Device and method for monitoring degradation of cultivated land

Abstract

The invention discloses a device and a method for monitoring degradation of cultivated land. The device comprises a field domain, a mobile domain and a central domain, the method comprises the following steps: acquiring a vegetation coverage index T; acquiring a soil fertility index M; acquiring a land environment index S; calculating a degraded cultivated land monitoring index TH; and evaluating the farmland degradation condition. The farmland degradation monitoring three-level nodes including the central domain, the mobile node domain and the field domain are constructed, farmland monitoring data are collected and stored in multiple directions, and the long-term performance and the real-time performance of monitoring data acquisition are improved; a cultivated land degradation condition monitoring model is built by utilizing collected and stored cultivated land monitoring data, a vegetation coverage index, a soil fertility index and a land environment index of cultivated land are calculated, a final cultivated land degradation index is formed on the basis, and latest condition evaluation of degraded cultivated land is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural scientific research, and in particular to a device and method for monitoring cultivated land degradation. Background Art

[0002] At present, degraded farmland monitoring refers to the use of remote sensing, geographic information systems, soil surveys and other means to dynamically observe and evaluate the distribution, type, degree, cause, and impact of degraded farmland.

[0003] However, due to the lack of a unified definition and standard for degraded farmland, the methods and indicators used for monitoring vary greatly, the monitoring indicators are not comprehensive, and the data are difficult to integrate and compare, resulting in insufficient fusion and analysis capabilities of multi-source monitoring data. It is impossible to comprehensively collect various indicators of farmland from multiple dimensions such as "sky, air, and ground", and thus it is impossible to accurately reveal the mechanisms and factors of farmland degradation.

[0004] In addition, due to the limitation of power consumption of monitoring equipment, monitoring cannot be carried out continuously in remote and secluded areas where infrastructure construction such as electricity lags behind. Moreover, since most existing sensors have built-in Internet connection modules, their prices are relatively high, the cost of land monitoring is expensive, and the stability of sensors is poor. Due to funding constraints, large-scale promotion is impossible, which limits the amount of data obtained and the continuity of cultivated land monitoring. Therefore, the continuity of monitoring data is limited. Without long-term and continuous data, it is difficult to reflect the temporal and spatial changes and dynamic evolution of cultivated land. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a device and method for monitoring farmland degradation. The present invention has the advantages of being able to comprehensively and long-term monitor and obtain farmland data and conduct evaluation based on the data.

[0006] The technical solution of the present invention is: a device for monitoring cultivated land degradation, comprising a field domain, a mobile domain and a central domain;

[0007] The field area is a data collection part, which is used to collect various field data in the field; the field area is set at the field site, including a variety of sensors for data collection, corresponding controllers and data transmission modules;

[0008] The mobile domain is a transport part, which is used to move between various field domains for data interaction and information collection, and the mobile domain includes a data collection device provided on a mobile device;

[0009] The central domain is a control part, which is used to process the collected data and issue corresponding instructions as needed. The central domain includes a data processing and calculation module and a network communication module.

[0010] In the aforementioned device for monitoring cultivated land degradation, the field domain can collect data including soil temperature, moisture, runoff, and pH value of the plot, and record the working status of the sensor;

[0011] The mobile domain can use mobile devices to move in the corresponding field domain, connect the field domain, and collect data collected by the field domain; use the multi-spectral equipment carried to collect near-ground remote sensing data including the coverage of field crops and soil organic matter distribution;

[0012] The central domain can communicate and exchange data with the mobile domain in real time, make decisions and issue relevant control instructions, regularly obtain MODIS and FY3D satellite remote sensing data of the local plot, store the collected data, and calculate and predict the relevant conditions of cultivated land degradation in the area based on the data.

[0013] A method for monitoring cultivated land degradation, characterized in that: a degraded cultivated land monitoring index model is used to quantitatively evaluate the cultivated land degradation status; the degraded cultivated land monitoring index model includes a vegetation cover index, a soil fertility index and a land environment index; the degraded cultivated land monitoring index value obtained by the degraded cultivated land monitoring index model is the weighted sum of the vegetation cover index, the soil fertility index and the land environment index.

[0014] The aforementioned method for monitoring cultivated land degradation includes the following steps:

[0015] A. Obtain vegetation cover index T;

[0016] B. Obtain soil fertility index M;

[0017] C. Obtaining land environment index S;

[0018] D. Calculate the degraded farmland monitoring index TH;

[0019] E. Assess the degradation of cultivated land.

[0020] In the above method for monitoring cultivated land degradation, the vegetation coverage index T described in step A is obtained, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0021] A1. Using the MODIS and FY3D satellite remote sensing images of the area regularly obtained by the central domain, the normalized vegetation index of the plot in the field domain is calculated. The formula is:

[0022]

[0023] Among them, NVI i is the normalized vegetation index of the field area numbered i, PR i is the near-infrared reflectance of the field plot numbered i; R i is the red band reflectivity;

[0024] A2. Using the empirically estimated bare soil vegetation constant and total vegetation cover constant of the research plot, calculate the vegetation cover index of the plot where the field is located. The formula is:

[0025]

[0026] Among them, T i NVI is the vegetation coverage index of the field area numbered i. i is the normalized vegetation index of the field area numbered i, σ is the bare soil vegetation constant, Total vegetation cover constants, σ ​​and The value is estimated based on the remote sensing images of the plot over the years;

[0027] A3. Calculate the overall vegetation coverage index of the study area. The formula is:

[0028]

[0029] Where T is the vegetation coverage index of the study area, n is the number of field areas in the study area, and T i is the vegetation coverage index of the field plot numbered i.

[0030] In the above method for monitoring cultivated land degradation, the soil fertility index M described in step B is obtained, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0031] B1. Using the data of the multispectral device obtained by the mobile domain, the soil fertility index of a single field domain is calculated. The formula is:

[0032] M i =X0+X1×A i +X2×B i

[0033] Among them, M i is the soil fertility index of the field plot numbered i, A i is the reflectance of organic carbon in the soil of the field plot numbered i in the near-infrared band; B i is the reflectance of soil organic carbon in the field area numbered i under the red light band; X0, X1, and X2 are regression coefficients;

[0034] B2. Calculate the overall soil fertility index of the study area. The formula is:

[0035]

[0036] Among them, M is the soil fertility index of the study area, n is the number of fields in the study area, and M iis the soil fertility index of the field plot numbered i.

[0037] In the above method for monitoring cultivated land degradation, the land environment index S described in step C is obtained, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0038] C1. Using the sensor data obtained from the field domain, calculate the land environment index of a single field domain. The formula is:

[0039]

[0040] Among them, C i , D i , F i , H i are the temperature, moisture, runoff and soil pH value of the plot obtained in the field area numbered i; C0, D0, F0, H0 are the baseline values ​​of temperature, moisture, runoff and soil pH value of the plot in the field area numbered i; α is the regression coefficient;

[0041] C2. Calculate the overall land environment index of the study area. The formula is:

[0042]

[0043] Among them, S is the land environment index of the study area, n is the number of field areas in the study area, S i It is the land environment index of the plot where the field numbered i is located.

[0044] In the above method for monitoring farmland degradation, the degraded farmland monitoring index TH described in step D is obtained, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0045] Based on the vegetation coverage index T, soil fertility index M and land environment index S, the degraded farmland index of the study area is calculated using the formula:

[0046] TH=γT+βM+δS

[0047] Among them, TH is the degraded farmland monitoring index of the study area, T is the vegetation cover index, M is the soil fertility index, S is the land environment index, and γ, β, and δ are weight coefficients.

[0048] In the aforementioned method for monitoring cultivated land degradation, the evaluation is performed based on the obtained degraded cultivated land monitoring index TH. If the TH value is ≥ the set threshold, the study area can be evaluated as an area with insignificant cultivated land degradation, and it is predicted that the cultivated land condition will improve in the future.

[0049] If the TH value is less than the development threshold, the study area can be evaluated as an area of ​​significant cultivated land degradation, and it is predicted that the cultivated land condition will develop in a worse trend in the future.

[0050] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0051] 1. The device includes field domain, mobile domain and central domain. The cultivated land degradation monitoring data is collected more comprehensively, and the monitoring architecture has greater flexibility. Each domain (field domain, mobile domain, central domain) is independent of each other and uses the cloud for data exchange. The number can be increased, decreased or merged at will without affecting the overall monitoring performance.

[0052] 2. The design of the monitoring index overcomes the problems of the traditional cultivated land monitoring data analysis process being single and scattered, and the analysis target being one-sided. It can measure the cultivated land conditions from multiple aspects such as vegetation, fertility, and environment, quantitatively determine the cultivated land degradation trend, and realize a more standardized, universal, and easily expandable cultivated land degradation monitoring data analysis and processing specification, which is of great significance for providing the accuracy and adaptability of cultivated land degradation monitoring;

[0053] 3. Good economic effect: The traditional cultivated land degradation monitoring scheme is based on the model of "sensor with Internet connection module + remote cloud server", which is expensive in large-scale monitoring scenarios. In this application, field sensors and field domains do not require Internet connection modules, and monitoring only requires traditional sensors. The sensor cost is low and no special supporting software is required. The cost of deploying each plot is much lower than the traditional model, which has good economic effect and can be promoted and applied on a large scale.

[0054] 4. It has good energy-saving performance and is suitable for monitoring farmland degradation in remote and secluded areas, expanding the monitoring scope. Since the field domain and its affiliated sensors at the end of the monitoring do not require frequent remote communications and have less demand for electricity, it is particularly suitable for deployment in remote and secluded areas with imperfect infrastructure, enhancing the data collection capabilities for areas that could not be continuously monitored in the past and expanding the monitoring scope. Since the mobile domain is on a transportation carrier and is constantly moving, the power supply is the responsibility of the transportation carrier, and the central domain is located in a large data center facility, so there is no power supply problem. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0055] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the device of the present invention;

[0056] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the data acquisition device in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0057] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the exemplary plot division in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0058] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of field point layout in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0059] Figure 5It is a schematic diagram of the cultivated land degradation monitoring results of the demonstration plot in the embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0060] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments, but they are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0061] Embodiment. A device for monitoring farmland degradation, such as Figure 1 and 2 As shown, it includes field domain, mobile domain and central domain;

[0062] The field area is a data collection part, which is used to collect various field data in the field; the field area is set at the field site, including a variety of sensors for data collection, corresponding controllers and data transmission modules;

[0063] The mobile domain is a transport part, which is used to move between various field domains for data interaction and information collection, and the mobile domain includes a data collection device provided on a mobile device;

[0064] The central domain is a control part, which is used to process the collected data and issue corresponding instructions as needed. The central domain includes a data processing and calculation module and a network communication module.

[0065] The field domain is the cultivated land environment data collection link of the data acquisition device, which is set up in the fields; the field domain is a regional data collection device, which is used to collect data collected by various sensors in the field, control the working status of the sensors, and preliminarily integrate and screen the monitoring data; the field domain is connected to each sensor in the form of a wired or wireless LAN, mainly collecting soil temperature, moisture, runoff, pH value and other data of the location, and recording the working status of the sensors, controlling the sensor orientation, troubleshooting, etc.

[0066] In the construction of field domains, various types of field equipment can be general sensor devices, which do not necessarily have the function of connecting to the Internet. Each device can be connected to the field domain via wired or wireless (Bluetooth, local area network) means; the field domain itself acts as a data repeater and does not necessarily have to be connected to the Internet. It only needs to have a wireless data transmission module (Bluetooth or local area network) to exchange information with the mobile domain; this setting can greatly reduce the deployment cost and energy consumption of field equipment.

[0067] The mobile domain is the transport part of the data acquisition device, which is usually carried on vehicles and other means of transportation and moves continuously within a certain area; the functions of the mobile domain are:

[0068] 1) Use transportation to move to the vicinity of each field area in the area, connect the field areas, and collect the data gathered by the field areas;

[0069] 2) Deliver the latest instructions to the sensors controlled by the field domain, thereby achieving unified control of various sensors in the area;

[0070] 3) Equipped with multispectral equipment, it can collect near-ground remote sensing data such as field crop coverage and soil organic matter distribution.

[0071] The mobile domain works in a similar way to the Internet of Vehicles, and the devices carried need to be connected to the Internet.

[0072] The field data collected by the mobile domain can be stored in an autocorrelation manner because the data format is relatively uniform, and special fields can be set to identify different field domains.

[0073] Since the mobile domain is on transportation vehicles, the energy supply environment is relatively good, the cost of obtaining energy is relatively low, and safety and stability can be guaranteed.

[0074] Usually, in a region, multiple mobile domains may be set according to the area of ​​the region and the number of field domains (but the number is less than the field domains) to ensure that there are mobile domains in all directions of the region to collect data and avoid data loss.

[0075] The central domain is the control part of the data acquisition device and is located in the logical center of the data acquisition device. The functions of the central domain are:

[0076] 1) It integrates multiple communication protocols such as WIFI, 4G, 5G, IP-MESH, etc., which can realize real-time data interaction between timing and mobile domains;

[0077] 2) Intelligently decide the control information of the field domain and sensors, and transmit the instructions from the mobile domain to the field domain;

[0078] 3) Regularly obtain MODIS and FY3D satellite remote sensing data of the local area;

[0079] 4) Store the collected data in the mobile domain and field domain;

[0080] 5) Equipped with data processing and computing modules, it processes various types of sensor data, multi-channel spectral data, and remote sensing data collected, and calculates various types of cultivated land monitoring indexes according to preset models. It finally measures the cultivated land degradation index value of the region, conducts quantitative assessment of the location, degree, and rate of soil degradation, visualizes monitoring information, and provides corresponding prevention and control recommendations and measures.

[0081] The central domain is usually set up in a large data center room. Generally, one or two central domains can be set up in one area depending on the situation.

[0082] A method for monitoring cultivated land degradation, using a degraded cultivated land monitoring index model to quantitatively evaluate the cultivated land degradation status; the degraded cultivated land monitoring index model includes a vegetation cover index, a soil fertility index and a land environment index; the degraded cultivated land monitoring index value obtained by the degraded cultivated land monitoring index model is the weighted sum of the vegetation cover index, the soil fertility index and the land environment index.

[0083] A method for monitoring cultivated land degradation comprises the following steps:

[0084] A. Obtain vegetation cover index T;

[0085] B. Obtain soil fertility index M;

[0086] C. Obtaining land environment index S;

[0087] D. Calculate the degraded farmland monitoring index TH;

[0088] E. Assess the degradation of cultivated land.

[0089] The vegetation coverage index T described in step A is obtained by the following specific steps:

[0090] A1. Using the MODIS and FY3D satellite remote sensing images of the area regularly obtained by the central domain, the normalized vegetation index of the plot in the field domain is calculated. The formula is:

[0091]

[0092] Among them, NVI i is the normalized vegetation index of the field area numbered i, PR i is the near-infrared reflectance of the field plot numbered i; R i is the red band reflectivity;

[0093] A2. Using the empirically estimated bare soil vegetation constant and total vegetation cover constant of the research plot, calculate the vegetation cover index of the plot where the field is located. The formula is:

[0094]

[0095] Among them, T i NVI is the vegetation coverage index of the field area numbered i. i is the normalized vegetation index of the field area numbered i, σ is the bare soil vegetation constant, Total vegetation cover constants, σ ​​and The value is estimated based on the remote sensing images of the plot over the years;

[0096] A3. Calculate the overall vegetation coverage index of the study area. The formula is:

[0097]

[0098] Where T is the vegetation coverage index of the study area, n is the number of field areas in the study area, and T i is the vegetation coverage index of the field plot numbered i.

[0099] The soil fertility index M described in step B is obtained by the following specific steps:

[0100] B1. Using the data of the multispectral device obtained by the mobile domain, the soil fertility index of a single field domain is calculated. The formula is:

[0101] M i =X0+X1×A i +X2×B i

[0102] Among them, M i is the soil fertility index of the field plot numbered i, A i is the reflectance of organic carbon in the soil of the field plot numbered i in the near-infrared band; B i is the reflectance of soil organic carbon in the field area numbered i in the red light band; X0, X1, and X2 are regression coefficients (determined by experts based on historical measurements of soil composition in the area);

[0103] B2. Calculate the overall soil fertility index of the study area. The formula is:

[0104]

[0105] Among them, M is the soil fertility index of the study area, n is the number of fields in the study area, and M i is the soil fertility index of the field plot numbered i.

[0106] The land environment index S described in step C is obtained by the following specific steps:

[0107] C1. Using the sensor data obtained from the field domain, calculate the land environment index of a single field domain. The formula is:

[0108]

[0109] Among them, C i , D i , F i , H iare the temperature, moisture, runoff and soil pH value of the plot obtained in the field area numbered i; C0, D0, F0, H0 are the baseline values ​​of temperature, moisture, runoff and soil pH value of the plot in the field area numbered i (mean values ​​of soil hydrological data over the years); α is the regression coefficient (determined by experts based on historical measurements of climate and hydrological conditions in the region);

[0110] C2. Calculate the overall land environment index of the study area. The formula is:

[0111]

[0112] Among them, S is the land environment index of the study area, n is the number of field areas in the study area, S i It is the land environment index of the plot where the field numbered i is located.

[0113] The specific steps of obtaining the degraded farmland monitoring index TH described in step D are as follows:

[0114] Based on the vegetation coverage index T, soil fertility index M and land environment index S, the degraded farmland index of the study area is calculated using the formula:

[0115] TH=γT+βM+δS

[0116] Among them, TH is the degraded farmland monitoring index of the study area, T is the vegetation cover index, M is the soil fertility index, S is the land environment index, and γ, β, and δ are weight coefficients.

[0117] Based on the obtained degraded farmland monitoring index TH, the evaluation is carried out. If the TH value is ≥ the set threshold, the study area can be evaluated as an area with insignificant farmland degradation, and the farmland condition is predicted to improve in the future.

[0118] If the TH value is less than the development threshold, the study area can be evaluated as an area of ​​significant cultivated land degradation, and it is predicted that the cultivated land condition will develop in a worse trend in the future.

[0119] Demonstration field verification

[0120] In 2024, the invention was deployed and tested in the harvest branch of Chahayang Farm in Gannan County, Qiqihar City, Heilongjiang Province. The demonstration area covers an area of ​​294 mu and is divided into 8 plots. The plots are distributed as follows: Figure 3 As shown (numbered ①-⑧).

[0121] Each plot has 4-5 field domains, a mobile domain is set for data collection, and the central domain is set at the upper left corner and lower right corner of the plot. There are 36 field domains in total, 8 mobile domains, and 2 central domains. Each field domain has 5 sensor points. The sensor distribution diagram is as follows: Figure 4 shown.

[0122] Based on historical hydrological data and on-site scoring results of the expert group, the degraded farmland monitoring index of each field domain was calculated. The degraded farmland monitoring index of the obtained field domain was interpolated and expanded by the Lagrange interpolation method to obtain a set of degraded farmland monitoring indexes for 30*30m plots in the demonstration area. The degradation status of farmland drawn in this way is shown in Figure 2. Figure 5 .

[0123] The calculated overall cultivated land degradation monitoring index of the study area is 0.33, which is higher than the set threshold of 0.25. Therefore, it can be judged that the cultivated land degradation condition in this area is within an acceptable range.

[0124] After field sampling and verification, the reliability verification value of this application is 0.788, which is between 0.7-0.8, showing good reliability and can meet the actual needs of local degraded farmland monitoring.

Claims

1. A device for monitoring cultivated land degradation, characterized in that: It includes field domain, mobile domain and central domain; the field domain, mobile domain and central domain three-level nodes carry out multi-dimensional monitoring of cultivated land degradation; The field area is a data collection part, which is used to collect various field data in the field; the field area is set at the field site, including a variety of sensors for data collection, corresponding controllers and data transmission modules; The mobile domain is a transport part, which is used to move between various field domains for data interaction and information collection, and the mobile domain includes a data collection device provided on a mobile device; The central domain is a control part, which is used to process the collected data and issue corresponding instructions as needed. The central domain includes a data processing and calculation module and a network communication module.

2. The device for monitoring farmland degradation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The field domain can collect data including soil temperature, moisture, runoff, pH value, etc. of the local plot, and record the working status of the sensor; The mobile domain can use mobile devices to move in the corresponding field domain, connect the field domain, and collect data collected by the field domain; use the multi-spectral equipment carried to collect near-ground remote sensing data including the coverage of field crops and soil organic matter distribution; The central domain can communicate and exchange data with the mobile domain in real time, make decisions and issue relevant control instructions, regularly obtain MODIS and FY3D satellite remote sensing data of the local plot, store the collected data, and calculate and predict the relevant conditions of cultivated land degradation in the area based on the data.

3. A method for monitoring farmland degradation according to a device for monitoring farmland degradation according to any one of claims 1-2, characterized in that: The degradation status of cultivated land is quantitatively evaluated using a degraded cultivated land monitoring index model; the degraded cultivated land monitoring index model includes a vegetation cover index, a soil fertility index and a land environment index; the degraded cultivated land monitoring index value obtained by the degraded cultivated land monitoring index model is the weighted sum of the vegetation cover index, the soil fertility index and the land environment index.

4. The method for monitoring cultivated land degradation according to claim 3, characterized in that: The steps include: A. Obtain vegetation cover index T; B. Obtain soil fertility index M; C. Obtaining land environment index S; D. Calculate the degraded farmland monitoring index TH; E. Assess the degradation of cultivated land.

5. The method for monitoring farmland degradation according to claim 4, characterized in that: The vegetation coverage index T described in step A is obtained by the following specific steps: A1. Using the MODIS and FY3D satellite remote sensing images of the area regularly obtained by the central domain, the normalized vegetation index of the plot in the field domain is calculated. The formula is: Among them, NVI i is the normalized vegetation index of the field area numbered i, PR i is the near-infrared reflectance of the field plot numbered i; R i is the red band reflectivity; A2. Using the empirically estimated bare soil vegetation constant and total vegetation cover constant of the research plot, calculate the vegetation cover index of the plot where the field is located. The formula is: Among them, T i NVI is the vegetation coverage index of the field area numbered i. i is the normalized vegetation index of the field area numbered i, σ is the bare soil vegetation constant, Total vegetation cover constants, σ ​​and The value is estimated based on the remote sensing images of the plot over the years; A3. Calculate the overall vegetation coverage index of the study area. The formula is: Where T is the vegetation coverage index of the study area, n is the number of field areas in the study area, and T i is the vegetation coverage index of the field plot numbered i.

6. The method for monitoring farmland degradation according to claim 4, characterized in that: The soil fertility index M described in step B is obtained by the following specific steps: B1. Using the data of the multispectral device obtained by the mobile domain, the soil fertility index of a single field domain is calculated. The formula is: M i =X0+X1×A i +X2×B i Among them, M i is the soil fertility index of the field plot numbered i, A i is the reflectance of organic carbon in the soil of the field plot numbered i in the near-infrared band; B i is the reflectance of soil organic carbon in the field area numbered i under the red light band; X0, X1, and X2 are regression coefficients; B2. Calculate the overall soil fertility index of the study area. The formula is: Among them, M is the soil fertility index of the study area, n is the number of fields in the study area, and M i is the soil fertility index of the field plot numbered i.

7. The method for monitoring farmland degradation according to claim 4, characterized in that: The land environment index S described in step C is obtained by the following specific steps: C1. Using the sensor data obtained from the field domain, calculate the land environment index of a single field domain. The formula is: Among them, C i , D i , F i , H i are the temperature, moisture, runoff and soil pH value of the plot obtained in the field area numbered i; C0, D0, F0, H0 are the baseline values ​​of temperature, moisture, runoff and soil pH value of the plot in the field area numbered i; α is the regression coefficient; C2. Calculate the overall land environment index of the study area. The formula is: Among them, S is the land environment index of the study area, n is the number of field areas in the study area, S i It is the land environment index of the plot where the field numbered i is located.

8. The method for monitoring farmland degradation according to claim 4, characterized in that: The specific steps of obtaining the degraded farmland monitoring index TH described in step D are as follows: Based on the vegetation coverage index T, soil fertility index M and land environment index S, the degraded farmland index of the study area is calculated using the formula: TH=γT+βM+δS Among them, TH is the degraded farmland monitoring index of the study area, T is the vegetation cover index, M is the soil fertility index, S is the land environment index, and γ, β, and δ are weight coefficients.

9. The method for monitoring farmland degradation according to claim 4, characterized in that: Based on the obtained degraded farmland monitoring index TH, the evaluation is carried out. If the TH value is ≥ the set threshold, the study area can be evaluated as an area with insignificant farmland degradation, and the farmland condition is predicted to improve in the future. If the TH value is less than the development threshold, the study area can be evaluated as an area of ​​significant cultivated land degradation, and it is predicted that the cultivated land condition will develop in a worse trend in the future.

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