Method, apparatus, device, medium and program product for measuring atomic transition frequency

Abstract

The present application provides a method, apparatus, device, medium and program product for measuring the atomic transition frequency, so as to solve the problem of insufficient measurement accuracy of the atomic transition frequency in the related art. The method includes preprocessing the atomic system in the atomic clock to make the atoms in the atomic system in the coherent population trapping state; applying a first pulse to the atomic system within the first time window of the first Ramsey sequence; controlling the amplitude of the first pulse to decrease to the magnetic field strength threshold required for the free evolution of the atomic system within the second time window of the first Ramsey sequence; applying a second pulse to the atomic system within the third time window of the first Ramsey sequence to generate a first Ramsey interference fringe; measuring the atomic transition frequency based on the first Ramsey interference fringe to obtain the target atomic transition frequency. The present application replaces the traditional microwave or radio frequency pulse with an alternating magnetic field pulse, significantly expanding the scanning range and improving the frequency discrimination sensitivity, thereby improving the measurement accuracy.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of atomic clocks, and particularly relates to a method, device, equipment, medium, and program product for measuring the atomic transition frequency. Background Art

[0002] In the implementation of atomic clocks, the scanning range of traditional microwave pulses is limited by the cavity resonance bandwidth (usually ±100 Hz), resulting in insufficient contrast of interference fringes (usually below 60%). Ramsey interference fringes are an important means for accurately measuring the atomic transition frequency. The traditional Ramsey method generally realizes the coherent operation of the atomic system by setting a free evolution time between two traditional microwave or radio frequency pulses. However, the scanning range of this method is small, resulting in low accuracy in measuring the atomic transition frequency based on the generated Ramsey interference fringes. Summary of the Invention

[0003] Embodiments of this application provide a method, device, equipment, medium, and program product for measuring the atomic transition frequency to solve the problem of low accuracy in measuring the atomic transition frequency based on the generated Ramsey interference fringes in related technologies.

[0004] To solve the above technical problems, this application is implemented as follows:

[0005] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide a method for measuring the atomic transition frequency, including:

[0006] Preprocessing the atomic system in the atomic clock so that the atoms in the atomic system are in a coherent population trapping state;

[0007] Applying a first pulse to the atomic system within the first time window of the first Ramsey sequence so that the atoms in the atomic system are in a superposition state within the first time window of the first Ramsey sequence;

[0008] Controlling the amplitude of the first pulse to decrease to a magnetic field strength threshold required for free evolution of the atomic system within the second time window of the first Ramsey sequence so that the atoms in the atomic system are in a free evolution state within the second time window of the first Ramsey sequence;

[0009] Applying a second pulse to the atomic system within the third time window of the first Ramsey sequence to generate a first Ramsey interference fringe;

[0010] Measuring the atomic transition frequency based on the first Ramsey interference fringe to obtain the target atomic transition frequency;

[0011] Wherein, at least one of the first pulse and the second pulse is an alternating magnetic field pulse.

[0012] In a second aspect, an apparatus for measuring an atomic transition frequency provided by an embodiment of the present application includes:

[0013] A first processing module, configured to preprocess an atomic system in an atomic clock so that atoms in the atomic system are in a coherent population trapping state;

[0014] A second processing module, configured to apply a first pulse to the atomic system within a first time window of a first Ramsey sequence so that atoms in the atomic system are in a superposition state within the first time window of the first Ramsey sequence;

[0015] A third processing module, configured to control the amplitude of the first pulse to be reduced to a magnetic field strength threshold required for free evolution of the atomic system within a second time window of the first Ramsey sequence so that atoms in the atomic system are in a free evolution state within the second time window of the first Ramsey sequence;

[0016] A fourth processing module, configured to apply a second pulse to the atomic system within a third time window of the first Ramsey sequence to generate a first Ramsey interference fringe;

[0017] A measurement module, configured to measure an atomic transition frequency based on the first Ramsey interference fringe to obtain a target atomic transition frequency;

[0018] Wherein, at least one of the first pulse and the second pulse is an alternating magnetic field pulse.

[0019] In a third aspect, an electronic device provided by an embodiment of the present application includes: a memory, a processor, and a program stored on the memory and executable on the processor; the processor is configured to read the program in the memory to implement the steps of the method for measuring an atomic transition frequency as described in the first aspect above.

[0020] In a fourth aspect, a computer-readable storage medium provided by an embodiment of the present application has a computer program stored thereon, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the method for measuring an atomic transition frequency as described in the first aspect above are implemented.

[0021] In a fifth aspect, a computer program product provided by an embodiment of the present application includes computer instructions, and when the computer instructions are executed by a processor, the steps of the method for measuring an atomic transition frequency as described in the first aspect above are implemented.

[0022] In the embodiments of the present application, the above method for measuring the atomic transition frequency includes: preprocessing the atomic system in the atomic clock to make the atoms in the atomic system in the coherent population trapping state; applying a first pulse to the atomic system within the first time window of the first Ramsey sequence to make the atoms in the atomic system in the superposition state within the first time window of the first Ramsey sequence; controlling the amplitude of the first pulse to decrease to the magnetic field strength threshold required for the free evolution of the atomic system within the second time window of the first Ramsey sequence to make the atoms in the atomic system in the free evolution state within the second time window of the first Ramsey sequence; applying a second pulse to the atomic system within the third time window of the first Ramsey sequence to generate a first Ramsey interference fringe; measuring the atomic transition frequency based on the first Ramsey interference fringe to obtain the target atomic transition frequency; wherein at least one of the first pulse and the second pulse is an alternating magnetic field pulse. By the above method for measuring the atomic transition frequency, an alternating magnetic field pulse can be used to generate a first Ramsey interference fringe, replacing or partially replacing the traditional microwave or radio frequency pulse, so that the scanning range can be broadened, and a first Ramsey interference fringe with high contrast and high precision can be obtained. Furthermore, by measuring the atomic transition frequency based on the first Ramsey interference fringe, the precision of measuring the atomic transition frequency can be improved. Description of the Drawings

[0023] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings required for the description of the embodiments of the present application will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.

[0024] Figure 1 is a flowchart of a method for measuring the atomic transition frequency provided by the embodiments of the present application;

[0025] Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a device for measuring the atomic transition frequency provided by the embodiments of the present application;

[0026] Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device provided by the embodiments of the present application. Detailed Embodiments

[0027] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present application without creative efforts belong to the scope of protection of the present application.

[0028] In the embodiments of the present application, a method, device, equipment, medium, and program product for measuring the atomic transition frequency are proposed to solve the problem of low accuracy in measuring the atomic transition frequency based on the generated Ramsey interference fringes in the related art.

[0029] See Figure 1 , Figure 1 is a flowchart of a method for measuring the atomic transition frequency provided by the embodiments of the present application. The flowchart includes preprocessing, pulse application, free evolution, and interference fringe generation steps. As Figure 1 shown, the method includes the following steps:

[0030] Step 101: Preprocess the atomic system in the atomic clock so that the atoms in the atomic system are in the coherent population trapping state.

[0031] In this step, the atomic system in the above atomic clock includes atoms of a specific type. The preprocessing of the atomic system in the atomic clock can be to select atoms suitable for generating fine-level transitions, such as rubidium-87 or cesium-133, etc., encapsulate these atoms in a gas chamber or a vacuum chamber, and then preprocess the atoms to ensure that the atoms are in a relatively pure and stable environment.

[0032] The above coherent population trapping state (CPT) is a dark state formed by laser-coupling the ground state energy levels. This state is formed by a linear combination of multiple ground states and excited states, enabling the atoms to maintain a fixed relationship between two low energy levels without jumping to higher excited states.

[0033] Specifically, the steps for preprocessing the atoms can include but are not limited to laser optical pumping, temperature stabilization, and magnetic shielding. It can be understood that laser optical pumping can be to selectively excite the atoms using a laser with a specific wavelength, driving most atoms into the target quantum state, usually achieved by adjusting the laser intensity and frequency; temperature stabilization can be to use laser cooling technology to cool the atoms to near absolute zero, or a temperature control device can be used to maintain a constant temperature in the environment to reduce the influence of thermal motion; magnetic shielding can be to use a high-permeability material or a specially designed magnetic shielding box to shield external magnetic field interference and ensure the stability of the magnetic environment where the atoms are located.

[0034] Step 102: Apply a first pulse to the atomic system within the first time window of the first Ramsey sequence, so that the atoms in the atomic system are in a superposition state within the first time window of the first Ramsey sequence. Exemplarily, the first time window is 10 ms, the second time window is 50 ms, and the third time window is 10 ms.

[0035] In this step, the above-mentioned first Ramsey sequence can be understood as a pulse sequence, which consists of two pulses and a free evolution time in the middle. The above-mentioned first pulse can be a pulse generated by an alternating magnetic field or a microwave pulse.

[0036] Step 103: Control the amplitude of the first pulse to decrease to the magnetic field strength threshold required for the free evolution of the atomic system within the second time window of the first Ramsey sequence, so that the atoms in the atomic system are in a free evolution state within the second time window of the first Ramsey sequence.

[0037] In this step, when the atoms in the above-mentioned atomic system are in a free evolution state, the phase develops with the energy level difference of the atoms, and the atomic system maintains a stable environment in the external magnetic shielding.

[0038] Step 104: Apply a second pulse to the atomic system within the third time window of the first Ramsey sequence to generate a first Ramsey interference fringe.

[0039] In this step, there is a specific phase difference between the above-mentioned second pulse and the above-mentioned first pulse.

[0040] It can be understood that by applying a second pulse to the atomic system to perform a coherent operation of π / 2 or other preset angles, the second interference effect on the atomic state is completed. By applying pulses to prepare the atoms into different quantum states, as the free evolution time changes, the phase difference between these states will cause the formation of interference fringes.

[0041] Step 105: Measure the atomic transition frequency based on the first Ramsey interference fringe to obtain the target atomic transition frequency;

[0042] Wherein, at least one of the first pulse and the second pulse is an alternating magnetic field pulse.

[0043] It can be understood that since the atomic transition frequency directly affects the phase accumulated by the atoms in different states, based on the intensity and position of the first Ramsey interference fringe, the atomic phase information can be extracted, and then the atomic transition frequency can be measured. The above-mentioned target atomic transition frequency can be the atomic transition frequency corresponding to the atoms in the atomic system.

[0044] In this step, when one of the first pulse and the second pulse is an alternating magnetic field pulse, the other can be a microwave pulse. Specifically, a traditional microwave cavity or a radio frequency antenna can be used to generate the microwave pulse. By combining the alternating magnetic field with the traditional microwave cavity or the radio frequency antenna, a hybrid coupling driving strategy is formed. In the measurement of the microwave band with high sensitivity requirements, the alternating magnetic field can be used to provide an auxiliary verification signal.

[0045] In the embodiments of the present application, the method for measuring the atomic transition frequency includes: preprocessing the atomic system in the atomic clock to make the atoms in the atomic system in the coherent population trapping state; applying a first pulse to the atomic system within the first time window of the first Ramsey sequence to make the atoms in the atomic system in the superposition state within the first time window of the first Ramsey sequence; controlling the amplitude of the first pulse to decrease to the magnetic field strength threshold required for the free evolution of the atomic system within the second time window of the first Ramsey sequence to make the atoms in the atomic system in the free evolution state within the second time window of the first Ramsey sequence; applying a second pulse to the atomic system within the third time window of the first Ramsey sequence to generate a first Ramsey interference fringe; measuring the atomic transition frequency based on the first Ramsey interference fringe to obtain the target atomic transition frequency; wherein at least one of the first pulse and the second pulse is an alternating magnetic field pulse. Through the above method for measuring the atomic transition frequency, an alternating magnetic field pulse can be used to generate the first Ramsey interference fringe, replacing or partially replacing the traditional microwave or radio frequency pulse, so that the scanning range can be broadened, and a first Ramsey interference fringe with high contrast and high precision can be obtained. Furthermore, by measuring the atomic transition frequency based on the first Ramsey interference fringe, the accuracy of measuring the atomic transition frequency can be improved.

[0046] It should be noted that when both the first pulse and the second pulse are alternating magnetic field pulses, a microwave cavity or a complex radio frequency system may not be used, reducing the energy consumption and volume of the device. On the basis of retaining the high-precision measurement characteristics of the Ramsey sequence, the complete dependence on the traditional microwave cavity or radio frequency pulse can be reduced, and the flexibility, compactness and precision of the atomic clock system can be improved. This method is applicable to the fields of miniaturized atomic clocks, satellite navigation systems and quantum sensing. Optionally, when the first pulse and the second pulse are alternating magnetic field pulses, before measuring the atomic transition frequency based on the first Ramsey interference fringe to obtain the target atomic transition frequency, the method further includes:

[0047] Apply a first microwave pulse to the atomic system within the first time window of the second Ramsey sequence, so that the atoms in the atomic system are in a superposition state within the first time window of the second Ramsey sequence;

[0048] Within the second time window of the second Ramsey sequence, control the amplitude of the first microwave pulse to decrease to the magnetic field strength threshold required for the free evolution of the atomic system, so that the atoms in the atomic system are in a free evolution state within the second time window of the second Ramsey sequence;

[0049] Apply a second microwave pulse to the atomic system within the third time window of the second Ramsey sequence to generate a second Ramsey interference fringe;

[0050] Measuring the atomic transition frequency based on the first Ramsey interference fringe to obtain the target atomic transition frequency includes:

[0051] Determine the first atomic transition frequency based on the first Ramsey interference fringe, and determine the second atomic transition frequency based on the second Ramsey interference fringe;

[0052] Based on the first atomic transition frequency and the second atomic transition frequency, determine the target atomic transition frequency.

[0053] It can be understood that the time window interval between the above second Ramsey sequence and the first Ramsey sequence is T, where T is an integer multiple of the atomic free evolution time.

[0054] In this embodiment, when the first pulse and the second pulse are alternating magnetic field pulses, the above method for measuring the atomic transition frequency can independently control the relative phase and time sequence of the microwave pulse and the alternating magnetic field pulse, generate the first Ramsey interference fringe and the second Ramsey interference fringe respectively, and obtain the first atomic transition frequency and the second atomic transition frequency respectively, and then determine the target atomic transition frequency, so as to further improve the accuracy of measuring the target atomic transition frequency, realize multi-mode interference signal detection, and improve the anti-interference ability and accuracy of the atomic system in an interference environment.

[0055] Optionally, measuring the atomic transition frequency based on the first Ramsey interference fringe to obtain the target atomic transition frequency includes:

[0056] Obtain the atomic phase information corresponding to the atoms in the atomic system from the first Ramsey interference fringe by using at least one of optical detection, radio frequency resonance detection, and magnetic resonance detection;

[0057] Determine the target atomic transition frequency based on the atomic phase information.

[0058] Specifically, the above optical detection may be to irradiate an atomic population with a laser and extract atomic phase information by the intensity change of absorbed, emitted, or scattered light; the above radio frequency resonance detection may be to use the resonance interaction between a radio frequency signal and an atom and analyze the signal change in the resonance case to obtain atomic phase information; the above magnetic resonance detection may be to apply an alternating magnetic field to drive the change of the spin state in the atom and detect its response to obtain atomic phase information. Based on the atomic phase information, the target atomic transition frequency can be calculated using quantum mechanical formulas.

[0059] In this embodiment, the above method for measuring the atomic transition frequency can obtain an interference pattern with higher contrast by using at least one of optical detection, radio frequency resonance detection, and magnetic resonance detection, and thus can improve the accuracy of measuring the target atomic transition frequency.

[0060] Optionally, when the first pulse is an alternating magnetic field pulse, before applying the first pulse to the atomic system within the first time window of the first Ramsey sequence, the method further includes:

[0061] Controlling the frequency of the alternating magnetic field pulse using a phase-locked loop or a crystal oscillator;

[0062] Controlling the amplitude and phase of the alternating magnetic field pulse using a programmable waveform generator or a digital signal processing circuit;

[0063] When the second pulse is an alternating magnetic field pulse, before applying the second pulse to the atomic system within the third preset time window of the first Ramsey sequence, the method further includes:

[0064] Controlling the frequency of the alternating magnetic field pulse using a phase-locked loop or a crystal oscillator;

[0065] Controlling the amplitude and phase of the alternating magnetic field pulse using a programmable waveform generator or a digital signal processing circuit.

[0066] Specifically, for fine scanning near the resonance frequency of atomic transition, the frequency of the alternating magnetic field pulse can be controlled using a phase-locked loop or a crystal oscillator for frequency stabilization.

[0067] It can be understood that the amplitude, phase, and center frequency of the alternating magnetic field pulse can be compensated and corrected in real time according to factors such as ambient temperature, magnetic field perturbation, and atomic cell drift.

[0068] In this embodiment, the method for measuring the atomic transition frequency controls the frequency of the alternating magnetic field pulse by using a phase-locked loop or a crystal oscillator, and controls the amplitude and phase of the alternating magnetic field pulse by using an Arbitrary Waveform Generator (AWG) or a Digital Signal Processing (DSP) circuit to achieve precise amplitude and phase output. Moreover, by adjusting the frequency, phase, and amplitude of the alternating magnetic field, precise matching of the atomic transition frequency can be achieved, the stability and contrast of the Ramsey sequence can be improved, various coherent operations can be performed on the atomic system, the tunability and contrast of the interference fringes can be enhanced, and thus the accuracy of measuring the target atomic transition frequency can be improved.

[0069] Optionally, the alternating magnetic field pulse is generated by a coil or a micro-nano structured antenna.

[0070] Specifically, the change of the alternating current passing through the coil or the micro-nano structured antenna can cause a corresponding magnetic field change to generate an alternating magnetic field pulse.

[0071] Optionally, after measuring the atomic transition frequency based on the first Ramsey interference fringe to obtain the target atomic transition frequency, the method further includes:

[0072] Performing a fast Fourier transform or a linear fit on the first Ramsey interference fringe to obtain the interference fringe frequency and contrast;

[0073] Generating a feedback signal based on the interference fringe frequency and the contrast;

[0074] Updating the parameters corresponding to the first pulse based on the feedback signal to obtain a first target pulse, and updating the parameters corresponding to the second pulse based on the feedback signal to obtain a second target pulse;

[0075] Updating the target atomic transition frequency based on the first target pulse and the second target pulse.

[0076] Specifically, the above parameters include at least one of amplitude, phase, and frequency. The generating of the feedback signal based on the interference fringe frequency and the contrast may be detecting the maximum contrast response peak or the central transition frequency based on the interference fringe frequency and the contrast, determining the maximum contrast and the central transition frequency, and generating a feedback signal, and the feedback signal can be fed back to the alternating magnetic field modulation unit or the atomic clock control module to achieve automatic locking.

[0077] It should be noted that the optimal Ramsey interference fringe contrast can also be obtained by adjusting the pulse width, amplitude threshold, and frequency sweep step of the alternating magnetic field; repeatedly measuring the frequency stability and noise characteristics of the atomic clock output signal to evaluate the long-term stability of the system; and further optimizing the alternating magnetic field generation unit, magnetic shielding effect, and data processing algorithm according to the test results to continuously improve the time and frequency measurement accuracy.

[0078] In this embodiment, the above method for measuring the atomic transition frequency generates a feedback signal through the interference fringe frequency and the contrast, adjusts the parameters of the first pulse and the second pulse, and updates the target atomic transition frequency, thereby improving the accuracy and stability of the atomic clock.

[0079] See Figure 2 , Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a device for measuring atomic transition frequency provided by an embodiment of the present application. As Figure 2 shown, the device 200 for measuring atomic transition frequency includes:

[0080] A first processing module 201 for preprocessing the atomic system in the atomic clock to make the atoms in the atomic system in the coherent population trapping state;

[0081] A second processing module 202 for applying a first pulse to the atomic system within the first time window of the first Ramsey sequence to make the atoms in the atomic system in the superposition state within the first time window of the first Ramsey sequence;

[0082] A third processing module 203 for controlling the amplitude of the first pulse to decrease to the magnetic field strength threshold required for the free evolution of the atomic system within the second time window of the first Ramsey sequence, so that the atoms in the atomic system are in the free evolution state within the second time window of the first Ramsey sequence;

[0083] A fourth processing module 204 for applying a second pulse to the atomic system within the third time window of the first Ramsey sequence to generate a first Ramsey interference fringe;

[0084] A measurement module 205 for measuring the atomic transition frequency based on the first Ramsey interference fringe to obtain the target atomic transition frequency;

[0085] Wherein, at least one of the first pulse and the second pulse is an alternating magnetic field pulse.

[0086] Optionally, the first pulse and the second pulse are alternating magnetic field pulses, and the device further includes:

[0087] A fifth processing module, configured to apply a first microwave pulse to the atomic system within a first time window of the second Ramsey sequence, so that atoms in the atomic system are in a superposition state within the first time window of the second Ramsey sequence;

[0088] A sixth processing module, configured to control the amplitude of the first microwave pulse to be reduced to a magnetic field strength threshold required for free evolution of the atomic system within a second time window of the second Ramsey sequence, so that atoms in the atomic system are in a free evolution state within the second time window of the second Ramsey sequence;

[0089] A seventh processing module, configured to apply a second microwave pulse to the atomic system within a third time window of the second Ramsey sequence to generate a second Ramsey interference fringe;

[0090] The measurement module includes:

[0091] A first determination unit, configured to determine a first atomic transition frequency based on the first Ramsey interference fringe and determine a second atomic transition frequency based on the second Ramsey interference fringe;

[0092] A second determination unit, configured to determine the target atomic transition frequency based on the first atomic transition frequency and the second atomic transition frequency.

[0093] Optionally, the measurement module includes:

[0094] An acquisition unit, configured to acquire atomic phase information corresponding to atoms in the atomic system from the first Ramsey interference fringe by using at least one of optical detection, radio frequency resonance detection, and magnetic resonance detection;

[0095] A third determination unit, configured to determine the target atomic transition frequency based on the atomic phase information.

[0096] Optionally, when the first pulse is an alternating magnetic field pulse, the apparatus further includes:

[0097] A first control module, configured to control the frequency of the alternating magnetic field pulse by using a phase-locked loop or a crystal oscillator;

[0098] A second control module, configured to control the amplitude and phase of the alternating magnetic field pulse by using a programmable waveform generator or a digital signal processing circuit;

[0099] When the second pulse is an alternating magnetic field pulse, the apparatus further includes:

[0100] A third control module, configured to control the frequency of the alternating magnetic field pulse by using a phase-locked loop or a crystal oscillator;

[0101] A fourth control module, configured to control the amplitude and phase of the alternating magnetic field pulse by using a programmable waveform generator or a digital signal processing circuit.

[0102] Optionally, the alternating magnetic field pulse is generated by a coil or a micro-nano structured antenna.

[0103] Optionally, the apparatus further includes:

[0104] An acquisition module, configured to perform fast Fourier transform or linear fitting based on the first Ramsey interference fringe to obtain an interference fringe frequency and a contrast;

[0105] A generation module, configured to generate a feedback signal based on the interference fringe frequency and the contrast;

[0106] A first update module, configured to update parameters corresponding to the first pulse based on the feedback signal to obtain a first target pulse, and update parameters corresponding to the second pulse based on the feedback signal to obtain a second target pulse;

[0107] A second update module, configured to update the target atomic transition frequency based on the first target pulse and the second target pulse.

[0108] It should be noted that the apparatus for measuring the atomic transition frequency provided in the embodiments of the present application is a device capable of executing the method for measuring the atomic transition frequency. Therefore, all implementation manners in the embodiments of the method for measuring the atomic transition frequency are applicable to this device, and can achieve the same or similar beneficial effects. To avoid repeated description, this embodiment will not be elaborated herein.

[0109] The embodiments of the present application further provide an electronic device. Please refer to Figure 3 , the structural schematic diagram of the electronic device shows the functional connections of a processor, a memory, and program modules. The electronic device may include a processor 301, a memory 302, and a program 3021 stored in the memory 302 and executable on the processor 301.

[0110] When the program 3021 is executed by the processor 301, it can implement Figure 1 any step in the corresponding method embodiment. Specifically, when the program 3021 is executed by the processor 301, the following steps can be implemented:

[0111] Preprocess the atomic system in the atomic clock to make the atoms in the atomic system in a coherent population trapping state;

[0112] Apply a first pulse to the atomic system within the first time window of the first Ramsey sequence, so that the atoms in the atomic system are in a superposition state within the first time window of the first Ramsey sequence;

[0113] Within the second time window of the first Ramsey sequence, control the amplitude of the first pulse to decrease to the magnetic field strength threshold required for the free evolution of the atomic system, so that the atoms in the atomic system are in a free evolution state within the second time window of the first Ramsey sequence;

[0114] Apply a second pulse to the atomic system within the third time window of the first Ramsey sequence to generate a first Ramsey interference fringe;

[0115] Measure the atomic transition frequency based on the first Ramsey interference fringe to obtain the target atomic transition frequency;

[0116] Wherein, at least one of the first pulse and the second pulse is an alternating magnetic field pulse.

[0117] Optionally, the first pulse and the second pulse are alternating magnetic field pulses. Before measuring the atomic transition frequency based on the first Ramsey interference fringe to obtain the target atomic transition frequency, it further includes:

[0118] Apply a first microwave pulse to the atomic system within the first time window of the second Ramsey sequence, so that the atoms in the atomic system are in a superposition state within the first time window of the second Ramsey sequence;

[0119] Within the second time window of the second Ramsey sequence, control the amplitude of the first microwave pulse to decrease to the magnetic field strength threshold required for the free evolution of the atomic system, so that the atoms in the atomic system are in a free evolution state within the second time window of the second Ramsey sequence;

[0120] Apply a second microwave pulse to the atomic system within the third time window of the second Ramsey sequence to generate a second Ramsey interference fringe;

[0121] The measuring the atomic transition frequency based on the first Ramsey interference fringe to obtain the target atomic transition frequency includes:

[0122] Determine a first atomic transition frequency based on the first Ramsey interference fringe, and determine a second atomic transition frequency based on the second Ramsey interference fringe;

[0123] Determine the target atomic transition frequency based on the first atomic transition frequency and the second atomic transition frequency.

[0124] Optionally, the measuring the atomic transition frequency based on the first Ramsey interference fringe to obtain the target atomic transition frequency includes:

[0125] Obtain the atomic phase information corresponding to the atoms in the atomic system from the first Ramsey interference fringe by using at least one of optical detection, radio frequency resonance detection, and magnetic resonance detection;

[0126] Determine the target atomic transition frequency based on the atomic phase information.

[0127] Optionally, when the first pulse is an alternating magnetic field pulse, before applying the first pulse to the atomic system within the first time window of the first Ramsey sequence, the method further includes:

[0128] Control the frequency of the alternating magnetic field pulse by using a phase-locked loop or a crystal oscillator;

[0129] Control the amplitude and phase of the alternating magnetic field pulse by using a programmable waveform generator or a digital signal processing circuit;

[0130] When the second pulse is an alternating magnetic field pulse, before applying the second pulse to the atomic system within the third preset time window of the first Ramsey sequence, the method further includes:

[0131] Control the frequency of the alternating magnetic field pulse by using a phase-locked loop or a crystal oscillator;

[0132] Control the amplitude and phase of the alternating magnetic field pulse by using a programmable waveform generator or a digital signal processing circuit.

[0133] Optionally, the alternating magnetic field pulse is generated by a coil or a micro-nano structured antenna.

[0134] Optionally, after measuring the atomic transition frequency based on the first Ramsey interference fringe to obtain the target atomic transition frequency, the method further includes:

[0135] Perform a fast Fourier transform or a linear fit on the first Ramsey interference fringe to obtain the interference fringe frequency and the contrast;

[0136] Generate a feedback signal based on the interference fringe frequency and the contrast;

[0137] Updating the parameters corresponding to the first pulse based on the feedback signal to obtain a first target pulse, and updating the parameters corresponding to the second pulse based on the feedback signal to obtain a second target pulse;

[0138] Updating the target atomic transition frequency based on the first target pulse and the second target pulse.

[0139] The embodiment of the present application further provides a computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored. When the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements each process of the above-mentioned embodiment of the method for measuring atomic transition frequency and can achieve the same technical effect. To avoid repetition, it will not be elaborated here. Among them, the computer-readable storage medium is, for example, a read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a magnetic disk, or an optical disc, etc.

[0140] The embodiment of the present application further provides a computer program product, including computer instructions. When the computer instructions are executed by a processor, it implements each process of the above-mentioned embodiment of the method for measuring atomic transition frequency and can achieve the same technical effect. To avoid repetition, it will not be elaborated here.

[0141] It should be noted that in this article, the term "including", "comprising" or any other variant thereof is intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements not only includes those elements, but also includes other elements not expressly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. Without further limitation, an element defined by the statement "including a..." does not exclude the existence of another identical element in the process, method, article or device including that element.

[0142] Through the description of the above embodiments, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that the above-mentioned embodiment methods can be implemented by means of software plus a necessary general hardware platform. Of course, they can also be implemented by hardware, but in many cases the former is a better implementation method. Based on such an understanding, the technical solution of the present application, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, can be embodied in the form of a software product. The computer software product is stored in a storage medium (such as ROM / RAM, magnetic disk, optical disc) and includes several instructions for causing a terminal (which can be a mobile phone, a computer, a server, an air conditioner, or a network device, etc.) to execute the methods described in the various embodiments of the present application.

[0143] The embodiments of the present application have been described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. However, the present application is not limited to the above specific embodiments. The above specific embodiments are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Under the inspiration of the present application, those of ordinary skill in the art can also make many forms without departing from the purpose of the present application and the scope protected by the claims, and all of them belong to the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for measuring atomic transition frequency, characterized in that: include: Preprocessing an atomic system in an atomic clock so that atoms in the atomic system are in a coherently populated trapped state; Applying a first pulse to the atomic system within a first time window of a first Ramsey sequence, so that atoms in the atomic system are in a superposition state within the first time window of the first Ramsey sequence; Controlling the amplitude of the first pulse to decrease to a threshold value of magnetic field intensity that meets the requirement of free evolution of the atomic system within the second time window of the first Ramsey sequence, so that the atoms in the atomic system are in a free evolution state within the second time window of the first Ramsey sequence; Applying a second pulse to the atomic system within a third time window of the first Ramsey sequence to generate first Ramsey interference fringes; Measuring the atomic transition frequency based on the first Ramsey interference fringes to obtain the target atomic transition frequency; Wherein, at least one of the first pulse and the second pulse is an alternating magnetic field pulse; In the case where the first pulse is an alternating magnetic field pulse, before applying the first pulse to the atomic system within the first time window of the first Ramsey sequence, the method further includes: A phase-locked loop or a crystal oscillator is used to control the frequency of the alternating magnetic field pulse; Using a programmable waveform generator or a digital signal processing circuit to control the amplitude and phase of the alternating magnetic field pulse; In the case where the second pulse is an alternating magnetic field pulse, before applying the second pulse to the atomic system within a third preset time window of the first Ramsey sequence, the method further includes: A phase-locked loop or a crystal oscillator is used to control the frequency of the alternating magnetic field pulse; A programmable waveform generator or a digital signal processing circuit is used to control the amplitude and phase of the alternating magnetic field pulse.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The first pulse and the second pulse are alternating magnetic field pulses. Before the atomic transition frequency is measured based on the first Ramsey interference fringe to obtain the target atomic transition frequency, the method further includes: Applying a first microwave pulse to the atomic system within a first time window of a second Ramsey sequence, so that atoms in the atomic system are in a superposition state within the first time window of the second Ramsey sequence; Controlling the amplitude of the first microwave pulse to decrease to a threshold value of magnetic field intensity required for free evolution of the atomic system within the second time window of the second Ramsey sequence, so that the atoms in the atomic system are in a free evolution state within the second time window of the second Ramsey sequence; Applying a second microwave pulse to the atomic system within a third time window of the second Ramsey sequence to generate second Ramsey interference fringes; The step of measuring the atomic transition frequency based on the first Ramsey interference fringe to obtain the target atomic transition frequency includes: determining a first atomic transition frequency based on the first Ramsey interference fringes, and determining a second atomic transition frequency based on the second Ramsey interference fringes; The target atomic transition frequency is determined based on the first atomic transition frequency and the second atomic transition frequency.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The measuring the atomic transition frequency based on the first Ramsey interference fringe to obtain the target atomic transition frequency includes: Acquire atomic phase information corresponding to atoms in the atomic system from the first Ramsey interference fringes by using at least one of optical detection, radio frequency resonance detection and magnetic resonance detection; The target atomic transition frequency is determined based on the atomic phase information.

4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that The alternating magnetic field pulse is generated by a coil or a micro-nano structure antenna.

5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that After measuring the atomic transition frequency based on the first Ramsey interference fringe to obtain the target atomic transition frequency, the method further includes: Performing fast Fourier transform or linear fitting based on the first Ramsey interference fringe to obtain the interference fringe frequency and contrast; generating a feedback signal based on the interference fringe frequency and the contrast; updating the parameters corresponding to the first pulse based on the feedback signal to obtain a first target pulse, and updating the parameters corresponding to the second pulse based on the feedback signal to obtain a second target pulse; The target atomic transition frequency is updated based on the first target pulse and the second target pulse.

6. A device for measuring atomic transition frequency, characterized in that: include: A first processing module is used to pre-process the atomic system in the atomic clock so that the atoms in the atomic system are in a coherent population trapped state; A second processing module is used to apply a first pulse to the atomic system within a first time window of a first Ramsey sequence, so that the atoms in the atomic system are in a superposition state within the first time window of the first Ramsey sequence; A third processing module is used to control the amplitude of the first pulse to be reduced to a magnetic field intensity threshold that meets the free evolution of the atomic system within the second time window of the first Ramsey sequence, so that the atoms in the atomic system are in a free evolution state within the second time window of the first Ramsey sequence; a fourth processing module, configured to apply a second pulse to the atomic system within a third time window of the first Ramsey sequence to generate first Ramsey interference fringes; A measuring module, used for measuring the atomic transition frequency based on the first Ramsey interference fringe to obtain a target atomic transition frequency; Wherein, at least one of the first pulse and the second pulse is an alternating magnetic field pulse; In the case where the first pulse is an alternating magnetic field pulse, the device further comprises: A first control module, used to control the frequency of the alternating magnetic field pulse by using a phase-locked loop or a crystal oscillator; A second control module, used to control the amplitude and phase of the alternating magnetic field pulse using a programmable waveform generator or a digital signal processing circuit; In the case where the second pulse is an alternating magnetic field pulse, the device further comprises: A third control module, used to control the frequency of the alternating magnetic field pulse by using a phase-locked loop or a crystal oscillator; The fourth control module is used to control the amplitude and phase of the alternating magnetic field pulse by using a programmable waveform generator or a digital signal processing circuit.

7. An electronic device comprising: A memory, a processor, and a program stored in the memory and executable on the processor; wherein the processor is used to read the program in the memory to implement the steps of the method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5.

8. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that: The computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 5 are implemented.

9. A computer program product, characterized in that The method comprises computer instructions, which, when executed by a processor, implement the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 5.

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