Shot gather seismic diffraction wave separation method and device

Abstract

This invention provides a method and apparatus for separating diffracted waves in shot-gathered seismic data, relating to the technical field of seismic exploration. The method includes: acquiring two-dimensional single-shot seismic data for a specified geographical area; processing the two-dimensional single-shot seismic data using a plane wave method to obtain the spatial coordinates of the virtual source point; determining the seismic data in the virtual source space and the target reflection wave extraction function based on the two-dimensional single-shot seismic data and the spatial coordinates of the virtual source point; the target reflection wave extraction function is a continuous function; determining the target reflection wave field data based on the spatial coordinates of the virtual source point, the seismic data in the virtual source space, and the target reflection wave extraction function; and removing the target reflection wave field data from the two-dimensional single-shot seismic data to obtain the diffracted wave field data. The application of the target reflection wave extraction function effectively avoids the loss of diffracted waves and the residue of reflected waves during the separation process, thus effectively alleviating the technical problem of poor diffracted wave separation effect in existing diffracted wave separation methods.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the technical field of seismic exploration, and in particular to a method and apparatus for separating shot-gathered seismic diffraction waves. Background Technology

[0002] During their propagation underground, seismic waves are reflected when they encounter geological interfaces, forming reflected waves that accurately reflect continuous interface information. Smaller-scale geological discontinuities lack continuous reflecting interfaces and do not produce reflected waves; instead, they act as secondary sources, forming diffracted waves. Therefore, seismic diffracted waves represent the seismic response of small-scale geological discontinuities, carrying rich information about these small-scale geological bodies and possessing significant potential for high-resolution exploration and important research value.

[0003] However, diffracted waves are affected by geometric diffusion attenuation, and their energy is one to two orders of magnitude lower than that of reflected waves. They are also shielded by the strong signal of the reflected waves, preventing them from realizing their high-resolution detection potential. Therefore, it is necessary to separate the diffracted waves to eliminate the shielding effect of the reflected waves and achieve high-resolution detection of diffracted waves. Existing technologies struggle to extract diffracted wave signals before stacking. Current diffracted wave extraction techniques mainly focus on the post-stack domain. Before extraction, the signals are dynamically corrected and superimposed according to the propagation law of the reflected waves. Therefore, the diffracted waves are already damaged during the superposition process, affecting the integrity and richness of the diffracted wave signal. Consequently, methods for diffracted wave extraction based on post-stack data suffer from poor separation performance. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method and apparatus for separating seismic diffraction waves from shot gathers, so as to alleviate the technical problem of poor diffraction wave separation effect in existing diffraction wave separation methods.

[0005] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for separating diffracted waves in shot-gathered seismic data, comprising: acquiring two-dimensional single-shot seismic data of a specified geographical area; processing the two-dimensional single-shot seismic data using a plane wave method to obtain the spatial coordinates of a virtual source point; wherein the virtual source point represents the mirror image of the shot point with respect to the strata; determining seismic data in the virtual source space and a target reflection wave extraction function based on the two-dimensional single-shot seismic data and the spatial coordinates of the virtual source point; wherein the target reflection wave extraction function is a continuous function; determining the target reflection wave field data based on the spatial coordinates of the virtual source point, the seismic data in the virtual source space, and the target reflection wave extraction function; and removing the target reflection wave field data from the two-dimensional single-shot seismic data to obtain diffracted wave field data.

[0006] Optionally, based on two-dimensional single-shot seismic data and the spatial coordinates of the virtual source point, the seismic data in the virtual source space and the target reflection wave extraction function are determined, including: focusing the two-dimensional single-shot seismic data based on the spatial coordinates of the virtual source point to obtain the seismic data in the virtual source space; determining the initial reflection wave extraction function based on the two-dimensional single-shot seismic data and the spatial coordinates of the virtual source point; and determining the target reflection wave extraction function based on the seismic data in the virtual source space, the initial reflection wave extraction function, and the spatial coordinates of the virtual source point.

[0007] Optionally, based on two-dimensional single-shot seismic data and the spatial coordinates of the virtual source points, an initial reflection wave extraction function is determined, including: calculating the number of illuminations for each virtual source point in the underground space of a specified geographical area based on the two-dimensional single-shot seismic data and the spatial coordinates of the virtual source points; and constructing an initial reflection wave extraction function based on a preset upper limit for the number of illuminations and the number of illuminations for all virtual source points in the underground space.

[0008] Optionally, based on the seismic data in the virtual source space, the initial reflection wave extraction function, and the spatial coordinates of the virtual source points, the target reflection wave extraction function is determined, including: constructing a first reflection wave model in the virtual source space based on the seismic data in the virtual source space and the initial reflection wave extraction function; performing anti-focusing processing on the first reflection wave model based on the spatial coordinates of the virtual source points to obtain initial reflection wave field data; performing focusing processing on the initial reflection wave field data based on the spatial coordinates of the virtual source points to obtain a second reflection wave model in the virtual source space; and constructing the target reflection wave extraction function based on the second reflection wave model and the seismic data in the virtual source space.

[0009] Optionally, based on the spatial coordinates of the virtual source point, the seismic data in the virtual source space, and the target reflection wave extraction function, the target reflection wave field data is determined, including: constructing a target reflection wave model in the virtual source space based on the seismic data in the virtual source space and the target reflection wave extraction function; and performing anti-focusing processing on the target reflection wave model based on the spatial coordinates of the virtual source point to obtain the target reflection wave field data.

[0010] Secondly, the present invention provides a shot gather seismic diffraction wave separation device, comprising: an acquisition module for acquiring two-dimensional single-shot seismic data of a specified geographical area; a processing module for processing the two-dimensional single-shot seismic data using a plane wave method to obtain the spatial coordinates of a virtual source point; wherein the virtual source point represents the mirror image of the shot point with respect to the strata; a first determination module for determining seismic data in the virtual source space and a target reflection wave extraction function based on the two-dimensional single-shot seismic data and the spatial coordinates of the virtual source point; wherein the target reflection wave extraction function is a continuous function; a second determination module for determining target reflection wave field data based on the spatial coordinates of the virtual source point, the seismic data in the virtual source space, and the target reflection wave extraction function; and a removal module for removing the target reflection wave field data from the two-dimensional single-shot seismic data to obtain diffraction wave field data.

[0011] Optionally, the first determining module includes: a focusing unit, used to focus the two-dimensional single-shot seismic data based on the spatial coordinates of the virtual source point to obtain seismic data in the virtual source space; a first determining unit, used to determine the initial reflection wave extraction function based on the two-dimensional single-shot seismic data and the spatial coordinates of the virtual source point; and a second determining unit, used to determine the target reflection wave extraction function based on the seismic data in the virtual source space, the initial reflection wave extraction function, and the spatial coordinates of the virtual source point.

[0012] Optionally, the first determining unit is specifically used to: calculate the number of times each virtual seismic source point in the underground space of a specified geographical area is illuminated based on two-dimensional single-shot seismic data and the spatial coordinates of the virtual seismic source points; and construct an initial reflected wave extraction function based on a preset upper limit for the number of illuminations and the number of illuminations of all virtual seismic source points in the underground space.

[0013] Thirdly, the present invention provides an electronic device, including a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program that can run on the processor, and the processor executes the computer program to implement the shot gather seismic diffraction wave separation method of any of the foregoing embodiments.

[0014] Fourthly, the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium storing computer instructions, which, when executed by a processor, implement the shot gather seismic diffraction wave separation method of any of the foregoing embodiments.

[0015] This invention provides a method for separating diffracted waves in shot-gathered seismic data. After acquiring two-dimensional single-shot seismic data, the method first determines the spatial coordinates of the virtual source point. Then, using virtual source theory, the reflected waves are focused at the virtual source. A continuous target reflection wave extraction function is used to effectively extract and suppress the reflected wave field data, thereby separating the diffracted wave field data from the two-dimensional single-shot seismic data. The application of the target reflection wave extraction function effectively avoids the loss of diffracted waves and the residue of reflected waves during the separation process, thus effectively alleviating the technical problem of poor diffracted wave separation effect in existing diffracted wave separation methods. Attached Figure Description

[0016] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0017] Figure 1 A flowchart of a shot gather seismic diffraction wave separation method provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 2 A flowchart for determining seismic data and target reflection wave extraction functions in the virtual source space based on two-dimensional single-shot seismic data and the spatial coordinates of the virtual source point is provided in this embodiment of the invention.

[0019] Figure 3 A functional block diagram of a shot gather seismic diffraction wave separation device provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0021] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0022] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the invention as claimed, but rather merely represents selected embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments derived by persons of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] The following detailed description of some embodiments of the present invention is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Unless otherwise specified, the following embodiments and features can be combined with each other.

[0024] Example 1

[0025] Figure 1 A flowchart of a shot gather seismic diffraction wave separation method provided in an embodiment of the present invention is shown below. Figure 1 As shown, the method specifically includes the following steps:

[0026] Step S102: Obtain two-dimensional single-shot seismic data for the specified geographical area.

[0027] The method provided in this embodiment of the invention is applicable to processing two-dimensional single-shot seismic data U(x) s ,x r (i.e., seismic shot gather data) undergoes diffraction wave separation. Two-dimensional single-shot seismic data is seismic data recorded by a seismic exploration system consisting of a single shot point S and multiple receiver points R. The shot point and all receiver points are arranged on the x-axis, and the depth is 0. That is, the coordinates of the shot point and all receiver points in the y-direction and z-direction are both 0. s The x-coordinate represents the coordinates of the shot point. r The coordinates of the receiver point are represented, and t represents the seismic recording time.

[0028] Step S104: The two-dimensional single-shot seismic data is processed using the plane wave method to obtain the spatial coordinates of the virtual source point.

[0029] Among them, the virtual seismic source point represents the mirror image of the shot point with respect to the strata.

[0030] Specifically, according to the law of reflection, the reflection time corresponding to a geological interface can be regarded as the time from the virtual source point to the receiver point. The virtual source point is the mirror image of the shot point with respect to the strata, and its coordinates are denoted as (X(x s ,x r ,t), Z(x s ,x r In other words, there is a mapping relationship between seismic shot gather data and the location of virtual source points. Each sample point in the seismic shot gather data (i.e., a seismic record sample point) corresponds to the coordinates of a virtual source point. At the shot point coordinates x... s Under the premise of being fixed, the above mapping relationship can be understood as: a set of definite (x) r ,t) corresponds to the coordinates of a virtual seismic source point (X(x) r ,t), Z(x r ,t)),(X(x r ,t), Z(x r,t)) can also be written as (X(x) s ,x r ,t), Z(x s ,x r ,t)).

[0031] Since the seismic recording time at the receiver point is equal to the distance between the underground virtual source point and the surface receiver point divided by the seismic P-wave velocity, the seismic recording time t can be expressed as: Where v represents the seismic P-wave velocity, t(x r ) represents the coordinates as x r The seismic recording time at the detector point.

[0032] The plane wave method for processing two-dimensional single-shot seismic data essentially involves the following process:

[0033] ① Taking the partial derivative of the above formula (1), we get:

[0034] ② Multiply both sides of equation (2) by t and take the partial derivative again to get: A set of specific (x) r Substituting ,t) into formula (3), we can obtain the seismic P-wave velocity v.

[0035] ③ The seismic P-wave velocity v and (x) used in ② r Substituting ,t) into the above formula (2), we can obtain (x r The coordinates of the virtual seismic source point X(x,t) in the x-direction. s ,x r ,t),

[0036] ④ The (x) used in ② r Substituting the calculated X(xs,xr,t) and the calculated X(xs,xr,t) into equation (1), we can obtain the value of (x). r The coordinates of the virtual seismic source point in the z-direction corresponding to ,t) are Z(xs,xr,t), which is also the depth Z(xs,xr,t).

[0037] Calculations up to this point yield a definite set of (x) r The spatial coordinates (X(x,t) of the virtual seismic source point) s ,x r ,t), Z(x s ,x r The coordinates of each seismic record sample point have been obtained, and it is known that each sample point corresponds to a virtual seismic source point. Therefore, by processing each sample point in the ground-based laser gathering data according to the above procedure, the coordinates of all virtual seismic source points in the underground space of a specified geographical area can be obtained.

[0038] Step S106: Based on the two-dimensional single-shot seismic data and the spatial coordinates of the virtual source point, determine the seismic data and target reflection wave extraction function in the virtual source space.

[0039] The target reflected wave extraction function is a continuous function.

[0040] Specifically, by focusing the two-dimensional single-shot seismic data using the spatial coordinates of the virtual source point, the seismic data in the virtual source space can be obtained. That is, all seismic signal intensities are repositioned and superimposed onto the reflection point locations of the corresponding strata.

[0041] As described above, each seismic record sample corresponds to a virtual source location, and some virtual source locations may have multiple corresponding seismic record samples. If a virtual source location corresponds to multiple seismic record samples, it indicates that the virtual source location is where reflected waves are generated; if a virtual source location corresponds to only a few seismic record samples, it indicates that the virtual source location is where diffracted waves are generated. Therefore, based on the two-dimensional single-shot seismic data and the spatial coordinates of all virtual source points, the illumination count for each virtual source point can be calculated. By setting a limit on the illumination count, the discrete reflection wave extraction function (i.e., the initial reflection wave extraction function) can be preliminarily determined, with a function value of 0 or 1. The illumination count for a virtual source point refers to the number of seismic record samples that correspond to that virtual source point.

[0042] By combining seismic data in the virtual source space and the initial reflection wave extraction function, the reflection wave model in the virtual source space can be preliminarily determined. However, if the data at the focal point of the reflection wave in the virtual source space is directly removed based on the current reflection wave model, the removal operation will inevitably lead to residual reflection waves and energy loss of diffraction waves due to the lack of smoothness of the current operation (because the initial reflection wave extraction function is a discrete function), which is not conducive to subsequent diffraction wave processing. Therefore, after determining the initial reflection wave extraction function, this embodiment of the invention performs a second reflection wave de-focusing-focusing process to update the reflection wave model in the virtual source space, and then combines it with the seismic data in the virtual source space to construct a continuous reflection wave extraction function, that is, the target reflection wave extraction function.

[0043] Step S108: Based on the spatial coordinates of the virtual source point, the seismic data in the virtual source space, and the target reflection wave extraction function, determine the target reflection wave field data.

[0044] By processing the seismic data in the virtual source space using the target reflection wave extraction function, the target reflection wave model in the virtual source space can be obtained. Then, by combining the spatial coordinates of the virtual source point and performing inverse focusing processing, the target reflection wave field data can be obtained.

[0045] Step S110: Remove the target reflected wave field data from the two-dimensional single-shot seismic data to obtain the diffracted wave field data.

[0046] The diffracted wave field data is represented as: U dif (x s ,x r ,t)=U(x s ,x r ,t)-U ref (x s ,x r ,t). Where, U(x s ,x r ,t) represents two-dimensional single-shot seismic data, U ref (x s ,x r ,t) represents the target reflected wave field data, U dif (x s ,x r ,t) represents the diffracted wave field data.

[0047] This invention provides a method for separating diffracted waves in shot-gathered seismic data. After acquiring two-dimensional single-shot seismic data, the method first determines the spatial coordinates of the virtual source point. Then, using virtual source theory, the reflected waves are focused at the virtual source. A continuous target reflection wave extraction function is used to effectively extract and suppress the reflected wave field data, thereby separating the diffracted wave field data from the two-dimensional single-shot seismic data. The application of the target reflection wave extraction function effectively avoids the loss of diffracted waves and the residue of reflected waves during the separation process, thus effectively alleviating the technical problem of poor diffracted wave separation effect in existing diffracted wave separation methods.

[0048] In one alternative implementation, such as Figure 2 As shown, step S106 above, based on two-dimensional single-shot seismic data and the spatial coordinates of the virtual source point, determines the seismic data in the virtual source space and the target reflection wave extraction function, specifically including the following steps:

[0049] Step S1061: Focus the two-dimensional single-shot seismic data based on the spatial coordinates of the virtual source point to obtain the seismic data in the virtual source space.

[0050] Focusing two-dimensional single-shot seismic data can also be understood as performing the following transformation on the seismic wavefield to convert it into virtual source space: Where δ represents the Dirac function, (x im ,z im ) represents the spatial coordinates of the target virtual seismic source point, where the target virtual seismic source point represents any virtual seismic source point among all virtual seismic source points, I(x im ,z im) represents earthquake data in the virtual source space.

[0051] Step S1062: Determine the initial reflection wave extraction function based on the two-dimensional single-shot seismic data and the spatial coordinates of the virtual source point.

[0052] Based on two-dimensional single-shot seismic data and the spatial coordinates of virtual seismic source points, the number of illumination times for each virtual seismic source point in the underground space can be calculated. Then, based on the number of illumination times, the focal point of the reflected wave can be determined from all virtual seismic source points, and a discrete initial reflected wave extraction function can be constructed.

[0053] Step S1063: Based on the seismic data in the virtual source space, the initial reflection wave extraction function, and the spatial coordinates of the virtual source point, determine the target reflection wave extraction function.

[0054] As described above, only the initial reflection wave model can be obtained from the initial reflection wave extraction function and the seismic data in the virtual source space. This model cannot be used directly. Therefore, after obtaining the initial reflection wave model, it is necessary to perform anti-focusing and focusing processing in combination with the spatial coordinates of the virtual source points to update the reflection wave model and then construct the target reflection wave extraction function.

[0055] In an optional implementation, step S1062 above, which determines the initial reflection wave extraction function based on two-dimensional single-shot seismic data and the spatial coordinates of the virtual source point, specifically includes the following steps:

[0056] Step S10621: Based on the two-dimensional single-shot seismic data and the spatial coordinates of the virtual seismic source points, calculate the number of illumination times for each virtual seismic source point in the underground space of the specified geographical area.

[0057] Step S10622: Based on the preset upper limit of the number of illuminations and the number of illuminations for all virtual seismic source points in the underground space, construct the initial reflected wave extraction function.

[0058] The illumination count of a virtual seismic source point refers to the number of seismic record samples that correspond to that virtual seismic source point. Therefore, this embodiment of the invention uses the following formula to calculate the target virtual seismic source point (x). im ,z im The number of times the light is applied. Where ε represents the minimum number used to improve the stability of division, δ represents the Dirac function, and T(x) im ,z im ) represents the target virtual seismic source point (x) im ,z im (Number of times of illumination).

[0059] After determining the number of illumination cycles for each virtual vibration source point, the initial reflected wave extraction function can be constructed by combining it with a preset upper limit for the number of illumination cycles. Where K represents the upper limit of the preset number of illuminations. According to the expression of the initial reflected wave extraction function, if the number of illuminations at the virtual vibration source point reaches this upper limit, the function value of the initial reflected wave extraction function is 1; otherwise, it is 0.

[0060] In an optional implementation, step S1063 above, which determines the target reflection wave extraction function based on the seismic data in the virtual source space, the initial reflection wave extraction function, and the spatial coordinates of the virtual source point, specifically includes the following steps:

[0061] Step S10631: Based on the seismic data in the virtual source space and the initial reflection wave extraction function, construct the first reflection wave model in the virtual source space.

[0062] Step S10632: Based on the spatial coordinates of the virtual seismic source point, the first reflected wave model is reverse-focused to obtain the initial reflected wave field data.

[0063] Step S10633: Focus the initial reflected wave field data based on the spatial coordinates of the virtual source point to obtain the second reflected wave model in the virtual source space.

[0064] Step S10634: Based on the second reflection wave model in the virtual source space and the seismic data in the virtual source space, construct the target reflection wave extraction function.

[0065] Multiplying the seismic data in the virtual source space with the initial reflection wave extraction function yields the first reflection wave model in the virtual source space (i.e., the aforementioned initial reflection wave model). Expressed as: Based on the spatial coordinates of the virtual source point, the first reflected wave model in the virtual source space is transformed back to the seismic wavefield space to obtain the initial reflected wavefield data.

[0066]

[0067] Furthermore, by transforming the initial reflected wave field data to the virtual source space based on the spatial coordinates of the virtual source point, the second reflected wave model in the virtual source space can be obtained: The second reflection wave model is divided by the complete seismic data and then the square root is taken to construct the target reflection wave extraction function: Where ε represents the minimum number used to improve the stability of division, M′(x im ,z im ) represents the target reflected wave extraction function.

[0068] In an optional implementation, step S108 above, which determines the target reflected wavefield data based on the spatial coordinates of the virtual source point, the seismic data in the virtual source space, and the target reflected wave extraction function, specifically includes the following steps:

[0069] Step S1081: Based on the seismic data in the virtual source space and the target reflection wave extraction function, construct the target reflection wave model in the virtual source space. The target reflection wave model is expressed as:

[0070]

[0071] Step S1082: Based on the spatial coordinates of the virtual seismic source point, the target reflected wave model is reverse-focused to obtain the target reflected wave field data.

[0072] The target reflected wave field data is represented as follows:

[0073]

[0074] The seismic diffraction wave separation method proposed in this invention is a technical means for pre-stack diffraction wave separation. This method utilizes travel time information to construct a mapping relationship between seismic shot gather data and virtual source points, and uses virtual source theory to focus reflected waves at the virtual source. Based on the continuity of the target reflected wave extraction function, it can ensure effective separation of reflected waves and diffraction waves in the virtual source space, avoiding reflected wave residue and diffraction wave loss, thereby improving the diffraction wave separation effect and quality. In other words, this invention has the ability to acquire weak seismic diffraction wave signals, and can be used for diffraction wave field extraction in pre-stack shot gathering and under complex geological conditions. It can serve the detection of small-scale geological anomalies in seismic exploration, accurately locating geological discontinuities such as faults and collapse columns.

[0075] Example 2

[0076] This invention also provides a shot gather seismic diffraction wave separation device, which is mainly used to perform the shot gather seismic diffraction wave separation method provided in Embodiment 1 above. The shot gather seismic diffraction wave separation device provided in this invention will be described in detail below.

[0077] Figure 3 A functional block diagram of a shot gather seismic diffraction wave separation device provided in an embodiment of the present invention is shown below. Figure 3 As shown, the device mainly includes: an acquisition module 10, a processing module 20, a first determination module 30, a second determination module 40, and a rejection module 50, wherein:

[0078] Module 10 is used to acquire two-dimensional single-shot seismic data for a specified geographical area.

[0079] The processing module 20 is used to process two-dimensional single-shot seismic data using the plane wave method to obtain the spatial coordinates of the virtual source point; where the virtual source point represents the mirror image of the shot point with respect to the strata.

[0080] The first determining module 30 is used to determine the seismic data in the virtual source space and the target reflection wave extraction function based on the two-dimensional single-shot seismic data and the spatial coordinates of the virtual source point; wherein, the target reflection wave extraction function is a continuous function.

[0081] The second determining module 40 is used to determine the target reflection wavefield data based on the spatial coordinates of the virtual source point, the seismic data in the virtual source space, and the target reflection wave extraction function.

[0082] The elimination module 50 is used to remove the target reflected wave field data from the two-dimensional single-shot seismic data to obtain the diffracted wave field data.

[0083] This invention provides a shot gather seismic diffraction wave separation device. After acquiring two-dimensional single-shot seismic data, the device first determines the spatial coordinates of the virtual source point, then uses virtual source theory to focus the reflected wave at the virtual source, and uses a continuous target reflection wave extraction function to effectively extract and suppress the reflected wave field data, thereby separating the diffraction wave field data from the two-dimensional single-shot seismic data. The application of the target reflection wave extraction function can effectively avoid the loss of diffraction waves and the residue of reflected waves during the separation process, thus effectively alleviating the technical problem of poor diffraction wave separation effect in existing diffraction wave separation methods.

[0084] Optionally, the first determining module 30 includes:

[0085] The focusing unit is used to focus two-dimensional single-shot seismic data based on the spatial coordinates of the virtual source point to obtain seismic data in the virtual source space.

[0086] The first determining unit is used to determine the initial reflection wave extraction function based on two-dimensional single-shot seismic data and the spatial coordinates of the virtual source point.

[0087] The second determining unit is used to determine the target reflection wave extraction function based on the seismic data in the virtual source space, the initial reflection wave extraction function, and the spatial coordinates of the virtual source point.

[0088] Optionally, the first determining unit is specifically used for:

[0089] Based on two-dimensional single-shot seismic data and the spatial coordinates of virtual seismic source points, the number of illumination times for each virtual seismic source point in the underground space of a specified geographical area is calculated.

[0090] An initial reflection wave extraction function is constructed based on the preset upper limit of the number of illuminations and the number of illuminations for all virtual seismic source points in the underground space.

[0091] Optionally, the second determining unit is specifically used for:

[0092] Based on the seismic data in the virtual source space and the initial reflection wave extraction function, a first reflection wave model in the virtual source space is constructed.

[0093] Based on the spatial coordinates of the virtual seismic source point, the first reflected wave model is reverse-focused to obtain the initial reflected wave field data.

[0094] By focusing the initial reflected wave field data based on the spatial coordinates of the virtual source point, a second reflected wave model in the virtual source space is obtained.

[0095] Based on the second reflection wave model in the virtual source space and the seismic data in the virtual source space, a target reflection wave extraction function is constructed.

[0096] Optionally, the second determining module 40 is specifically used for:

[0097] Based on seismic data in the virtual source space and the target reflection wave extraction function, a target reflection wave model in the virtual source space is constructed.

[0098] Based on the spatial coordinates of the virtual seismic source point, the target reflected wave model is reverse-focused to obtain the target reflected wave field data.

[0099] Example 3

[0100] See Figure 4 This invention provides an electronic device, which includes a processor 60, a memory 61, a bus 62, and a communication interface 63. The processor 60, the communication interface 63, and the memory 61 are connected via the bus 62. The processor 60 is used to execute executable modules, such as computer programs, stored in the memory 61.

[0101] The memory 61 may include high-speed random access memory (RAM) or non-volatile memory, such as at least one disk storage device. Communication between this system network element and at least one other network element is achieved through at least one communication interface 63 (which can be wired or wireless), such as the Internet, wide area network, local area network, metropolitan area network, etc.

[0102] Bus 62 can be an ISA bus, PCI bus, or EISA bus, etc. Buses can be divided into address buses, data buses, control buses, etc. For ease of representation, Figure 4 The symbol is represented by a single double-headed arrow, but this does not mean that there is only one bus or one type of bus.

[0103] The memory 61 is used to store the program. After receiving the execution instruction, the processor 60 executes the program. The method executed by the apparatus defined by the process disclosed in any of the foregoing embodiments of the present invention can be applied to the processor 60 or implemented by the processor 60.

[0104] Processor 60 may be an integrated circuit chip with signal processing capabilities. In implementation, each step of the above method can be completed by the integrated logic circuitry in the hardware of processor 60 or by instructions in software form. Processor 60 can be a general-purpose processor, including a Central Processing Unit (CPU), a Network Processor (NP), etc.; it can also be a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), a Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, or discrete hardware components. It can implement or execute the methods, steps, and logic block diagrams disclosed in the embodiments of this invention. The general-purpose processor can be a microprocessor or any conventional processor. The steps of the methods disclosed in the embodiments of this invention can be directly embodied in the execution of a hardware decoding processor, or executed by a combination of hardware and software modules in the decoding processor. The software modules can reside in random access memory, flash memory, read-only memory, programmable read-only memory, electrically erasable programmable memory, registers, or other mature storage media in the art. The storage medium is located in memory 61. Processor 60 reads the information in memory 61 and, in conjunction with its hardware, completes the steps of the above method.

[0105] The computer program product of the shot gather seismic diffraction wave separation method and apparatus provided in the embodiments of the present invention includes a computer-readable storage medium storing non-volatile program code executable by a processor. The instructions included in the program code can be used to execute the methods in the preceding method embodiments. For specific implementation, please refer to the method embodiments, which will not be repeated here.

[0106] In addition, each functional unit in each embodiment of the present invention may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist physically separately, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit.

[0107] If the functionality is implemented as a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a processor-executable, non-volatile, computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this invention, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or a portion of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods of the various embodiments of this invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0108] It should be noted that similar labels and letters in the following figures indicate similar items. Therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.

[0109] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship commonly used when the product of this invention is in use. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this invention. In addition, the terms "first," "second," "third," etc., are only used to distinguish descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0110] Furthermore, terms such as "horizontal," "vertical," and "overhanging" do not necessarily imply that a component must be absolutely horizontal or overhanging, but rather that it can be slightly tilted. For example, "horizontal" simply means that its direction is more horizontal than "vertical," and does not mean that the structure must be completely horizontal, but rather that it can be slightly tilted.

[0111] In the description of this invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "set," "install," "connect," and "link" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0112] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the above embodiments, or replace some or all of the technical features therein with equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for separating seismic diffracted waves from a shot gather, characterized in that, include: Acquire two-dimensional single-shot seismic data for a specified geographical area; The two-dimensional single-shot seismic data are processed using the plane wave method to obtain the spatial coordinates of the virtual source point; wherein, the virtual source point represents the mirror image of the shot point with respect to the strata. Based on the two-dimensional single-shot seismic data and the spatial coordinates of the virtual source point, the seismic data in the virtual source space and the target reflection wave extraction function are determined; wherein, the target reflection wave extraction function is a continuous function; Based on the spatial coordinates of the virtual seismic source point, the seismic data in the virtual seismic source space, and the target reflection wave extraction function, the target reflection wave field data is determined. The target reflected wave field data is removed from the two-dimensional single-shot seismic data to obtain the diffracted wave field data; Specifically, based on the two-dimensional single-shot seismic data and the spatial coordinates of the virtual source point, the seismic data in the virtual source space and the target reflection wave extraction function are determined, including: Based on the spatial coordinates of the virtual source point, the two-dimensional single-shot seismic data is focused to obtain seismic data in the virtual source space. Based on the two-dimensional single-shot seismic data and the spatial coordinates of the virtual seismic source point, the initial reflection wave extraction function is determined; Based on the seismic data in the virtual source space, the initial reflection wave extraction function, and the spatial coordinates of the virtual source point, the target reflection wave extraction function is determined. Specifically, the target reflection wave extraction function is determined based on the seismic data in the virtual source space, the initial reflection wave extraction function, and the spatial coordinates of the virtual source point, including: Based on the seismic data in the virtual source space and the initial reflection wave extraction function, a first reflection wave model in the virtual source space is constructed; Based on the spatial coordinates of the virtual seismic source point, the first reflected wave model is reverse-focused to obtain the initial reflected wave field data. Based on the spatial coordinates of the virtual seismic source point, the initial reflected wave field data is focused to obtain the second reflected wave model in the virtual seismic source space. Based on the second reflection wave model in the virtual source space and the seismic data in the virtual source space, the target reflection wave extraction function is constructed.

2. The method for separating seismic diffracted waves from a shot gather according to claim 1, characterized in that, Based on the two-dimensional single-shot seismic data and the spatial coordinates of the virtual source point, the initial reflection wave extraction function is determined, including: Based on the two-dimensional single-shot seismic data and the spatial coordinates of the virtual seismic source points, the number of illumination times for each virtual seismic source point in the underground space of the specified geographical area is calculated. An initial reflected wave extraction function is constructed based on the preset upper limit of the number of illuminations and the number of illuminations for all virtual seismic source points in the underground space.

3. The method for separating seismic diffracted waves from a shot gather according to claim 1, characterized in that, Based on the spatial coordinates of the virtual seismic source point, the seismic data in the virtual seismic source space, and the target reflection wave extraction function, the target reflection wave field data is determined, including: Based on the seismic data in the virtual source space and the target reflection wave extraction function, a target reflection wave model in the virtual source space is constructed. Based on the spatial coordinates of the virtual seismic source point, the target reflected wave model is defocused to obtain the target reflected wave field data.

4. A shot-gathering seismic diffraction wave separation device, characterized in that, include: The acquisition module is used to acquire two-dimensional single-shot seismic data for a specified geographical area; The processing module is used to process the two-dimensional single-shot seismic data using the plane wave method to obtain the spatial coordinates of the virtual source point; wherein the virtual source point represents the mirror image of the shot point with respect to the strata. The first determining module is used to determine the seismic data in the virtual source space and the target reflection wave extraction function based on the two-dimensional single-shot seismic data and the spatial coordinates of the virtual source point; wherein the target reflection wave extraction function is a continuous function; The second determining module is used to determine the target reflected wave field data based on the spatial coordinates of the virtual seismic source point, the seismic data in the virtual seismic source space, and the target reflected wave extraction function. The elimination module is used to eliminate the target reflected wave field data from the two-dimensional single-shot seismic data to obtain the diffracted wave field data. The first determining module includes: A focusing unit is used to focus the two-dimensional single-shot seismic data based on the spatial coordinates of the virtual source point to obtain seismic data in the virtual source space. The first determining unit is used to determine the initial reflection wave extraction function based on the two-dimensional single-shot seismic data and the spatial coordinates of the virtual seismic source point; The second determining unit is used to determine the target reflection wave extraction function based on the seismic data in the virtual source space, the initial reflection wave extraction function, and the spatial coordinates of the virtual source point; Specifically, the second determining unit is used for: Based on the seismic data in the virtual source space and the initial reflection wave extraction function, a first reflection wave model in the virtual source space is constructed; Based on the spatial coordinates of the virtual seismic source point, the first reflected wave model is reverse-focused to obtain the initial reflected wave field data. Based on the spatial coordinates of the virtual seismic source point, the initial reflected wave field data is focused to obtain the second reflected wave model in the virtual seismic source space. Based on the second reflection wave model in the virtual source space and the seismic data in the virtual source space, the target reflection wave extraction function is constructed.

5. The shot-gathering seismic diffraction wave separation device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The first determining unit is specifically used for: Based on the two-dimensional single-shot seismic data and the spatial coordinates of the virtual seismic source points, the number of illumination times for each virtual seismic source point in the underground space of the specified geographical area is calculated. An initial reflected wave extraction function is constructed based on the preset upper limit of the number of illuminations and the number of illuminations for all virtual seismic source points in the underground space.

6. An electronic device comprising a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program executable on the processor, characterized in that, When the processor executes the computer program, it implements the shot gathering seismic diffraction wave separation method as described in any one of claims 1 to 3.

7. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium stores computer instructions that, when executed by a processor, implement the shot gather seismic diffraction wave separation method as described in any one of claims 1 to 3.

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