the bumper is connected via the collision energy absorbing device 100 of the present application, also improve the cushioning capacity of the bumper 200 and enhance the safety and reliability of the vehicle 300 due to the superior cushioning capability of the collision energy absorbing device 100 of the present application.

[0146] Referring to the embodiment shown in Figures 9 and 10 , the housing 21 of the collision energy absorption chamber 20 may include an upper housing 214 and a lower housing 215, which are fixedly connected by bolts and together form an inner chamber 211. The first outer surface 212 of the housing 21 is located on the upper housing 214, while the lower housing 215 is located on the side away from the telescopic assembly 10. The upper housing 214 is provided with a plurality of drainage holes 213, and one end of the flexible seal 30 is also fixedly connected to the first outer surface 212 of the upper housing 214.

[0147] In one embodiment, the upper shell 214 further includes a buffer pad 2141. The buffer pad 2141 is located on the first outer surface 212 of the upper shell 214 and is positioned corresponding to the position of the telescopic sleeve 11. The buffer pad 2141 can be made of rubber. Positioning the buffer pad 2141 between the mutually abutting upper shell 214 and telescopic sleeve 11 can prevent rigid contact between the telescopic sleeve 11 and the upper shell 214. The buffer pad 2141 is used to provide a buffer for the telescopic sleeve 11, so that the pressure exerted on the telescopic sleeve 11 can be better transferred to the collision energy absorption chamber 20.

[0148] In the structure shown in FIG11 , the partition 22 includes a middle partition 221. The middle partition 221 is fixed in the inner cavity 211. In the schematic diagrams of FIG5 to FIG7 , the middle partition 221 is sandwiched between the upper shell 214 and the lower shell 215. The middle partition 221 divides the inner cavity 211 into an upper cavity 2111 and a lower cavity 2112. The upper cavity 2111 is located between the middle partition 221 and the upper shell 214, that is, the middle partition 221 and the upper shell 214 together form the upper cavity 2111; the lower cavity 2112 is located between the middle partition 221 and the lower shell 215, that is, the middle partition 221 and the lower shell 215 together form the lower cavity 2112. The upper cavity 2111 is communicated with the drainage hole 213 , and the middle partition plate 221 is further provided with a partition plate through hole 2211 connected between the upper cavity 2111 and the lower cavity 2112 .

[0149] In this embodiment, the upper cavity 2111 and the lower cavity 2112 are connected in sequence to form an energy-absorbing flow channel 23. When the damping material flows from the drainage hole 213 into the upper cavity 2111, the damping material rubs against the inner wall of the upper cavity 2111 (i.e., the inner wall of the upper shell 214 and the surface of the middle partition 221 facing the upper shell 214) to absorb the collision energy. Then, the damping material further flows from the partition through hole 2211 into the lower cavity 2112 and rubs against the inner wall of the lower cavity 2112 (i.e., the inner wall of the lower shell 215 and the surface of the middle partition 221 facing the lower shell 215) to absorb the collision energy. As a result, the damping material forms the effect of flowing in the energy-absorbing flow channel 23 and absorbing the collision energy.

[0150] In one embodiment, the partition 22 includes a partition cover 222. The partition cover 222 is located in the upper cavity 2111 and is fixedly connected to the middle partition 221. The partition cover 222 includes a partition portion 2221 and a connecting portion 2222. The partition portion 2221 and the middle partition 221 are spaced apart from each other, and the connecting portion 2222 is connected between the partition portion 2221 and the middle partition 221. Thus, the partition cover 222 and the middle partition 221 together form a partition cavity 2113. The partition cavity 2113 is located in the upper cavity 2111. It can also be understood that the partition cover 222 divides the upper cavity 2111 into two cavities, one of which is the partition cavity 2113. The partition cover 222 is also provided with a partition through hole 2223, which is connected between the two cavities, that is, the partition through hole 2223 is connected between the partition cavity 2113 and the other cavity in the upper cavity 2111.

[0151] The spacer cavity 2113 is also formed as one of the multiple cavities in the energy-absorbing flow channel 23. The spacer cavity 2113 is connected between the outer cavity of the upper cavity 2111 and the lower cavity 2112. After the damping material flows from the drainage hole 213 into the upper cavity 2111, it can flow through the spacer through-hole 2223 and the partition through-hole 2211, and then into the spacer cavity 2113 and the lower cavity 2112. The structure of the spacer cover 222 extends the flow path of the energy-absorbing flow channel 23. At the same time, the inner and outer surfaces of the spacer cover 222 can form friction with the flowing damping material, further enhancing the energy absorption and cushioning effect of the collision energy-absorbing cavity 20.

[0152] The spacer 2221 is spaced from the middle diaphragm 221, and the connecting portion 2222 is connected between the spacer 2221 and the middle diaphragm 221. This allows the spacer cover 222 to absorb energy in a pressure-bearing mode in a direction parallel to the middle diaphragm 221 through the spacer 2221; and allows the spacer cover 222 to absorb energy in a shear-bearing mode in a direction perpendicular to the middle diaphragm 221 through the connecting portion 2222. The damping material acts on the spacer cover 222 in both the pressure-bearing mode and the shear-bearing mode, respectively, resulting in relatively uniform force on the spacer cover 222 and a greater ability to withstand pressure. Furthermore, the spacer cover 222 has a relatively simple structure, high stability, and provides greater safety redundancy.

[0153] In one embodiment, there may be multiple spacer covers 222, and the multiple spacer covers 222 are nested with each other and fixed at intervals in the upper cavity 2111. The multiple spacer covers 222 that are nested with each other and fixed at intervals can form multiple cavity structures that are spaced apart from each other in the upper cavity 2111. For example, in the structure of Figures 5 to 8, the number of spacer covers 222 is two. The spacer cover 222 on the outside is used to separate the upper cavity 2111 into two cavities, one of which is the spacer cavity 2113. The spacer cover 222 on the inside further separates the spacer cavity 2113 into two cavities, and the spacer cover 222 is fixedly connected to the middle partition 221 and encloses to form a spacer cavity 2113. The provision of multiple spacer covers 222 can form multiple spacer cavities 2113 that are connected in sequence in the upper cavity 2111, further enhancing the energy absorption and buffering effect of the collision energy absorption cavity 20. The nested structure of the plurality of spacer covers 222 is relatively simple, and each spacer cover 222 can form an energy absorption effect that cooperates with the pressure-bearing mode and the shearing mode.

[0154] In the schematic diagram of FIG8 , each spacer cover 222 is cylindrical in shape. Alternatively, the spacer portion 2221 of each spacer cover 222 is circular, while the connecting portion 2222 is annular, thereby forming a cylindrical spacer cover 222. The diameters of the spacer portions 2221 of each spacer cover 222 vary, creating a nested, fixed position effect. In other embodiments, the spacer covers 222 can also be configured in any other configuration, such as rectangular, triangular, or elliptical.

[0155] In one embodiment, the geometric center axes of the multiple spacer covers 222 overlap with each other. That is, corresponding to the embodiment in which the spacer covers 222 are cylindrical, the rotation center axes of the multiple spacer covers 222 are arranged to overlap with each other. Such a structure can make the gaps between the mutually nested spacer covers 222 relatively uniform, and the resultant force formed by each spacer cover 222 when squeezed by the damping material in all directions is zero. The fixed connection between the spacer cover 222 and the middle partition 221 is relatively stable, and the spacer cover 222 is not easy to be displaced in the upper cavity 2111, and it also avoids the undesirable phenomenon of direct contact and mutual friction and extrusion between two adjacent spacer covers 222 due to displacement.

[0156] In one embodiment, a positioning pin 2224 is further provided between each spacer cover 222. The positioning pin 2224 is fixedly connected between at least two adjacent spacer covers 222. The positioning pin 2224 is used to maintain the relative position between each spacer cover 222. It is understood that the positioning pin 2224 can be provided corresponding to the central axis of the spacer cover 222, that is, the positioning pin 2224 is provided between at least two spacer covers 222 along the central axis of the spacer cover 222.

[0157] Referring back to Figures 5-7 , one embodiment shows that the separator 22 may further include a flexible separator membrane 223. The flexible separator membrane 223 is located within the lower cavity 2112 and is fixed relative to the middle separator 221. The flexible separator membrane 223 and the middle separator 221 together form a flexible cavity 2114, with the separator through-hole 2211 communicating with the interior of the flexible cavity 2114. It can be understood that the flexible cavity 2114 is located within the lower cavity 2112, or that the flexible separator membrane 223 divides the lower cavity 2112 into two cavities, one of which is the flexible cavity 2114.

[0158] Flexible cavity 2114 is also formed as one of the multiple cavities within energy-absorbing flow channel 23 and is located on the side of upper cavity 2111 away from drainage holes 213. Damping material flows from drainage holes 213 into upper cavity 2111 and then into flexible cavity 2114 via partition through-holes 2211. Flexible separator membrane 223 can also be made of rubber and fixedly connected to middle separator 221 by vulcanization.

[0159] The provision of the flexible cavity 2114 forms an elastic cavity structure within the energy-absorbing flow channel 23. When the damping material flows from the partition plate through-holes 2211 into the flexible cavity 2114, the flexible separation membrane 223 can elastically deform to accommodate the increased pressure of the damping material within the flexible cavity 2114. Thus, the flexible separation membrane 223 provides a certain buffering effect on the damping material, preventing deformation of the housing 21 or the partition 22 caused by a sudden increase in the damping material's pressure.

[0160] In the schematic diagram of Figure 10, a vent hole 2151 is provided on the lower shell 215. The vent hole 2151 is used to connect the lower cavity 2112 with the outside world. The volume of the flexible cavity 2114 can change. As shown in Figure 5, in a scenario where there is no external force of collision, the volume of the flexible cavity 2114 is relatively small, and its volume share in the lower cavity 2112 is also relatively small. At this time, except for the flexible cavity 2114, the lower cavity 2112 is all air; in the scenario where there is an external force of collision, the damping material in the sealed cavity 31 flows into the lower cavity 2112 through the energy-absorbing flow channel 23 and is accommodated in the interior of the flexible cavity 2114. At this time, as shown in Figure 6, the volume of the flexible cavity 2114 gradually increases until the flexible cavity 2114, as shown in Figure 7, occupies most of the space in the lower cavity 2112.

[0161] As the volume of the flexible cavity 2114 gradually increases, the air previously contained in the lower cavity 2112 can be discharged from the lower cavity 2112 through the vent holes 2151, leaving space for the expansion of the flexible separation membrane 223. The structure of the vent holes 2151 also prevents the air in the lower cavity 2112 from being compressed, which could create a high pressure outside the flexible separation membrane 223 and potentially cause a rupture due to an excessive pressure difference between the inside and outside of the flexible separation membrane 223.

[0162] FIG. 12 illustrates the specific path of the energy absorbing channel 23 in the collision energy absorbing device 100 in this embodiment.

[0163] After the collision energy absorption device 100 provided in this embodiment is subjected to an external collision force, the volume of the sealed cavity 31 is compressed, and the damping material enters the upper cavity 2111 through the drainage hole 213. The damping material then flows sequentially into the two partition cavities 2113 through the partition holes 2223 of the two partition covers 222. Finally, the damping material flows into the flexible cavity 2114 through the partition hole 2211 of the middle partition 221. The upper cavity 2111, the partition cavity 2113, and the flexible cavity 2114 are sequentially connected to form the energy absorption channel 23 in the collision energy absorption device 100 of this embodiment.

[0164] In one embodiment, the damping material is implemented using magnetorheological material. Correspondingly, please refer to Figure 13. The collision energy absorption device 100 of the present application also includes an electromagnetic coil 40. The electromagnetic coil 40 is sleeved on the outside of the inner cavity 211 of the collision energy absorption cavity 20. The electromagnetic coil 40 is used to form a magnetic field in the inner cavity 211 to change the viscosity of the magnetorheological material. Magnetorheological material is a controllable intelligent fluid material. By changing the size of the magnetic field in the spatial region where the magnetorheological material is located, the viscosity of the magnetorheological material can be quickly changed to control the fluidity of the magnetorheological material.

[0165] The electromagnetic coil 40, mounted on the exterior of the housing 21, can adjust the magnetic field strength exerted by the electromagnetic coil 40 within the inner cavity 211 by varying the current flowing through the electromagnetic coil 40. Based on the magnetorheological material's characteristics of short response time, controllable damping force, low energy consumption, and high shear yield, and in conjunction with the electromagnetic coil 40 adjusting the magnetic field within the inner cavity 211, the damping force of the damping material in the collision energy absorption device 100 of the present application can be adjusted and increased, thereby further broadening the applicable scenarios of the collision energy absorption device 100 of the present application and enhancing its energy absorption and cushioning effects.

[0166] In one embodiment, the collision energy absorbing device 100 further includes a pressure sensor 50. The pressure sensor 50 is fixed to the contact end 111 of the telescopic sleeve 11 and is used to sense the magnitude of the external force applied to the collision energy absorbing device 100. The pressure sensor 50 can be located at the top of the cylinder 113 at the contact end 111, or, as shown in FIG5 , on the contact cover 114 at the contact end 111. Furthermore, the pressure sensor 50 is positioned between the contact cover 114 and the bumper structure to sense the magnitude of the external force transmitted from the bumper structure to the collision energy absorbing device 100.

[0167] The pressure sensor 50 is also electrically connected to the electromagnetic coil 40. After sensing the magnitude of the external force applied to the contact end 111, the pressure sensor 50 controls the magnitude of the magnetic field formed by the electromagnetic coil 40 in the inner cavity 211. In one embodiment, a controller (not shown) may be provided between the pressure sensor 50 and the electromagnetic coil 40. The controller is configured to receive the sensing signal from the pressure sensor 50 and adjust the operation of the electromagnetic coil 40 based on the sensing signal to adjust the magnitude of the magnetic field formed in the inner cavity 211. In one embodiment, a signal conversion module (not shown) may be provided between the pressure sensor 50 and the controller. The signal conversion module is configured to convert the external force sensed by the pressure sensor 50 from an analog signal to a digital signal, and input the digital signal into the controller for comparison and determination of the magnitude of the external force.

[0168] It can be understood that for an embodiment in which a pressure sensor 50 is provided, when the external force sensed by the collision energy absorbing device 100 is relatively small, the current of the electromagnetic coil 40 can be controlled to be small, or the electromagnetic coil 40 can be controlled to be not energized. At this time, the magnetic field in the inner cavity 211 is relatively small or zero, the fluidity of the magnetorheological material is relatively strong, the magnetorheological material can flow faster in the energy absorbing channel 23, and the friction generated by the machine is relatively small; and when the external force applied to the collision energy absorbing device 100 is relatively large, the current of the electromagnetic coil 40 can be controlled to increase to increase the magnetic field strength in the inner cavity 211 and reduce the fluidity of the magnetorheological material. The magnetorheological material flows relatively slowly in the energy absorbing channel 23, and the friction generated is also increased accordingly. The collision energy absorbing device 100 of the present application can provide matching buffering and energy absorption effects when dealing with different collision scenarios.

[0169] The present application also provides a method for controlling a collision energy absorbing device 100. The collision energy absorbing device 100 includes a collision energy absorbing chamber 20 filled with magnetorheological material. An electromagnetic coil 40 is disposed around the collision energy absorbing chamber 20. Referring to FIG. 14 , the method includes the following steps:

[0170] S10, using the pressure sensor 50 to monitor the external force borne by the collision energy absorbing device 100;

[0171] S20 , if the external force borne by the collision energy absorbing device 100 is greater than or equal to the preset threshold, the current value of the electromagnetic coil 40 is increased to enhance the magnetic field strength in the collision energy absorbing cavity 20 , thereby increasing the viscosity of the magnetorheological material.

[0172] It is understandable that the method of the present application can be applied to the embodiment in which the above-mentioned collision energy absorbing device 100 is provided with both an electromagnetic coil 40 and a pressure sensor 50. In the process of applying the present method, the timing of changing the current value of the electromagnetic coil 40 can be controlled by means of a preset threshold value. Specifically, the pressure sensor 50 determines the magnitude of the external force it monitors based on the preset threshold value, and when the external force borne by the collision energy absorbing device 100 is relatively large and the damping force provided by the magnetorheological material is insufficient to form an effective buffer, the current in the electromagnetic coil 40 is controlled to increase, thereby increasing the intensity of the magnetic field in the energy absorbing channel 23 and increasing the viscosity of the magnetorheological material, thereby achieving the effect of improving the energy absorption and buffering capacity of the collision energy absorbing device 100.

[0173] Therefore, the collision energy absorbing device 100 using the collision energy absorbing device control method of the present application also has an adaptive function of adjusting its own buffering capacity based on the size of the external force.

[0174] In one embodiment, the preset threshold value provided by the method in response to the external force may include a first preset threshold value and a second preset threshold value, with the first preset threshold value being less than the second preset threshold value. Accordingly, the current value of the electromagnetic coil 40 also includes a first current value corresponding to the first preset threshold value and a second current value corresponding to the second preset threshold value. In this case, the first current value is less than the second current value.

[0175] The greater the current value in the electromagnetic coil 40, the greater the magnetic field it forms, and the viscosity of the magnetorheological material will increase accordingly in a larger magnetic field. Therefore, by setting different preset thresholds, the current value in the electromagnetic coil 40 can be matched and adjusted, so that the viscosity of the magnetorheological material also changes accordingly with the current value of the electromagnetic coil 40. When responding to collision external force scenarios of different magnitudes, the change in viscosity of the magnetorheological material can change the energy absorption and buffering effect of the collision energy absorption device 100. The collision energy absorption effect of the collision energy absorption device 100 controlled by the method of the present application can be formed in a wider range of variations, further expanding the ability of the collision energy absorption device 100 to provide matching buffering effects in response to different scenarios.

[0176] It is understood that more than two preset thresholds can be set, and each preset threshold corresponds to a different current value for the electromagnetic coil 40. As the preset threshold value increases, the corresponding current value for the electromagnetic coil 40 also increases accordingly. The collision energy absorption device 100 employing the above-described method also achieves a wider range of adjustment for the cushioning force, thereby addressing the needs of different collision scenarios.

[0177] The structure of the electromagnetic coil 40 in the collision energy absorption device 100 of the present application can be set to correspond to the area of ​​the entire inner cavity 211, or it can be set only to correspond to the area of ​​the upper shell 214 as shown in Figures 5 to 8. That is, in the schematic diagrams of Figures 5 to 8, the electromagnetic coil 40 is correspondingly arranged on the outside of the upper cavity 2111 to change the viscosity of the magnetorheological material in the upper cavity 2111. Because the flow path of the energy absorption channel 23 in the upper cavity 2111 is relatively long, when the electromagnetic coil 40 is set to correspond to the area of ​​the upper cavity 2111, it can form an effect of changing the viscosity of the magnetorheological material within a longer distance range, thereby ensuring the buffering capacity of the energy absorption channel 23.

[0178] Specifically, a receiving groove 216 is provided in the upper shell 214. The receiving groove 216 is opened on the first outer surface 212 and surrounds the exterior of the upper cavity 2111. The receiving groove 216 and the upper cavity 2111 are spaced apart from each other. The electromagnetic coil 40 is received within the receiving groove 216 to form a structure that is sleeved around the outer periphery of the upper cavity 2111. In other embodiments, the electromagnetic coil 40 can also be directly wrapped around the exterior of the upper shell 214. An annular outer cover (not shown) can be provided on the exterior of the electromagnetic coil 40 to protect the electromagnetic coil 40 and also achieve the effect of fixing the electromagnetic coil 40.

[0179] In the structure shown in Figures 5-8 , the housing 21 is further provided with a sealing ring 217, which is embedded in the receiving groove 216 and located near the first outer surface 212. In other words, the sealing ring 217 is located between the electromagnetic coil 40 and the telescopic assembly 10. The sealing ring 217 is used to cover the receiving groove 216 to provide a sealed protection for the electromagnetic coil 40, preventing the magnetorheological material in the sealed cavity 31 from seeping into the receiving groove 216, and ensuring the normal operation of the electromagnetic coil 40.

[0180] For an embodiment, please refer to Figure 15, which shows a cross-sectional schematic diagram of another embodiment of a collision energy absorbing device 100 provided by the present application. In the collision energy absorbing device 100 shown in Figure 15, it also includes a telescopic component 10, a collision energy absorbing cavity 20, and a flexible seal 30. The telescopic component 10 and the collision energy absorbing cavity 20 are supported against each other, and the flexible seal 30 is arranged around the periphery of the telescopic component 10. The opposite ends of the flexible seal 30 are fixedly connected to the telescopic component 10 and the collision energy absorbing cavity 20 respectively, and a sealed cavity 31 is formed on the outside of the telescopic component 10. The sealed cavity 31 is filled with a damping material for absorbing collision energy. Furthermore, the telescopic component 10 includes a telescopic sleeve 11 and an elastic member 12, and the elastic member 12 is accommodated inside the telescopic sleeve 11. The contact end 111 of the telescopic sleeve 11 is also provided with a contact cover plate 114, and one end of the flexible seal 30 is also connected to the contact cover plate 114.

[0181] On the side of the collision energy absorption chamber 20, please refer to Figure 16 for a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the collision energy absorption chamber 20. The upper shell 214 includes a top plate 2142 and an upper side wall 2143, and the lower shell 215 includes a bottom plate 2152 and a lower side wall 2153. In other words, the shell 21 includes a top plate 2142, side walls, and a bottom plate 2152, wherein the side walls further include an upper side wall 2143 and a lower side wall 2153, and the side walls are connected between the top plate 2142 and the bottom plate 2152. The top plate 2142, side walls, and bottom plate 2152 together form an inner chamber 211, and the first outer surface 212 of the shell 21 is located on the top plate 2142.

[0182] Furthermore, the flexible seal 30 can be connected to the top plate 2142 or to the upper side wall 2143 to form a sealed cavity 31. In one embodiment, the flexible seal 30 is fixedly connected to the top plate 2142 or the upper side wall 2143 by vulcanization. The drainage hole 213 is opened on the top plate 2142, and the drainage hole 213 is connected to the sealed cavity 31. A buffer pad 2141 can also be provided on the top plate 2142. The buffer pad 2141 is located on the first outer surface 212 of the upper shell 214 and is arranged corresponding to the position of the telescopic sleeve 11, and is used to provide a buffer for the telescopic sleeve 11, so that the pressure borne by the telescopic sleeve 11 can be better transferred to the collision energy absorption cavity 20.

[0183] In the embodiment shown in FIG15 , the top plate 2142 is also slidably connected to the upper side wall 2143. When supported by the telescopic assembly 10, the top plate 2142 can slide toward the bottom plate 2152, compressing the volume of the inner cavity 211. Accordingly, the housing 21 is also provided with an elastic stopper 218. The elastic stopper 218 is located on the side of the upper side wall 2143 near the inner cavity 211 and can extend and retract relative to the upper side wall 2143, allowing the elastic stopper 218 to extend into the inner cavity 211 and retract into the upper side wall 2143. When the elastic stopper 218 extends into the inner cavity 211, it supports the top plate 2142, limiting its sliding movement toward the bottom plate 2152. When the elastic stopper 218 retracts toward the upper side wall 2143, the top plate 2142 can slide toward the bottom plate 2152, compressing the entire volume of the inner cavity 211.

[0184] The sliding connection mode of the top plate 2142 also allows the collision energy absorbing device 100 to buffer the external force through the sliding deformation of the top plate 2142 when the collision energy absorbing device 100 is subjected to a large external force, thereby preventing the shell 21 from being damaged by the large external force, thereby improving the safety redundancy of the collision energy absorbing device 100 itself and extending the service life of the collision energy absorbing device 100.

[0185] In other embodiments, the elastic limiting member 218 may also be disposed on the periphery of the top plate 2142, with a limiting hole (not shown) being provided on the upper side wall 2143. The elastic limiting member 218 can extend and retract relative to the top plate 2142, thereby allowing the elastic limiting member to extend into the limiting hole and retract into the top plate 2142. When the elastic limiting member 218 extends into the limiting hole, the elastic limiting member 218 supports the top plate 2142 and limits the sliding movement of the top plate 2142 toward the bottom plate 2152. When the elastic limiting member 218 slides out of the limiting hole and retracts into the top plate 2142, the top plate 2142 can slide toward the bottom plate 2152 and compress the overall volume of the inner cavity 211.

[0186] The above two embodiments can achieve the effect of the elastic limit member 218 holding the top plate 2142, and when the external force borne by the collision energy absorbing device 100 is relatively small, the volume of the inner cavity 211 of the shell 21 is kept fixed, and the top plate 2142 can form a better supporting effect on the telescopic component 10; when the external force borne by the collision energy absorbing device 100 is relatively large, the elastic limit member 218 is pushed open and retracted to the inside of the top plate 2142 or the upper side wall 2143, and the top plate 2142 can slide toward the bottom plate 2152, compressing the overall volume of the inner cavity 211, increasing the pressure of the damping material in the inner cavity 211, and forming a better energy absorption and buffering effect.

[0187] The elastic limiting member 218 includes a limiting block 2181 and a spring 2182. Please refer to Figures 17 and 18 for the structural schematics of the top plate 2142 and the upper side wall 2143, respectively. The upper side wall 2143 is provided with a receiving hole 2144. The elastic limiting member 218 is disposed within the receiving hole 2144, and the limiting block 2181 is located on the side of the receiving hole 2144 close to the inner cavity 211. The spring 2182 is supported between the bottom of the receiving hole 2144 and the limiting block 2181. The spring 2182 is used to provide an elastic force for the limiting block 2181 to move toward the inner cavity 211.

[0188] The outer edge of the top plate 2142 is further provided with a protrusion 2145, which extends in a direction away from the geometric center of the top plate 2142. Correspondingly, a slide groove 2146 is provided on the upper side wall 2143, and the protrusion 2145 is embedded in the slide groove 2146. The protrusion 2145 and the slide groove 2146 cooperate to define the sliding direction of the top plate 2142. The number of protrusions 2145 can be one or more, and the number of slide grooves 2146 provided on the corresponding upper side wall 2143 is the same as the number of protrusions 2145. In one embodiment, the plurality of protrusions 2145 are evenly arranged along the circumference of the top plate 2142. In the diagram, the number of protrusions 2145 is two, and the two protrusions 2145 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the top plate 2142.

[0189] The upper side wall 2143 also has two slide grooves 2146 symmetrically disposed on a side of the upper side wall 2143 near the inner cavity 211 and extending away from the inner cavity 211. In the illustrated diagram, the receiving hole 2144 of the upper side wall 2143 is also disposed within the slide grooves 2146. The elastic stopper 218 supports the protrusion 2145 to provide support for the top plate 2142.

[0190] It is understood that in other embodiments, a structure similar to the protrusion 2145 may be provided on the upper side wall 2143, and a structure similar to the slide groove 2146 may be provided on the top plate 2142. The cooperation of the two structures can also limit the sliding direction of the top plate 2142. The present application does not specifically limit the arrangement of the protrusion 2145, the slide groove 2146, and similar structures.

[0191] Figure 16 illustrates the state in which the collision energy absorbing chamber 20 is subjected to relatively small external forces, with the top plate 2142 supported by the elastic stopper 218 and in its initial position. Figure 19 illustrates the state in which the collision energy absorbing chamber 20 is subjected to relatively large external forces, with the stopper 2181 of the elastic stopper 218 retracted into the receiving hole 2144 and the top plate 2142 sliding toward the bottom plate 2152. At this point, the edge of the top plate 2142 abuts against the stopper 2181, allowing the elastic stopper 218 to remain entirely retracted into the receiving hole 2144.

[0192] In this embodiment, the partition 22 further includes a receiving cover 224. The receiving cover 224 is also located in the upper cavity 2111 and is disposed outside the spacing cover 222. The receiving cover 224 and the spacing cover 222 together form a receiving cavity 2115. It is understood that the receiving cavity 2115 is also located within the upper cavity 2111, and the receiving cover 224 further divides the upper cavity 2111. The receiving cavity 2115 is also formed as one of the multiple cavities of the energy absorbing flow channel 23. The spacing through hole 2223 on the spacing cover 222 connects the spacing cavity 2113 and the receiving cavity 2115.

[0193] In this embodiment, the portion of the upper cavity 2111 excluding the partition cavity 2113 and the receiving cavity 2115 is defined as the upper cavity 2116. That is, in this embodiment, after the receiving cover 224 is provided, the upper cavity 2111 consists of the partition cavity 2113, the receiving cavity 2115, and the upper cavity 2116.

[0194] Please refer to Figure 20. In this embodiment, the partition through hole 2211 in the middle partition 221 includes a first partition through hole 2211a and a second partition through hole 2211b. The first partition through hole 2211a is located on the periphery of the partition cover 222, and the second partition through hole 2211b is located inside the partition cover 222. The first partition through hole 2211a and the second partition through hole 2211b are both connected to the lower cavity 2112. The difference is that the first partition through hole 2211a located on the periphery of the partition cover 222 is connected between the lower cavity 2112 and the upper cavity 2116, while the second partition through hole 2211b located inside the partition cover 222 is connected between the lower cavity 2112 and the partition cavity 2113.

[0195] FIG. 21 is a schematic diagram showing the path of the energy absorbing channel 23 in the collision energy absorbing device 100 in this embodiment.

[0196] After the collision energy absorption device 100 provided in this embodiment is subjected to an external collision force, the volume of the sealed cavity 31 is compressed, and the damping material enters the upper cavity 2116 from the drainage hole 213. Then, the damping material enters the lower cavity 2112 through the first partition through hole 2211a. The damping material in the lower cavity 2112 flows into the spacing cavity 2113 through the second partition through hole 2211b. Finally, the damping material flows into the receiving cavity 2115 through the spacing through hole 2223 of the spacing cover 222. The upper cavity 2116, the lower cavity 2112, the spacing cavity 2113, and the receiving cavity 2115 are connected in sequence to form the energy absorption channel 23 in the collision energy absorption device 100 of this embodiment.

[0197] Figure 22 also illustrates the specific structure of the lower cavity 2112 in this embodiment. In this embodiment, the middle septum 221 and the lower shell 215 are integrally formed, enclosing and forming the lower cavity 2112. Both the middle septum 221 and the lower shell 215 are rigid structures, and the lower cavity 2112 is also rigid. A fixing groove 2212 is defined in the middle septum 221, and the spacer cover 222 extends into the fixing groove 2212 and is fixedly connected to the middle septum 221.

[0198] After the damping material flows into the lower cavity 2112 through the first baffle through-hole 2211a, the pressure of the damping material within the lower cavity 2112 increases, allowing some of the damping material to flow into the partition cavity 2113 through the second baffle through-hole 2211b. It will be appreciated that the integrated middle baffle 221 and lower shell 215 provide greater structural stability, and the pressure that the lower cavity 2112 can withstand is also increased accordingly. In other embodiments, the middle baffle 221 and lower shell 215 may be provided separately and fixedly connected by fasteners to enclose and form the lower cavity 2112.

[0199] In one embodiment, a flexible partition membrane 223 may also be provided in the lower cavity 2112. The flexible partition membrane 223 is fixed relative to the middle partition plate 221, and the flexible partition membrane 223 and the middle partition plate 221 together form a flexible cavity 2114. In addition to the portion of the flexible cavity 2114, the lower cavity 2112 is also filled with a damping material. After the damping material flows into the flexible cavity 2114 from the first partition plate through hole 2211a, the flexible partition membrane 223 can adapt to the pressure increase of the damping material in the flexible cavity 2114 through its own elastic deformation. At the same time, the damping material located on the outside of the flexible partition membrane 223 can form a certain buffering effect on the flexible partition membrane 223, thereby avoiding the phenomenon of the flexible partition membrane 223 being broken due to excessive pressure difference of the damping material on the inside and outside of the flexible partition membrane 223.

[0200] Please refer back to Figure 15 for an embodiment. The receiving cover 224 is also elastically connected to the middle partition 221. Please refer to Figure 23 for details. Figure 23 illustrates the local structure of the connection between the receiving cover 224 and the middle partition 221. A support spring 2241 is also provided at the position of the receiving cover 224 close to the middle partition 221. The support spring 2241 is connected between the receiving cover 224 and the middle partition 221. The receiving cover 224 can be moved closer to the middle partition 221 by compressing the support spring 2241 (see Figure 24). The receiving cover 224 can also be moved away from the middle partition 221 by stretching the support spring 2241. It can be understood that when the receiving cover 224 moves toward the middle partition 221, the volume of the receiving cavity 2115 formed by the receiving cover 224 and the spacing cover 222 decreases, and the pressure of the damping material in the receiving cavity 2115 increases accordingly; when the receiving cover 224 moves in the direction away from the middle partition 221, the volume of the receiving cavity 2115 increases, and the receiving cavity 2115 can accommodate more damping material.

[0201] For the collision energy absorbing device 100 provided in the embodiment of the present application, when not subjected to a collision force, the top plate 2142 and the receiving cover 224 are both in an initial state. As shown in FIG15 , a gap is left between the top plate 2142 and the receiving cover 224 in the initial state to prevent rigid contact between the two.

[0202] When the telescopic assembly 10 is subjected to a relatively small external force from a collision, the length of the telescopic assembly 10 is compressed, as shown in Figure 25 , reducing the volume of the sealed cavity 31. A portion of the damping material within the sealed cavity 31 enters the energy-absorbing flow channel 23 through the drainage holes 213. At this point, the damping material sequentially flows into the upper cavity 2116, the lower cavity 2112, the spacer cavity 2113, and the receiving cavity 2115. Because the external force is relatively small, the overall pressure of the damping material within the inner cavity 211 is relatively low, and the top plate 2142 and the receiving cover 224 remain in their initial state, with a gap remaining between them.

[0203] Please refer to Figure 26. When the external force increases further, the damping material flowing into the energy-absorbing channel 23 increases further. At this time, the overall pressure of the damping material in the inner cavity 211 increases, and the damping material in the receiving cavity 2115 drives the receiving cover 224 to move in the direction away from the middle partition 221. The receiving cover 224 leaves the initial position and moves to fit with the top plate 2142.

[0204] In the scenario shown in Figure 27, when the external force continues to increase, the overall length of the telescopic assembly 10 is compressed to a minimum, and the damping material in the sealed cavity 31 further enters the energy-absorbing flow channel 23. The pressure of the damping material in the inner cavity 211 increases, and the damping material pushes the limit block 2181 in the elastic limit member 218 into the recovery hole 2144. At this time, after losing the support of the limit block 2181, the top plate 2142 moves toward the bottom plate 2152 under the pressure of the telescopic assembly 10. At the same time, the top plate 2142 also pushes the receiving cover 224 toward the middle partition 221. At this time, the support spring 2241 is compressed, the volume of the receiving cavity 2115 is reduced, and the damping material originally located in the receiving cavity 2115 is pushed out of the receiving cavity 2115. In the process of entering and being pushed out of the receiving cavity 2115, the damping material forms two flows, and the two flows are in opposite directions.

[0205] Therefore, a secondary buffering effect is formed inside the collision energy absorbing device 100 in this embodiment. The damping material repeatedly rubs against the inner wall of the energy absorbing channel 23 during the two flows, further improving the energy absorption and buffering effects of the collision energy absorbing device 100.

[0206] On the other hand, the collision energy absorbing device 100 provided in this embodiment can also use magnetorheological material as a damping material, and in conjunction with the structure of the electromagnetic coil 40, further adjust the energy absorption and cushioning effects of the collision energy absorbing device 100 and broaden the scope of application scenarios of the collision energy absorbing device 100. Furthermore, the collision energy absorbing device 100 can also be provided with a pressure sensor 50 and employ the above-mentioned collision energy absorbing device control method to control the timing of changing the current value of the electromagnetic coil 40 by setting a preset threshold value, thereby enhancing the energy absorption and cushioning effects of the collision energy absorbing device 100. The relevant embodiments and beneficial effects of the electromagnetic coil 40, pressure sensor 50, and collision energy absorbing device control method are similar to the relevant embodiments and beneficial effects of the collision energy absorbing device 100 with similar structures and methods shown in FIG5 , and are not further detailed in this specification.

[0207] It should be noted that, in one embodiment, the stop block 2181 in the elastic stop member 218 can be made of a magnetic material. Thus, when the current in the electromagnetic coil 40 changes, the magnetic field generated by the electromagnetic coil 40 can drive the stop block 2181 to move, thereby causing the stop block 2181 to retract into the accommodating hole 2144, thereby releasing the support provided by the elastic stop member 218 on the top plate 2142. This embodiment of the collision energy absorbing device 100 can actively control the sliding movement of the top plate 2142, thereby achieving more precise control over the collision energy absorbing device 100.

[0208] For an embodiment, please refer to Figure 28, which shows a cross-sectional schematic diagram of another embodiment of a collision energy absorbing device 100 provided by the present application. In the collision energy absorbing device 100 shown in Figure 28, it also includes a telescopic component 10, a collision energy absorbing chamber 20, and a flexible seal 30. The telescopic component 10 and the collision energy absorbing chamber 20 are supported against each other, and the flexible seal 30 is arranged around the periphery of the telescopic component 10. The opposite ends of the flexible seal 30 are fixedly connected to the telescopic component 10 and the collision energy absorbing chamber 20 respectively, and a sealed chamber 31 is formed on the outside of the telescopic component 10. The sealed chamber 31 is filled with a damping material for absorbing collision energy. Furthermore, the telescopic component 10 includes a telescopic sleeve 11 and an elastic member 12, and the elastic member 12 is accommodated inside the telescopic sleeve 11. The contact end 111 of the telescopic sleeve 11 is also provided with a contact cover plate 114, and one end of the flexible seal 30 is also connected to the contact cover plate 114.

[0209] On the collision energy absorption chamber 20 side, the upper shell 214 also includes a top plate 2142 and an upper sidewall 2143, while the lower shell 215 includes a bottom plate 2152 and a lower sidewall 2153. The flexible seal 30 can be connected to either the top plate 2142 or the upper sidewall 2143 to form a sealed chamber 31. Drain holes 213 are provided on the top plate 2142 and connect to the sealed chamber 31. A cushion 2141 can also be provided on the top plate 2142 to provide cushioning for the telescopic sleeve 11.

[0210] In the collision energy absorbing device 100 provided in this embodiment, the top plate 2142 is also slidably connected to the upper side wall 2143. The housing 21 is also provided with an elastic retaining member 218 for supporting the top plate 2142. The elastic retaining member 218 is retractable relative to the upper side wall 2143, thereby allowing the elastic retaining member 218 to extend into the inner cavity 211 and retract into the upper side wall 2143.

[0211] The partition 22 also includes a receiving cover 224. The receiving cover 224 is also located in the upper cavity 2111 and is disposed outside the spacer cover 222. The receiving cover 224 and the spacer cover 222 together form a receiving cavity 2115. The upper cavity 2111 is composed of a spacer cavity 2113, a receiving cavity 2115, and an upper cavity 2116.

[0212] The partition through holes 2211 in the middle partition 221 include a first partition through hole 2211 a and a second partition through hole 2211 b. The first partition through hole 2211 a is located on the periphery of the partition cover 222, while the second partition through hole 2211 b is located inside the partition cover 222.

[0213] On the side of the lower cavity 2112, the collision energy absorption device 100 of this embodiment is provided with a flexible separation membrane 223. The flexible separation membrane 223 is fixed relative to the middle diaphragm 221, and together with the middle diaphragm 221, the flexible separation membrane 223 and the middle diaphragm 221 form a flexible cavity 2114. The flexible separation membrane 223 can adapt to the pressure increase of the damping material within the flexible cavity 2114 through its own elastic deformation.

[0214] Furthermore, bottom plate 2152 is provided with a vent hole 2151. Vent hole 2151 is used to connect lower cavity 2112 to the outside world. As the volume of flexible cavity 2114 gradually increases, the air previously contained in lower cavity 2112 can be discharged from lower cavity 2112 through vent hole 2151, leaving space for the expansion of flexible separation membrane 223. The structure of vent hole 2151 also prevents the air in lower cavity 2112 from being compressed, which could create a high pressure outside flexible separation membrane 223 and potentially rupture the flexible separation membrane 223 due to an excessive pressure difference between the inside and outside of the flexible separation membrane 223.

[0215] FIG. 29 illustrates the specific path of the energy absorbing channel 23 in the collision energy absorbing device 100 in this embodiment.

[0216] After the collision energy absorption device 100 provided in this embodiment is subjected to an external collision force, the volume of the sealed cavity 31 is compressed, and the damping material enters the upper cavity 2116 from the drainage hole 213. Then, the damping material enters the flexible cavity 2114 through the first partition through hole 2211a. The damping material in the flexible cavity 2114 then flows into the spacing cavity 2113 through the second partition through hole 2211b. Finally, the damping material flows into the receiving cavity 2115 through the spacing through hole 2223 of the spacing cover 222. The upper cavity 2116, the flexible cavity 2114, the spacing cavity 2113, and the receiving cavity 2115 are connected in sequence to form the energy absorption channel 23 in the collision energy absorption device 100 of this embodiment.

[0217] For the collision energy absorbing device 100 provided in the embodiment of the present application, when not subjected to a collision force, the top plate 2142 and the receiving cover 224 are both in an initial state. As shown in FIG28 , a gap is left between the top plate 2142 and the receiving cover 224 in the initial state to prevent rigid contact between the two.

[0218] When the telescopic assembly 10 is subjected to a relatively small external force from a collision, the length of the telescopic assembly 10 is compressed, as shown in FIG30 , and the volume of the sealed cavity 31 is reduced. Part of the damping material in the sealed cavity 31 enters the energy-absorbing flow channel 23 through the drainage hole 213. At this time, the damping material flows sequentially into the upper cavity 2116, the flexible cavity 2114, the spacer cavity 2113, and the receiving cavity 2115. The overall pressure of the damping material in the inner cavity 211 increases, and the damping material in the receiving cavity 2115 drives the receiving cover 224 to move away from the middle partition 221. The receiving cover 224 leaves its initial position and moves to fit the top plate 2142.

[0219] In the scenario shown in Figure 31, when the external force continues to increase, the overall length of the telescopic assembly 10 is compressed to a minimum, and the damping material in the sealed cavity 31 further enters the energy-absorbing flow channel 23. The pressure of the damping material in the inner cavity 211 increases, and the limit block 2181 in the elastic limit member 218 shrinks back into the receiving hole 2144. The top plate 2142 is displaced toward the bottom plate 2152 under the pressure of the telescopic assembly 10. At the same time, the top plate 2142 also pushes the receiving cover 224 toward the middle partition 221. At this time, the volume of the receiving cavity 2115 is reduced, and the damping material originally located in the receiving cavity 2115 is pushed out of the receiving cavity 2115.

[0220] In this embodiment, a secondary buffering effect is also formed inside the collision energy absorbing device 100. The damping material repeatedly rubs against the inner wall of the energy absorbing channel 23 during the two flows, further enhancing the energy absorption and buffering effects of the collision energy absorbing device 100.

[0221] The collision energy absorption device 100 of the embodiment shown in Figures 29-31 can also use magnetorheological material as the damping material, and in conjunction with the structure of the electromagnetic coil 40, further adjust the energy absorption and cushioning effects of the collision energy absorption device 100, thereby broadening the scope of application scenarios of the collision energy absorption device 100. Furthermore, the collision energy absorption device 100 can also be equipped with a pressure sensor 50 and adopt the above-mentioned collision energy absorption device control method to control the timing of changing the current value of the electromagnetic coil 40 by setting a preset threshold value, thereby improving the energy absorption and cushioning effects of the collision energy absorption device 100.

[0222] In one embodiment, the stopper 2181 in the elastic stopper 218 can also be made of a magnetic material. The magnetic field generated by the electromagnetic coil 40 can drive the stopper 2181 to move, thereby releasing the support of the elastic stopper 218 on the top plate 2142, so that the collision energy absorbing device 100 can actively control the sliding movement of the top plate 2142.

[0223] For an embodiment, please refer to Figure 32, which illustrates an embodiment structure of another collision energy absorbing device 100 provided by the present application. In the collision energy absorbing device 100 illustrated in Figure 32, it also includes a telescopic component 10, a collision energy absorbing chamber 20, and a flexible seal 30. The telescopic component 10 and the collision energy absorbing chamber 20 are supported against each other, and the flexible seal 30 is arranged around the periphery of the telescopic component 10. The opposite ends of the flexible seal 30 are fixedly connected to the telescopic component 10 and the collision energy absorbing chamber 20 respectively, and a sealed chamber 31 is formed on the outside of the telescopic component 10. The sealed chamber 31 is filled with a damping material for absorbing collision energy. Furthermore, the telescopic component 10 includes a telescopic sleeve 11 and an elastic member 12, and the elastic member 12 is accommodated inside the telescopic sleeve 11. The contact end 111 of the telescopic sleeve 11 is also provided with a contact cover plate 114, and one end of the flexible seal 30 is also connected to the contact cover plate 114.

[0224] On the collision energy absorption chamber 20 side, the upper shell 214 also includes a top plate 2142 and an upper sidewall 2143, while the lower shell 215 includes a bottom plate 2152 and a lower sidewall 2153. The flexible seal 30 can be connected to either the top plate 2142 or the upper sidewall 2143 to form a sealed chamber 31. Drain holes 213 are provided on the top plate 2142 and connect to the sealed chamber 31. A cushion 2141 can also be provided on the top plate 2142 to provide cushioning for the telescopic sleeve 11.

[0225] In the collision energy absorbing device 100 provided in this embodiment, the top plate 2142 is also slidably connected to the upper side wall 2143. The housing 21 is also provided with an elastic retaining member 218 for supporting the top plate 2142. The elastic retaining member 218 is retractable relative to the upper side wall 2143, thereby allowing the elastic retaining member 218 to extend into the inner cavity 211 and retract into the upper side wall 2143.

[0226] Referring to Figure 33 , in this embodiment, the stopper 2181 includes a connecting end 2183 and a supporting end 2184 along its length. The connecting end 2183 is the end of the stopper 2181 that is closest to the spring 2182, while the supporting end 2184 is the end of the stopper 2181 that faces the inner cavity 211. The stopper 2181 uses the connecting end 2183 to support the spring 2182, thereby allowing the supporting end 2184 to retract or extend relative to the receiving hole 2144.

[0227] In this embodiment, the stop block 2181 is provided with an inclined surface structure at the support end 2184. The inclined surface is arranged toward the top plate 2142 so that the top plate 2142 abuts against the inclined surface structure of the stop block 2181. When the top plate 2142 abuts against the inclined surface structure, the pressure exerted on the top plate 2142 by the telescopic assembly 10 can generate a component force on the inclined surface structure, thereby pushing the stop block 2181 toward the receiving hole 2144. When the pressure exerted on the top plate 2142 reaches a certain level, the stop block 2181 is fully pushed into the receiving hole 2144, and the top plate 2142 can slide toward the bottom plate 2152 (as shown in FIG. 34 ). It can be understood that by setting the angle of the inclined surface structure, the proportion of the component force exerted on the inclined surface structure by the top plate 2142 can be preset, thereby controlling the timing at which the top plate 2142 begins to slide toward the bottom plate 2152.

[0228] Please refer to FIG. 35 . In one embodiment, the edge of the top plate 2142 may also be chamfered. The chamfer is also positioned toward the stop block 2181 so that the chamfer of the top plate 2142 abuts against the stop block 2181. When the chamfer of the top plate 2142 abuts against the stop block 2181, the pressure exerted on the top plate 2142 by the telescopic assembly 10 can generate a force component on the chamfer, pushing the stop block 2181 toward the receiving hole 2144. When the pressure exerted on the top plate 2142 reaches a certain level, the stop block 2181 is fully pushed into the receiving hole 2144, allowing the top plate 2142 to slide toward the bottom plate 2152. It will be appreciated that by setting the angle of the chamfer, the proportion of the force component generated by the chamfer of the top plate 2142 can be preset, thereby controlling the timing at which the top plate 2142 begins to slide toward the bottom plate 2152.

[0229] It is understood that the inclined surface structure of the limit block 2181 can be provided simultaneously with the chamfer of the top plate 2142. As shown in Figures 33 to 35, the inclined surface structure of the limit block 2181 and the chamfer of the top plate 2142 abut against each other to transfer the pressure from the telescopic assembly 10 borne by the top plate 2142 to the limit block 2181 as a force component. The inclined surface structure of the limit block 2181 cooperates with the chamfer of the top plate 2142 to form a larger contact surface, which is conducive to the transmission of the force component.

[0230] In the embodiment shown in Figures 32-35, the partition 22 also includes a receiving cover 224. The receiving cover 224 is also located in the upper cavity 2111 and surrounds the exterior of the partition cover 222. The receiving cover 224 and the partition cover 222 together form a receiving cavity 2115. The upper cavity 2111 is composed of the partition cavity 2113, the receiving cavity 2115, and the upper cavity 2116.

[0231] The partition through holes 2211 in the middle partition 221 include a first partition through hole 2211 a and a second partition through hole 2211 b. The first partition through hole 2211 a is located on the periphery of the partition cover 222, while the second partition through hole 2211 b is located inside the partition cover 222.

[0232] On the side of the lower cavity 2112, the collision energy absorption device 100 of this embodiment is provided with a flexible separation membrane 223. The flexible separation membrane 223 is fixed relative to the middle diaphragm 221, and together with the middle diaphragm 221, the flexible separation membrane 223 and the middle diaphragm 221 form a flexible cavity 2114. The flexible separation membrane 223 can adapt to the pressure increase of the damping material within the flexible cavity 2114 through its own elastic deformation.

[0233] Furthermore, bottom plate 2152 is provided with a vent hole 2151. Vent hole 2151 is used to connect lower cavity 2112 to the outside world. As the volume of flexible cavity 2114 gradually increases, the air previously contained in lower cavity 2112 can be discharged from lower cavity 2112 through vent hole 2151, leaving space for the expansion of flexible separation membrane 223. The structure of vent hole 2151 also prevents the air in lower cavity 2112 from being compressed, which could create a high pressure outside flexible separation membrane 223 and potentially rupture the flexible separation membrane 223 due to an excessive pressure difference between the inside and outside of the flexible separation membrane 223.

[0234] The specific path of the energy-absorbing channel 23 in the collision energy-absorbing device 100 of this embodiment is similar to the path shown in FIG29 . After the collision energy-absorbing device 100 provided in this embodiment is subjected to an external collision force, the volume of the sealed cavity 31 is compressed, and the damping material enters the upper cavity 2116 from the drainage hole 213. Then, the damping material enters the flexible cavity 2114 through the first partition through-hole 2211a. The damping material in the flexible cavity 2114 then flows into the spacing cavity 2113 through the second partition through-hole 2211b. Finally, the damping material flows into the receiving cavity 2115 through the spacing through-hole 2223 of the spacing cover 222. The upper cavity 2116, the flexible cavity 2114, the spacing cavity 2113, and the receiving cavity 2115 are sequentially connected to form the energy-absorbing channel 23 in the collision energy-absorbing device 100 of this embodiment.

[0235] For the collision energy absorbing device 100 provided in the embodiment of the present application, when not subjected to a collision external force, the top plate 2142 and the receiving cover 224 are both in an initial state. A gap is left between the top plate 2142 and the receiving cover 224 in the initial state to prevent the two from rigidly contacting each other.

[0236] When the telescopic assembly 10 is subjected to an external force of a collision, the overall length of the telescopic assembly 10 is compressed to a minimum, as shown in FIG34 , and the damping material in the sealed cavity 31 enters the energy-absorbing flow channel 23. The top plate 2142 pushes the limit block 2181 in the elastic limit member 218 into the recovery hole 2144. Under the pressure of the telescopic assembly 10, the top plate 2142 moves toward the bottom plate 2152. At the same time, the top plate 2142 also pushes the receiving cover 224 toward the middle partition 221. At this time, the volume of the receiving cavity 2115 is reduced, and the damping material originally located in the receiving cavity 2115 is pushed out of the receiving cavity 2115.

[0237] In this embodiment, a secondary buffering effect is also formed inside the collision energy absorbing device 100. The damping material repeatedly rubs against the inner wall of the energy absorbing channel 23 during the two flows, further enhancing the energy absorption and buffering effects of the collision energy absorbing device 100.

[0238] The collision energy absorption device 100 of the embodiment shown in Figures 32-35 can also use magnetorheological material as the damping material, and in conjunction with the structure of the electromagnetic coil 40, further adjust the energy absorption and cushioning effects of the collision energy absorption device 100, thereby broadening the scope of application scenarios of the collision energy absorption device 100. Furthermore, the collision energy absorption device 100 can also be equipped with a pressure sensor 50 and adopt the above-mentioned collision energy absorption device control method to control the timing of changing the current value of the electromagnetic coil 40 by setting a preset threshold value, thereby improving the energy absorption and cushioning effects of the collision energy absorption device 100.

[0239] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present application, but the scope of protection of the present application is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in the present application, such as reducing or adding structural parts, changing the shape of structural parts, etc., which should be included in the scope of protection of the present application. The embodiments of the present application and the features of the embodiments can be combined with each other unless there is a conflict. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present application shall be based on the scope of protection of the claims.

Claims

1. A collision energy absorption device, characterized in that: including a contact cover plate, a collision energy absorbing cavity and a flexible sealing member; The contact cover plate is spaced apart from the collision energy absorbing cavity, the flexible seal is connected between the contact cover plate and the collision energy absorbing cavity, and the flexible seal, the contact cover plate and the collision energy absorbing cavity together form a sealed cavity; The collision energy absorption chamber includes a shell, a middle partition and a spacer cover. The shell has an inner cavity and a drainage hole connected between the sealing cavity and the inner cavity. The middle partition is fixed in the inner cavity. The spacer cover includes a spacer part and a connecting part. The spacer part is parallel to the middle partition. The connecting part is connected between the spacer part and the middle partition. The spacer cover and the middle partition are separated in the inner cavity to form a spacer cavity. The spacer part is also provided with a spacer through hole, and the spacer through hole is connected between the spacer cavity and the inner cavity.

2. The collision energy absorbing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The middle partition is fixed in the inner cavity and divides the inner cavity into an upper cavity and a lower cavity. The upper cavity is connected to the drainage hole. The middle partition is also provided with a partition through hole for connecting the upper cavity and the lower cavity.

3. The collision energy absorbing device according to claim 2, characterized in that: There are multiple spacer covers, which are nested with each other and fixed in the upper cavity at intervals.

4. The collision energy absorbing device according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: The collision energy absorbing cavity includes a receiving cover, which is located in the upper cavity, elastically connected to the middle partition, and surrounded by the outer side of the spacing cover. The receiving cover and the spacing cover together form a receiving cavity.

5. The collision energy absorbing device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The partition through hole includes a first partition through hole communicating between the upper cavity and the lower cavity, and a second partition through hole communicating between the spacing cavity and the lower cavity. The spacing through hole communicates between the receiving cavity and the spacing cavity.

6. The collision energy absorbing device according to any one of claims 2 to 5, characterized in that: The collision energy absorbing cavity includes a flexible separation membrane, which is fixed in the lower cavity and enclosed with the middle partition to form a flexible cavity.

7. The collision energy absorbing device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The shell includes a top plate, side walls and a bottom plate. The top plate is located between the bottom plate and the contact cover plate. The side walls are connected between the top plate and the bottom plate. The top plate, the bottom plate and the side walls together form the inner cavity.

8. The collision energy absorbing device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The top plate is slidably connected to the side wall, and when subjected to force, the top plate can slide toward the bottom plate to compress the volume of the inner cavity.

9. The collision energy absorbing device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The shell is provided with an elastic limiting member, which includes a limiting block and a spring. The side wall is provided with a receiving hole for accommodating the elastic limiting member. The spring is arranged at the bottom of the receiving hole and supports the limiting block to extend out of the receiving hole to support the top plate.

10. The collision energy absorbing device according to claim 9, characterized in that: The limiting block includes a support end away from the spring, and the support end is provided with an inclined surface for supporting the top plate; and / or, The edge of the top plate is provided with a chamfer, and the top plate is abutted and supported by the elastic limiting member through the chamfer.

11. The collision energy absorbing device according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that: The collision energy absorbing device further includes an electromagnetic coil, which is sleeved on the outside of the shell and is used to form a magnetic field in the inner cavity.

12. The collision energy absorbing device according to claim 11, characterized in that: The collision energy absorption device also includes a pressure sensor, which is fixed to the contact cover plate and is also electrically connected to the electromagnetic coil for sensing the external force applied to the contact cover plate to control the size of the magnetic field formed by the electromagnetic coil in the inner cavity.

13. The collision energy absorbing device according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that: The collision energy absorbing device further includes a telescopic component, which is held between the contact cover plate and the collision energy absorbing cavity and is used to provide elastic force for the contact cover plate to move away from the collision energy absorbing cavity.

14. The collision energy absorbing device according to claim 13, characterized in that: The telescopic assembly includes a telescopic sleeve and an elastic member. The telescopic sleeve is hollow. The opposite ends of the telescopic sleeve respectively abut against the contact cover plate and the collision energy absorbing device. The elastic member is accommodated in the telescopic assembly.

15. The collision energy absorbing device according to claim 14, characterized in that: The telescopic sleeve includes a plurality of cylinders, which are nested in sequence and can slide relative to each other.

16. The collision energy absorbing device according to claim 14 or 15, characterized in that: The housing includes a buffer pad, which is located on a side of the housing facing the contact cover plate and is arranged corresponding to the position of the telescopic sleeve. The buffer pad is used to provide buffering for the telescopic sleeve.

17. The collision energy absorbing device according to any one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that: The sealed cavity and the collision energy absorbing cavity are both filled with damping materials. When the contact cover plate is moved toward the collision energy absorbing cavity by external force, the damping material in the sealed cavity is pressed into the inner cavity and rubs in the inner cavity to absorb energy.

18. The collision energy absorbing device according to claim 17, characterized in that: The damping material is a magnetorheological material.

19. A bumper, characterized in that: It comprises a shell and at least one collision energy absorbing device according to any one of claims 1 to 18, wherein each collision energy absorbing device is accommodated in the shell and is used to provide a buffering function for the bumper.

20. A vehicle, characterized in that: The vehicle comprises a vehicle body and the bumper as claimed in claim 19, wherein the bumper is fixed to the vehicle body.

21. A vehicle, characterized in that: The vehicle comprises a vehicle body, a bumper, and a collision energy absorbing device according to any one of claims 1 to 18, wherein the collision energy absorbing device is connected between the vehicle body and the bumper and is used to provide a buffering function between the bumper and the vehicle body.

22. A method for controlling a collision energy absorbing device, characterized in that: The collision energy absorption device includes a collision energy absorption cavity, the inner cavity of the collision energy absorption cavity is filled with magnetorheological material, and an electromagnetic coil is provided outside the collision energy absorption cavity. The method includes the following steps: Using a pressure sensor to monitor the external force borne by the collision energy absorbing device; If the external force borne by the collision energy absorbing device is greater than or equal to a preset threshold, the current value of the electromagnetic coil is increased to enhance the magnetic field strength in the collision energy absorbing cavity, thereby increasing the viscosity of the magnetorheological material.

23. The method for controlling a collision energy absorbing device according to claim 22, wherein: The preset threshold includes a first preset threshold and a second preset threshold, the current value of the electromagnetic coil includes a first current value corresponding to the first preset threshold, and a second current value corresponding to the second preset threshold, the first preset threshold is smaller than the second preset threshold, and the first current value is smaller than the second current value.

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