A method and device for accurately positioning and surveying hidden active faults

Abstract

A method and device for accurately locating and surveying hidden active faults. First, through regional geological analysis and geomorphological judgment, potential hidden active faults and geomorphological features are identified using geological data and remote sensing images. Then, shallow exploration trenches are laid in the preliminary judgment area, and the activity and shallow location of hidden active faults are determined by combining chronological analysis and shallow seismic reflection method. Then, magnetotelluric sounding, microseismic monitoring and seismic wave CT imaging are used to detect deep hidden active faults. After that, a three-dimensional geological model is established by integrating multi-source data to intuitively display the information of hidden active faults. Finally, the activity of hidden active faults is evaluated based on the model, the impact of the project is analyzed, and optimization suggestions such as structural reinforcement and avoidance schemes are proposed. The problem that the traditional geological exploration technology is prone to splashing rocks, threatening personnel safety, increasing the difficulty of collection and affecting the exploration accuracy when locating hidden active faults, especially shallow exploration trenches, is solved due to the excavation equipment and sampling methods.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of geological exploration, and in particular relates to a method and a device for accurately positioning and surveying a concealed active fault. Background Art

[0002] Traditional geological exploration technology has great limitations in locating hidden active faults. In shallow trench positioning exploration, instruments are used to determine the location of the trench, and excavators and other equipment are used to dig after marking. The excavation depth is within three meters according to the required requirements. Different hidden active faults may exist within three meters, and different hidden active faults may contain different substances. During the excavation of the staff, if rocks appear in the hidden active fault, it is necessary to collect samples from its surface, which is the so-called groove sampling, so as to determine the activity and geological distribution structure of the hidden active fault.

[0003] The current method is to draw a length and width that meets the requirements on the surface of the rock sample, use a handheld cutting machine, cut along the direction of the drawn line, and control the cutting depth to three centimeters. After cutting, due to the shallow cutting depth and small cutting range, try to ensure that the collected rock is a whole. Do not use a high-power electric hammer, but choose to use a chisel to manually knock open and collect the sample rocks within the cutting range. When using the chisel, the staff hits the chisel to impact the rock. Originally, under the action of the cutter, some of the rock blocks are in a loose and broken state under the cutting action, and the loose and broken rock blocks will splash around under the impact force of the chisel. On the one hand, the splashing rock blocks will cause danger to the staff, and on the other hand, the splashing rock blocks will increase the difficulty for subsequent staff to collect the rock blocks, thereby affecting the subsequent geological exploration and accuracy determination. Summary of the invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method and device for accurately positioning and surveying hidden active faults. Compared with traditional geological exploration technology, the present invention has the problem that when locating hidden active faults, especially shallow surface trench positioning and exploration, the excavation equipment and sampling methods are prone to cause rock splashing, threatening personnel safety, increasing collection difficulty and affecting exploration accuracy.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0006] A method and device for accurately positioning and surveying a hidden active fault, comprising the following steps:

[0007] S1. Conduct regional geological analysis and geomorphological assessment: Identify potential hidden active faults by collecting and analyzing regional geological data of the project area, and preliminarily determine the distribution location of hidden active faults;

[0008] Utilize remote sensing images and topographic data to conduct detailed geomorphological analysis of the project area and identify the geomorphological features of hidden active faults, including linear depressions, steep slopes and surface cracks.

[0009] S2. Use the positioning survey point arrangement device to conduct shallow trench positioning exploration and obtain shallow trench data: In the area of ​​the initially determined hidden active fault, shallow trenches are arranged to expose the shallow geological hidden active fault zone through excavation, obtain material samples from the hidden active fault surface, and combine chronological analysis and the sliding marks of the hidden active fault to determine the activity and latest activity time of the hidden active fault. In combination with the shallow seismic reflection method, the extension direction and depth of the shallow part of the hidden active fault are further confirmed to ensure accurate positioning of the shallow part of the hidden active fault;

[0010] S3. Conduct deep hidden active fault detection to obtain deep detection data; methods for deep hidden active fault detection include magnetotelluric sounding, microseismic monitoring and seismic wave CT imaging;

[0011] S4. Data fusion and 3D modeling: By integrating shallow trench data, deep exploration data and historical earthquake activity data, a 3D geological model of hidden active faults is established through multi-source data fusion methods. The 3D geological model is used to intuitively display the spatial distribution, activity characteristics and relationship of hidden active faults with surrounding geological structures.

[0012] S5. Conduct hidden active fault activity assessment and project impact analysis: Through the constructed three-dimensional hidden active fault model, conduct a comprehensive assessment of the activity of the hidden active fault and analyze its activity during the service life of the project;

[0013] Based on the hidden active fault model and activity assessment results, an engineering impact analysis is conducted, and engineering design optimization suggestions for hidden active faults are proposed. The engineering design optimization suggestions include structural reinforcement and avoidance solutions.

[0014] Preferably, in S3, the magnetotelluric sounding method: in areas with thicker cover layers, the magnetotelluric sounding method is used to detect the deep structure of the hidden active fault, obtain the electrical difference data of the hidden active fault in the deep layer, and clarify the deep distribution and activity of the hidden active fault through electrical comparison;

[0015] The microseismic monitoring method described above: deploy a microseismic monitoring network to monitor the microseismic activity of the hidden active fault zone, analyze the frequency and source mechanism of the microseismic activity, and further understand the activity characteristics of the hidden active fault;

[0016] The seismic wave CT imaging method uses the propagation characteristics of seismic waves to image the deep part of the hidden active fault, generate a three-dimensional structural model of the hidden active fault, and determine the depth and direction of the hidden active fault.

[0017] A positioning survey point arrangement device for a method for accurately positioning and surveying a concealed active fault, the device is used to complete the arrangement of a shallow exploration trench in step S2, and the device includes a drill body and a pressing protection component;

[0018] A baffle is fitted in the middle of the drill body, a hollow tube is slidably connected to the middle of the baffle, arc-shaped bent plates are connected to the bottoms of both ends of the baffle, and a frustum is provided in the middle of the hollow tube; the top of the arc-shaped bent plate is fixed to the bottoms of both ends of the baffle; the baffle is a rectangular structure, and the hollow tube is an anisotropic structure.

[0019] The pressing protection component includes a hollow pressing groove connected to the bottom end of the hollow tube; the pressing protection component also includes a connecting frame, which is connected to the side of the arc-shaped bent plate.

[0020] Preferably, the baffle is connected to a semicircular plate and a reinforcing plate, the side of the baffle is connected to an arc-shaped buckle, the inner surface of the baffle is connected to an inner support block, a plurality of slots are arranged around the baffle, and the arc-shaped buckle is used to clamp in the middle of the drill body.

[0021] Preferably, an arc groove is provided in the middle of the semicircular plate, and the inner wall of the semicircular plate fits with the middle of the drill body.

[0022] Preferably, the bottom of the drill body is conical, and the arc-shaped buckle is made of elastic material.

[0023] Preferably, a pressing plate is connected to the top of the truncated cone, a weakened portion 2 is provided in the middle of the pressing plate, the upper end of the pressing plate is fixed to the bottom of the inner support block, the lower end of the pressing plate is fixed to the top of the truncated cone, and the weakened portion 2 is provided in the middle of the pressing plate.

[0024] Preferably, the sides of the hollow pressing groove are provided with snap-in grooves, the bottom of the hollow pressing groove is connected to a wavy bottom plate, the bottom of the hollow pressing groove is connected to a curved end head, the end of the curved end head is connected to a contact plate, the top of the hollow pressing groove is connected to a hollow tube, and the height of the hollow pressing groove is higher than the arc-shaped curved plate.

[0025] Preferably, the curved end is curved, and the portion where the curved end is connected to the hollow pressing groove is the lowest end of the curved end.

[0026] Preferably, the connecting frame includes a bending frame, a reinforcing flat frame, a weakened portion 1 and a pressure plate, the end of the bending frame is connected to the reinforcing flat frame, the middle of the bending frame is provided with a weakened portion 1, the bottom of the middle end of the connecting frame is connected to the pressure plate, the end of the connecting frame is connected to the inner side of the arc-shaped bent plate, the size of the weakened portion 1 is adapted to the size of the card-connecting groove, the pressure plate fits on the top of the contact plate, the connecting frame will be deformed and squeezed as the arc-shaped bent plate is bent, and the deformation will be transmitted to the bending frame first after the connecting frame is squeezed.

[0027] The present invention can achieve the following beneficial effects:

[0028] 1. The present invention provides a pressing protection component. When the staff carves grooves for sampling, the pressing protection component can press and fit the rock block on one side of the drill. When the drill is struck, the cut rock block will not splash around after being impacted, but will be blocked at the initial position by the pressing protection component. At the same time, the impact force brought by the drill can still separate the rock block from the main rock. On the one hand, the rock block is prevented from splashing. On the other hand, the rock block remains in place after being separated, which is convenient for collection and improves the progress of subsequent geological exploration.

[0029] 2. By setting up a press protection component and cooperating with the striking of the drill, when the staff is carving grooves for sampling, not only the bottom of the drill is against the cut rock, but the press protection component can press and fit the rock on one side of the drill. In this state, when the drill is struck, the cut rock will not splash around after being impacted, but will be blocked in the original position by the press protection component. At the same time, the impact force brought by the drill can still separate the rock from the main rock, thereby preventing the rock from splashing on the one hand, and keeping the rock in place after separation, which is convenient for collection and improves the progress and accuracy of subsequent geological exploration.

[0030] 3. By setting the bending frame, the weakened portion 1 and the pressure plate, the connecting frame forms a coordinated effect with the bending frame and the pressure plate at the same time, so that the structures of the three can cooperate with each other during operation, ensuring the working effect while also ensuring the firmness and stability of the coordination between the structures.

[0031] 4. By setting the snap-in groove, the wave bottom plate, the curved end and the contact plate, when the wave bottom plate is lifted upward by force, the middle part of the hollow pressure groove is hollow and squeezed to both sides. At this time, with the curved end, the contact plate can be convex downward, so as to fit on the surface of the rock block, reducing the effect of the rock block splashing under the impact force of the drill. The design of the wave bottom plate can ensure that when the rock block is fitted, the fixing effect will not be enhanced due to the tight fitting, and the rock block cannot be knocked out of the rock body, which reduces the work efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments:

[0033] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the positioning survey point arrangement device of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional three-dimensional structure of the positioning survey point arrangement device of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the coordination structure of the baffle plate, hollow tube and arc-shaped bent plate of the positioning survey point arrangement device of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the matching structure of the arc-shaped bent plate, hollow pressure groove and round table of the positioning survey point arrangement device of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 5 for Figure 4 Enlarged view of point A in the middle;

[0038] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the matching structure of the arc-shaped bent plate and the hollowed-out pressing groove of the positioning survey point arrangement device of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the matching structure of the hollow pressing groove and the clamping groove of the positioning survey point arrangement device of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the coordination structure of the connecting frame and the bending frame of the positioning and surveying point arrangement device of the present invention.

[0041] In the figure: 1. drill body; 2. blocking plate; 201. semicircular plate; 202. reinforcing plate; 203. arc buckle; 204. inner support block; 3. hollow tube; 4. arc bent plate; 5. hollow pressing groove; 501. snap-fit ​​groove; 502. wavy bottom plate; 503. curved end; 504. abutting plate; 6. connecting frame; 601. bending frame; 602. reinforcing flat frame; 603. weakened part one; 604. abutting plate; 7. round table; 701. pressing sheet; 702. weakened part two. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] A method for accurately locating and surveying a hidden active fault, comprising the following steps:

[0043] Step 1: Regional geological analysis and geomorphological assessment: By collecting and analyzing regional geological data of the project area, identify the existence of potential hidden active faults, and preliminarily determine the distribution of hidden active faults. Use high-resolution remote sensing images and topographic and geomorphological data to conduct detailed geomorphological assessment of the region and identify geomorphological features of hidden active faults, such as linear depressions, steep slopes, and surface cracks.

[0044] Step 2: shallow trenching and positioning exploration: in the initially identified hidden active fault area, shallow trenching is laid out to expose the geological shallow hidden active fault zone through artificial excavation, obtain material samples from the hidden active fault surface, and combine chronological analysis and hidden active fault slip marks to determine the activity and latest activity time of the hidden active fault. In combination with shallow seismic reflection method, the extension direction and depth of the shallow part of the hidden active fault are further confirmed to ensure accurate positioning of the shallow part of the hidden active fault;

[0045] Step 3: Detection of deep hidden active faults:

[0046] Magnetotelluric sounding (MT): In areas with thick overburden, MT is used to detect the deep structure of hidden active faults, obtain electrical difference data of hidden active faults in the deep layer, and clarify the deep distribution and activity of hidden active faults through electrical comparison;

[0047] Microseismic monitoring: Deploy a microseismic monitoring network to monitor the microseismic activity of hidden active fault zones over a long period of time, analyze the frequency and source mechanism of microseismic activity, and further understand the activity characteristics of hidden active faults;

[0048] Seismic wave CT imaging technology: using the propagation characteristics of seismic waves to image the deep part of hidden active faults, generate a three-dimensional structural model of hidden active faults, and accurately locate the depth and direction of hidden active faults;

[0049] Step 4: Data fusion and 3D modeling: By integrating shallow trench data, deep exploration data and historical earthquake activity data, a 3D geological model of the hidden active fault is established through multi-source data fusion technology. This model can intuitively display the spatial distribution, activity characteristics and relationship of the hidden active fault with the surrounding geological structure.

[0050] Step 5. Assessment of hidden active fault activity and engineering impact analysis: Through the constructed three-dimensional hidden active fault model, the activity of the hidden active fault is comprehensively assessed, and its activity during the service life of the project is analyzed. Based on the hidden active fault model and the activity assessment results, an engineering impact analysis is conducted, and engineering design optimization suggestions for hidden active faults are proposed, such as structural reinforcement and avoidance schemes.

[0051] A positioning survey point arrangement device for a concealed active fault accurate positioning survey method, such as Figures 1 to 8As shown, it includes a drill body 1, a baffle plate 2 is attached to the middle of the drill body 1, a hollow tube 3 is slidably connected to the middle of the baffle plate 2, arc-shaped bent plates 4 are fixedly connected to the bottoms of both ends of the baffle plate 2, and a frustum 7 is provided in the middle of the hollow tube 3; a pressing protection component, the pressing protection component is used to prevent the splashing of rock blocks, the pressing protection component is connected to the hollow tube 3 and the arc-shaped bent plate 4, the pressing protection component includes a hollow pressing groove 5 fixedly connected to the bottom end of the hollow tube 3, the pressing protection component also includes a connecting frame 6, the top of the arc-shaped bent plate 4 is fixed to the bottom of both ends of the baffle plate 2, and the bottom of the arc-shaped bent plate 4 will press from top to bottom after contacting the rock body. The arc-shaped curved plate 4 is bent inwards and cooperates with the weakened groove in the middle of the arc-shaped curved plate 4. At this time, the downward position of the middle of the arc-shaped curved plate 4 also bends inwards. The connecting frame 6 is fixedly connected to the side of the arc-shaped curved plate 4. The inward bending of the arc-shaped curved plate 4 will cause the connecting frame 6 to move. When the displacement occurs, the hollow pressure groove 5 will also be against the rock surface and push the hollow pressure groove 5 upward when the downward pressure is continued. At this time, the hollow tube 3 is limited by the pressing sheet 701 during the rising process to form an interactive force. Since the middle part of the hollow pressure groove 5 is designed to be hollow, it will be squeezed to both sides when it is compressed, so as to better cover the middle rock block and improve the overall protection of the rock block.

[0052] like Figures 2 to 4As shown, a semicircular plate 201 and a reinforcing plate 202 are fixedly connected to the upper portion of the baffle plate 2, an arc-shaped buckle 203 is fixedly connected to the side of the baffle plate 2, and an inner support block 204 is fixedly connected to the inner surface of the baffle plate 2 to ensure the structural stability of the baffle plate 2. A plurality of slots are arranged around the baffle plate 2, which is convenient for lightweighting and can also be used to observe whether the bottom end of the drill is in a position where it needs to be struck. A semicircular plate 201 is fixed to the side of the baffle plate 2, and an arc-shaped groove is provided in the middle of the semicircular plate 201, which is also convenient for observing the striking position, and the inner diameter of the semicircular plate 201 is the fitting part with the middle part of the drill body 1, the end of the arc-shaped buckle 203 is fixed to the side of the baffle plate 2, and the middle part of the drill body 1 is clamped on the inner wall of the arc-shaped buckle 203, and the inner diameter of the arc-shaped buckle 203 in the initial state is smaller than the diameter of the drill body 1. In the initial state, The drill body 1 is separated from the inside of the arc buckle 203. When it needs to be installed, two methods can be used. One is to pass the bottom of the drill body 1 through the middle of the arc buckle 203 from top to bottom. Since the shape of the drill is pointed at the bottom and thick at the top, when the drill body 1 is continuously moved downward, when it is at the boundary between the tip and the thick, the arc buckle 203 begins to limit the movement of the drill body 1. In order to prevent the arc buckle 203 from being vibrated and falling off when the drill is struck, the drill body 1 can continue to be displaced downward. Since the arc buckle 203 is made of plastic material and has a certain deformation ability, it can be completely fitted in the middle of the drill body 1. The other method is to directly force the drill body 1 from the open end of the arc buckle 203. Since the open end of the arc buckle 203 is bent outward, it is easy to insert the drill body 1 into the inner wall of the arc buckle 203.

[0053] like Figure 5 As shown, a pressing plate 701 is connected to the top of the truncated cone 7, a weakened portion 702 is arranged in the middle of the pressing plate 701, the upper end of the pressing plate 701 is fixed to the bottom of the inner support block 204, the lower end of the pressing plate 701 is fixed to the top of the truncated cone 7, and the weakened portion 702 is arranged in the middle of the pressing plate 701. In the initial state, since there are components at the bottom of the hollow tube 3, it has a certain weight and is in a drooping state. At this time, the pressing plate 701 is in a straight form. When the drill body 1 is lifted or lowered, the pressing plate 701 will cooperate with the weakened portion 702 to bend and stretch, so as to limit the drill body 1 to a certain extent, avoid the drill body 1 from falling off the blocking plate 2, and improve the practicability of the device.

[0054] like Figure 7As shown, the side of the hollow pressing groove 5 is provided with a snap-in groove 501, the bottom of the hollow pressing groove 5 is fixedly connected with a wave bottom plate 502, the bottom of the side of the hollow pressing groove 5 is fixedly connected with a curved end 503, the end of the curved end 503 is fixedly connected with a contact plate 504, the top of the hollow pressing groove 5 is fixedly connected with a hollow tube 3, the height of the hollow pressing groove 5 is lower than the arc curved plate 4, that is, the wave bottom plate 502 at the bottom of the hollow pressing groove 5 will first contact the rock surface, and the wave bottom plate 502 is designed to be wavy, and when it contacts with rocks, gaps of varying degrees will be generated. In order to facilitate the striking with a chisel, the wavy bottom plate 502 is not completely tightly fitted, which is conducive to the rock blocks falling off the rock as a whole, and has a splash-proof effect, avoiding the scattering of rock blocks, and improving the efficiency of subsequent collection of rock blocks. The curved end 503 is designed to be curved, and the part where the curved end 503 is connected to the hollow pressure groove 5 is the lowest end of the curved end 503. In this shape, when the hollow pressure groove 5 is deformed and squeezed to both sides, the lower end of the curved end 503 will bend downward, and the high end will be squeezed toward the contact plate 504 under the bending force, so that the contact plate 504 is deformed by force.

[0055] like Figure 8 As shown, the press protection component also includes a connecting frame 6, and the connecting frame 6 includes a bending frame 601. The end of the bending frame 601 is fixedly connected with a reinforcing flat frame 602. The middle part of the bending frame 601 is provided with a weakened portion 603. The bottom of the middle end of the connecting frame 6 is fixedly connected with a pressing plate 604. The end of the connecting frame 6 is fixedly connected to the inner side of the arc-shaped curved plate 4. The size of the weakened portion 603 is adapted to the size of the clamping groove 501. The pressing plate 604 can fit on the top of the contact plate 504. The connecting frame 6 will be deformed and squeezed as the arc-shaped curved plate 4 is bent. After the connecting frame 6 is squeezed, it will first be transmitted to the bending frame 601. The bending frame 601 is designed to be arc-shaped. When the arc-shaped curved plate 4 is squeezed inwardly, the deformation trajectory of the arc-shaped curved plate 4 is inclined, and the connecting frame 6 The frame 6 tilts along the movement trajectory of the arc-shaped bent plate 4, but the arc shape of the bent frame 601 can prevent the bent frame 601 fixedly connected to the end of the reinforcing flat frame 602 from being displaced at an oblique angle, so that the reinforcing flat frame 602, the weakened portion 603, and the pressing plate 604 can deform normally, and the weakened portion 603 is just clamped on the inner wall of the clamping groove 501 when the hollow pressing groove 5 is lifted upward, and when the hollow pressing groove 5 continues to rise, the weakened portion 603 is squeezed. Since the connection between the weakened portion 603 and the pressing plate 604 is fixedly connected and has a certain curvature, the squeezing of the weakened portion 603 will cause the pressing plate 604 to bulge outward, that is, downward, so that the pressing plate 604 can fit as closely as possible to the surface of the rock, thereby preventing the splashing of rock blocks after being hit.

[0056] The working principle of the technical solution provided by the invention is as follows:

[0057] After cutting the rock sample in the marked area, it is necessary to take out the sample rock block with a depth of about three centimeters and use a chisel to knock it. Before knocking, you can choose to insert the chisel body 1 into the inner wall of the arc buckle 203 according to your personal habits. The open end of the arc buckle 203 is bent outward to facilitate the insertion of the chisel body 1. The arc buckle 203 is made of plastic and has a certain deformation ability. Alternatively, the chisel body 1 is passed through the arc buckle 203 from top to bottom. Since the bottom of the chisel is a pointed tip and the middle is a cylinder, when the chisel body 1 moves downward, During the sliding process, there will be some obstacles when the arc buckle 203 fits with the boundary of the tip and the cylinder. At this time, if you continue to slide downward, the inner diameter of the arc buckle 203 will be stretched out due to being smaller than the diameter of the drill body 1, so as to better fit with the outer wall of the drill body 1. The specific fixed position of the arc buckle 203 on the drill body 1 depends on the comfort and convenience of the staff during operation, but it is not easy to place the arc buckle 203 in the upper middle part of the drill body 1. In this state, the bottom end of the drill is more exposed, which is no different from the drill in the initial state.

[0058] After the position is fixed, the drill body 1 is held in the middle and upper part, and the bottom tip of the drill body 1 is aimed at the rock block to be struck. When the bottom tip of the drill body 1 gradually approaches the rock block, since the hollow pressure groove 5 is located at the lowermost end, when the bottom tip of the drill body 1 does not touch the rock block, the wavy bottom plate 502 will preferentially contact and abut against the surface of the rock block. At this time, the wavy bottom plate 502 will be squeezed by the mutual force, thereby causing the hollow pressure groove 5 to deform to both sides. When the two sides of the hollow pressure groove 5 are deformed outward, the clamping groove 501 will also be deformed outward.

[0059] Soon after the clamping groove 501 is deformed, the bottom end of the arc-shaped bent plate 4 contacts the surface of the rock block, and in the process of pressing the drill bit down, the arc-shaped bent plate 4 is caused to collide with the rock block and deform inward. The deformation of the arc-shaped bent plate 4 will cause the connecting frame 6 on the inner side of the arc-shaped bent plate 4 to also be displaced. Since the arc-shaped bent plate 4 is an arc, the deformation changes with the bending shape, so the connecting frame 6 will also be displaced in an oblique direction. The arc shape of the bending frame 601 changes the movement trajectory in the oblique direction, and when it is transmitted to the reinforcing flat frame 602, it is in the positive direction, so it will not cause a large deformation of the reinforcing flat frame 602. After the bending frame 601 is compressed, on the one hand, the extrusion force is transmitted to the reinforcing flat frame 602, and on the other hand, the extrusion force is transmitted to the weakened portion 603. Under the extrusion of the weakened portion 603, the weakened portion 603 as a whole will deform inward.

[0060] Since the weakened portion 1 603 is close to the clamping groove 501 in the initial state, when the curved end 503 is squeezed outward, it will contact the outer surface of the weakened portion 1 603. Further squeezing will clamp the weakened portion 1 603 into the inner wall of the clamping groove 501. At this time, the curved end 503 is still deformed and moved outward under the squeezing of the wave bottom plate 502, so that the weakened portion 1 603 continues to be squeezed inward. Since the connection between the weakened portion 1 603 and the pressing plate 604 is curved, it is easy to cause deformation and displacement. When the deformation force of the weakened portion 603 is greater than the supporting force at the connection between the weakened portion 603 and the pressure plate 604, the pressure plate 604 is affected by the squeezing of the weakened portion 603 and thus deforms. This deformation is achieved by the inward squeezing of the weakened portion 603, in conjunction with the deformation at the connection between the weakened portion 603 and the pressure plate 604, and in conjunction with the squeezing force transmitted by the bending frame 601 and the connecting frame 6 to the weakened portion 603 as a whole, thereby causing the pressure plate 604 to deform downward and fit onto the surface of the rock block.

[0061] At this time, the extrusion pressure of the hollow pressure groove 5 will cause the hollow tube 3 to gradually rise. When the hollow tube 3 rises, the round table 7 fixed in the middle of the drill body 1 squeezes the pressing plate 701, causing the pressing plate 701 to deform. With the cooperation of the weakened portion 2 702, the deformation effect is more obvious. At this time, under the interaction force between the pressing plate 701 and the hollow pressure groove 5, the bottom tip of the drill is against the position of the rock block and is relatively stable, and cooperates with the arc-shaped bent plate 4 to press against the surface of the rock block, thereby improving the overall stability of the drill.

[0062] Finally, start using the striking tool to strike the chisel. When striking, the rock will splash under the impact of the tip of the bottom of the chisel. The wavy bottom plate 502, the abutting flat plate 504, the arc-shaped bent plate 4 and the blocking plate 2 can prevent the rock from splashing. At the same time, slots are provided on the blocking plate 2 and the arc-shaped bent plate 4 semicircular plate 201 to facilitate observation of whether the tip of the bottom of the chisel can be in the correct position. After the striking is completed, remove the chisel, take it out of the arc-shaped buckle 203, take out the sample bag specially used to collect rocks, collect the knocked-down rock samples and send them to the laboratory for processing and testing.

[0063] The above embodiments are only preferred technical solutions of the present invention and should not be regarded as limiting the present invention. The protection scope of the present invention shall be the technical solutions recorded in the claims, including equivalent replacement solutions of the technical features in the technical solutions recorded in the claims. That is, equivalent replacement improvements within this scope are also within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for accurately locating and surveying hidden active faults, characterized in that The following steps are involved: S1. Conduct regional geological analysis and geomorphological assessment: Identify potential hidden active faults by collecting and analyzing regional geological data of the project area, and preliminarily determine the distribution location of hidden active faults; Using remote sensing images and topographic data, the project area is analyzed and judged to identify the geomorphic features of hidden active faults, which include linear depressions, steep slopes and surface cracks. S2. Use the positioning survey point arrangement device to conduct shallow trench positioning exploration and obtain shallow trench data: In the area of ​​the initially determined hidden active fault, shallow trenches are arranged to expose the shallow geological hidden active fault zone through excavation, obtain material samples from the hidden active fault surface, and combine chronological analysis and the sliding marks of the hidden active fault to determine the activity and latest activity time of the hidden active fault. In combination with the shallow seismic reflection method, the extension direction and depth of the shallow part of the hidden active fault are further confirmed to ensure accurate positioning of the shallow part of the hidden active fault; S3. Conduct deep hidden active fault detection to obtain deep detection data; S4. Data fusion and 3D modeling: Integrate shallow trench data, deep exploration data and historical earthquake activity data, and establish a 3D geological model of hidden active faults through multi-source data fusion method; S5. Conduct hidden active fault activity assessment and project impact analysis: Through the constructed three-dimensional hidden active fault model, conduct a comprehensive assessment of the activity of the hidden active fault and analyze its activity during the service life of the project; Based on the hidden active fault model and activity assessment results, the project impact analysis is carried out, and engineering design optimization suggestions for hidden active faults are proposed. The engineering design optimization suggestions include structural reinforcement and avoidance schemes. The method for accurately positioning and surveying a concealed active fault adopts a positioning and surveying point arrangement device, which is used to complete the arrangement of the shallow exploration trench in step S2. The device comprises a drill body (1) and a pressing protection component; A baffle plate (2) is attached to the middle of the drill body (1), a hollow tube (3) is slidably connected to the middle of the baffle plate (2), arc-shaped bent plates (4) are connected to the bottoms of both ends of the baffle plate (2), and a round table (7) is provided in the middle of the hollow tube (3); the top of the arc-shaped bent plate (4) is fixed to the bottoms of both ends of the baffle plate (2); The press protection component comprises a hollow press groove (5) connected to the bottom end of the hollow tube (3); the press protection component also comprises a connecting frame (6), and the connecting frame (6) is connected to the side of the arc-shaped bent plate (4).

2. The method for accurately locating and surveying a hidden active fault according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In S3, the method for detecting deep hidden active faults includes magnetotelluric sounding, microseismic monitoring and seismic wave CT imaging; the magnetotelluric sounding method: in areas with thicker cover layers, the magnetotelluric sounding method is used to detect the deep structure of the hidden active faults, obtain the electrical difference data of the hidden active faults in the deep layers, and clarify the deep distribution and activity of the hidden active faults through electrical comparison; The microseismic monitoring method described above: deploy a microseismic monitoring network to monitor the microseismic activity of the hidden active fault zone, analyze the frequency and source mechanism of the microseismic activity, and further understand the activity characteristics of the hidden active fault; The seismic wave CT imaging method uses the propagation characteristics of seismic waves to image the deep part of the hidden active fault, generate a three-dimensional structural model of the hidden active fault, and determine the depth and direction of the hidden active fault.

3. The method for accurately locating and surveying a hidden active fault according to claim 2 is characterized in that: A semicircular plate (201) and a reinforcing plate (202) are provided on the baffle plate (2); an arc-shaped buckle (203) is connected to the side of the baffle plate (2); an inner surface of the baffle plate (2) is connected to an inner support block (204); a plurality of slots are provided around the baffle plate (2); and the arc-shaped buckle (203) is used to be clamped in the middle of the drill body (1).

4. The method for accurately locating and surveying a hidden active fault according to claim 3 is characterized by: An arc groove is provided in the middle of the semicircular plate (201), and the inner wall of the semicircular plate (201) fits the middle of the drill body (1).

5. The method for accurately locating and surveying a hidden active fault according to claim 3 is characterized by: The bottom of the drill body (1) is conical, and the arc-shaped buckle (203) is made of elastic material.

6. The method for accurately locating and surveying a hidden active fault according to claim 3 is characterized by: The top of the truncated table (7) is connected to a pressing sheet (701), a weakened portion 2 (702) is provided in the middle of the pressing sheet (701), the upper end of the pressing sheet (701) is fixed to the bottom of the inner support block (204), and the lower end of the pressing sheet (701) is fixed to the top of the truncated table (7).

7. The method for accurately locating and surveying a hidden active fault according to claim 3 is characterized by: The hollow pressing groove (5) is provided with a snap-fitting groove (501) on the opposite side thereof; the bottom of the hollow pressing groove (5) is connected to a wave bottom plate (502); the bottom of the hollow pressing groove (5) is connected to a curved end head (503); the end of the curved end head (503) is connected to a contact plate (504); the top of the hollow pressing groove (5) is connected to a hollow tube (3); and the height of the hollow pressing groove (5) is lower than the arc-shaped curved plate (4).

8. The method for accurately locating and surveying a hidden active fault according to claim 7, characterized in that: The curved end (503) is curved, and the portion where the curved end (503) is connected to the hollow pressing groove (5) is the lowest end of the curved end (503).

9. The method for accurately locating and surveying a hidden active fault according to claim 7, characterized in that: The connecting frame (6) comprises a bending frame (601), a reinforcing flat frame (602), a weakened portion (603) and a pressing plate (604); the end of the bending frame (601) is connected to the reinforcing flat frame (602); the middle of the bending frame (601) is provided with a weakened portion (603); the bottom of the middle end of the connecting frame (6) is connected to the pressing plate (604); the end of the connecting frame (6) is connected to the inner side of the arc-shaped curved plate (4); the size of the weakened portion (603) is adapted to the size of the clamping groove (501); the pressing plate (604) is fitted on the top of the contact plate (504); the connecting frame (6) will deform and squeeze as the arc-shaped curved plate (4) is bent; after the connecting frame (6) is squeezed, the pressure will be first transferred to the bending frame (601).

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