Combustion chamber and fuel nozzle therefor

Abstract

The application aims to provide a combustion chamber and a fuel nozzle thereof, the fuel nozzle comprising a collector ring shell, a collector ring rod core and a baffle. The collector ring shell has an annular cavity inside, an air inlet hole is arranged in the inner circumferential sidewall of the collector ring shell, and an air outlet hole is arranged in the end face of the collector ring shell. The collector ring rod core is arranged in the annular cavity, and the baffle is arranged between the air inlet hole and the collector ring rod core, for guiding the airflow to flow from the air inlet hole to the air outlet hole and preventing the airflow entering from the air inlet hole from impacting the collector ring rod core. A first sealing assembly is arranged between the baffle and the inner circumferential wall of the collector ring rod core, and a second sealing assembly is arranged between the outer circumferential wall of the collector ring rod core and the outer circumferential wall of the annular cavity. The fuel nozzle can effectively avoid the occurrence of coking.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of gas turbine engine technology, in particular to a combustion chamber and its fuel nozzle. BACKGROUND

[0002] The fuel nozzle of an aero-engine is mainly affected by the convective heat transfer from the combustion chamber inlet air and the radiative heat transfer from the combustion chamber flame tube. As the engine cycle parameters continue to improve, the combustion chamber inlet air temperature and the combustion chamber flame tube gas temperature continue to rise, and thus the nozzle heat load increases, and the fuel nozzle oil passage inner wall temperature and the fuel temperature also continue to rise. Higher fuel wet wall temperature causes thermal oxidation or thermal cracking of the fuel, and when the fuel wet wall temperature is greater than 421K, oxidation occurs, and when the fuel wet wall temperature is greater than 699K, thermal cracking occurs. After thermal oxidation or thermal cracking, deposits and coking occur on the oil passage wall, reducing the flow area of the fuel pipeline, and in severe cases, even blocking the nozzle, affecting the fuel atomization effect.

[0003] Worse and worse fuel atomization effect will lead to deterioration of the combustion efficiency, emissions, and outlet temperature distribution of the combustion chamber, increase of the fuel consumption of the engine, decrease of the power performance, and difficulty in guaranteeing the working life of the turbine blade, which seriously threatens flight safety.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to take thermal protection design for the nozzle to reduce the heating effect of external heat source on the fuel and reduce the nozzle oil passage inner wall temperature, thereby avoiding the occurrence of coking phenomenon. SUMMARY

[0005] The purpose of the present application is to provide a fuel nozzle that can effectively avoid the occurrence of coking phenomenon.

[0006] To achieve the foregoing purpose, the fuel nozzle comprises:

[0007] A collector ring shell having an annular cavity inside, an air inlet hole is formed in the inner circumferential side wall of the collector ring shell, and an air outlet hole is formed in the end face of the collector ring shell;

[0008] A collector ring rod core is arranged in the annular cavity; and

[0009] A baffle plate is arranged between the air inlet hole and the collector ring rod core for guiding the airflow from the air inlet hole to the air outlet hole and preventing the airflow entering from the air inlet hole from impacting the collector ring rod core;

[0010] Wherein, a first sealing assembly is arranged between the baffle plate and the inner circumferential side wall of the collector ring rod core, and a second sealing assembly is arranged between the outer circumferential side wall of the collector ring rod core and the outer circumferential wall of the annular cavity.

[0011] In one or more embodiments, the first sealing assembly comprises a first sealing portion and a second sealing portion, the first sealing portion is arranged protruding from the baffle towards the oil ring rod core, the second sealing portion is arranged protruding from the oil ring rod core towards the baffle, and the first sealing portion and the second sealing portion define a first flow channel allowing gas flow therebetween.

[0012] In one or more embodiments, the first sealing portion and the second sealing portion are arranged at the same axial position along the axial direction of the annular cavity.

[0013] In one or more embodiments, the first sealing portion and the second sealing portion are trapezoidal, and the first flow channel is defined between the upper bases of the two trapezoids.

[0014] In one or more embodiments, the second sealing assembly comprises a third sealing portion and a fourth sealing portion, the third sealing portion is arranged protruding from the outer peripheral wall of the annular cavity towards the oil ring rod core, the fourth sealing portion is arranged protruding from the oil ring rod core towards the outer peripheral wall of the annular cavity, and the third sealing portion and the fourth sealing portion define a second flow channel allowing gas flow therebetween.

[0015] In one or more embodiments, the third sealing portion and the fourth sealing portion are arranged at different axial positions along the axial direction of the annular cavity.

[0016] In one or more embodiments, the third sealing portion and the fourth sealing portion are trapezoidal, and the second flow channel is defined between the waists of the two trapezoids.

[0017] In one or more embodiments, the baffle comprises a body segment and a connecting segment, the connecting segment connects the body segment and the inner peripheral wall of the annular cavity, and the body segment extends along the axial direction of the annular cavity towards the gas outlet hole.

[0018] In one or more embodiments, a plurality of connecting portions are arranged on the end surface of the oil ring rod core along the circumferential direction of the oil ring rod core, and the oil ring rod core is fixedly connected to the annular cavity through the connecting portions.

[0019] In the connecting portions, a notch is formed.

[0020] In another aspect, according to some embodiments of the present application, a combustion chamber is also provided, comprising a fuel nozzle, a flame tube and a combustion chamber case, characterized in that the fuel nozzle is the fuel nozzle as described above.

[0021] The present application has the following beneficial effects:

[0022] The fuel nozzle with the structure reduces the risk of coking in the fuel nozzle by reducing the direct impact of high-temperature purge air on the oil collecting ring rod core and weakening the convection heating of the high-temperature purge air on the oil collecting ring rod core oil channel.

[0023] The above description is only a summary of the technical solutions of the present application, in order to enable the technical means of the present application to be more clearly understood, and can be implemented according to the content of the specification, and in order to make the above and other purposes, features and advantages of the present application more obvious and easy to understand, the following specific embodiments of the present application are described. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0024] Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments. The accompanying drawings are included to provide a description of the preferred embodiments and are not meant to limit the present application. Furthermore, the same reference numerals are used throughout the several views that follow. In the drawings:

[0025] Figure 1 A schematic diagram according to some embodiments of the present combustion chamber is shown;

[0026] Figure 2 A semi-sectional schematic diagram according to some embodiments of the present fuel nozzle is shown;

[0027] Figure 3 A perspective schematic diagram according to some embodiments of the present oil collecting ring shell is shown;

[0028] Figure 4 A perspective schematic diagram according to some embodiments of the present oil collecting ring rod core is shown

[0029] Figure 5 A partial enlarged schematic diagram of part A in Figure 2

[0030] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the flow path of the air flow in the oil collecting ring shell is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The embodiments of the technical solutions of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, and therefore only serve as examples, and cannot limit the protection scope of the present application.

[0032] ​Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs; the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of this application; the description and claims of this application as well as the above abstract are intended to cover all alternatives, modifications, and equivalents thereof in accordance with the scope of the application as defined by the claims. Throughout this application the word "comprise" or variations such as "comprises" or "comprising", will be understood to imply the inclusion of a stated integer or group of integers but not the exclusion of any other integer or group of integers. By "consisting of" is meant including, and limited to, whatever follows the phrase "consisting of." When the phrase "consists of" appears in a clause of the body of the independent claim or in a clause of the introduction of the dependent claim, steps, options or components of the claimed application, that do not appear in that clause are optional and will not be required in a product or process claimed in the corresponding claim. The use of the term "about" in conjunction with a reference to a value or a parameter is meant to encompass minor variations (plus or minus 10%) of the stated value or parameter.

[0033] For the problem of coking easily occurred in the existing fuel nozzle, the applicant has found that the key of the gas path design in the fuel nozzle is to reduce the convective heat transfer of the hot air (purge air flow) entering the nozzle to the oil path of the oil collecting ring, to reduce the secondary flow of the purge air flow, to weaken the convective heating of the high-temperature purge air to the oil path of the oil collecting ring, and to also weaken the heat conduction of the high-temperature outer shell of the oil collecting ring to the oil path of the oil collecting ring.

[0034] Based on this, in one aspect, according to some embodiments of the present application, a combustion chamber is provided, which comprises a fuel nozzle 100, a flame tube 92 and a casing 93. Figure 1 A schematic diagram according to some embodiments of the present combustion chamber is shown, which comprises a fuel nozzle 100, a flame tube 92 and a casing 93. As shown by the arrows, the air flow entering the combustion chamber is divided into three parts, including outer annular cavity air 901, head air 902 and inner annular cavity air 903. After being compressed by the compressor, the air enters the combustion chamber, mixes with the fuel output by the oil path in the fuel nozzle 100, and then burns in the flame tube 92. The high-temperature combustion gas generated flows backward to drive the turbine to do work.

[0035] On the other hand, in order to solve the problem of coking easily occurred in the existing fuel nozzle, according to some embodiments of the present application, a fuel nozzle is also provided, which is used in the combustion chamber as described in the foregoing embodiments. Figure 2 A semi-sectional schematic diagram according to some embodiments of the present fuel nozzle 100 is shown, Figure 5 A partial enlarged schematic diagram of part A in the above figure is shown. Figure 2 A partial enlarged schematic diagram of part A in the above figure is shown.

[0036] The fuel nozzle 100 comprises an oil collecting ring shell 1, an oil collecting ring rod core 2 and a baffle 3. Figure 3 A three-dimensional schematic diagram according to some embodiments of the present oil collecting ring shell is shown, Figure 4 A three-dimensional schematic diagram according to some embodiments of the present oil collecting ring rod core is shown. For reference, see Figures 2 to 5 The inside of the oil collecting ring shell 1 has an annular cavity 10, the inner circumferential side wall of the oil collecting ring shell 1 is provided with an air inlet hole 11, and the end face of the oil collecting ring shell 1 is provided with an air outlet hole 12. The oil collecting ring rod core 2 is arranged in the annular cavity 10, and the baffle 3 is arranged between the air inlet hole 11 and the oil collecting ring rod core 2.

[0037] Figure 6The flow path of the air flow in the oil collecting ring shell is shown, the baffle 3 is used to guide the air flow to flow along the direction shown by the arrow a from the air inlet hole 11 to the air outlet hole 12, the air flow is blocked between the baffle 3 and the air inlet hole 11 to prevent the purge air flow from entering and impacting the oil collecting ring rod core 2 from the air inlet hole 11. Due to the existence of the structure of the baffle 3, the high-temperature purge air flow directly impacting the oil collecting ring rod core 2 is avoided, and the risk of coking of the oil passage of the oil collecting ring rod core 2 is reduced. At the same time, the baffle 3 can guide the purge air flow to blow out the fuel oil, prevent a small amount of fuel oil from depositing in the cavity to cause self-ignition, and on the other hand, also play the effect c of enhancing the air atomization of the main nozzle fuel oil, improve the combustion efficiency, and ensure the effects of blowing off the fuel oil by the main flow purge air flow and enhancing the atomization.

[0038] Among them, the first sealing assembly 4 is arranged between the baffle 3 and the inner periphery of the oil collecting ring rod core 2, and the second sealing assembly 5 is arranged between the outer periphery of the oil collecting ring rod core 2 and the outer peripheral wall surface of the annular cavity 10.

[0039] By arranging the first sealing assembly 4, the secondary flow of the purge air located on the circumferential inner side of the oil collecting ring rod core 2 shown by the arrow b can be reduced, and by arranging the second sealing assembly 5, the secondary flow of the purge air located on the circumferential outer side of the oil collecting ring rod core 2 shown by the arrow b can be reduced. In combination, the convective heating of the high-temperature purge air to the oil passage of the oil collecting ring rod core 2 can be weakened, and the coking risk can be reduced.

[0040] The fuel nozzle with the structure can reduce the direct impact of the high-temperature purge air on the oil collecting ring rod core 2 and weaken the convective heating of the high-temperature purge air to the oil passage of the oil collecting ring rod core 2 by combining the arrangement of the baffle 3, the first sealing assembly 4 and the second sealing assembly 5, and the coking risk in the fuel nozzle can be reduced by the combined action.

[0041] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the technical terms "first", "second" and the like are only used to distinguish different objects, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number, specific order or primary and secondary relationship of the indicated technical features. In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the meaning of "a plurality of" is two or more, unless otherwise explicitly and specifically limited.

[0042] In this document, referring to "embodiments" means that the specific features, structures or properties described in combination with the embodiments can be included in at least one embodiment of the present application. The appearance of this phrase in various places in the specification does not necessarily mean the same embodiment, nor is it an independent or alternative embodiment to other embodiments. Those skilled in the art explicitly and implicitly understand that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments.

[0043] In a specific embodiment of the fuel nozzle, as shown in Figure 5The first sealing assembly 4 includes a first sealing part 41 and a second sealing part 42. The first sealing part 41 is arranged protruding from the baffle 3 towards the oil collector ring core 2, and the second sealing part 42 is arranged protruding from the oil collector ring core 2 towards the baffle 3. The first sealing part 41 and the second sealing part 42 define a first flow channel 40 therebetween, which allows gas flow.

[0044] In a specific embodiment of the fuel nozzle, the first sealing part 41 and the second sealing part 42 are arranged at the same axial position along the axial direction x of the annular cavity 10.

[0045] Further, in a specific embodiment of the fuel nozzle, the first sealing part 41 and the second sealing part 42 are in the shape of a trapezoid, and the upper bases of the two trapezoids define the first flow channel 40 therebetween.

[0046] In a specific embodiment, the distance between the upper bases of the two trapezoids is 0.1-0.5 mm, thereby forming a micro-gap design, which can reduce the vibration between the oil collector ring core 2 and the oil collector ring shell 1 when the fuel nozzle is in operation in the combustion chamber, and improve the service life of the fuel nozzle.

[0047] In some other suitable embodiments, the first sealing assembly 4 can also be a sealing part structure having other configurations, such as a gill structure.

[0048] In a specific embodiment of the fuel nozzle, the second sealing assembly 5 includes a third sealing part 51 and a fourth sealing part 52. The third sealing part 51 is arranged protruding from the outer peripheral wall surface of the annular cavity 10 towards the oil collector ring core 2, and the fourth sealing part 52 is arranged protruding from the oil collector ring core 2 towards the outer peripheral wall surface of the annular cavity 10. The third sealing part 51 and the fourth sealing part 52 define a second flow channel 50 therebetween, which allows gas flow.

[0049] In a specific embodiment of the fuel nozzle, the third sealing part 51 and the fourth sealing part 52 are arranged at different axial positions along the axial direction of the annular cavity 10.

[0050] Further, in a specific embodiment of the fuel nozzle, the third sealing part 51 and the fourth sealing part 52 are in the shape of a trapezoid, and the waists of the two trapezoids define the second flow channel 50 therebetween.

[0051] In some suitable embodiments, the second sealing assembly 5 can also have the same configuration as the first sealing assembly 4.

[0052] In some other suitable embodiments, the second sealing assembly 5 can also be a sealing part structure having other configurations, such as a gill structure.

[0053] In one specific embodiment of the fuel nozzle, the baffle 3 comprises a body section 31 and a connecting section 32 connecting the body section 31 with the inner peripheral wall surface of the annular cavity 10, the body section extending along the axial direction of the annular cavity towards the gas outlet hole 12, so as to realize the arrangement of the baffle 3 with a small part structure, and to realize the effect of weight reduction.

[0054] In one specific embodiment of the fuel nozzle, a plurality of connecting portions 21 are arranged on the end surface of the oil collecting ring rod core 2 along the circumferential direction of the oil collecting ring rod core 2, and the oil collecting ring rod core 2 is fixedly connected to the annular cavity through the connecting portions 21; wherein a notch 210 is arranged in the connecting portion 21, and the notch 210 reduces the contact area between the connecting portion and the wall surface of the annular cavity. In one specific embodiment, the connecting portion 21 comprises a first section 211 extending along the axial direction of the oil collecting ring rod core 2, and a second section 212 arranged towards the inner side of the radial direction of the oil collecting ring rod core 2, and the notch 210 is arranged in the first section 211. The notch 210 can be, but is not limited to, for example, a through hole, a groove, etc. By arranging the notch 210, the deformation amount of the oil collecting ring rod core 2 is ensured, and the heat conduction of the connecting portion 21 to the oil passage of the oil collecting ring rod core 2 is reduced.

[0055] In one specific embodiment of the fuel nozzle, the oil ring rod core 2 comprises a pre-combustion stage main oil passage 22, a pre-combustion stage auxiliary oil passage 23, and a main combustion stage oil passage 24, fuel flows into the pre-combustion stage main oil passage 22 from a pre-combustion stage main oil passage inlet 221 and flows out from a pre-combustion stage main oil passage outlet 222, fuel flows into the pre-combustion stage auxiliary oil passage 23 from a pre-combustion stage auxiliary oil passage inlet 231 and flows out from a pre-combustion stage auxiliary oil passage outlet 232, and fuel flows into the main combustion stage oil passage 24 from a main combustion stage oil passage inlet 241 and is sprayed from a main nozzle 242, and after atomization, the fuel is mixed with air and burns in the flame tube 92.

[0056] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the technical terms "mounting", "connecting", "connecting", "fixing" and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, can be fixedly connected, or can be detachably connected, or can be integrated; can be mechanically connected, or can be electrically connected; can be directly connected, or can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium; can be the internal communication of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. For those skilled in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the embodiments of the present application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0057] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, rather than limit them. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing embodiments can be modified, or some or all of the technical features can be replaced equivalently. Such modifications or replacements do not change the essence of the corresponding technical solutions, which should be covered in the scope of the claims and the specification of the present application. In particular, the technical features mentioned in each embodiment can be combined in any manner as long as there is no structural conflict. The present application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed herein, but includes all technical solutions falling within the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A fuel nozzle characterized by, The oil collecting ring shell has an annular cavity inside, an air inlet hole is arranged in the inner circumferential wall of the oil collecting ring shell, and an air outlet hole is arranged in the end face of the oil collecting ring shell. The oil collecting ring rod core is arranged in the annular cavity. The baffle is arranged between the air inlet hole and the oil collecting ring rod core, and is used for guiding the airflow to flow from the air inlet hole to the air outlet hole and preventing the airflow entering from the air inlet hole from impacting the oil collecting ring rod core. The first sealing assembly is arranged between the baffle and the inner circumferential wall of the oil collecting ring rod core, and the second sealing assembly is arranged between the outer circumferential wall of the oil collecting ring rod core and the outer circumferential wall of the annular cavity. The first sealing assembly includes a first sealing part and a second sealing part, the first sealing part is arranged protruding from the baffle towards the oil collecting ring rod core, the second sealing part is arranged protruding from the oil collecting ring rod core towards the baffle, and the first sealing part and the second sealing part define a first flow channel allowing airflow to pass.

2. The fuel nozzle of claim 1, wherein, The first sealing part and the second sealing part are arranged at the same axial position along the axial direction of the annular cavity.

3. The fuel nozzle of claim 2, wherein, The first sealing part and the second sealing part are trapezoidal, and the upper bases of the two trapezoids define the first flow channel.

4. The fuel nozzle of claim 3, wherein, The second sealing assembly includes a third sealing part and a fourth sealing part, the third sealing part is arranged protruding from the outer circumferential wall of the annular cavity towards the oil collecting ring rod core, the fourth sealing part is arranged protruding from the oil collecting ring rod core towards the outer circumferential wall of the annular cavity, and the third sealing part and the fourth sealing part define a second flow channel allowing airflow to pass.

5. The fuel nozzle of claim 1, wherein, The third sealing part and the fourth sealing part are arranged at different axial positions along the axial direction of the annular cavity.

6. The fuel nozzle of claim 5, wherein, The third sealing part and the fourth sealing part are trapezoidal, and the waists of the two trapezoids define the second flow channel.

7. The fuel nozzle of claim 6, wherein, The baffle includes a body segment and a connecting segment, the connecting segment connects the body segment and the inner circumferential wall of the annular cavity, and the body segment extends towards the air outlet hole along the axial direction of the annular cavity.

8. The fuel nozzle of claim 1, wherein, A plurality of connecting parts are arranged on the end face of the oil collecting ring rod core along the circumferential direction of the oil collecting ring rod core, and the oil collecting ring rod core is fixedly connected to the annular cavity through the connecting parts.

9. The fuel nozzle of claim 1, wherein, The connecting part is provided with a notch. The fuel nozzle is the fuel nozzle according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

10. A combustor comprising a fuel nozzle, a flame tube, and a combustor case, characterized by, ​

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