Special fertilizer for middle and later fruit bearing periods of vine hanging watermelons and preparation method of special fertilizer

Abstract

The invention provides a special fertilizer for middle and later fruit bearing periods of vine hanging watermelons and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of fertilizers. The fertilizer provided by the invention is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40-50 parts of urea, 20-30 parts of potassium sulfate, 30-40 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 3-5 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 1-1.5 parts of trace elements, 2-4 parts of glucose, 2-4 parts of compound amino acid, 3-5 parts of ascorbic acid, 5-10 parts of saccharomycetes and 1-2 parts of a surfactant. The raw materials used by the fertilizer prepared by the invention are safe and environment-friendly, do not cause harm to human bodies and land, and can promote the expansion of the vine hanging watermelons, improve the sweetness and reduce the cracking rate of the watermelons.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of fertilizers, and in particular to a special fertilizer for hanging vine watermelons in the middle and late stages of fruiting and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] As a must-have fruit for cooling off in summer, watermelon is widely loved by consumers for its sweet, juicy, refreshing and greasy taste. Among them, hanging vine watermelon is more popular among consumers. With the continuous advancement of agricultural technology, how to increase the yield of watermelon and improve its quality, especially to increase its size and sweetness, has become an important research direction in the field of watermelon cultivation.

[0003] In order to promote the expansion of watermelon fruit, plant regulators are often used for coating or spraying to promote the expansion of watermelon fruit by promoting cell division and expansion. Although the use of plant regulators can effectively promote the expansion of watermelon fruit, it can cause problems such as bursting and deformation of watermelon, resulting in a reduction in watermelon production. Long-term use of watermelon with plant regulators may also cause harm to human health. Therefore, it is urgent to develop an environmentally friendly and safe method for promoting the expansion of watermelon, increasing sweetness and reducing the bursting of watermelon. Summary of the invention

[0004] The invention aims to provide a special fertilizer for hanging vine watermelons in the middle and late stages of fruiting, which can effectively reduce the fruit cracking rate while promoting the expansion of hanging vine watermelons and improving the sweetness.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] The invention provides a special fertilizer for hanging vine watermelon in the middle and late stages of fruiting, which is characterized by being composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40-50 parts of urea, 20-30 parts of potassium sulfate, 30-40 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 3-5 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1-1.5 parts of trace elements, 2-4 parts of glucose, 2-4 parts of complex amino acids, 3-5 parts of ascorbic acid, 5-10 parts of yeast and 1-2 parts of surfactant.

[0007] Preferably, the trace elements are iron, manganese, copper, zinc, boron and molybdenum in a mass ratio of 1-2:1-2:1-2:1-2:1-2:1-2;

[0008] The composite amino acid is composed of aspartic acid, glutamic acid, tryptophan, glycine and alanine in a mass ratio of 0.5-1.5:0.5-1.5:1-2:0.5-1.5:1-2.

[0009] Preferably, the surfactant is any one or more of ionic surfactants.

[0010] The invention also provides a method for preparing a special fertilizer for hanging vine watermelon in the middle and late stages of fruiting, which comprises uniformly mixing urea, potassium sulfate, monoammonium phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, trace elements, glucose, composite amino acids, ascorbic acid, yeast and a surfactant.

[0011] The invention also provides a method for applying the special fertilizer in the middle and late stages of the hanging vine watermelon fruiting period. After the hanging vine watermelon fruit-bearing period, the special fertilizer is dissolved in water and applied during irrigation.

[0012] Preferably, the application amount is 20 to 30 kg / mu.

[0013] The present invention effectively improves the absorption of nutrients by the hanging vine watermelon by using a combination of yeast and ascorbic acid, promotes the expansion of the hanging vine watermelon and improves the sweetness, and then effectively enhances the toughness and strength of the melon skin by applying potassium dihydrogen phosphate, glucose and composite amino acids to avoid the hanging vine watermelon from bursting due to excessive expansion. The special fertilizer for the hanging vine watermelon in the middle and late stages of fruiting contains rich nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and various trace elements, which not only provides the nutrients required for the growth of the hanging vine watermelon, but also promotes the absorption and utilization of nutrients by the hanging vine watermelon, and reduces the bursting of the hanging vine watermelon during the expansion process; and does not contain hormone components, so it is safe and environmentally friendly. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0014] The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the protection scope of the present invention.

[0015] Example 1 Preparation of special fertilizer for hanging vine watermelon in the middle and late stages of fruiting

[0016] Raw material composition: 450g urea, 250g potassium sulfate, 350g monoammonium phosphate, 40g potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 12g trace elements, 30g glucose, 30g complex amino acids, 40g ascorbic acid, 60g yeast, and 15g surfactant.

[0017] The trace elements are iron, manganese, copper, zinc, boron and molybdenum in a mass ratio of 1:1:1:1:1:1.

[0018] The composite amino acid is composed of aspartic acid, glutamic acid, tryptophan, glycine and alanine in a mass ratio of 1:1:1.5:1:1.5.

[0019] The surfactant is tetradecyl sulfate.

[0020] The yeast was a common commercial yeast (purchased from Jiangsu Caiwei Biotechnology Co., Ltd., with a specification of 25 kg / piece and a viable count of ≥ 1×10 11 cfu / g).

[0021] The preparation method is:

[0022] The special fertilizer for watermelon in the middle and late stages of fruiting is obtained by uniformly mixing urea, potassium sulfate, monoammonium phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, trace elements, glucose, complex amino acids, ascorbic acid, yeast and surfactant.

[0023] Comparative Example 1

[0024] The preparation method is the same as that of Example 1, except that potassium dihydrogen phosphate, glucose and complex amino acids are not added during the preparation process.

[0025] Comparative Example 2

[0026] The preparation method is the same as that of Example 1, except that yeast and ascorbic acid are not added during the preparation process.

[0027] Comparative Example 3

[0028] The preparation method is the same as that of Example 1, except that potassium dihydrogen phosphate and compound amino acids are not added during the preparation process.

[0029] Comparative Example 4

[0030] The preparation method is the same as that of Example 1, except that ascorbic acid is not added during the preparation process.

[0031] Planting test 1 (soil planting)

[0032] The melon field was divided into 6 blocks of the same size, numbered 1 to 6, wherein the special fertilizer prepared in Example 1 was applied to the melon field No. 1, and the special fertilizer prepared in Comparative Examples 1 to 4 was applied to the melon field No. 2 to 5, respectively. The melon field No. 6 was a blank control, and only the same amount of urea, potassium sulfate and monoammonium phosphate fertilizers were applied during irrigation. The watermelon variety was Jinbite, and the early treatment of the six melon fields was the same. The fertilization method was to irrigate after the watermelon fruited. The melon field was irrigated by drip irrigation, and the special fertilizer for the middle and late stages of watermelon fruiting was dissolved in the irrigation water, with an amount of 25 kg per mu.

[0033] Determination of watermelon quality traits

[0034] After the watermelons were harvested, 15 watermelons were randomly selected from plots 1 to 6, and the horizontal diameter, vertical diameter, rind thickness and sweetness (sugar content) of the watermelons were measured and the average values ​​were calculated. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0035] Table 1 Watermelon quality traits

[0036] project No. 1 No. 2 No.3 No. 4 No. 5 No. 6 Horizontal diameter / cm 12.2 14.3 10.5 13.6 11.2 9.4 Longitudinal diameter / cm 15.5 17.4 13.8 16.8 14.6 11.2 Melon skin thickness / mm 6.4 5.1 7.8 5.3 7.4 7.3 Sugar content / % 12.2 11.8 9.4 10.7 7.3 5.6

[0037] According to Table 1, after potassium dihydrogen phosphate, glucose and compound amino acids were removed from the fertilizer applied to Plot 2, the horizontal and vertical diameters of the watermelons were significantly increased compared with those of Plot 1, but the thickness of the rind was significantly thinner, indicating that potassium dihydrogen phosphate, glucose and compound amino acids can increase the thickness of the rind and limit the excessive expansion of the watermelon; after yeast and ascorbic acid were removed from the fertilizer applied to Plot 3, the horizontal and vertical diameters were significantly reduced compared with the watermelons in Plot 1, but the rind was significantly thickened, indicating that yeast and ascorbic acid have the effects of promoting the expansion of watermelons, increasing the sweetness of watermelons, and reducing the thickness of the rind; after potassium dihydrogen phosphate and compound amino acids were removed from the fertilizer applied to Plot 4, the horizontal and vertical diameters of the watermelons were significantly increased compared with those of the watermelons in Plot 4. Compared with Plot 2, it was slightly lower, but compared with Plot 1, it was still significantly increased. The rind thickness increased compared with Plot 2, but compared with Plot 1, it was still significantly thinner, indicating that glucose could increase the rind thickness to a certain extent to prevent excessive swelling of watermelons. After removing ascorbic acid from the fertilizer applied to Plot 5, the horizontal and vertical diameters of the watermelons were higher than those in Plot 3, but lower than those in Plot 1. The rind thickness was slightly lower than that in Plot 3, but significantly thicker than that in Plot 1. The sweetness was higher than that in Plot 3, but still relatively low compared with Plot 1, indicating that ascorbic acid can effectively reduce the rind thickness and, to a certain extent, promote the swelling of watermelons and increase their sweetness. In summary, the special fertilizer for watermelon in the middle and late fruiting period prepared by the present application can effectively inhibit the expansion of watermelon by increasing the thickness of the melon rind through the combined action of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, glucose and compound amino acids, while yeast and ascorbic acid can effectively promote the expansion of watermelon and improve the sweetness of watermelon, and effectively reduce the thickness of the melon rind. The comprehensive use of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, glucose, compound amino acids, yeast and ascorbic acid can effectively promote the expansion of watermelon, improve the sweetness, and prevent excessive expansion of watermelon.

[0038] Determination of watermelon yield and cracking rate

[0039] After the watermelons were harvested, the per-acre yield and watermelon cracking rate of each plot were calculated. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0040] Table 2 Yield and cracking rate of watermelon

[0041] project No. 1 No. 2 No.3 No. 4 No. 5 No. 6 Yield per mu / kg 1835.62 1656.32 1654.54 1586.34 1611.28 1498.31 Melon cracking rate / % 0.45 8.52 0.43 6.81 2.42 4.23

[0042] As shown in Table 2, the watermelon fruiting middle and late stage special fertilizer of the present invention significantly increases the cracking rate after removing potassium dihydrogen phosphate, glucose and compound amino acid, resulting in a significant reduction in watermelon yield. Although the cracking rate is also reduced after removing yeast and ascorbic acid, the yield of watermelon will also be significantly reduced due to the small growth of watermelon. Therefore, only by applying potassium dihydrogen phosphate, glucose, compound amino acid, yeast and ascorbic acid fertilizer at the same time can the cracking rate be significantly reduced and the yield of watermelon be increased.

[0043] Planting experiment 2 (substrate planting)

[0044] The purchased substrate (purchased from Lishui Yunyi Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd., made of vermiculite, perlite and fermented mushroom residues, rice, wheat, corn stalks and livestock and poultry manure) was laid in a greenhouse planting trough with an upper width of 30 cm, a bottom width of 20 cm, a height of 24 cm and a length of 300 cm. The 18 planting troughs were randomly divided into 6 groups, and the 1st to 5th groups were respectively the fertilizers prepared by Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4, and the 6th group was a blank control. Only the same amount of urea, potassium sulfate and monoammonium phosphate fertilizers were applied during irrigation. The hanging vine watermelon variety is Jinbite, and the early treatment of the six groups of substrate troughs is the same. The fertilization method is to apply it with irrigation after the watermelon bears fruit. The irrigation method is drip irrigation, and the special fertilizer for the middle and late stages of watermelon fruiting is dissolved in the irrigation water, and the amount per mu is 25 kg.

[0045] Determination of watermelon quality traits

[0046] After the watermelons were harvested, 15 watermelons were randomly selected from each of the 1st to 6th groups of matrix tanks. The horizontal diameter, vertical diameter, rind thickness and sweetness (sugar content) of the watermelons were measured and the average values ​​were calculated. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0047] Table 3 Watermelon quality traits

[0048] project 1 group 2 groups 3 groups 4 groups 5 groups 6 groups Horizontal diameter / cm 15.6 17.5 13.8 17.1 14.3 11.5 Longitudinal diameter / cm 18.3 21.3 16.1 19.9 17.5 13.8 Melon skin thickness / mm 6.2 4.8 7.3 5.5 6.7 7.1 Sugar content / % 13.1 12.2 9.7 10.9 8.3 6.1

[0049] According to Table 3, compared with soil planting, the horizontal and vertical diameters of watermelons have been significantly improved by using matrix planting, the thickness of the melon rind has not changed much, and the sugar content has also increased to a certain extent. However, the overall impact trend of the special fertilizer of the present application on watermelons has not changed. The combined action of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, glucose and compound amino acids can effectively inhibit the expansion of watermelons by increasing the thickness of the melon rind, while yeast and ascorbic acid can effectively promote the expansion of watermelons and increase the sweetness of watermelons, and effectively reduce the thickness of the melon rind. The comprehensive use of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, glucose, compound amino acids, yeast and ascorbic acid can effectively promote the expansion of watermelons, increase sweetness, and prevent excessive expansion of watermelons.

[0050] Determination of watermelon yield and cracking rate

[0051] After the watermelons were harvested, the per-acre yield and watermelon cracking rate of each plot were calculated. The results are shown in Table 4.

[0052] Table 4 Yield and cracking rate of watermelon

[0053] project No. 1 No. 2 No.3 No. 4 No. 5 No. 6 Yield per mu / kg 1865.23 1665.97 1687.24 1614.27 1654.39 1454.28 Melon cracking rate / % 3.54 15.42 2.18 11.32 8.64 6.47

[0054] It can be seen from Table 3 and Table 4 that, due to planting in the greenhouse planting trough, although the horizontal and vertical diameters (volume) of watermelon are significantly improved, due to the reduction of watermelon planting amount per unit area, the cracking rate also significantly increases, so the watermelon yield per mu of land does not change much. However, according to the data in Table 4, it can still be known that the cracking rate of watermelon in the middle and late stages of the present invention is significantly improved after removing potassium dihydrogen phosphate, glucose and compound amino acids, resulting in a significant reduction in watermelon yield. Although the cracking rate is also reduced after removing yeast and ascorbic acid, the yield of watermelon will also be significantly reduced due to the smaller growth of watermelon. Therefore, only by applying potassium dihydrogen phosphate, glucose, compound amino acids, yeast and ascorbic acid fertilizers at the same time can the cracking rate of watermelon be significantly reduced and the yield of watermelon be increased.

[0055] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A special fertilizer for hanging vine watermelon in the middle and late stages of fruiting, characterized in that: The invention is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40-50 parts of urea, 20-30 parts of potassium sulfate, 30-40 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 3-5 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1-1.5 parts of trace elements, 2-4 parts of glucose, 2-4 parts of complex amino acids, 3-5 parts of ascorbic acid, 5-10 parts of yeast and 1-2 parts of surfactant.

2. The special fertilizer for hanging vine watermelon in the middle and late stages of fruiting as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The trace elements are iron, manganese, copper, zinc, boron and molybdenum in a mass ratio of 1-2:1-2:1-2:1-2:1-2:1-2; The composite amino acid is composed of aspartic acid, glutamic acid, tryptophan, glycine and alanine in a mass ratio of 0.5-1.5:0.5-1.5:1-2:0.5-1.5:1-2.

3. The special fertilizer for hanging vine watermelon in the middle and late stages of fruiting as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The surfactant is any one or more of ionic surfactants.

4. A method for preparing the special fertilizer for hanging vine watermelon in the middle and late stages of fruiting according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The urea, potassium sulfate, monoammonium phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, trace elements, glucose, complex amino acids, ascorbic acid, yeast and surfactant are mixed evenly.

5. A method for applying the special fertilizer for hanging vine watermelon in the middle and late stages of fruiting according to any one of claims 1 to 3 or the special fertilizer for hanging vine watermelon in the middle and late stages of fruiting prepared by the preparation method according to claim 4, characterized in that: After the hanging vine watermelon bears fruit, dissolve it in water and apply it during irrigation.

6. The method of administration according to claim 5, characterized in that The application rate is 20-30kg / mu.