A vortex line hydrophone and method for easy recovery and deployment

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of sensor measurement technology, and discloses a vortex-type hydrophone and method that are easy to recover and deploy. The device includes a hydrophone body and a recovery and deployment assembly. The hydrophone body adopts two hemispherical transparent rubber shells that are relatively buckled, with a built-in core ceramic component and coated electrodes. The inner surface of the shell is coated with electromagnetic shielding material and filled with castor oil to ensure sealing, waterproof performance and anti-interference ability. The transparency of the rubber shell facilitates inspection and maintenance. The recovery and deployment assembly includes a connecting tube, a second airbag, a reactor assembly and a reeling mechanism. The connecting tube connects the hydrophone body and the recovery and deployment assembly, and has a built-in reactor assembly and reeling mechanism. During recovery, the reactor assembly generates gas to fill the second airbag, increasing the buoyancy to make the hydrophone float autonomously; during deployment, the reeling mechanism releases the anchor to fix the position. This design simplifies the recovery and deployment process of the hydrophone, while ensuring the sound receiving ability and anti-interference performance of the hydrophone.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of sensor measurement technology, in particular to a vortex line hydrophone and a method for easy recovery and deployment. Background Art

[0002] Hydrophones are widely used in active collision avoidance sonar, passive direction-finding sonar, side passive ranging sonar, and bow array sonar systems. The flexoelectric effect is a force-electric coupling effect that is widely present in all dielectric materials. The presence of non-uniform deformation or strain gradient fields can cause the material to produce an electric polarization response. Chinese patent CN110987157A discloses a cantilever beam flexoelectric effect vector hydrophone. When the flexoelectric effect is applied to underwater acoustic measurement, the sound pressure gradient field at the far-field measurement point can induce the material to produce a strain gradient and an electric polarization response, thereby realizing direct measurement of the sound pressure gradient. This shows that the flexoelectric effect has significant potential in the application of vector hydrophones.

[0003] The size dependence of flexoelectricity can solve the contradiction between high sensitivity and miniaturization, while the shape design of vortex lines can solve the contradiction between high sensitivity and low-frequency detection requirements. Therefore, studying new electromechanical coupling effects and designing and manufacturing low-frequency, high-sensitivity, small-sized underwater acoustic transducers are of great significance to improving the accuracy of underwater target detection.

[0004] At the same time, after the existing hydrophone is placed in the deep sea, if the hydrophone malfunctions, it needs to be repaired, which is inconvenient to remove it from the deep sea. Chinese patent CN218916525U discloses a hydrophone. When in use, after the hydrophone body is placed underwater, it sinks to the seabed under the gravity of the counterweight block. The two rotating rods are driven by a dual-axis motor to rotate, thereby driving the two I-shaped rollers to simultaneously perform a rope-releasing operation. The hydrophone body floats upward under the action of the floating ring. The length of the rope can be controlled to make the hydrophone body float within a specified height range. Under the action of the connecting rope, the hydrophone body can be confined to a certain area, thereby preventing the hydrophone body from being lost to a certain extent. When the hydrophone body is damaged, the dual-axis motor is started to continue to release the rope. The buoyancy of the floating ring drives the hydrophone body to the sea surface for easy maintenance.

[0005] When existing hydrophones need maintenance, they are generally brought to the surface by releasing a counterweighted rope and using a buoy or airbag on the hydrophone. However, in the deep sea, the hydrophone rope cannot be as long as the water depth. Therefore, the diving depth of such hydrophones cannot exceed the rope length, which limits the range of the hydrophone's deployment. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In order to overcome the defects of the above-mentioned prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a vortex line hydrophone and method that are easy to recover and deploy, so as to solve the technical problems in the prior art of how to improve the sensitivity of the vortex line hydrophone and facilitate the recovery and deployment of the vortex line hydrophone.

[0007] The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0008] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a vortex line hydrophone that is easy to recover and deploy, comprising a hydrophone body and a recovery and deployment assembly;

[0009] The hydrophone body includes two rubber shells and a core ceramic element;

[0010] The two rubber shells are both hemispherical and transparent, and the two rubber shells are relatively buckled and connected; the core ceramic element is disposed within the two rubber shells, and the two ends of the core ceramic element are respectively clamped between the two rubber shells; the surface of the core ceramic element is coated with electrodes; the inner surfaces of the two rubber shells are coated with electromagnetic shielding material; and the two rubber shells are filled with castor oil;

[0011] The recovery and delivery assembly includes a connecting tube; the top of the connecting tube is fixed to the bottom of the rubber shell located below; the outer portion of the connecting tube is provided with a second airbag;

[0012] A reactor assembly and a winding mechanism are provided in the connecting tube; the air guide ends of the reactor assembly are respectively communicated with the second airbags; the winding end of the winding mechanism passes through the bottom of the connecting tube and is connected to an anchor.

[0013] Preferably, two sets of fasteners are provided at the relative buckling positions of the two rubber shells, a through-hole structure is formed between the two sets of fasteners, the core ceramic component is located in the through-hole structure, and both ends of the core ceramic component are respectively clamped in the two sets of fasteners.

[0014] Preferably, the structure of the core ceramic element is a cylindrical sheet structure, wherein the diameter to thickness ratio of the core ceramic element is in the range of 6:1-200:1; the absolute thickness range of the core ceramic element is 10μm-3mm; the surface of the core ceramic element is provided with a plurality of vortex-shaped grooves, structural curved beams are formed between the grooves, and the surface of the core ceramic element is provided with a porous structure.

[0015] Preferably, three groups of connecting plates are provided in sequence in the vertical direction of the connecting cylinder, and the connecting cylinder is divided into a first area, a second area, a third area and a fourth area from top to bottom by the three groups of connecting plates; the reactor assembly is located in the first area and the second area; the winding mechanism is located in the third area and the fourth area.

[0016] Furthermore, the reactor assembly includes a reaction box and a reaction drive assembly;

[0017] The reaction drive assembly is located in the first area, and the reaction box is located in the second area;

[0018] The reaction drive assembly includes a cylinder, a driving end of the cylinder is connected to a striker; the striker extends into the reaction box through the second area;

[0019] The reaction box is filled with baking soda and acetic acid; the reaction box comprises two rectangular box structures, which are relatively buckled and arranged, wherein a diaphragm is provided at the buckling position for dividing the two rectangular box bodies into two independent spaces, wherein baking soda is filled in the lower rectangular box body and acetic acid is located in the upper rectangular box body;

[0020] The striker extends into the upper rectangular box through the second area;

[0021] Both sides of the lower rectangular box body are connected with air guide tubes respectively, and the ends of the two groups of air guide tubes respectively pass through the connecting tubes and are connected with the second air bag.

[0022] Furthermore, the two rectangular box structures are respectively connected with flanges at the relative fastening parts, and the flanges are affixed with bonding sheets; the flange of the rectangular box located at the bottom is provided with a groove, and the groove depth is equal to the thickness of the diaphragm, and the diaphragm is embedded in the groove provided by the flange of the rectangular box body below, and the upper and lower sides are affixed with bonding sheets.

[0023] Furthermore, the winding mechanism includes a winding roller, two sets of fixing frames and a driving transmission mechanism;

[0024] Two sets of fixing frames are fixed in the fourth area, and the two ends of the winding roller are respectively arranged on the two sets of fixing frames. A traction rope is wound on the winding roller, and the traction rope passes through the bottom of the connecting tube and is connected to the anchor; the driving transmission mechanism is located in the third area, and the output end of the driving transmission mechanism is connected to the driving end of the winding roller through the fourth area.

[0025] Furthermore, the drive transmission mechanism includes a motor and a transmission belt;

[0026] The motor is located in the third area, and the transmission belt is arranged between the third area and the fourth area, wherein the end of the transmission belt located in the third area is provided with a first pulley; the end of the transmission belt located in the fourth area is provided with a second pulley;

[0027] The driving end of the motor is connected to the first pulley, and the traction rope is connected to the second pulley.

[0028] Furthermore, the connecting tube is also provided with a first airbag, which is located below the second airbag, wherein the weight of the first airbag is equal to the weight of the anchor.

[0029] In a second aspect, the present invention further provides a method for using a vortex-type hydrophone that is easy to recover and deploy. Based on the above-mentioned vortex-type hydrophone that is easy to recover and deploy, the method comprises the following steps:

[0030] When the encapsulated hydrophone body is placed in water, sound waves are incident along the thickness direction of the core ceramic element. The underwater sound pressure induces bending deformation of the vortex-shaped beam. Due to the characteristics of bending deformation, a strain gradient is generated along the thickness direction of the beam. The strain gradient, through the flexoelectric effect, can generate polarization charges on the surface of the core ceramic element that can reflect the sound pressure or the magnitude of the sound pressure gradient.

[0031] When the hydrophone body is recovered, the connecting tube is used to actively float the hydrophone body. A second airbag is provided on the outside of the connecting tube, and a reactor assembly is provided inside. The air guide ends of the reactor assembly are respectively connected to the second airbags. When the hydrophone body fails, the reaction inside the reactor assembly causes the second airbag to be inflated, thereby increasing the buoyancy of the hydrophone body and enabling the hydrophone to float autonomously.

[0032] When the hydrophone body is deployed, the reeling end of the reeling mechanism is passed through the anchor connected to the bottom of the connecting tube, and the anchor is embedded in the mud and sand in the water to increase friction, thereby fixing the hydrophone body.

[0033] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial technical effects:

[0034] The present invention provides a vortex-type hydrophone that is easy to retrieve and deploy. The hydrophone body is connected by two hemispherical, transparent rubber shells that snap together to ensure the hydrophone body's sealing and waterproofing while also providing excellent protection and support for the core ceramic components. The transparency of the rubber shells allows for clear visibility of the core ceramic components and electrodes within, facilitating inspection and maintenance. The core ceramic components, key components of the hydrophone, are coated with electrodes that effectively convert sound waves into electrical signals. The inner surfaces of the two rubber shells are coated with electromagnetic shielding material, effectively preventing external electromagnetic interference from affecting the hydrophone's performance. The combination of the core ceramic components, rubber shells, and electromagnetic shielding material gives the hydrophone excellent sound reception and anti-interference performance. The connecting tube in the recovery and deployment assembly not only connects the hydrophone body to the recovery and deployment assembly but also houses a reactor assembly and a reeling mechanism. When the hydrophone needs to be retrieved, the reactor assembly generates gas that fills a second airbag, increasing the hydrophone's buoyancy and enabling it to rise to the surface autonomously. When the hydrophone needs to be deployed, the reeling mechanism releases the anchor, using its weight and ability to embed itself in the sand to secure the hydrophone. This design makes the hydrophone's retrieval and deployment process simple and quick, significantly improving work efficiency.

[0035] Furthermore, fasteners securely clamp the core ceramic element between the two rubber housings, effectively preventing loosening or displacement caused by water impact or changes in the underwater environment, thereby ensuring the long-term stability of the hydrophone's performance. The through-hole structure formed by the fasteners and the rubber housing provides a direct and efficient transmission path for sound waves, reducing loss and interference during transmission and improving the hydrophone's sensitivity and accuracy.

[0036] Furthermore, the cylindrical sheet-like structure of the core ceramic element enables the element to deform more effectively under the action of sound waves, thereby converting it into a more significant electrical signal output, which is beneficial to improving the sensitivity and frequency response range of the hydrophone. The multiple spiral grooves opened on the surface of the core ceramic element not only increase the surface area of ​​the core ceramic element, but also form structural curved beams. These curved beams can disperse stress when subjected to external forces, improving the fatigue resistance and durability of the element. The porous structure enhances the mechanical strength of the core ceramic element and also helps to improve its acoustic performance. By adjusting the pore size and pore spacing, the propagation path of the sound wave inside the element can be optimized.

[0037] Furthermore, the internal space of the connecting tube is rationally divided by three sets of connecting plates, so that the reactor assembly and the winding mechanism can be placed in independent areas, avoiding interference and conflict between them and improving the stability and reliability of the overall system. The reactor assembly is placed in the first and second areas, which may be relatively more closed and stable, helping to reduce the interference of the external environment on the reactor assembly and improve its working efficiency and stability. The winding mechanism is placed in the third and fourth areas, which may be closer to the bottom of the connecting tube, facilitating connection with external equipment such as anchors, while also reducing the potential impact of the winding mechanism on the reactor assembly during operation.

[0038] Furthermore, a pneumatic cylinder drives a striker to rapidly puncture the diaphragm, allowing the acetic acid in the upper rectangular chamber to rapidly mix with the baking soda in the lower rectangular chamber, triggering a chemical reaction and producing carbon dioxide. This allows for rapid generation of the required amount of gas in a short period of time, providing strong support for the rapid inflation of the second airbag. The reaction chamber utilizes two rectangular chambers that interlock with each other, resulting in a compact design and easy integration into the connecting tube. Furthermore, drive components such as the cylinder and striker are located within the first area, fully utilizing the internal space of the connecting tube and effectively controlling the volume and weight of the entire reactor assembly. The diaphragm effectively divides the two rectangular chambers into two independent compartments, preventing accidental mixing of the baking soda and acetic acid before triggering. Furthermore, the striker is precisely controlled by the pneumatic cylinder, ensuring a controllable and safe reaction process. Air ducts connect the two sides of the lower rectangular chamber, efficiently transferring the generated gas to the second airbag.

[0039] Furthermore, the flange and adhesive sheet enhance the connection strength and stability between the rectangular box structures, preventing deformation or rupture due to external forces or internal pressure fluctuations. The diaphragm embedded in the groove enhances the sealing and connection strength between the boxes, ensuring effective isolation and transmission of gases during the reaction. By embedding the diaphragm in the groove created by the flange of the lower rectangular box and attaching it with the adhesive sheet, the diaphragm is precisely positioned and securely installed.

[0040] Furthermore, two sets of fixing frames are fixed in the fourth area, providing a solid support for the winding roller and ensuring the stability and reliability of the winding process. The two ends of the winding roller are correspondingly arranged on the fixing frames, so that the traction rope can be evenly and tightly wound around the winding roller, avoiding the loosening and falling of the traction rope. The drive transmission mechanism is located in the third area and is connected to the driving end of the winding roller through the fourth area. This layout saves space and ensures the effective transmission of driving force. The design of the drive transmission mechanism allows the rotation of the winding roller to be achieved through external control, thereby facilitating the winding and releasing of the traction rope. The traction rope wound on the winding roller is connected to the anchor, providing a strong traction force for the recovery and deployment of the hydrophone.

[0041] Furthermore, the motor serves as the power source, efficiently transmitting power to the second pulley via a drive belt, which in turn drives the winding roller. This transmission method not only simplifies the structure but also minimizes energy loss, ensuring efficient operation of the winding mechanism. The drive belt is positioned between the third and fourth areas, and the first and second pulleys cooperate to transfer power between these areas. This layout saves space while ensuring efficient transmission of driving force, while also providing flexibility to accommodate various installation conditions and space constraints.

[0042] Furthermore, the weight of the first airbag is equal to that of the anchor, ensuring the entire system remains vertically balanced during underwater operations. This balanced state helps mitigate system instability or drift caused by excessive buoyancy or gravity. By balancing buoyancy and gravity, the first airbag enhances the stability of the entire system underwater. Whether in static suspension or dynamic movement, the system maintains excellent attitude control, thereby improving operational efficiency and accuracy.

[0043] The present invention also provides a method for using a vortex-shaped hydrophone that is easy to recover and deploy. After the hydrophone body is placed in water, sound waves are incident along the thickness direction of the core ceramic element, which can effectively induce the vortex-shaped beam to produce bending deformation. This design enables the hydrophone to efficiently receive and convert underwater sound wave signals, improving the sensitivity and accuracy of sound wave detection. When the hydrophone body needs to be recovered, active buoyancy adjustment can be achieved by connecting the second airbag outside the tube and the reactor assembly inside. Once the hydrophone body fails, the reactor assembly reacts inside and inflates the second airbag, thereby rapidly increasing the buoyancy of the hydrophone, allowing it to float to the water surface autonomously, facilitating subsequent recovery and processing. This design not only improves the recovery efficiency of the hydrophone, but also reduces the recovery cost. When the hydrophone body is deployed, the winding end of the winding mechanism is used to penetrate the anchor connected to the bottom of the connecting tube. The anchor is embedded in the mud and sand in the water to increase friction, which can effectively fix the hydrophone body. This deployment and fixation method is not only simple and quick, but also can provide a stable and reliable fixation effect, ensuring that the hydrophone maintains a stable posture and position during long-term underwater operations. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0044] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the overall structure of a vortex line hydrophone that is easy to recover and deploy in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 2 A cross-sectional view of the internal structure of a vortex line hydrophone according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the core ceramic component structure in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 4 This is a diagram showing the internal structure of the connecting tube in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 5 This is a diagram showing the internal structure of a reaction box in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 6 for Figure 4 A partial enlarged view of the middle winding mechanism;

[0050] Figure 7 for Figure 5 A magnified view of the sealing part of the middle reaction box;

[0051] In the figure: 100, hydrophone body; 101, core ceramic component; 101a, double-hole core component; 101b, three-hole core component; 101c, four-hole core component; 102, electrode; 103, fastener; 104, rubber shell; 105, electromagnetic shielding material; 200, connecting tube; 200a, connecting plate; 200b, first air bag; 201, reaction box; 201a, diaphragm; 201b, bonding sheet; 201c, air guide tube; 201c-1, second air bag; 202, cylinder; 202a, firing pin; 203, winding roller; 203a, traction rope; 203a-1, anchor; 203b, fixing frame; 203c, first pulley; 204, motor; 204a, second pulley. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0052] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the solutions of the present invention, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0053] The object of the present invention is to provide a vortex line hydrophone and a method that are easy to recover and deploy, so as to solve the technical problems in the prior art of how to improve the sensitivity of the vortex line hydrophone and facilitate the recovery and deployment of the vortex line hydrophone.

[0054] The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0055] See also Figure 1 In one embodiment of the present invention, a vortex line hydrophone that is easy to recover and deploy is provided, comprising a hydrophone body 100 and a recovery and deployment assembly; the hydrophone body 100 comprises two rubber shells 104 and a core ceramic element 101, such as Figure 2As shown; the two rubber shells 104 are both hemispherical transparent structures, and the two rubber shells 104 are relatively buckled and connected; the core ceramic element 101 is arranged in the two rubber shells 104, and the two ends of the core ceramic element 101 are respectively clamped between the two rubber shells 104; the surface of the core ceramic element 101 is coated with an electrode 102; the inner surfaces of the two rubber shells 104 are coated with an electromagnetic shielding material 105; the two rubber shells 104 are filled with castor oil; the recovery and delivery assembly includes a connecting tube 200; the top end of the connecting tube 200 is fixed to the bottom of the rubber shell 104 located below; the outer shell of the connecting tube 200 is provided with a second airbag 201c-1; the connecting tube 200 is provided with a reactor assembly and a winding mechanism; wherein the air guide end of the reactor assembly is respectively connected to the second airbag 201c-1; the winding end of the winding mechanism passes through the bottom of the connecting tube 200 and is connected to the anchor 203a-1.

[0056] In this embodiment, the surface of the core ceramic element 101 is coated with a thickness of 10 -9 -10 -5 The electrode 102 is made of gold, silver or other materials with a conductivity greater than 20×10 6 The metal material is S / m, and the electrode 102 completely covers the surface of the core ceramic component 101 having the spiral groove and is not connected.

[0057] Specifically, two sets of fasteners 103 are provided at the relative snap-fit ​​positions of the two rubber shells 104 , a through-hole structure is formed between the two sets of fasteners 103 , the core ceramic component 101 is located in the through-hole structure, and both ends of the core ceramic component 101 are respectively clamped in the two sets of fasteners 103 .

[0058] In this embodiment, the two sets of fasteners 103 are made of resin plastic. When the core ceramic element 101 is assembled in the fasteners 103, the spiral grooves can be observed through the circular through-holes. The structural curved beam formed between the grooves can be forced to vibrate laterally up and down at the circular through-holes. When the hydrophone body 100 is excited by a plane acoustic wave, an electrical signal is output through the upper and lower electrodes 102 of the core element. The structural curved beam will bend and deform under the excitation of the plane acoustic wave, thereby outputting an electrical signal.

[0059] Specifically, the structure of the core ceramic element 101 is a cylindrical sheet structure, wherein the diameter and thickness ratio of the core ceramic element 101 ranges from 6:1 to 200:1; the absolute thickness of the core ceramic element 101 ranges from 10 μm to 3 mm; the surface of the core ceramic element 101 is provided with a plurality of vortex-shaped grooves, and structural curved beams are formed between the grooves. The surface of the core ceramic element 101 is provided with a porous structure, and the core ceramic element 101 is divided into a double-hole core element 101a, a three-hole core element 101b, and a four-hole core element 101c according to the number of through holes provided on its surface. Figure 3 shown.

[0060] Specifically, according to Figure 4 As shown, three groups of connecting plates 200a are provided in sequence along the vertical direction of the cylinder body in the connecting cylinder 200, and the connecting cylinder 200 is divided into a first area, a second area, a third area and a fourth area from top to bottom by the three groups of connecting plates 200a; the reactor assembly is located in the first area and the second area; the winding mechanism is located in the third area and the fourth area.

[0061] Among them, according to Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the reactor assembly includes a reaction box 201 and a reaction drive assembly; the reaction drive assembly is located in the first area, and the reaction box 201 is located in the second area; the reaction drive assembly includes a cylinder 202, and the driving end of the cylinder 202 is connected to a striker 202a; the striker 202a extends into the reaction box 201 through the second area; the reaction box 201 is filled with baking soda and acetic acid; the reaction box 201 includes two rectangular box structures, which are relatively buckled and arranged, wherein a diaphragm 201a is provided at the buckling position for dividing the two rectangular box bodies into two independent spaces, wherein baking soda is filled in the lower rectangular box body and acetic acid is located in the upper rectangular box body; the striker 202a extends into the upper rectangular box body through the second area; the two sides of the lower rectangular box body are respectively connected with air guide tubes 201c, and the ends of the two groups of air guide tubes 201c respectively pass through the connecting tube 200 and are connected with the second airbag 201c-1.

[0062] Among them, according to Figure 5 and Figure 7 As shown, the two rectangular box structures are connected to each other at the relative fastening parts with flanges, and the flanges are affixed with bonding sheets 201b; the flange of the rectangular box located at the bottom is provided with a groove, and the groove depth is equal to the thickness of the diaphragm 201a, and the diaphragm 201a is embedded in the groove provided by the flange of the rectangular box at the bottom, and the upper and lower sides are affixed with bonding sheets 201b.

[0063] Among them, according to Figure 4 and Figure 6As shown, the winding mechanism includes a winding roller 203, two sets of fixing frames 203b and a driving transmission mechanism; the two sets of fixing frames 203b are fixed in the fourth area, and the two ends of the winding roller 203 are respectively arranged on the two sets of fixing frames 203b. A traction rope 203a is wound around the winding roller 203, and the traction rope 203a passes through the bottom of the connecting tube 200 and is connected to the anchor 203a-1; the driving transmission mechanism is located in the third area, and the output end of the driving transmission mechanism is connected to the driving end of the winding roller 203 through the fourth area.

[0064] Among them, according to Figure 4 and Figure 6 As shown, the drive transmission mechanism includes a motor 204 and a transmission belt; the motor 204 is located in the third area, and the transmission belt is arranged between the third area and the fourth area, wherein the end of the transmission belt located in the third area is provided with a first pulley 203c; the end of the transmission belt located in the fourth area is provided with a second pulley 204a; the driving end of the motor 204 is connected to the first pulley 203c, and the traction rope 203a is connected to the second pulley 204a.

[0065] Among them, according to Figure 1 As shown, the connecting tube 200 is further provided with a first airbag 200b, which is located below the second airbag 201c-1, wherein the weight of the first airbag 200b is equal to the weight of the anchor 203a-1.

[0066] In summary, this embodiment provides a vortex-type hydrophone that is easy to retrieve and deploy. The hydrophone body 100 utilizes two hemispherical, transparent rubber housings 104 that interlock and connect. This not only ensures the hydrophone body 100's sealing and waterproofing, but also provides excellent protection and support for the core ceramic element 101. The transparency of the rubber housings 104 allows for clear visibility of the core ceramic element 101 and electrodes 102 within, facilitating inspection and maintenance. The core ceramic element 101, a key component of the hydrophone, is coated with electrodes 102, which effectively convert sound waves into electrical signals. The inner surfaces of the two rubber housings 104 are coated with electromagnetic shielding material 105, effectively preventing external electromagnetic interference from affecting the hydrophone's performance. The combination of the core ceramic element 101, the rubber housings 104, and the electromagnetic shielding material 105 provides the hydrophone with excellent sound reception and anti-interference performance. The connecting tube 200 in the recovery and deployment assembly not only connects the hydrophone body 100 and the recovery and deployment assembly but also houses a reactor assembly and a reeling mechanism. When the hydrophone needs to be retrieved, the reactor assembly generates gas that fills the second airbag 201c-1, increasing the hydrophone's buoyancy and enabling it to rise to the surface. When the hydrophone needs to be deployed, the reeling mechanism releases the anchor 203a-1, leveraging its weight and ability to embed itself in the sand to secure the hydrophone. This design simplifies and expedited the hydrophone's retrieval and deployment, significantly improving efficiency.

[0067] Example 2

[0068] This embodiment 2 provides a method for using a vortex-type hydrophone that is easy to recover and deploy. Based on the above-mentioned vortex-type hydrophone that is easy to recover and deploy, the method includes the following steps:

[0069] When the packaged hydrophone body 100 is placed in water, sound waves are incident along the thickness direction of the core ceramic element 101. The underwater sound pressure induces bending deformation of the vortex-shaped beam. Due to the characteristics of bending deformation, a strain gradient is generated along the thickness direction of the beam. The strain gradient, through the flexoelectric effect, can generate polarization charges on the surface of the core ceramic element 101 that can reflect the sound pressure or the magnitude of the sound pressure gradient.

[0070] When the hydrophone body 100 is recovered, the connecting tube 200 is used to actively float the hydrophone body 100. The connecting tube 200 is provided with a second airbag 201c-1 on the outside and a reactor assembly on the inside. The gas guide ends of the reactor assembly are respectively connected to the second airbags 201c-1. When the hydrophone body 100 fails, the reaction inside the reactor assembly causes the second airbag 201c-1 to be inflated, thereby increasing the buoyancy of the hydrophone body 100 and enabling the hydrophone to float autonomously.

[0071] When the hydrophone body 100 is deployed, the reeling end of the reeling mechanism is passed through the anchor 203a-1 connected to the bottom of the connecting tube 200, and the anchor 203a-1 is embedded in the mud and sand in the water to increase friction, thereby fixing the hydrophone body 100.

[0072] In this embodiment, the curve equation of the vortex groove centerline satisfies the following equation: r = a + bθ, where r represents the distance from a point on the vortex line to the origin, θ represents the angle between the point and the positive x-axis, and a and b are constants representing the starting radius and pitch of the vortex line, respectively. The multiple vortex grooves do not intersect each other, and all grooves are evenly distributed in an array along the circumference of the sheet.

[0073] In this embodiment, the core ceramic component 101 is made of hard ceramic powder materials such as barium strontium titanate, barium titanate, and strontium titanate with a high flexoelectric coefficient. The overall shape of the component is a cylindrical sheet material. The core ceramic component 101 is divided into a double-hole core component 101a, a three-hole core component 101b, and a four-hole core component 101c according to the number of through holes opened on its surface.

[0074] In this embodiment, the rubber housing 104 is constructed of a sound-transmitting polyurethane material, and the inner surface of the rubber housing 104 is coated with an electromagnetic shielding material 105. The electromagnetic shielding material 105 is a conductive copper paint mixed with a nickel-iron alloy. The interior of the rubber housing 104 is filled with castor oil, so that the rubber housing 104 has an acoustic impedance characteristic that matches that of water. The sound pressure intensity loss after the sound wave is transmitted is less than 10%. The outer surface is smooth and can completely transmit plane sound waves transmitted from all directions to the core ceramic element 101 without distortion of the sound waves. At the same time, the hydrophone body 104 is complete. When in use, it needs to be used in conjunction with an external circuit. The external circuit includes but is not limited to a charge amplifier circuit, a filter circuit, a follower circuit, a subtraction circuit, etc.

[0075] In this embodiment, when the packaged hydrophone body 100 is placed in water, sound waves are incident along the thickness direction of the core ceramic element 101. The underwater sound pressure induces bending deformation of the vortex-shaped beam, that is, deflection along the thickness direction. Due to the characteristic of bending deformation, the beam generates a strain gradient along the thickness direction. The strain gradient, through the flexoelectric effect, generates polarization charges on the surface of the core element that can reflect the sound pressure or the magnitude of the sound pressure gradient.

[0076] In order to recover the vortex line hydrophone in this embodiment, the scheme adopts an active floating method, so that the vortex line hydrophone can increase its own buoyancy after a fault occurs, so that the vortex line hydrophone can quickly float to the horizontal surface, and then the maintenance personnel can repair the vortex line hydrophone after salvaging. Specifically, it includes a connecting tube 200 assembled at the bottom of the hydrophone body 100, and the connecting tube 200 is used to load other components set for the active floating of the vortex line hydrophone. At the same time, since the hydrophone body 100 has a certain weight, in order to make the device itself suspendable, the connecting tube 200 is made of a buoyant material, and the buoyancy of the connecting tube 200 is equal to the weight of the hydrophone body 100. Further, in order to realize the active floating of the vortex line hydrophone when a fault occurs, it is necessary to increase the buoyancy of the vortex line hydrophone. Therefore, baking soda and acetic acid are used to form a structure. After the reaction is completed, a large amount of carbon dioxide will be generated. A reaction box 201 is assembled in the connecting tube 200, and baking soda and acetic acid are filled in the reaction box 201 respectively. A diaphragm 201a is provided in the reaction box 201, and the baking soda and acetic acid are separated by the diaphragm 201a. An air guide tube 201c is integrally connected to the side of the reaction box 201, and a second air bag 201c-1 is fixedly sleeved on the outside of the connecting tube 200, and the end of the air guide tube 201c passes through the connecting tube 200 and is connected to the second air bag 201c-1. When a fault occurs, the diaphragm 201a is punctured by other structures, so that the acetic acid and baking soda are mixed to generate a large amount of carbon dioxide. A large amount of carbon dioxide enters the second air bag 201c-1 through the air guide tube 201c, so that the originally deflated second air bag 201c-1 is filled with gas, thereby increasing the buoyancy of the hydrophone body 100, so that the hydrophone can float independently.

[0077] In order to facilitate the filling of baking soda and acetic acid, the reaction box 201 is set to consist of two identical rectangular box bodies. At the same time, in order to facilitate the connection and sealing of the two rectangular box bodies, a flange is integrally connected at the edge of the rectangular box body, and a bonding sheet 201b is attached to the flange. The flange of the rectangular box body located at the bottom is provided with a groove, and the groove depth is equal to the thickness of the diaphragm 201a. When the diaphragm 201a is attached to the lower box body, the upper box body is attached to the surface of the diaphragm 201a, so that the diaphragm 201a divides the reaction box 201 into two independent spaces. When setting up, first fill the baking soda in the lower box body, and at the same time, attach the diaphragm 201a to the surface of the lower box body for temporary sealing, and then pour acetic acid into the upper box body. At the same time, the lower box body together with the diaphragm 201a is turned upside down in the upper box body, and the upper box body and the lower box body are sealed by bolts through the flange to form a reaction box 201. At the same time, the diaphragm 201a is used to separate acetic acid and baking soda. The baking soda is filled in the lower box body and sealed by the diaphragm 201a. The acetic acid is located in the upper box body and is sealed by the diaphragm 201a. A striker 202a is connected to the seal of the upper box body, and the end of the striker 202a is connected to the cylinder 202. When a fault occurs, the cylinder 202 is started, and the cylinder 202 drives the striker 202a to move downward, and the striker 202a is used to pierce the diaphragm 201a, so that the acetic acid above flows into the baking soda below to produce a large amount of carbon dioxide.

[0078] In order to increase the fixity of the vortex line hydrophone in this application after it is deployed and to facilitate its later search, a corresponding counterweight device is required to be provided on the vortex line hydrophone so that the vortex line hydrophone is fixed to the deployment point by the counterweight. In this embodiment, the characteristic of the anchor 203a-1 that it can be embedded in the mud and sand in the water to increase friction is utilized to fix the vortex line hydrophone. However, when the vortex line hydrophone fails, it needs to float up and it needs to be suspended in the water at different depths to collect data. Therefore, a reeling mechanism is required on the vortex line hydrophone to collect and deploy the anchor 203a-1. Therefore, in this embodiment, a pair of fixing frames 203b are installed near the bottom end of the connecting tube 200. A reeling roller 203 is installed between the fixing frames 203b by means of bearings, and a traction rope 203a is wound around the reeling roller 203. The traction rope 203a passes through the bottom of the connecting cylinder 200 and is connected to the anchor 203a-1. One end of the winding roller 203 extends to the outside of the fixing frame 203b and is sleeved with a first pulley 203c. The first pulley 203c is connected to the second pulley 204a through a belt, and the center of one side of the second pulley 204a is connected to the motor 204. When the motor 204 rotates, the first pulley 203c is driven to rotate by the second pulley 204a using the belt. Since the first pulley 203c and the winding roller 203 are integrally connected, the synchronous winding roller 203 will rotate synchronously in the same direction. When the winding roller 203 rotates synchronously in the same direction, the traction rope 203a on it can be wound and released, thereby controlling the retraction and release of the anchor 203a-1 at the end of the traction rope 203a. In order to ensure stability, the winding roller 203 is installed in the connecting cylinder 200 using the fixing frame 203b.

[0079] In order to ensure that all components can be fixedly installed in the connecting tube 200 without causing vibration that affects the operation of the equipment, multiple connecting plates 200a are provided in the connecting tube 200, and the cylinder 202, reaction box 201 and fixing frame 203b are respectively installed on different connecting plates 200a, wherein the fixing frame 203b is installed on the lower surface of the connecting plate 200a.

[0080] In this embodiment, the second airbag 201c-1 provides additional buoyancy for the hydrophone, but in the initial state, the vortex line hydrophone also needs to have a certain buoyancy so that the vortex line hydrophone can float in the water without sinking to the bottom. Therefore, the first airbag 200b is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the connecting tube 200 and located below the second airbag 201c-1, and the buoyancy of the first airbag 200b is equal to the weight of the anchor 203a-1.

[0081] The application in this embodiment has a size-dependent flexoelectric effect, which reduces the size of the hydrophone core ceramic element 101 while increasing the flexoelectric polarization charge per unit surface area when receiving underwater plane sound waves, thereby effectively improving the sensitivity level of the miniaturized hydrophone, thereby meeting the high sensitivity and miniaturization requirements of the hydrophone.

[0082] In this embodiment, multiple vortex line slots are introduced into the structural design of the hydrophone ceramic core component. By introducing multiple slots in the circular thin plate, a beam structure with an arc can be formed between any two slots. When excited by underwater sound waves, each beam will produce a large degree of bending deformation, which exceeds the deformation that can be produced by traditional beam structures (such as cantilever beams). This bending deformation can increase the surface polarization charge through the flexoelectric effect and reduce the resonant frequency of the structure, so that the hydrophone has a lower operating frequency band. Therefore, the ceramic component using the vortex line slot structure can reduce the operating frequency of the hydrophone while improving the sensitivity of the hydrophone.

[0083] The vortex line hydrophone uses a multi-beam structure formed by processing multiple vortex line grooves to measure the sound pressure or sound pressure gradient along a specific direction. Through the simultaneous bending and deformation of multiple beam structures, the output end electrical signal is more stable, thereby improving the hydrophone's precise positioning accuracy of the sound signal. Although it has a multi-beam structure, it maintains a compact assembly size, is convenient for direct application, and can realize the detection of high-precision underwater acoustic signals.

[0084] This embodiment adopts an active floating method, so that the hydrophone can increase its own buoyancy after a fault occurs, so that the hydrophone can quickly float to the horizontal surface, and then maintenance personnel can repair the hydrophone after salvaging. Compared with the traditional method of releasing ropes, this method is not controlled by the release depth, thereby expanding the application range of the hydrophone.

[0085] In this embodiment, the method for increasing the buoyancy of the water hydrogen itself is to provide a reaction box 201 in the connecting tube 200 below the hydrophone. The reaction box 201 stores baking soda and acetic acid respectively through a diaphragm 201a. At the same time, a striker 202a is connected to the reaction box 201 by a cylinder 202. When the hydrophone fails, the cylinder 202 pushes the striker 202a to pierce the diaphragm 201a, so that the baking soda and acetic acid mix and produce a large amount of carbon dioxide. The carbon dioxide enters the second airbag 201c-1 through the air guide tube 201c, so that the second airbag 201c-1 is filled with gas, thereby causing the water hydrogen to float upward rapidly under the dual buoyancy of the first airbag 200b and the second airbag 201c-1.

[0086] In this embodiment, a traction rope 203a is wound on the winding roller 203, and the traction rope 203a is connected to the anchor 203a-1. When the hydrophone reaches the predetermined deployment position, the winding roller 203 releases the traction rope 203a so that the anchor 203a-1 contacts the seabed. The hydrophone will drift to a certain extent under the action of wind and waves, so that the traction rope 203a is used to pull the anchor 203a-1 to tilt, and the anchor 203a-1 is embedded in the seabed to fix the hydrophone. Compared with traditional hydrophone counterweights, the use of the anchor 203a-1 in this embodiment can greatly reduce the hydrophone from deviating from the predetermined position due to the action of wind and waves, thereby losing direction when searching for the hydrophone. In this application, the feature of the anchor 203a-1 that can hook into the seabed mud is used to increase friction, making it easier to search the hydrophone within a certain range.

[0087] In summary, the present embodiment provides a method for using a vortex-shaped hydrophone that is easy to recover and deploy. After the hydrophone body 100 is placed in water, sound waves are incident along the thickness direction of the core ceramic element 101, which can effectively induce the vortex-shaped beam to produce bending deformation. This design enables the hydrophone to efficiently receive and convert underwater sound wave signals, thereby improving the sensitivity and accuracy of sound wave detection. When the hydrophone body 100 needs to be recovered, active buoyancy adjustment can be achieved by connecting the second airbag 201c-1 on the outside of the tube 200 and the reactor assembly inside. Once the hydrophone body 100 fails, the reactor assembly reacts internally and inflates the second airbag 201c-1, thereby rapidly increasing the buoyancy of the hydrophone, allowing it to float to the water surface autonomously, facilitating subsequent recovery and processing. This design not only improves the recovery efficiency of the hydrophone, but also reduces the recovery cost. When deploying the hydrophone body 100, the reeling end of the reeling mechanism is inserted through the anchor 203a-1 connected to the bottom of the connecting tube 200. The anchor 203a-1 embeds itself in the water's mud and sand, increasing friction, effectively securing the hydrophone body 100. This deployment and securing method is not only simple and quick, but also provides a stable and reliable fixation effect, ensuring that the hydrophone maintains a stable posture and position during prolonged underwater operations.

[0088] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, ordinary technicians in the field should understand that the specific implementation methods of the present invention can still be modified or replaced by equivalents. Any modification or equivalent replacement that does not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be covered by the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A vortex line hydrophone that is easy to recover and deploy, characterized in that: It includes a hydrophone body (100) and a recovery and delivery component; The hydrophone body (100) includes two rubber shells (104) and a core ceramic element (101); The two rubber shells (104) are both hemispherical and transparent, and the two rubber shells (104) are relatively buckled and connected; the core ceramic element (101) is arranged in the two rubber shells (104), and the two ends of the core ceramic element (101) are respectively clamped between the two rubber shells (104); the surface of the core ceramic element (101) is coated with an electrode (102); the inner surfaces of the two rubber shells (104) are coated with an electromagnetic shielding material (105); and the two rubber shells (104) are filled with castor oil; The recovery and delivery assembly comprises a connecting tube (200); the top end of the connecting tube (200) is fixed to the bottom end of the rubber housing (104) located below; the exterior of the connecting tube (200) is provided with a second airbag (201c-1); A reactor assembly and a reeling mechanism are provided in the connecting tube (200); the air guide ends of the reactor assembly are respectively connected to the second airbags (201c-1); the reeling end of the reeling mechanism passes through the bottom of the connecting tube (200) and is connected to an anchor (203a-1; The core ceramic element (101) has a cylindrical sheet structure, wherein the ratio of the diameter to the thickness of the core ceramic element (101) is in the range of 6:1-200:1; the absolute thickness of the core ceramic element (101) is in the range of 10 μm-3 mm; a plurality of vortex-shaped grooves are provided on the surface of the core ceramic element (101), and structural curved beams are formed between the grooves; and a porous structure is provided on the surface of the core ceramic element (101); The reactor assembly comprises a reaction box (201) and a reaction drive assembly; The reaction drive component is located in the first area, and the reaction box (201) is located in the second area; The reaction drive assembly comprises a cylinder (202), a driving end of the cylinder (202) being connected to a striker (202a); the striker (202a) extends into the reaction box (201) through the second area; The reaction box (201) is filled with baking soda and acetic acid; the reaction box (201) comprises two rectangular box structures, which are arranged to be buckled relative to each other, wherein a diaphragm (201a) is provided at the buckling position for dividing the two rectangular box bodies into two independent spaces, wherein baking soda is filled in the lower rectangular box body, and acetic acid is located in the upper rectangular box body; The striker (202a) extends into the upper rectangular box through the second area; Air guide tubes (201c) are respectively provided on both sides of the lower rectangular box body, and the ends of the two groups of air guide tubes (201c) respectively pass through the connecting tube (200) and are in communication with the second air bag (201c-1).

2. A vortex line hydrophone that is easy to recover and deploy according to claim 1, characterized in that: Two sets of fasteners (103) are provided at the relative buckling positions of the two rubber shells (104), a through-hole structure is formed between the two sets of fasteners (103), the core ceramic element (101) is located in the through-hole structure, and the two ends of the core ceramic element (101) are respectively clamped in the two sets of fasteners (103).

3. The vortex line hydrophone that is easy to recover and deploy according to claim 1, characterized in that: Three groups of connecting plates (200a) are sequentially arranged in the connecting cylinder (200) along the vertical direction of the cylinder body, and the connecting cylinder (200) is divided from top to bottom into a first area, a second area, a third area and a fourth area by the three groups of connecting plates (200a); the reactor assembly is located in the first area and the second area; and the winding mechanism is located in the third area and the fourth area.

4. The vortex line hydrophone that is easy to recover and deploy according to claim 1, characterized in that: The two rectangular box structures are respectively connected with flanges at the relative buckling positions, and a bonding sheet (201b) is bonded to the flanges; wherein the flange of the rectangular box located at the bottom is provided with a groove, and the groove depth is equal to the thickness of the diaphragm (201a); the diaphragm (201a) is embedded in the groove provided by the flange of the rectangular box at the bottom, and the upper and lower sides are bonded by the bonding sheet (201b).

5. The vortex line hydrophone that is easy to recover and deploy according to claim 3, characterized in that: The winding mechanism comprises a winding roller (203), two sets of fixing frames (203b), and a driving transmission mechanism; Two groups of fixing frames (203b) are fixedly arranged in the fourth area, and the two ends of the winding roller (203) are respectively arranged on the two groups of fixing frames (203b), a traction rope (203a) is wound around the winding roller (203), and the traction rope (203a) passes through the bottom of the connecting cylinder (200) and is connected to the anchor (203a-1); the driving transmission mechanism is located in the third area, and the output end of the driving transmission mechanism is connected to the driving end of the winding roller (203) through the fourth area.

6. The vortex line hydrophone that is easy to recover and deploy according to claim 5, characterized in that: The drive transmission mechanism includes a motor (204) and a transmission belt; The motor (204) is located in the third area, and the transmission belt is arranged between the third area and the fourth area, wherein the end of the transmission belt located in the third area is provided with a first pulley (203c); and the end of the transmission belt located in the fourth area is provided with a second pulley (204a); The driving end of the motor (204) is connected to the first pulley (203c), and the traction rope (203a) is connected to the second pulley (204a).

7. The vortex line hydrophone that is easy to recover and deploy according to claim 6, characterized in that: The connecting tube (200) is further provided with a first airbag (200b), the first airbag (200b) being located below the second airbag (201c-1), wherein the weight of the first airbag (200b) is equal to the weight of the anchor (203a-1).

8. A method for using a vortex-type hydrophone that is easy to recover and deploy, based on the vortex-type hydrophone that is easy to recover and deploy according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The steps include: When the encapsulated hydrophone body (100) is placed in water, sound waves are incident along the thickness direction of the core ceramic element (101), and the underwater sound pressure induces the vortex-shaped beam to generate bending deformation. According to the characteristics of the bending deformation, a strain gradient is generated along the thickness direction of the beam. The strain gradient can generate polarization charges on the surface of the core ceramic element (101) that can map the sound pressure or the size of the sound pressure gradient through the flexoelectric effect; When the hydrophone body (100) is recovered, the hydrophone body (100) is actively floated via the connecting tube (200), wherein the connecting tube (200) is provided with a second air bag (201c-1) on the outside and a reactor assembly on the inside, wherein the air guide ends of the reactor assembly are respectively communicated with the second air bags (201c-1); when the hydrophone body (100) fails, a reaction occurs inside the reactor assembly to inflate the second air bag (201c-1), thereby increasing the buoyancy of the hydrophone body (100) and enabling the hydrophone to float autonomously; When the hydrophone body (100) is deployed, the hydrophone body (100) is fixed by passing the reeling end of the reeling mechanism through the anchor (203a-1) connected to the bottom of the connecting tube (200), utilizing the characteristic of the anchor (203a-1) that it can be embedded in the mud and sand in the water to increase friction.

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