Systems and methods for forming ophthalmic lenses including metamaterial optics

Abstract

The invention relates to a system and method for forming an ophthalmic lens including a metamaterial optic. Ophthalmic lenses and methods of making the same are disclosed. An ophthalmic lens includes metasurface features that define an array of metasurfaces on a lens body. The metasurface array may be adjusted to modify an optical property of the ophthalmic lens, such as glare reduction, using an arrangement of metasurface build elements sized according to the optical wavelength, including smaller than the optical wavelength. The ophthalmic lens may be subjected to physical manipulation, including winding or other folding during the installation process, and thus modified optical properties caused by the array of metasurfaces may be maintained after such manipulation. Ophthalmic lenses may be formed using a molding process in which the array of metasurfaces is associated with a non-solid material and formed into a lens shape with the material.

Description

[0001] This patent application is a divisional application of a patent application with an international application date of July 29, 2020, a national application number of 202080063221.7, and an invention name of “Systems and methods for forming ophthalmic lenses including meta-optical devices”.

[0002] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0003] This patent application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 62 / 879,834, filed on July 29, 2019, and entitled “SYSTEMS AND METHODS FORFORMING OPHTHALMIC LENS INCLUDING META OPTICS FIELD,” the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Technical Field

[0004] The described embodiments relate generally to ophthalmic devices, and more particularly to systems and techniques for modifying the optical properties of a lens using metasurface features. Background Art

[0005] Ophthalmic devices may be used to provide vision correction to a user, treat various diseases, etc. In many conventional applications, the geometry of the device itself is used to induce the desired optical properties of the lens body associated with the treatment, such as via refraction. Many conventional systems have significant disadvantages because the physical properties and size of the device may be constrained by the desired optical properties. This can result in an overly bulky ophthalmic device that can reduce user compliance and adaptability to certain surgical techniques and / or other use cases. Therefore, there remains a need for systems and techniques that facilitate ophthalmic devices that are not constrained in geometry by desired optical properties. Summary of the invention

[0006] Embodiments of the present invention relate to ophthalmic devices or ophthalmic lenses and methods for manufacturing the same. The ophthalmic lens may have a metasurface array that defines one or more metasurface features using a lens body. The metasurface features may be operable to modify the optical properties of the lens, including modified focus, aberration characteristics, glare / halo characteristics, and / or other properties that may be associated with vision correction. The metasurface array may also be operable to define focal lengths relative to corresponding meridians of the lens, such as having a first focal length associated with a first meridian and a second focal length associated with a second meridian, as contemplated herein. The metasurface features may be used to modify the optical properties of the lens without relying on techniques that depend on the geometry of the lens body itself to produce optical effects. In this way, the ophthalmic lenses of the present disclosure may have desired optical effects without having to rely on the geometry of the lens body, thereby enhancing design versatility and expanding manufacturing possibilities, including standardization of lens substrate designs.

[0007] To facilitate the foregoing, the metasurface features may be defined by a metasurface array associated with a lens body. Broadly, the metasurface array may be configured to shift the phase of incident light, which may be achieved using resonance-based effects, including electric resonance effects and magnetic resonance effects. In other cases, the metasurface array may employ a Pancharatnam-Berry phase to facilitate light modification. In other cases, other techniques may be used to shift the phase of incident light. To facilitate the foregoing, the metasurface array may have an arrangement of metasurface construction elements. The arrangement of the metasurface construction elements may be specifically adjusted to interact with light passing through an associated lens body to induce a desired optical effect in an ophthalmic device. For example, the size of the metasurface construction element may be equal to or less than an optical wavelength, such as a periodic wavelength of light. The metasurface construction elements may also be physically arranged in a variety of configurations, including metasurface construction elements having different sizes, groupings, orientations, densities, and the like. In this way, the optical wavelength passing through the associated lens body exhibits characteristics affected by the specific arrangement of the metasurface and elements on the lens body. As outlined herein, this arrangement can be adjusted to induce desired optical properties, including inducing desired vision correction.

[0008] While many examples are disclosed herein, in one embodiment, an ophthalmic lens is disclosed. The ophthalmic lens includes a lens body. The ophthalmic lens also includes a metasurface array on the lens body, the metasurface array having an arrangement of metasurface building elements sized according to an optical wavelength and configured across the lens body to define a reduced glare property of the ophthalmic lens. After physically manipulating the ophthalmic lens for use with an eye, the reduced glare property is maintained.

[0009] Additionally or alternatively, the arrangement of the metasurface construction elements described herein may be used to modify other optical properties of an ophthalmic lens. For example, in one embodiment, the arrangement of the metasurface construction elements is configured across the lens body for halo reduction of an ophthalmic lens. Furthermore, the arrangement of the metasurface construction elements may be configured across the lens body for contrast enhancement of an ophthalmic lens. Contrast enhancement may be measured based on a variety of tests, including the Cambridge Low Contrast Grating Test, the CSV-1000 Test, the Pelli-Robson Test, and / or the Mars Letters Test, among others. Although the specific value of contrast may vary based on the population, the ophthalmic device of the present disclosure may enhance contrast values ​​by up to 5%, up to 10%, up to 15%, or more using one or more of these scales.

[0010] Aberration characteristics may also be modified and corrected. For example, in another embodiment, the arrangement of the metasurface construction elements across the lens body is configured to reduce the aberration characteristics of the lens body. The aberration characteristics may include one or both of chromatic aberration or monochromatic aberration. Vision enhancement using metasurface construction elements is also contemplated herein.

[0011] In some cases, the lens body may be a wide-angle contact lens body. The metasurface construction element may include a dimension that is smaller than a wavelength of light passing through the lens body. The dimension of the metasurface construction element may include a height dimension of the metasurface construction element.

[0012] In another embodiment, the metasurface construction element may include a collection of nanopillars. The collection of nanopillars may include nanopillars of dissimilar shapes. Furthermore, the collection of nanopillars may include nanopillars of dissimilar orientations. In some cases, the collection of nanopillars may define a first density of metasurface construction elements on a first portion of the lens body, and define a second density of metasurface construction elements on a second portion of the lens body, the second density being different from the first density. The first density and the second density may be arranged to induce a modified optical property.

[0013] In another embodiment, the optical property may include one or more focal points of the lens body. In this regard, the metasurface array may be operable to induce optical properties associated with bifocals, progressive additions, and trifocals for vision correction.

[0014] In another embodiment, the optical property may include an astigmatism correction property. In this regard, the metasurface array may be operable to define or modify focal lengths relative to respective meridians of the lens, such as having a first focal length associated with a first meridian and a second focal length associated with a second meridian.

[0015] In another embodiment, modifying the focus may include modifying a dispersed focus. In this regard, the metasurface array may be operable to define the focus as dispersed relative to the central axis of the lens. Additionally or alternatively, this may involve defining or modifying one or more focal points that are focused at a peripheral location disposed at a distance from the fovea. In some cases, the modified focus is configured to control myopia progression.

[0016] In another embodiment, metasurface features can be combined with refractive and / or diffractive based optical zones. For example, a lens can include a central optical zone having a metasurface structure, and a peripheral optical zone surrounding the central optical zone consisting of a refractive and / or diffractive based optical property zone.

[0017] In another embodiment, the lens body can be associated with an eye. In this regard, the arrangement of the metasurface construction elements can be configured to provide vision correction for the eye. The physical manipulation can include winding the ophthalmic lens for insertion into an incision between about 1 mm and 2 mm. As explained herein, in other cases, the incision can be less than 1 mm or greater than 2 mm, and the ophthalmic lens can be configured to be inserted therethrough accordingly. The arrangement of the metasurface construction elements can be maintained after physically manipulating the lens body for use with the eye. The arrangement of the metasurface construction elements can also be maintained after folding the lens body for introduction into a region of the eye during surgery.

[0018] In another embodiment, the ophthalmic lens can be an intraocular lens (IOL). In some cases, the lens body can be substantially flat. The lens body can be a portion having a thickness of about 0.25 mm; in some cases, the thickness can be greater or less than 0.25 mm, depending on the needs of a given application. More generally, the thickness of the lens body and the lens can vary along one or more dimensions of the lens. In this regard, to the extent that the portion of the lens body has a thickness of about 0.25 mm, this is not necessarily a uniform thickness. For example, the optical zone can have a thickness that is different from the thickness of the peripheral zone of the lens.

[0019] In another embodiment, the ophthalmic lens can be a contact lens. The contact lens can include one of a rigid gas permeable ophthalmic lens or a scleral lens. In some cases, the contact lens can be a hybrid lens, including embodiments having a substantially soft periphery.

[0020] Additionally or alternatively, the lens may include a hydrogel component, which may be suitable for certain applications. In some cases, the contact lens may be a molded lens. In addition, any ophthalmic lens described herein may be formed at least in part of a titanium dioxide material. It should be understood that in other cases, other materials may be used and are contemplated herein.

[0021] In another embodiment, a method of manufacturing a foldable ophthalmic lens is disclosed. The method includes forming a metasurface array by establishing a metasurface building element in a matrix. The method also includes forming a lens body having a contour shaped to match the geometry of an eye. The method also includes associating the metasurface array with the lens body to form a foldable ophthalmic lens. The foldable ophthalmic lens is foldable or rollable for introduction into a region of the eye through an incision during surgery. The metasurface is adapted to establish at least one of a low aberration property, a low glare property, or an enhanced contrast property of the foldable ophthalmic lens in a mounted configuration with the eye.

[0022] The foldable ophthalmic lens having a formed metasurface is suitable for insertion into and through a substantially small area of ​​the eye for use in surgery associated with the eye. In some cases, the foldable lens is suitable for insertion into and through an incision having a size of 2.0 mm or less, 1.5 mm or less, or a smaller incision.

[0023] The foldable ophthalmic lens can be inserted through an incision and is configured to modify the optical properties of the eye despite folding, rolling, or other physical manipulation of the lens as the lens is advanced through the incision. The lens body can also be adapted to facilitate physical manipulation of the lens, including having such properties of being substantially flat prior to being folded or rolled for introduction through the incision. In this regard and in some cases, the foldable ophthalmic lens can be an intraocular device having a diameter of less than about 6 mm and a thickness of less than about 0.25 mm, which can facilitate introduction through the incision.

[0024] In another embodiment, the associating operation includes coupling the metasurface array to a non-solid substrate. The non-solid substrate may include a precursor form of a lens body.

[0025] In another embodiment, a molding apparatus may be used to perform an operation of associating a metasurface array with a lens body. The molding apparatus may include a first mold portion configured to receive a metasurface array. The molding apparatus may also include a second mold portion configured to press a lens material against the metasurface array. The lens material may include a liquid lens material in a precursor form that defines the lens body. In this regard, the operation of forming the lens body may further include distributing the liquid lens material along the metasurface array by combining the first mold portion and the second mold portion. In some cases, the operation of forming the lens body may also include curing the liquid lens material to form the lens body.

[0026] In another embodiment, the substrate may include a sacrificial substrate configured to be at least partially removed after the associated operation. The operation of forming a metasurface array may include patterning an amorphous silicon layer to form nanopillars defining metasurface building elements. The nanopillars may have a size equal to or less than an optical wavelength. In some cases, the patterning operation includes defining an arrangement of nanopillars adjusted to the contour of the lens body. The operation of forming a metasurface array may also include one or both of photolithography or dry etching. The operation of forming a metasurface array may also include associating the nanopillars with a matrix material that forms the substrate. The matrix material may include polydimethylsiloxane, among other possible materials.

[0027] In another embodiment, the operation of forming the metasurface array includes forming a releasable sheet configured to adhere to an outer surface of the lens body during the operation of associating the metasurface array with the lens body.

[0028] In another embodiment, a method of manufacturing a standardized ophthalmic lens is disclosed. The method includes providing a set of standardized lens bodies. The method also includes producing a first ophthalmic lens by associating a first metasurface array with a first lens body in the set of standardized lens bodies. The method also includes producing a second ophthalmic lens by associating a second metasurface array with a second lens body in the set of standardized lens bodies. The first metasurface array and the second metasurface array have different arrangements of metasurface building elements, thereby causing different optical properties of the standardized lens bodies of the first ophthalmic lens and the second ophthalmic lens.

[0029] In another embodiment, the standardized lens body can have a portion having a thickness of about 0.25 mm or less. In some cases, the standardized lens body can be substantially flat.

[0030] In another embodiment, the standardized lens body may include tactile features for an intraocular lens. In other cases, the first ophthalmic device and the second ophthalmic device are contact lenses including rigid gas permeable ophthalmic lenses or scleral lenses.

[0031] In another embodiment, the first ophthalmic lens may have a first focal point and the second ophthalmic lens may have a second focal point different from the first focal point.The metasurfaces of both the first ophthalmic lens and the second ophthalmic lens may have a size equal to or smaller than the optical wavelength.

[0032] In another embodiment, the operation of producing the first ophthalmic lens or the second ophthalmic lens may further include associating a respective one of the first metasurface array or the second metasurface array with a non-solid substrate including a precursor form of any standardized lens body.

[0033] In another embodiment, associating the first metasurface array or the second metasurface array with a respective one of the first lens body or the second lens body may further include dispensing a non-solid substrate using a molding process. The non-solid substrate may be curable to form a respective one of the first ophthalmic lens or the second ophthalmic lens.

[0034] It should be understood that the different optical properties can be one or more of the optical properties described herein. For example, the different optical properties of the standardized lens body can include reduced glare characteristics of the ophthalmic lens, halo reduction, contrast enhancement and / or aberration correction can also be adjusted and customized for individual lens bodies in the standardized lens body set, as described herein.

[0035] In addition to the exemplary aspects and embodiments described above, further aspects and embodiments will become apparent by reference to the drawings and by study of the following descriptions. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] The present disclosure will be readily understood through the following detailed description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which like reference numerals denote like structural elements, and in which:

[0037] Figure 1A An embodiment of an ophthalmic lens having a first focal point is depicted;

[0038] Figure 1B Describing embodiments of an ophthalmic lens having a metasurface array that induces a secondary focus;

[0039] Figure 1C Depicting embodiments of ophthalmic lenses having a metasurface array on the other side of the lens body and inducing a secondary focus;

[0040] Figure 1D A metasurface building element of an ophthalmic lens of the present disclosure is depicted;

[0041] Figure 2A A standardized lens body having a first focal point is depicted;

[0042] Figure 2B A standardized lens body having a secondary focus is depicted;

[0043] Figure 2C A standardized lens body with a third focal point is depicted;

[0044] Figure 3A depicting a first lens body having a predetermined focal point;

[0045] Figure 3B Describes the Figure 3Aa second lens body having a predetermined focal point;

[0046] Figure 3C Describes the Figure 3A a third lens body having a predetermined focal point;

[0047] Figure 4A A sample intraocular lens including a metasurface array is depicted;

[0048] Figure 4B Depicted Figure 4A Illustrative cross-section of an intraocular lens;

[0049] Figure 4C depicts a cross-sectional view of one embodiment of an ophthalmic lens for directing light to an eye in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure;

[0050] Figure 4D depicts a cross-sectional view of one embodiment of an ophthalmic lens for directing light to an eye in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure;

[0051] Figure 4E depicts a cross-sectional view of one embodiment of an ophthalmic lens for directing light to an eye in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure;

[0052] Figure 4F is a partial cross-sectional perspective view of one embodiment of an ophthalmic lens having features for directing light off-axis toward a peripheral region of the retina in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure;

[0053] Figure 5A depicts another intraocular lens having an array of metasurfaces in a predetermined arrangement;

[0054] Figure 5B Depicted in a folded configuration for association with the eye during surgery Figure 5A intraocular lenses;

[0055] Figure 5C depicts a device in an eye-mounted configuration and having substantially Figure 5A Predetermined configuration of metasurface arrays Figure 5A intraocular lenses;

[0056] Fig. 6A depicts a sample contact lens having an array of metasurfaces in a predetermined arrangement;

[0057] Figure 6B Depicted is a manipulation configuration for association with the exterior of the eye Fig. 6A contact lenses;

[0058] Figure 6C Depicts a device in an externally mounted configuration relative to an eye and having substantially Fig. 6A Predetermined configuration of metasurface arrays Fig. 6A contact lenses;

[0059] Fig. 7A A lateral view of a patient with a modified visual field is depicted;

[0060] Figure 7B Depicts a modified field of view Fig. 7A Top view of a patient;

[0061] Fig. 8A Depicting the operation of associating a metasurface array with a lens body using a molding process;

[0062] Figure 8B depicts another operation of associating a metasurface array with a lens body using a molding process;

[0063] Figure 8C depicts another operation of associating a metasurface array with a lens body using a molding process;

[0064] Fig.8D depicts another operation of associating a metasurface array with a lens body using a molding process;

[0065] Fig. 9A Depicting the operation of associating a metasurface array with a lens body;

[0066] Fig. 9B Another operation of associating a metasurface array with a lens body is depicted;

[0067] Fig. 10A An operation of forming a metasurface array on a lens body is depicted;

[0068] Fig. 10B Another operation of forming a metasurface array on a lens body is depicted;

[0069] Fig.11 depicts a flow chart for manufacturing an ophthalmic lens; and

[0070] Fig.12 A flow chart for manufacturing standardized ophthalmic lenses is depicted.

[0071] Cross-hatching or shading is generally used in the drawings to clarify boundaries between adjacent elements and to facilitate legibility of the drawings. Thus, the presence or absence of cross-hatching or shading does not convey or indicate any preference or requirement for particular materials, material properties, element proportions, element sizes, commonality of similarly illustrated elements, or any other characteristic, attribute, or property of any element illustrated in the drawings.

[0072] In addition, it should be understood that the proportions and sizes (relative or absolute) of the various features and elements (collections and groupings thereof), as well as the boundaries, spacings, and positional relationships presented therebetween, are provided in the accompanying drawings only to facilitate understanding of the various embodiments described herein, and therefore, may not necessarily be presented or illustrated to scale, and are not intended to indicate any preference or requirement for the illustrated embodiments to exclude embodiments described with reference thereto. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0073] The following description includes sample systems, methods, and apparatus that embody various elements of the present disclosure. However, it should be understood that the described disclosure may be practiced in a variety of forms other than those described herein.

[0074] The present disclosure describes systems, devices, and techniques related to ophthalmic lenses (also referred to herein as "ophthalmic devices" or variations thereof). The ophthalmic lens may have a metasurface array that defines, includes, or is otherwise associated with a metasurface feature of the ophthalmic lens. The metasurface features may be specifically adjusted to modify the optical properties of the lens without having to rely on the geometry of the lens to produce the desired optical effect. For example, the metasurface features may be configured across the body of the lens to reduce the glare properties of the lens, including facilitating halo reduction and / or contrast enhancement and other optical properties described herein. Thus, embodiments of the present disclosure go beyond conventional techniques for providing vision correction or other therapeutic purposes, for example, by using metasurface features to change the optical properties of the lens. Conventional techniques would limit the lens design to an overly bulky structure or to a design that limits the adaptability of the lens. This may result in larger incisions and discomfort, as an example, this may be the case with an intraocular lens. These conventional techniques may also limit light and, therefore, reduce the sensitivity of the lens, among other things.

[0075] The ophthalmic lenses of the present disclosure can alleviate such obstacles, thereby allowing the lenses to be designed without at least some geometric limitations. This can expand the ability to correct and modify optical properties across a larger range of lens geometries, including expansion beyond previous technologies to reduce glare and correct other optical properties on various lens sizes. To illustrate, an ophthalmic lens can provide a metasurface array on a lens body. The metasurface array operates to modify the optical properties of a lens body, a lens, or a device more generally, and can be adapted to the geometry of the lens, whether the lens is standardized or customized for certain therapeutic purposes. For example, the metasurface array can be configured to modify the properties of light propagating through the lens body. This can include using a metasurface array to produce an electric resonance effect, a magnetic resonance effect, and / or other appropriate effects to cause various changes in one or more optical properties associated with the lens. For example, in some cases, the metasurface array can employ a Pancharatnam-Berry phase to modify the light described herein. In other cases, as contemplated herein, other techniques can be used to shift the phase of the incident light. This can be facilitated by sizing the metasurface construction elements to be equal to or smaller than the optical wavelength, such as 400 nm or smaller, among other possible sizes. Metasurface construction elements can also be arranged in a predetermined configuration within a metasurface array and / or on a lens body to produce a desired optical effect, including having certain shapes, sizes, orientations, groupings, densities, patterns, etc. As an example, the shape, size, orientation, grouping, density, and / or pattern of features of a metasurface array can be adjusted to reduce glare characteristics of a lens, in addition to other optical effects.

[0076] In one embodiment, the metasurface construction elements can be defined by nanopillars. The nanopillars can be or are formed of amorphous silicon nanopillars. It should be understood that other materials can also be used. The nanopillars can be arranged in a matrix material, such as a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrate. The substrate can help to maintain or position the nanopillars in a desired orientation. The substrate can also facilitate the deposition of nanopillars on a target surface (e.g., a lens body) in a desired orientation. As explained herein, this can allow metasurface arrays to be used with a variety of lens surfaces and configurations, including substantially rotationally symmetric lenses, rotationally asymmetric lenses, and variations thereof. Such adaptability can also allow metasurface arrays to be used with different lens types, including intraocular lenses and contact lenses, such as rigid gas permeable lenses and / or scleral lenses, as a few examples. However, it should be understood that example lenses are described for illustrative purposes, and the ophthalmic lenses described herein can be used in a variety of scenarios. For example, in another embodiment, the ophthalmic lens can be a hybrid lens, including a lens with a soft periphery. Additionally or alternatively, the lens may include a hydrogel component. As other examples, as contemplated herein, the ophthalmic lens may be applied to various intracorneal lenses, corneal inlays, corneal onlays, and implantable contact lens contexts. In other cases, other applications are possible.

[0077] The ophthalmic lenses of the present disclosure may be subjected to physical manipulation during use and installation. The metasurface arrays described herein allow for target optical properties to be maintained after such physical manipulation. Thus, the ophthalmic lenses exhibit a durability consistent with the intended use of the lenses, wherein the metasurface features are sufficiently robust to withstand the intended use. For example, the ophthalmic lenses may be foldable lenses that may be folded, rolled, or otherwise physically manipulated, such as may be accomplished during association with the eye during surgery. The metasurface arrays may withstand such physical manipulation, continuing to appropriately modify the target optical properties after the manipulation has ceased.

[0078] Due to this durability, the ophthalmic device can be adapted to a variety of intraocular lens scenarios. An intraocular lens can be associated with a user's eye in a surgical procedure for permanent or semi-permanent use. This typically involves forming an incision in the eye and inserting a folded intraocular lens through the incision for introduction into a mounting position in the eye. In this regard, the ophthalmic lenses described herein can be folded for insertion through such an incision. And when unfolded and associated with a mounting position in the eye, the ophthalmic lens can maintain or otherwise exhibit a desired optical effect caused by the metasurface features.

[0079] The ophthalmic device of the present disclosure can also be customized for use as an intraocular lens, because the metasurface array facilitates the manufacture of a lens body that is substantially free of geometric considerations. The lens body can also be configured to be folded or rolled in a certain manner to fit through an incision that is substantially smaller than traditional methods, thereby reducing the risk of complications. For example, the device can be folded or rolled to fit an incision between about 1 mm and 2 mm, including being able to fit through an incision of less than 1 mm in some cases. For example, as a non-limiting example, the lens body of the present disclosure can be substantially flat and have a thickness of 0.25 mm. It should be understood that the thickness of the lens body and the lens more generally can vary along one or more dimensions of the lens. In this regard, with respect to a portion of the lens body having a thickness of about 0.25 mm, this is not necessarily a uniform thickness. For example, the optical zone can have a different thickness from the peripheral zone of the lens. The thickness of the lens can facilitate folding the lens. In some cases, the diameter of the lens can also facilitate folding the lens to introduce it into the incision, such as when the lens presents a 6 mm diameter. In contrast, a conventional intraocular lens may require a larger incision to be installed. Additionally, a large incision site increases the risk of complications during surgery, such as infection.

[0080] To facilitate the aforementioned ophthalmic lens designs and functions, a variety of manufacturing techniques are disclosed herein. Broadly speaking, the manufacturing techniques can allow for standardized substrates that define or form a portion of the lens body. This can significantly reduce manufacturing costs and facilitate the incorporation of a wide variety of lens parameters in a device. For example, because optical properties, such as those associated with vision correction, are adjusted via a metasurface array, the geometry of the lens shape can be substantially standardized across a spectrum of ophthalmic devices with different optical properties. Conversely, by adjusting the metasurface array accordingly, a range of different lens geometries can have similar optical properties.

[0081] In one embodiment, an ophthalmic lens of the present disclosure may be produced using a molding process. For example, a first mold portion of a molding apparatus may be configured to receive a metasurface array. As described herein, the array may include an arrangement of metasurface building elements, such as silicon nanopillars arranged in a predetermined configuration. A lens material, such as a liquid lens material, may be substantially applied to the metasurface array within the molding apparatus, coupling the metasurface array to a non-solid substrate. A second mold portion of the molding apparatus may be used to form a lens shape from the liquid lens material and the metasurface array. For example, the second mold portion may advance toward the first mold portion to distribute the liquid lens material over the metasurface array, such that each metasurface array is adapted to form a mold shape substantially defined by the first mold portion and the second mold portion. A curing process may be used to form a final lens body associated with the metasurface array.

[0082] In this regard, the molding process can be adjusted to produce a standardized lens body geometry that is substantially defined by the molding equipment. However, while the geometry is standardized, the optical properties of each manufactured lens can be different, for example, based on the arrangement of the metasurface array. Manufacturing costs can be reduced without reconfiguring machining and other parameters traditionally associated with manufacturing different lens geometries. The process can also be adapted for ultra-fine tuning of optical parameters using a metasurface array, where the geometry of the lens body is relatively constant.

[0083] It should be understood that other manufacturing methods are possible and are encompassed herein, including methods for producing lens bodies of different sizes and geometries. For example, the aforementioned molding process can achieve molds of different sizes and configurations, as may be required for different ophthalmic lens types (e.g., intraocular lenses, contact lenses, etc.), including adjusting the mold or mold settings for treating different conditions, including for treating eyes with asymmetric profiles. Other manufacturing techniques may use lathe processing to form some or all of the lens body, which is subsequently associated with the metasurface array. For example, the metasurface array can be manufactured separately from the lens body and formed into a peelable sheet or other structure that is subsequently associated with the lens body. In other cases, the metasurface array can be formed more directly on the surface of the lens body, such as by dry etching or photolithography processes. In other cases, other techniques are possible and described herein.

[0084] Reference will now be made to the accompanying drawings, which help illustrate the various features of the present disclosure. The following description is presented for the purpose of illustration and description. In addition, the description is not intended to limit the inventive aspects to the form disclosed herein. Therefore, changes and modifications commensurate with the following teachings and the technology and knowledge of the relevant fields are within the scope of the present invention.

[0085] Figure 1A An ophthalmic lens 100 is depicted. The ophthalmic lens 100 includes a lens body 104 having a rear surface 106a and a front surface 106b. As described herein, the lens body 104 can be configured to have a variety of different optical and structural properties. In this regard, the lens body 104 can have an optical zone 110 through which light passes and produces a given optical effect. For example, light can propagate from the front surface 106b generally along a path 112, and light can propagate from the rear surface 106a along a path 114a. The path 114a can generally converge toward a focal point 116 separated from the rear surface 106a by a predetermined distance. The lens body 104 can also have various other structural features that can be suitable for providing structural stability to the lens, such as to adapt the lens to be properly positioned on the eye. This can generally be defined by a tangential region 108 that substantially surrounds the optical zone 110.

[0086] Figure 1A The ophthalmic lens 100 is shown without metasurface features or other elements that would otherwise affect the placement of light, such as a metasurface array. In this manner, the paths 112, 114a can be substantially determined based on the geometry of the lens body 104. For example, as light passes through the body 104, the convex profile of the front surface 106b can cause the light to transition from and between the paths 112 and 114a. Figure 1A Thus a conventional technique is illustrated wherein the geometry of the lens body 104 is to be adjusted in order to modify the optical properties of the lens, such as focus.

[0087] The embodiments described herein allow modification of the optical properties of a lens without having to rely on or adjust the geometric properties of the underlying lens structure. Metasurface features may be associated with the lens body 104 , such as using a metasurface array, to modify the properties of the ophthalmic lens 100 .

[0088] in this regard, Figure 1B An embodiment of an ophthalmic lens 100 is depicted having a metasurface array 150 associated with a lens body 104. Light propagates from the back side 106a along a new path, substantially converging at a focal point 116', through the association of the metasurface array 150. As explained in more detail below, the metasurface array 150 may include, define or be a metasurface or constitute metasurface features that operate to direct light along a new direction or path. Figure 1B Magnified and illustrative metasurface features are shown for illustration purposes. Figure 1A and Figure 1B The lens bodies 104 may have the same structure, for example, formed by a set of standardized lens bodies, and due to the introduction of the metasurface array 150, Figure 1B The focus 116' is different from Figure 1A The focus 116. For illustrative purposes, the metasurface array 150 is shown associated with the front surface 106b. In other cases, for example Figure 1C As shown, the metasurface array 150 can be associated with the rear surface 106a. Associating the metasurface array 150 with the rear surface 106a can also cause the focal point 116', such as Figure 1C shown.

[0089] It should be understood that Figures 1A to 1CThe change in focus caused by the introduction of the metasurface array 150 is shown. In other cases, other optical properties may be optionally modified or maintained as facilitated by the metasurface array 150. Sample optical properties may include aberration properties of the lens body, which may be reduced by the introduction of the metasurface array 150. For example, the metasurface array 150 may be adapted to facilitate correction of chromatic aberrations, monochromatic aberrations, and the like. As another example, the optical properties may include glare properties of the lens body, which may be reduced by the metasurface array. For example, as an example, the glare properties may be measured using a unified glare rating. The Unified Glare Rating (UGR) is typically classified in the range of 5 to 40. Lower numbers correspond to lower glare. The UGR may be reduced using the metasurface arrays described herein. For illustration, using the ophthalmic device described herein, the UGR value may be reduced by up to 5%, up to 10%, up to 15%, or more in a given lighting environment. In other cases, other optical properties may be modified or maintained, including those associated with vision correction, disease treatment, therapeutic uses, cosmetic functions, etc., including for treating color blindness.

[0090] While it should be understood that many combinations of optical properties and effects can be achieved, in one embodiment, the optical properties can include one or more focal points of the lens body. In this regard, the metasurface array can be operated to induce optical properties associated with bifocals, progressive additions, and trifocals for vision correction.

[0091] As another example, the optical property may include an astigmatism correction property. In this regard, the metasurface array may be operable to define or modify focal lengths relative to respective meridians of the lens, such as having a first focal length associated with a first meridian and a second focal length associated with a second meridian.

[0092] As another example, modifying the focus may include modifying a dispersed focus. In this regard, the metasurface array may be operable to define the focus as dispersed relative to the central axis of the lens. Additionally or alternatively, this may involve defining or modifying one or more focal points that are focused at a peripheral location disposed at a distance from the fovea.

[0093] In another embodiment, metasurface features can be combined with refractive and / or diffractive based optical zones. For example, a lens can include a central optical zone having a metasurface structure, a peripheral optical zone surrounding the central optical zone consisting of a refractive and / or diffractive based optical property zone.

[0094] It should be understood that the lens body 104 can be of any appropriate geometry that can be suitable for a particular application. In some cases, the lens body 104 can have a standardized geometry to facilitate efficient manufacturing of lenses in significantly high volumes. Although the geometry is standardized, the metasurface array 150 can be adjusted to induce different optical effects in certain lenses, such as reduction in glare characteristics, halo reduction, aberration correction, etc. In other cases, the lens body 104 can have a geometry customized for a specific patient. This can be the case for certain therapeutic uses of the lens, such as where the lens is associated with eye surgery and a custom fit is required. In this regard, despite the customized lens geometry, the metasurface array 150 can still be adjusted to produce the desired optical effect. Wide-angle lenses, such as those having wide-angle contact lens bodies, as well as other lens shapes can also be appropriately used.

[0095] Figure 1D A perspective view of an ophthalmic lens 100 having a lens body 104 and a metasurface array 150 is shown. Figure 1D Sample structures and compositions of arrays 150 are shown that may facilitate the functionality of various ophthalmic devices described herein. It should be understood that the structures of metasurface arrays are depicted for illustrative purposes and include exaggerated features intended to illustrate the present disclosure rather than provide an indication of actual size scale.

[0096] The lens body 104 is shown as having a substantially rotationally symmetrical profile, as may be used for various types of vision correction. In other cases, the lens body 104 may form a substantially non-rotationally symmetrical profile, an irregular profile, and / or include substantially flat portions, as appropriate for a given application. In this manner, Figures 1A to 1C The front surface 106b of the lens body 104 is non-planar and curved in a manner that can be configured to match the geometry of the eye. The metasurface array 150 is adapted to be associated with the non-planar outer layer of the lens body 104, such as Figure 1D In other cases, the metasurface array 150 can be associated with other surfaces of the lens body 104, including embodiments in which some, but not necessarily all, of the lens body is associated with the array.

[0097] Broadly speaking, the metasurface array 150 operates to modify the optical properties of the ophthalmic lens 100. As described above, this can include changing the focal point of the lens from one lens to another across a wide spectrum of available optical properties. Figure 1A Focus 116 was modified to Figure 1B To facilitate such modification of optical properties, the metasurface array 150 may include an arrangement of metasurface building elements 160, such as Figure 1D as shown in .

[0098] While the metasurface construction element 160 may take many forms, the element 160 is Figure 1D is shown as including a collection of nanopillars. The nanopillars can be physical structures arranged in a predetermined manner relative to the surface of the lens body 104 so as to affect or modify light propagating therethrough. For example, the size of the nanopillars can be less than the periodic wavelength of the light, such as about 400 nm or less in some cases. The size and arrangement of the nanopillars along the surface of the lens body can cause certain effects that change or modify the light that impacts the pillars, which can include electrical resonance effects, magnetic resonance effects, and / or other appropriate effects that operate to modify the light. For example, in some cases, the metasurface array can employ the Pancharatnam-Berry phase to modify the light described herein. In other cases, as contemplated herein, other techniques can be used to shift the phase of the incident light. For example, a collection of nanopillars can work together to modify the optical properties of the lens, such as modifying the focus of the lens and / or other features that can optionally be associated with vision correction.

[0099] The nanopillars can be formed from a variety of materials in order to produce the desired optical effect. For example, the nanopillars can be formed from amorphous silicon. Additionally or alternatively, titanium dioxide and / or silver dioxide materials can form some or all of the nanopillars. As described in more detail below, the nanopillars can be formed by an etching process, including the use of photolithography. In this way, a starting material or substrate layer, such as an amorphous silicon layer, can be etched to form a collection of nanopillars having a desired shape. The collection of nanopillars can then be associated with the lens body in a variety of ways, including using a molding process and / or a strippable sheet, as described below with respect to FIG. 8A to FIG. 10B In other cases, other manufacturing techniques may be used and are contemplated herein.

[0100] exist Figure 1DIn the example of FIG. 1 , the metasurface array 150 is shown to include a metasurface building element 160. The metasurface building element 160 may be one of many metasurface building elements arranged in a matrix 154 of the metasurface array 150. The matrix 154 may be used to associate a metasurface building element, such as the metasurface building element 160, with the lens body 104. For example, in certain embodiments, the matrix 154 may be formed of a polydimethylsiloxane material and / or other materials, including polymers and flexible substrates. In some cases, the matrix 154 may have adhesive properties that allow the matrix 154 to be bonded or otherwise attached to the lens body 104. The matrix 154 may be used as a sacrificial matrix, where some or all of the matrix 154 is removed prior to use of the ophthalmic lens 100 by a user. In other cases, the matrix 154 may remain completely intact during use of the ophthalmic device 100, including cases where the matrix completely and / or at least partially surrounds the metasurface building element to facilitate maintaining a desired orientation and arrangement for inducing a desired optical effect.

[0101] As described herein, a metasurface construction element can be defined by a collection of nanopillars. Figure 1D In the example of FIG. 1 , the metasurface construction element 160 is shown as being defined by nanopillars 164. The nanopillars may have a shape, size, orientation, and / or other characteristics or properties so as to produce a desired optical effect. For example, the nanopillars 164 may have a substantially hexagonal shape, such as Figure 1D As shown; however, this is not required. In other cases, other shapes can be considered, including rectangular, circular and / or irregular or asymmetric shapes, as well as other possible shapes. As described herein, such characteristics of nanopillars 164 can be adjusted to induce desired optical properties.

[0102] In some embodiments, at least a portion of the nanorods 164 can be directly associated with the matrix 154. For illustration purposes, Figure 1D A matrix portion 168 of the nanopillars 164 is shown. The matrix portion 168 can be the portion of the nanopillars 164 that is surrounded by the matrix 154, thereby facilitating the association of the nanopillars 164 with the lens body 104. In some cases, the matrix portion 168 can include all or substantially all of the nanopillars 164, while in other cases, the matrix portion 168 can include a reduced amount or alternatively be removed or located on the bottom surface of the nanopillars 164, as appropriate for a given application.

[0103] In this regard, the nanopillars 164 are arranged in a particular configuration to promote the desired optical effects herein. The nanopillars 164 can generally be maintained in this configuration by physical manipulation of the ophthalmic lens using the matrix 154 and / or other structures, substrates, or methods, such as manipulation of the lens during surgery (e.g., for intraocular lens embodiments) and / or external use in a contact lens environment. For illustration, Figure 1D A metasurface building element 160 is shown that includes nanopillars 164 that are in a sustainably upright configuration relative to the surface of the lens body 104 and are hexagonal in shape. Figure 1D Also shown are nanopillars having a pillar height 167, which may be sized according to the optical wavelength, including less than the periodic wavelength of light. In this regard, pillar height 167 may be 400 nm or less. In other cases, pillar height 167 may be greater than 400 nm, such as about 500 nm, 900 nm, or greater, as appropriate for the desired optical properties. It should be understood that height 167 is presented as a sample size. Additionally or alternatively, nanopillars 164 may have other dimensions or less than the periodic wavelength of light, including width, thickness, etc.

[0104] Given the physical properties of the metasurface construction element 160 outlined above, the behavior of light passing through the lens body 104 can be modified. For example, and as follows FIG. 2A to FIG. 2C As shown in more detail in , the physical properties of a metasurface can be used to change the focus of a lens. The cumulative optical effect of a lens can be affected by the metasurface features of the metasurface array 150. For example, an optical property such as focal length can be modified for the entire lens based on the arrangement of a collection of metasurface building elements, including the specific configuration and physical properties of the metasurface building elements. For example, a collection of metasurface building elements of the metasurface array 150 can include individual metasurface building elements including nanopillars having dissimilar shapes, dissimilar heights, orientations, etc. Such differences can allow for ultra-fine tuning of the optical properties of a lens, as well as adjusting unique geometries of a lens, as described below with respect to FIG. 3A to FIG. 3B Described in more detail.

[0105] To illustrate, Figure 1DA second metasurface construction element 160' is shown. As an example, the second metasurface construction element 160' may have a different orientation, size, and shape than the metasurface construction element 160. The different shape of the second metasurface construction element 160' may therefore affect light in a different manner than the metasurface construction element 160. This may be desirable, for example, where the second metasurface construction element 160' is disposed at a portion of the lens body 104 that is geometrically different than the metasurface construction element 160, and therefore interacts with light in a different manner. Furthermore, it may be desirable to cause light to interact with the metasurface construction elements in a different manner to achieve a combined optical effect of light interacting with the metasurface construction element 160 and the second metasurface construction element 160', including combined effects that may be obtained with reduced glare and aberrations. Cosmetic applications are also contemplated, including affecting color.

[0106] Figure 1D It is also shown that in addition to the physical characteristics of the Metasurface building elements outlined above, the density and grouping of the Metasurface building elements can also be modified along the surface of the lens body 104. For example, it may be desirable to have a higher concentration of Metasurface building elements at one zone of the lens and a lower concentration of Metasurface building elements at another zone of the lens. For example, in the case of a curved lens, such a difference can account for the curvature of the lens. Additionally or alternatively, it can facilitate modification of the various optical effects described herein.

[0107] in this regard, Figure 1D A metasurface array is shown including a first portion 122a having a first density of metasurface building elements. Figure 1D Also shown is a metasurface array 150 having a second portion 122b having a second density of metasurface building elements. In some cases, the metasurface building elements may define a gradient between the density of portion 122a and portion 122b. In other cases, the density change between portions 122a, 122b may be abrupt or discontinuous, including having portions of the metasurface array substantially free of metasurface building elements, as appropriate for a given application.

[0108] In this regard, it should be understood that a collection of nanopillars or any metasurface construction elements described herein can be used to induce a combined optical effect with the geometry of the lens. For example, the lens body 104 can have a geometry that exhibits certain optical properties associated with light diffraction and / or refraction. The collection of nanopillars can therefore operate to affect the characteristics of light passing through the lens body caused by the diffraction and / or refraction associated with the lens body 104. This can be beneficial, for example, in situations where the geometry of the lens body is used to provide a certain therapeutic effect, including a geometry that allows for a specific fit of the lens to the patient's eye.

[0109] Metasurface arrays and embodiments herein can be used to induce a variety of different optical properties on lenses having geometrically identical or similar lens bodies. For example, metasurface arrays can employ metasurface features to induce optical changes, rather than relying solely on the geometry of the lens body. To illustrate the foregoing, FIG. 2A to FIG. 2C A series of ophthalmic lenses of a common or standardized lens body are shown, each ophthalmic lens having different optical properties, such as each ophthalmic lens having a different focal point. For example, metasurface arrays such as those discussed above can be different and adjusted for each of the individual ophthalmic devices to induce different optical effects for devices with the same or similar lens geometry.

[0110] Reference Figure 2A , an ophthalmic lens 200a is shown. The ophthalmic lens 200a has a lens body 204 and is associated with a metasurface array 250a. The metasurface array 250a may include an arrangement of metasurface building elements to facilitate the ophthalmic lens 200a in directing light along a path 214a toward a focal point 216a.

[0111] Reference Figure 2B , an ophthalmic lens 200b is shown. The ophthalmic lens 200b has a lens body 204, which can be Figure 2A The lens body 204 is similar or identical to the lens body 204. Figure 2B The lens body 204 is associated with a metasurface array 250b, which may be different from the metasurface array 250a. For example, the metasurface array 250b may include metasurface building elements having different sizes, shapes, orientations, densities, etc., than the metasurface array 250a. In this way, the metasurface array 250b may operate to induce different optical properties of the ophthalmic lens 200b, even though the lens body 204 is geometrically the same or similar to the optical properties of the ophthalmic lens 200a. Figure 2B As shown, the metasurface building elements of the metasurface array 250b may be arranged to facilitate the ophthalmic lens 200b to direct light along a path 214b toward a focal point 216b that is different from the focal point 216a.

[0112] Reference Figure 2C , an ophthalmic lens 200c is shown. The ophthalmic lens 200c has a lens body 204, which can be Figure 2A Or the lens body 204 of 2B is similar or identical. Figure 2C The lens body 204 is associated with a metasurface array 250c, which may be different from the metasurface arrays 250a and / or 250b. For example, the metasurface array 250c may include metasurface building elements having different sizes, shapes, orientations, densities, etc., than the metasurface arrays 250a and / or 250b. In this way, the metasurface array 250c may operate to induce different optical properties of the ophthalmic lens 200c, even though the lens body 204 is geometrically the same or similar to the optical properties of the ophthalmic lenses 200a and / or 200b. Figure 2C As shown in , the metasurface building elements of the metasurface array 250c can be arranged to facilitate the ophthalmic lens 200c to direct light along the path 214c toward a focal point 216c that is different from the focal points 216a, 216b.

[0113] Therefore, the lens body 204 can be produced by a standardized process, such as FIG. 8A to FIG. 10B As shown. For example, the lens body 204 can be one of a set of standardized lens shapes. This can reduce manufacturing complexity, allowing the optical properties of the resulting ophthalmic lens to be substantially defined by the metasurface array rather than by the geometric properties of the lens body. It should be understood that FIG. 2A to FIG. 2C A change in focus is shown as an illustrative optical property that can be modified as a result of a metasurface array. In other cases, more or different optical properties can be modified, including those related to aberrations, glare, vision correction, etc.

[0114] Metasurface arrays and embodiments herein may also be used to introduce substantially the same optical properties to lenses having entirely different geometries. For example, a metasurface array may employ metasurface features that induce optical changes, rather than relying solely on geometry to induce optical effects. In this way, metasurface features may be tuned to account for the geometry of the lens body in order to affect light passing through the lens body to exhibit common optical properties. This is beneficial in situations where, for example, lenses of different sizes and shapes, such as those used to treat a variety of different pathologies, each have a common focal point or other commonly desired optical property on the different lens types. To illustrate the foregoing, FIG. 3A to FIG. 3CA series of ophthalmic lenses are shown, each having substantially the same focal point, but having geometrically dissimilar lens bodies. For example, metasurface arrays such as those discussed above can be different and tuned with respect to each of the individual ophthalmic devices to induce a common optical effect on devices having different lens geometries.

[0115] Reference Figure 3A , an ophthalmic lens 300a is shown. The ophthalmic lens 300a has a lens body 304a and is associated with a metasurface array 350a. The metasurface array 350a may include an arrangement of metasurface building elements to facilitate the ophthalmic lens 300a to direct light along a path 314a toward a focal point 316.

[0116] Reference Figure 3B , an ophthalmic lens 300b is shown. The ophthalmic lens 300b has a lens body 304b, which may be different in geometry from Figure 3A The lens body 304a. Figure 3B The lens body 304b is associated with a metasurface array 350b, which may be different from the metasurface array 350a. For example, the metasurface array 350b may include metasurface building elements having different sizes, shapes, orientations, densities, etc. than the metasurface array 350a. In this way, the metasurface array 350b may operate to induce common optical properties (e.g., focal point 316) of the ophthalmic lens 300b, even though the lens body 304b is geometrically different from the lens body of the ophthalmic lens 300a. Figure 3B As shown, the metasurface building elements of the metasurface array 350b can be arranged to facilitate the ophthalmic lens 300b to direct light along the path 314b toward the focal point 316, which is Figure 3A The focal points 310 of the ophthalmic lenses 300a are the same or substantially similar.

[0117] Reference Figure 3C , an ophthalmic lens 300c is shown. The ophthalmic lens 300c has a lens body 304c, which may be different in geometry from Figure 3A The lens body 304a and / or Figure 3B The lens body 304b. Figure 3CThe lens body 304c is associated with a metasurface array 350c, which can be different from the metasurface arrays 350a and / or 350b. For example, the metasurface array 350c can include metasurface building elements having different sizes, shapes, orientations, densities, etc. than the metasurface arrays 350a and / or 350b. In this way, the metasurface array 350c can operate to induce common optical properties (e.g., focal point 316) of the ophthalmic lens 300c, even though the lens body 304c is geometrically different from the lens bodies of the ophthalmic lenses 300a, 300b. Figure 3C As shown, the metasurface construction elements of the metasurface array 350c can be arranged to facilitate the ophthalmic lens 300c to direct light along a path 314c toward a focal point 316 that is aligned with the ophthalmic lens 300c. Figure 3A The ophthalmic lens 300a and Figure 3B The focal point 316 of the ophthalmic lens 300b is the same or substantially similar.

[0118] It should be understood that FIG. 3A to FIG. 3C A change in focus is shown as an exemplary optical property that may be modified as a result of a metasurface array. In other cases, more or different optical properties may be modified, including those associated with aberrations, glare, vision correction, etc.

[0119] The metasurface arrays described herein can be used in a wide range of applications, including applications where the lens is configured for installation during a surgical procedure or otherwise installed by a medical practitioner. As an example, the metasurface array can be used in a lens or lens system that includes or defines an intraocular device or lens. Intraocular lenses can be used to treat cataracts or myopia and are therefore typically associated with the eye during a surgical procedure. The metasurface array used with an intraocular lens can allow the lens body to exhibit a variety of different physical properties, for example, because the modification of light and optical properties can be controlled by the metasurface array rather than solely by the geometry of the lens body. In this regard, the intraocular lens can be substantially flat in both pre-operative and post-operative configurations and allow the lens body to have certain other properties that can reduce the size of the incision during surgery, including having a thickness of 0.25 mm or less, and being able to be folded and / or rolled, and inserted through an incision of 2 mm or less (such as an incision of 1 mm or less).

[0120] in this regard, FIG. 4A to FIG. 4B An ophthalmic lens 400 is depicted. The ophthalmic lens 400 may be an intraocular lens or device having a metasurface array. In this regard, Figure 4AAn ophthalmic lens is depicted having a lens body 404 and a metasurface array 450. The metasurface array 450 may be substantially similar to the metasurface arrays described herein; for the sake of clarity, redundant explanations thereof are omitted herein.

[0121] Notwithstanding the foregoing, the metasurface array 450 can be adapted for use with an intraocular lens. This can involve manufacturing the metasurface array 450 and associated lens body 404 according to the manufacturing techniques herein. For example, the metasurface array 450 can be durable enough to maintain target optical properties and modifications after a surgical procedure used to install the lens. In some embodiments and as described with respect to FIG. 5A to FIG. 5C As shown in more detail, the arrangement of metasurface building elements of a metasurface array can be maintained during and after a surgical procedure.

[0122] Figure 4A The ophthalmic lenses of the invention also include other adaptive designs for intraocular lens applications. For example, the lens body 404 can be configured to have certain features that facilitate alignment of the lens during surgery. Figure 4A A lens body 404 is shown with a first tactile feature 405a and a second tactile feature 405b. The first tactile feature 405a and the second tactile feature 405b can facilitate alignment of the lens body 404 with certain features of the eye during surgery. It should be understood that in other cases, other tactile features, including those defining airfoil shapes and other shapes for alignment and / or structural positioning of the lens 400 relative to the eye, can alternatively be used.

[0123] Reference Figure 4B , showing Figure 4A An illustrative cross-section of an ophthalmic lens 400 . Figure 4B The ophthalmic lens 400 is shown to generally have a substantially flat shape, such as prior to installation during surgery. In this regard, Figure 4B An ophthalmic device is shown having a thickness 440. Thickness 440 may typically be about 0.25 mm. Thus, sizing the intraocular lens 400 may allow the lens to be folded, rolled, or otherwise physically manipulated during surgery in a manner that allows the intraocular lens 400 to fit through a substantially small incision, such as FIG. 5A to FIG. 5C As shown. The thickness 440 can also be customized to induce a certain rigidity of the ophthalmic lens 400, thereby allowing the ophthalmic lens to maintain its shape after being manipulated for use. In this regard, it should be understood that 0.25 mm is a sample size that can also be adapted based on the material of the ophthalmic lens. Therefore, in some cases, the thickness 440 can be less than 0.25 mm, such as less than 0.20 mm, while in other cases, the thickness 440 can be greater, such as less than 0.50 mm or less than 1 mm.

[0124] Furthermore, according to one exemplary embodiment, a metasurface array can be incorporated onto the surface of a contact lens to treat myopia progression, particularly in young people, such as FIG. 4C to FIG. 4F As shown. Myopia is caused by an undesirable axial length of the eye. It has been found that if the growth of the axial length of the eye can be controlled during childhood, myopia or hyperopia can be reduced or even eliminated in the child's adulthood.

[0125] The growth of the axial length of the eye can be influenced by visual feedback received in the retina. Visual feedback can be used to balance the axial length of the eye with the combined focusing ability of the cornea and the lens. The eye uses the focus of light focused on the retina to determine when the axial length of the eye is balanced. Such visual feedback can be based on the entire surface area of ​​the retina, not just the central portion of the retina dedicated to central vision. Therefore, if the periphery of the retina, which has a larger surface area than the central area, receives visual feedback to extend the axial length, the eye can respond by growing to increase the axial length of the eye. This can occur when the central vision is already balanced. Therefore, such visual feedback can cause the central vision to become out of focus.

[0126] Light directed toward the peripheral region of the retina can provide stimulation that the eye can interpret as visual feedback to determine the growth rate of the eye. In some examples, light directed toward the peripheral region of the retina is focused precisely on the peripheral region of the retina. By having the focus of the peripherally directed light be precisely on the retina, the eye can change the growth rate of the eye so that the axial length of the eye remains balanced consistent with the focusing ability of the eye. This may cause the eye to grow more slowly or stop growing altogether.

[0127] In other examples, light can be focused so that it does not reach the peripheral areas of the retina. As a result, the focus of the directed light is in front of the retina. Such stimulation can cause the eye to have peripheral myopia. This may have the effect of slowing the growth of the eye or stopping it from growing altogether.

[0128] Typically, young children begin with a hyperopic eye condition in which the focus is formed behind the retina. Therefore, the eye has an early stimulus to grow the eye in a manner that corrects the balance between the focusing ability of the eye and the axial length. In the case of a child with a central hyperopic condition, light can be directed to the peripheral area of ​​the retina to purposefully focus behind the retina. This can provide additional stimulus to the eye to regulate its growth and / or shape, which can correct the central vision of the eye, as taught in U.S. Patent No. 10,429,670, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

[0129] In one implementation of the principles described herein, an ophthalmic lens includes a lens body configured to be positioned relative to an eye. The lens body includes an optical zone configured to direct light toward a central region of a retina of the eye. At least one optical feature of a surface array comprising the lens body has a property of selectively directing light away from the central region of the retina into the eye.

[0130] The optical features may be formed on the anterior or posterior surface of the intraocular lens. In examples where the lens body is made of multiple layers, the optical features may be formed on the inner or outer surface of any of the layers. Such an inner or outer surface may be on an intermediate layer or on another surface of the anterior or posterior layer. In some exemplary embodiments, a metasurface array may be incorporated into the lens body without affecting the ophthalmic lens curvature field. The metasurface array may also be one of a plurality of independent metasurface arrays or locations that are incorporated into the ophthalmic lens and independently adjusted to direct light toward a specific area of ​​the retina. Such optical features may have different sizes, may be adjusted to different wavelengths of light, may include different cross-sectional shapes, different refractive indices, different focusing powers, other different properties, or a combination thereof.

[0131] Figure 4C is a cross-sectional view of one embodiment of an ophthalmic lens 10 that directs light into an eye 12 in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure. In this example, the ophthalmic lens 10 is placed on the eye 12. Ambient light rays 14, 16, 18 enter the eye 12 after passing through the ophthalmic lens 10. These light rays are focused by the optical zone 20 of the ophthalmic lens 10 toward a central region 22 of the retina 24. A focal point 25 of the light rays 14, 16, 18 is formed on the central region 22 of the retina 24, which enables the eye to clearly see objects both near and far from the eye.

[0132] Other ambient light rays 26, 28, 30 also enter the eye 12 through the ophthalmic lens 10, and these light rays 26, 28, 30 are refracted differently than the light rays 14, 16, 18. The light rays 26, 28, 30 are directed toward the peripheral region 32 of the retina 24. Figure 4C In the example of FIG. 1 , light rays 26, 28, 30 are focused on a peripheral region 32 of the retina 24, which can provide the eye 12 with a stimulus indicating that the eye's focusing power and axial length 34 are balanced. Thus, the eye 12 can be induced to maintain its current ratio between focusing power and axial length 34.

[0133] The refraction of light rays 26, 28, 30 is different from that of light rays 14, 16, 18 because light rays 26, 28, 30 pass through the ophthalmic lens 10 at the metasurface array 36, which has different refractive properties than the refractive properties in the optical zone 20 of the ophthalmic lens 10. The metasurface array 36 is shown as a protrusion in the figure only for ease of explanation and identification. As described above, the metasurface array does not substantially or significantly change the surface profile geometry of the ophthalmic lens or the thickness of the lens. According to an exemplary embodiment, the metasurface array 36 can produce positive refraction or negative refraction depending on the geometry of the array, such as the angle of incidence, wavelength, and period of the array. The metasurface array 36 can be an active or passive metasurface array. The metasurface array 36 can be formed according to the process disclosed herein.

[0134] In some examples, ophthalmic lens 10 is a contact lens, a soft contact lens, a rigid gas permeable contact lens, an implantable contact lens, another type of lens, or a combination thereof. Alternatively, ophthalmic lens 10 can be any ophthalmic lens, including a spectacle lens. Figure 4C In the example of , the optical zone 20 does not have a metasurface array 36 or includes a metasurface array configured to direct light onto the central region 22 of the retina 24. As a result, there is little effect from the feature on the central vision of the eye. However, the multiple independent metasurface arrays 36 redirect some light from the contact ophthalmic lens 10 in the non-optical region that would otherwise not enter the eye, or would enter the eye in a different manner. Due to the off-axis positioning of the metasurface arrays 36, the amount of light entering the eye 12 is increased. Otherwise, at least most of the light would enter the eye and travel toward the peripheral region 32 of the eye 12 without the metasurface array 36 and continue to enter the eye 12 without the assistance of the metasurface array 36. This light already provides visual feedback to the eye that influences eye growth. However, the additional light redirected into the eye by the metasurface array 36 can be controlled to counteract this visual feedback, enhance this visual feedback, modify this visual feedback, or otherwise provide stimulation that influences eye growth. The additional visual feedback can be used to control myopia progression, or in some cases, prevent myopia from occurring. The amount of light directed toward the peripheral region 32 of the retina 24 may be selected based on the amount of light needed to achieve the desired effect on eye growth. In some cases, a small amount of additional light directed from the metasurface array 36 may be sufficient to achieve the desired result. In other cases, however, directing more light may be beneficial to overcome the strong natural stimuli that lead to undesirable axial length growth.

[0135] Figure 4Dis a cross-sectional view of one embodiment of an ophthalmic lens 10 that directs light into an eye 12 in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure. In this example, a metasurface array 36 directs light toward a peripheral region 32 of the retina, but a focus 25' of the directed light is formed in front of the retina 24. Thus, the light rays 26, 28, 30 directed by the metasurface array 36 induce a peripheral myopic condition. Such stimulation may indicate growth to stop or slow axial growth of the eye 125. In some examples, such peripheral myopic stimulation may provide a stronger stimulus to the eye 12 to alter the growth of the eye without adversely affecting the user's vision because the light in the optical zone is correctly focused on the retina. In some examples, directing the redirected light rays 26, 28, 30 to focus in the peripheral region 32 that does not reach the retina 24 may be desirable for treating myopic conditions because such stimulation indicates that the axial length 34 is too long.

[0136] Figure 4E is a cross-sectional view of one embodiment of an ophthalmic lens 10 for directing light into an eye 12 in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure. In this example, a metasurface array 36 directs light toward a peripheral region 32 of the retina, but a focus 25' of the directed light is formed behind the retina 24. Thus, the light rays 26, 28, 30 directed by the metasurface array 36 induce a peripheral hyperopic condition. Such stimulation may be indicative of increased axial growth of the eye 12, and in some examples, such peripheral hyperopic stimulation may provide stimulation to the eye 12 to alter the growth rate of the eye. In some examples, directing the redirected light rays 26, 28, 30 to focus behind the peripheral region 32 of the retina 24 may be desirable for treating a hyperopic condition because such stimulation indicates that the axial length 34 is too short. Similar to Figure 4D In the embodiment shown in Figure 4E The desired stimulation is provided outside the optical zone and the user's immediate optical experience is not adversely affected.

[0137] Although the redirected light has been described with reference to focusing the redirected light within a three-dimensional space about the retina 24, FIG. 4C to FIG. 4E , but the metasurface array 36 may direct light into the ambient space of the vitreous cavity 40 of the eye 12 for any suitable reason. For example, light may be directed into the ambient space without a predetermined focus. In other examples, light may be directed into the ambient space with a predetermined focus, such as FIG. 4C to FIG. 4E In some cases, light can be directed into the peripheral space of vitreous cavity 40 for treating conditions other than myopia and hyperopia. For example, light can be directed into the peripheral space for treating other conditions, for entertainment purposes, for communicating with a device implanted in the eye, for other purposes, or for a combination thereof.

[0138] In addition, for illustrative purposes, FIG. 4C to FIG. 4E A finite number of metasurface arrays that direct light to a finite area of ​​the retina are depicted. Multiple independent metasurface arrays can focus light to multiple areas of the retina. Each of the independent metasurface arrays can be customized for a specific condition of the eye. For example, some metasurface arrays can include different degrees of focusing power, refractive properties, shapes, sizes, materials, thicknesses, other physical characteristics, geometric parameters, angles of incidence, wavelengths, periods, or combinations thereof. Different metasurface arrays of the same ophthalmic lens can independently focus light in front of, above, or behind the retina. In other examples, different areas of the retina receive different intensities of redirected light.

[0139] In some examples, the metasurface array is configured so that the wavelengths of redirected light are not separated. In other words, the features can direct all wavelengths within the visible spectrum together. However, in some examples, at least some of the metasurface arrays can be configured to redirect only selected wavelengths of light toward the peripheral region of the retina. FIG. 4C to FIG. 4F As shown in the exemplary illustration of , for ease of explanation and identification, the metasurface array is illustrated as protrusions. As described above, the metasurface array cannot substantially or significantly change the surface profile geometry or thickness of the ophthalmic lens.

[0140] Figure 4F is a perspective view of one embodiment of an ophthalmic lens 10 having a metasurface array 36 for directing light off-axis toward a peripheral region of the retina in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure. In this example, the ophthalmic lens 10 includes an optical zone 20 and a non-optical zone 92. The metasurface array 36 is formed in the non-optical zone 92.

[0141] like Figure 4F As shown, the optical zone 20 is configured to focus the central light 96 passing through the optical zone on the retina 24 in the central region 22 of the eye wearing the ophthalmic lens 10. The optical zone 20 is located in front of the pupil of the eye. Typically, the non-optical area 92 surrounds the optical zone 20 and constitutes the remainder of the ophthalmic lens 10. The non-optical area 92 can be positioned on the iris, and in some cases, on portions of the conjunctiva and sclera of the eye. Traditionally, light passing through the non-optical area 92 of the ophthalmic lens 10 does not enter the eye because such light will contact areas of the eye that do not allow light to enter (e.g., the iris and sclera). However, in contrast to conventional lenses, the metasurface array 36 incorporated into the ophthalmic lens 10 guides peripheral light 98 (which would otherwise not be on the trajectory to enter the eye) at an angle into the pupil, and is designed to guide peripheral light toward the peripheral area 32 of the retina 24.

[0142] The peripheral light 98 redirected into the eye may not affect the central vision of the eye because the peripheral light 98 is directed into the peripheral region 32 of the retina, where the peripheral vision is processed. Therefore, the peripheral light 98 directed toward the peripheral region 32 of the retina 24 may be intentionally defocused to provide the desired stimulus to the eye. For example, the redirected peripheral light 98 may be precisely focused on the retina. In some cases, such a stimulus may indicate that the axial length of the eye is in proper proportion to the focusing power of the eye. In other examples, the redirected light 98 is focused so as not to reach the retina. In some cases, such a stimulus indicates that the axial length of the eye is too large for the focusing power of the eye, thereby slowing down or stopping the axial growth of the eye. In yet other cases, the redirected light 98 may be focused behind the retina, which may produce a stimulus indicating that the axial length of the eye is too short for the focusing power of the eye. Depending on the ability of the eye to grow, the eye may be made to grow in such a manner as to at least partially improve the balance between the axial length of the eye and the focusing power of the eye based on the stimulus.

[0143] The amount of light redirected to the peripheral region 32 of the retina 24 is based on the number of metasurface arrays 36, the refractive index of the metasurface arrays 36, the shape or geometry of the metasurface arrays 36, other factors, and combinations thereof. The ophthalmic lens 10 can be customized for the pathology of the eye. For example, in the case where the practitioner feels that strong stimulation is needed, more metasurface arrays 36 can be added to the ophthalmic lens to redirect more light or the focusing power of the selected features can be increased. In other examples, materials with specific refractive indices or features with different shapes can be used to achieve the desired stimulation intensity. Likewise, these parameters can be scaled down based on different eye pathologies to reduce the intensity of the stimulation as needed.

[0144] The use of metasurface arrays provides a great deal of flexibility and programmability to the design of ophthalmic lenses. Various metasurface arrays may be on some or all of one or more surfaces of an ophthalmic lens, allowing the lens designer to tune some metasurface arrays to maximize visual optical effects while allowing other metasurface arrays to be tuned to provide stimulation to the ophthalmic system.

[0145] Go to FIG. 5A to FIG. 5C , an ophthalmic lens 500 is shown. The ophthalmic lens 500 may be an intraocular lens or device, such as described above with respect to FIG. 4A to FIG. 4B Described ophthalmic lens 400. In this regard, ophthalmic lens 500 may include lens body 504, metasurface array 550, and certain tactile features; redundant explanations of which are omitted herein for clarity.

[0146] The ophthalmic lens 500 can be configured to maintain optical properties (e.g., focus, aberration properties, glare properties, etc.) after the lens 500 is physically manipulated for use in association with a surgical procedure in an eye. To facilitate the foregoing, the metasurface array 550 can include metasurface building elements 570 having a defined arrangement, such as Figure 5A In some cases, the metasurface construction elements 570 may maintain a defined arrangement after manipulation during surgery. Additionally or alternatively, the metasurface construction elements 570 may be arranged on the lens 504 in a manner suitable for pre-installation (e.g., prior to physical manipulation for surgery) such that when the lens body 504 is associated with the eye, the metasurface construction elements 570 are arranged in a configuration that produces a desired optical effect.

[0147] Reference Figure 5B , an ophthalmic lens 500 is shown in a folded configuration. By way of specific example, the ophthalmic lens 500 is shown as being substantially rolled, which may facilitate introduction of the lens 500 through an incision during surgery. However, it should be understood that Figure 5B The coiled configuration shown is for illustrative purposes. In other cases, other configurations may be used to introduce the lens 500 through the cutout (including different folds, partial folds, more compact coils, etc.) to physically reduce the footprint of the lens 500 during association of the lens with the eye.

[0148] To illustrate, Figure 5B A sample eye 590 is included. Eye 590 may be, for example, the eye of a user undergoing cataract surgery. Eye 590 may have a geometry or profile 591. Profile 591 may correspond to many different properties of eye 590, and lens 504 may be adapted to match or otherwise fit profile 591, which may be appropriate for a given configuration. Thus, profile 591 may include information about rotationally symmetric or rotationally asymmetric eye 590, and lens 504 may have an appropriate associated geometry, which may be configured as described herein. FIG. 8A to FIG. 10B Method of manufacturing.

[0149] Eye 590 may be undergoing a surgical procedure. Figure 5BAn incision 592 is shown. The incision 592 is shown for illustrative purposes, including its orientation relative to features of the eye. The location of the incision 592 can depend on a variety of factors, such as the type of surgery, etc. The incision 592 is shown as having a length 593. The length 593 can correspond to the total size or longest size of the opening into the area of ​​the eye 590 where the lens 500 is to be installed. It may be desirable to reduce the value of the length 593, for example, in order to reduce the risk of infection or other complications. Therefore, the lens 500 can be adapted to minimize the value of the length 593. For example, the length 593 can be substantially between about 1 mm and 2 mm. In some cases, the length 593 can be less than 1 mm, such as less than 0.75 mm. In other cases, the length 593 can be greater than 2 mm, such as greater than 2 mm or more, based on a given application. In this regard, it should be understood that the incision 592 is shown for illustrative purposes, and in the context of the embodiments described herein, the length of the incision 592 can be proportionally less than or greater than Figure 5B Cutout 592 is shown.

[0150] In this regard, Figure 5B As shown, the lens 500 can be rolled or folded so as to be inserted through the incision 592. In one embodiment, the lens 500 can be inserted through the incision 592 via a needle injection or other minimally invasive insertion procedure. More particularly, the lens 500 can be rolled or folded so that the lens 500 has a width (in the folded configuration) that is less than or substantially equal to the value of the length 593 of the incision 592. As explained herein, such physical manipulation of the lens 500 can be adjusted to support the resulting optical modification of the lens via the metasurface array. For example, physically manipulating the lens 500 into a configuration in which the lens can be advanced through the incision 592 can not hinder the operation of the metasurface array when the lens 500 is unfolded and associated with the eye 590.

[0151] To illustrate the foregoing, Figure 5C An ophthalmic lens 500 is shown in association with an eye 590 . Figure 5C The configuration shown may represent a post-folding surgical procedure. For example, lens 500 may be Figure 5B 592 and are subsequently deployed and appropriately positioned on the eye 590. With this arrangement, the metasurface construction elements 570 can be positioned to modify the optical properties of the lens 500 as desired, including tailoring the optical properties to provide certain visual and / or disease treatment benefits. Figure 5C The metasurface construction element 570 can be used with Figure 5A For example, the metasurface construction element 570 may be sufficiently durable (with an optical substrate layer, such as Figure 1D154) such that when the lens body 504 is unfolded, the metasurface construction elements 570 substantially return to the initial arrangement, for example, such as in Figure 1A Additionally or alternatively, the metasurface construction elements 570 may be modified as a result of the folding process and / or the process of associating the lens body 504 with the eye 590. In this manner, the metasurface construction elements 570 may be arranged in Figure 5A The embodiment of the present invention takes this modification into account and is therefore suitable for Figure 5C The mounting configuration induces the desired optical properties.

[0152] The ophthalmic lenses and devices of the present disclosure may also be used in the context of contact lenses, such as external contact lenses that are associated with the eye by a user. As possible examples, this may include, for example, rigid gas permeable ophthalmic lenses or scleral lenses. Contact lenses may also be susceptible to physical manipulation, such as physical manipulation caused by a user associating the lens with the eye, including pinching the lens, rolling or partially rolling, or other physical manipulation. In this regard, the metasurface array associated with the contextual lens type embodiment may be configured to maintain the modified optical properties of the lens after the lens body is physically manipulated for use with the eye. For example, the array may include metasurface building elements or other metasurface features that are arranged to account for manipulation of the lens and thereby cause appropriate optical effects after manipulation.

[0153] To illustrate the foregoing, FIG. 6A to FIG. 6C An embodiment of an ophthalmic lens 600 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. The ophthalmic lens 600 is manipulable for use with an eye, such as externally on the eye. The ophthalmic lens 600 can be substantially similar to the ophthalmic lenses described herein, and includes a lens body 604, a metasurface array 650, and a metasurface building element 670; redundant explanations thereof are omitted herein for clarity.

[0154] Reference Fig. 6A , showing an ophthalmic lens 600 in a pre-installation configuration. Fig. 6A 600 is shown in an arrangement configured to produce a desired optical effect for an ophthalmic lens 600. Additionally or alternatively, the metasurface construction elements 670 may be arranged on the lens body 604 in a manner for pre-installation such that when the lens body 604 is associated with an eye, the metasurface construction elements 670 are arranged in a configuration that produces a desired optical effect.

[0155] Reference Figure 6B , shows an ophthalmic lens 600 in a configuration in which the lens body 604 is physically manipulated. For illustrative purposes, the degree of physical manipulation is Figure 6BIn other cases, the deformation and movement of the lens body 604 may be smaller. Figure 6B The physical manipulation state of the ophthalmic lens 600 shown may correspond to a state in which a user is manipulating the lens 600 for association with an eye, among other possibilities.

[0156] Reference Figure 6C , the ophthalmic lens 600 is shown in an externally mounted configuration with a sample eye 690. Figure 6C In the mounting configuration, the metasurface array 650 is shown with Fig. 6A The configuration of the metasurface construction element 670 is substantially the same as the configuration of the metasurface construction element 670. In this way, the metasurface construction element 670 can be operated to Figure 6B The physical manipulation of the lens body 604 shown in FIG. 6 is followed by modifying the optical properties of the lens body 604 in a desired manner. Additionally or alternatively, the metasurface construction element 670 may be used as Figure 6B The metasurface construction elements 670 may be arranged in a manner such that the metasurface construction elements 670 are modified as a result of physical manipulation of the lens body 604 and / or the process of associating the lens body 604 with the eye 690. Fig. 6A The embodiment of the present invention takes this modification into account and is therefore suitable for Figure 6C The mounting configuration induces the desired optical properties.

[0157] In some embodiments, a metasurface array can be adapted to enhance the field of view of a given patient. For example, a metasurface array described herein can be adapted to expand or increase the field of view compared to a standard lens. Fig. 7A and Figure 7B A patient 700 is depicted having a right eye 702a and a left eye 702b. Fig. 7A The vertical field of view α is shown. As an example, the vertical field of view α may be about 150 degrees. Fig. 7A Also shown is the extended vertical field of view α △ . Extended vertical field of view α △ It can be greater than 150 degrees, or greater than the value of the vertical field of view α, such as 151 degrees, 153 degrees, 160 degrees or greater. △ α may correspond to the vertical field of view caused by the metasurface array described herein. For example, the patient 700 may associate a contact lens or other lens with the left eye 702b including the metasurface array (e.g., the ophthalmic lens 100), thereby allowing the patient to experience an expanded vertical field of view α △ .

[0158] Reference Figure 7B , the right eye 702a is shown to have a horizontal field of view β a , while the left eye 702b is shown as having a horizontal field of view β bThe right eye 702a and the left eye 702b are shown as having a combined horizontal field of view σ. As an example, the horizontal field of view β a , β b can be about 150 degrees. The combined horizontal field of view σ can be about 180 degrees. The metasurface arrays described herein can also be used to enhance or otherwise modify the horizontal field of view β a , and the left eye 702b is shown to have a horizontal field of view β b In this regard, the metasurface array may allow the patient 700 to have an enhanced or otherwise modified horizontal field of view compared to wearing standard contact lenses. To illustrate the foregoing, Figure 7B Also shown is the extended horizontal field of view β a△ , extended horizontal field of view β b△ and the combined extended horizontal field of view σ △ . Extended horizontal field of view β a△ , β b△ Can be greater than 150 degrees, or greater than the horizontal field of view β a , β b The value of β is, for example, 151 degrees, 153 degrees, 160 degrees or more. a△ , β b△ β may correspond to the horizontal field of view caused by the metasurface array described herein. For example, the patient 700 may associate a contact lens or other lens with the left eye 702b having a metasurface array (e.g., the ophthalmic lens 100), thereby allowing the patient to experience an expanded horizontal field of view β a△ , β b△ . Extended horizontal field of view β a△ , β b△ can collaborate to define a combined extended horizontal field of view σ △ .

[0159] Ophthalmic lenses of the present disclosure having metasurface arrays can be manufactured using a variety of suitable techniques. Ophthalmic lenses can be manufactured to produce metasurface arrays having metasurface building elements or other metasurface features that are tuned to induce specified optical properties in the lens. This can include manufacturing techniques that can produce metasurface building elements with dimensions such as a height dimension that is a periodic wavelength of light or less than a periodic wavelength of light. The manufacturing techniques herein can also be adapted and associated with metasurface arrays for a variety of different lens scenarios or embodiments. For example, the manufacturing techniques can be used to produce lenses for intraocular lenses, such as those associated with the eye during surgery. In another scenario, the technology can be used for substantially external lenses, such as contact lenses, including rigid gas permeable ophthalmic lenses, scleral lenses, spectacle lenses, etc. Thus, to the extent that the following methods are generally discussed for embodiments of manufacturing ophthalmic lenses, it should be understood that the manufacturing techniques can also be used to produce other ophthalmic lenses as contemplated herein. FIG. 8A to FIG. 8D Depicted is the operation of forming one or more of the ophthalmic lenses of the present disclosure using a molding process. In general, a metasurface array can be formed during a molding process and then associated with a precursor form of a lens body. The precursor form of the lens body can be, for example, a liquid lens material that is then pressed or formed during a molding process and cured for finishing. In this regard, FIG. 8A to FIG. 8D The molding process may allow a metasurface array to be associated with a non-solid substrate. For example, a molding process may be desirable by achieving a standardized mold shape for producing a standardized set of lens bodies. A metasurface array may be associated with a mold containing a desired arrangement of metasurface building elements or other metasurface features to induce a desired optical effect of a standardized lens body.

[0160] Reference Fig. 8A , which is an illustrative cross-sectional view of the operations of forming one or more of the ophthalmic lenses of the present disclosure. Fig. 8A , a molding apparatus 830 is shown. The molding apparatus 830 may include a first mold portion 832a and a second mold portion 832b. The first mold portion 832a and the second mold portion 832b may be operable to move relative to each other, for example, to distribute and shape a material disposed between the first mold portion 832a and the second mold portion 832b. The first mold portion 832a and the second mold portion 832b may also be associated with a variety of systems for introducing materials for molding, including certain extrusion-type systems.

[0161] exist Fig. 8AIn embodiments of the present invention, the first mold portion 832a can be configured to receive a metasurface array, such as any of the metasurface arrays and variations described herein. In this regard, Fig. 8A A metasurface array 850 is shown. The metasurface array 850 can be manufactured separately from the lens body. For example, the metasurface array 850 can include various metasurface construction elements 860 arranged in a matrix 864 or other material that can allow the metasurface array 850 to be associated with a non-solid substrate. As described herein, the matrix 864 can be formed of a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrate. The matrix 864 can help maintain the metasurface construction elements 860 in a desired orientation. The matrix 864 can also be used to associate the metasurface construction elements 860 with a non-solid substrate, such as Figure 8B Although many techniques may be used to form metasurface array 850, in one embodiment, metasurface array 850 may be formed using an etching process in which an amorphous silicon layer is patterned to form metasurface construction elements 860. In other cases, other techniques may be used to form metasurface construction elements 860, including techniques that form metasurface construction elements 860 at least in part from silver dioxide or titanium dioxide materials.

[0162] Reference Figure 8B , showing an illustrative cross-sectional view of another operation of forming one or more ophthalmic lenses of the present disclosure. Figure 8B In some embodiments, the liquid lens material 844 is introduced into the molding device 830. In some embodiments, the liquid lens material 844 can be introduced into the molding device 830 via an extrusion process. The liquid lens material 844 can be a precursor form of one or more lens bodies in the ophthalmic lenses of the present disclosure. In this regard, the liquid lens material 844 can be made of any material suitable for the lens body. For example, the liquid lens material 844 can be made of any rigid material that is permeable to gas or oxygen when cured, polymerized or hardened. In some embodiments, the liquid lens material 844 can include a monomer or polymer material. In some embodiments, the liquid lens material 844 can include a silicone material. In some embodiments, the liquid lens material 844 can include an acrylate material. In some embodiments, the liquid lens material 844 can include cellulose acetate butyrate, silicone acrylate, tert-butyl styrene, fluorosilicone acrylate, perfluoroether, other types of polymers or combinations thereof. These materials can include various combinations of monomers, polymers and other materials to form the final polymer. For example, common components of these materials can include HEMA, HEMA-GMA, etc.

[0163] Figure 8BLiquid lens material 844 is shown contacting a metasurface array 850. In this manner, the metasurface array 850 can be associated with a non-liquid substrate. The amount of material supplied to the liquid lens material 844 can be based on the size and physical properties of the target lens body and can therefore be standardized.

[0164] Reference Figure 8C , shows a molding apparatus 830 in a configuration in which a first mold portion 832a and a second mold portion 832b are moved relative to each other. In particular, the second mold portion 832b can be configured to press the liquid lens material 844 against the metasurface array 850. The second mold portion 832b can thereby distribute the liquid mold material 844 across the metasurface array 850 and cause the liquid lens material 844 to substantially assume a shape defined by the first mold portion 832a and the second mold portion 832b, such as Figure 8C After assuming the desired shape, the liquid lens material 844 may be cured or otherwise hardened to produce an ophthalmic lens of the present disclosure.

[0165] in this regard, Fig.8D Shows the use of FIG. 8A to FIG. 8C The ophthalmic lens 800 is produced by the molding apparatus shown in FIG. The ophthalmic lens 800 may optionally undergo one or more post-molding finishing processes, for example, to produce Fig.8D 800, which has a lens body 804 formed from a liquid lens material 844. For example, one or more surfaces may be polished and / or further shaped using various precision tools. The ophthalmic lens 800 may also undergo a chemical bath or other form of treatment to finish one or more surfaces of the lens 800. This may include removing at least the matrix 864 from the ophthalmic lens 800, such as may be the case when the matrix is ​​a sacrificial matrix, however, this is not required.

[0166] FIG. 9A to FIG. 9B Another embodiment of a manufacturing technique for forming one or more of the ophthalmic lenses of the present disclosure is described. In particular, FIG. 9A to FIG. 9B Forming a metasurface array, such as the various metasurface arrays and embodiments thereof described herein, as a peelable sheet is shown. The peelable sheet can be configured to adhere the metasurface array to the outer surface of the lens body of the various ophthalmic devices described herein. In this regard, the metasurface array and the lens body can be separately formed or otherwise manufactured, for example, via separate processes, and subsequently associated. This can enhance the adaptability of ophthalmic lens manufacturing technology, for example, by manufacturing a batch or set of standardized lens bodies, and then associating each of the set of standardized lens bodies with a metasurface array as needed and adjusted according to the target optical effect for the lens body.

[0167] Reference Fig. 9A , shows an illustrative cross-sectional view of the operation of associating a metasurface array with a lens body. Specifically, a metasurface array 950 is shown being advanced toward a lens body 904. The lens body 904 and the metasurface array 950 can be substantially similar to the various bodies and arrays described herein; for the sake of clarity, redundant explanations thereof are omitted here.

[0168] The metasurface array 950 may be configured to adhere to the lens body 904. For example, the metasurface array 950 may define one or more releasable sheets that may be associated with the lens body 904 in a manner that substantially mitigates subsequent separation. To facilitate the foregoing, the array 950 may include metasurface construction elements 960 arranged in a matrix 964. The matrix 964 may be adapted to associate the metasurface construction elements 960 with the outer surface of the lens body 904. For example, the matrix 964 may have certain adhesive properties that allow the metasurface array 950 to remain in contact with the outer surface of the lens body 904. Additionally or alternatively, the matrix 964 may be a user-defined surface to receive an adhesive treatment layer, a laminate layer or other layer, a coating, etc. to facilitate the association of the array 950 with the lens body 904.

[0169] The metasurface array 950 and the lens body 904 can be associated with each other to form an ophthalmic lens 900. The ophthalmic lens 900 can be one or more of the ophthalmic lenses described herein that use metasurface features to modify the optical properties of the lens. In this regard, Fig. 9B Shows Fig. 9A The ophthalmic lens 900 after the array 950 and the body 904 are associated. Fig.8D As discussed, the ophthalmic lens 900 may undergo one or more processing steps after associating the array with the lens body. Fig. 9B At least some of the removed substrate 964 is shown. In other embodiments, the lens 900 can be subjected to other processing, including polishing and various chemical treatments.

[0170] FIG. 10A to FIG. 10B Another embodiment of a manufacturing technique for forming one or more of the ophthalmic lenses of the present disclosure is described. In particular, FIG. 10A to FIG. 10B The metasurface array is shown formed on a lens body or otherwise in direct contact with the lens body. For example, the lens body can be manufactured by one or more processes, and the metasurface features can be patterned directly on the lens body. In this regard, the metasurface features are manufactured after the production of the lens body.

[0171] Reference Fig. 10A, showing an illustrative cross-sectional view of the operation of establishing a metasurface array on a lens body. In particular, Fig. 10A An ophthalmic lens 1000 is shown during a manufacturing operation. The ophthalmic lens 1000 can be one or more of the ophthalmic lenses described herein, including being one or more intraocular lenses or substantially external contact lenses.

[0172] The ophthalmic lens 1000 may include at least a lens body 1004 and a metasurface array 1050. The metasurface array 1050 may initially be formed from one or more base materials (e.g., an amorphous silicon layer overlying the lens body 1004). The metasurface array 1050 may receive electromagnetic radiation or another input to pattern the amorphous silicon layer so that the array 1050 includes metasurface building elements in a desired configuration. In this regard, Fig. 10A An instrument 1080 is shown configured to emit energy along a path 1082. In some cases, the instrument 1080 may be configured for etching and / or photolithography. While etching, one or more matrix layers, adhesives, substrates, etc. may then be added to the metasurface array 1050 to facilitate maintaining the metasurface building elements in a proprietary orientation.

[0173] Reference Fig. 10B , showing that in Fig. 10A The ophthalmic lens 1000 is shown after the patterning operation. In particular, Fig. 10B Metasurface building elements 1060 are shown in a configuration resulting from patterning performed by instrument 1080. Ophthalmic lens 1000 also includes matrix material 1064, which can be used to maintain the orientation of the metasurface building elements during use, such as after folding the lens or other physical manipulation.

[0174] In order to facilitate the reader to understand the various functions of the embodiments discussed herein, now refer to Fig.11 and Fig.12 , which respectively illustrate processes 1100 and 1200. Although specific steps (and order of steps) of the methods presented herein have been shown and will be discussed, other methods consistent with the teachings presented herein (including more, fewer, or different steps than those shown) are also contemplated and included in the present disclosure.

[0175] Reference Fig.11 , process 1100 generally relates to manufacturing an ophthalmic lens. Process 1100 can be used to produce various ophthalmic lenses and devices described herein, such as ophthalmic lenses 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 800, 900, and 1000, and variations and embodiments thereof.

[0176] At operation 1104, a metasurface array may be formed by building metasurface building elements in a substrate. Fig. 8A , metasurface construction elements 860 may be built into a matrix 864. The metasurface construction elements 860 may be patterned, for example via an etching process, so as to define various metasurface features having properties tuned to modify the optical properties of an associated lens. Fig. 10A An example apparatus 1080 is shown that may be used to pattern an amorphous silicon layer to form metasurface building elements as nano-pillars having dimensions less than a periodic wavelength of light. In other embodiments, other techniques may be used to form metasurface building elements in a substrate.

[0177] At operation 1108, a lens body having a contour shaped to match the geometry of the eye may be formed. Figure 8B , liquid lens material 844 can be introduced into molding device 830. First mold portion 832a and second mold portion 832b can cooperate to form liquid lens material 844 into a lens shape, such as a lens shape having a contour shaped to match the geometry of the eye. For example, Figure 8C It is shown that as the first mold portion 832a and the second mold portion 832b move toward each other, the liquid lens material 844 is distributed along the metasurface array 850 and becomes a lens shape.

[0178] At operation 1112, the metasurface array may be associated with a lens body to form an ophthalmic lens, such as a foldable ophthalmic lens as described herein. FIG. 8A to FIG. 8C , the metasurface array 850 can be associated with a non-solid substrate (e.g., a liquid lens material 844). The liquid lens material 844 can be or form part of a precursor form of the lens body 804. As such, the liquid lens material 844 can subsequently be cured or otherwise hardened to form the lens body 804, and thereby facilitate the association of the lens body 804 with the metasurface array 850. As another example, and with reference to FIG. 9A to FIG. 9B , the metasurface array 950 can be a releasable sheet associated with the lens body 904. For example, the metasurface array 950 can have or be associated with certain adhesive properties and thus be associated with the lens body 904 in a manner that mitigates separation of the array 950 and body 904 during use of the lens 900. In another example, and with reference to FIG. 10A to FIG. 10B, the metasurface array 1050 can be formed directly on the lens body 1004. The resulting lens can be foldable, for example, foldable or rollable, for introduction through an incision and into a region of the eye during surgery. In some cases, the metasurface array is adapted to establish at least one of a low aberration property, a low glare property, or an enhanced contrast property of the foldable ophthalmic lens in a mounted configuration with the eye.

[0179] Reference Fig.12 , process 1200 generally relates to manufacturing standardized ophthalmic lenses. Process 1200 can be used to produce various ophthalmic lenses and devices described herein, such as, for example, ophthalmic lenses 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 800, 900, and 1000 and variations and embodiments thereof.

[0180] At operation 1204, a set of standardized lens bodies may be provided. FIG. 8A to FIG. 8C , a set of standardized lens bodies can be produced using the molding equipment. The first mold portion 832a and the second mold portion 832b can be used to form the lens body 804 from the liquid lens material 844. The lens body 804 can therefore be one of a set of standardized lens bodies. In other cases, other techniques can be used to manufacture the lens body.

[0181] At operation 1208, a first ophthalmic lens can be produced by associating a first metasurface array with a first lens body in a set of standardized lens bodies. FIG. 8A to FIG. 8C , the lens body 804 and the metasurface array 850 may be components of a first ophthalmic lens. The array 850 may include metasurface building elements having a first configuration for inducing a first optical effect on the lens body.

[0182] At operation 1212, a second ophthalmic lens may be produced by associating a second metasurface array with a second lens body in the set of standardized bodies. FIG. 8A to FIG. 8C , the lens body 804 and the metasurface array 850 may be components of a second ophthalmic lens. Thus, the array 850 in this operation may include metasurface building elements having a second configuration for inducing a second optical effect for the lens body.

[0183] Other examples and implementations are within the scope and spirit of the present disclosure and the appended claims. For example, features that implement functions may also be physically located in various locations, including being distributed so that parts of the functions are implemented in different physical locations. In addition, as used herein, including in the claims, "or" is used in a list of items ending with a list of "at least one" indicating a transitional conjunction, so that, for example, a list of "at least one of A, B, or C" means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C). In addition, the term "exemplary" does not mean that the example described is preferred or superior to other examples.

[0184] For the purpose of explanation, the foregoing description uses specific terms to provide a thorough understanding of the described embodiments. However, it is apparent to those skilled in the art that these specific details are not required in order to practice the described embodiments. Therefore, the foregoing descriptions of the specific embodiments described herein are presented for the purpose of illustration and description. They are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the embodiments to the precise form disclosed. It is apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teachings.

[0185] The present invention provides the following inventive concepts:

[0186] 1. An ophthalmic lens comprising:

[0187] a lens body; and

[0188] A metasurface array on the lens body and comprising an arrangement of metasurface building elements sized according to an optical wavelength and configured across the lens body to define reduced glare / halo properties of the ophthalmic lens.

[0189] 2. The ophthalmic lens of Inventive Concept 1, wherein the reduced glare properties are maintained after physically manipulating the ophthalmic lens for use with an eye.

[0190] 3. The ophthalmic lens according to Inventive Concept 1, wherein the arrangement of the metasurface building elements across the lens body is configured for contrast enhancement of the ophthalmic lens.

[0191] 4. The ophthalmic lens according to Inventive Concept 1, wherein the arrangement of the metasurface building elements across the lens body is configured to reduce aberration characteristics of the lens body.

[0192] 5. The ophthalmic lens according to Inventive Concept 4, wherein the aberration characteristic includes one or both of chromatic aberration and monochromatic aberration.

[0193] 6. The ophthalmic lens according to Inventive Concept 1, wherein the lens body comprises a field of view, and the arrangement of the metasurface building elements is configured to modify the field of view.

[0194] 7. The ophthalmic lens according to Inventive Concept 1, wherein the arranged metasurface construction elements comprise a size smaller than a wavelength of light passing through the lens body.

[0195] 8. The ophthalmic lens according to Inventive Concept 7, wherein the size of the metasurface construction element comprises a height dimension of the metasurface construction element.

[0196] 9. The ophthalmic lens according to Inventive Concept 1, wherein the arrangement of metasurface building elements comprises a collection of nanopillars.

[0197] 10. The ophthalmic lens according to Inventive Concept 9, wherein the set of nanopillars comprises nanopillars of dissimilar shapes.

[0198] 11. The ophthalmic lens according to Inventive Concept 9, wherein the set of nanopillars comprises nanopillars of dissimilar orientations.

[0199] 12. An ophthalmic lens according to Inventive Concept 9, wherein the collection of nanopillars defines a first density of metasurface construction elements on a first portion of the lens body and a second density of metasurface construction elements on a second portion of the lens body, the second density being different from the first density.

[0200] 13. The ophthalmic lens according to Inventive Concept 1, wherein the lens body comprises a focal point, and the arrangement of the metasurface building elements is configured to modify the focal point.

[0201] 14. The ophthalmic lens according to inventive concept 13, wherein the modified focus is configured to control myopia progression.

[0202] 15. The ophthalmic lens according to Inventive Concept 1, wherein the ophthalmic lens is an intraocular device.

[0203] 16. The ophthalmic lens according to Inventive Concept 15, wherein the lens body is substantially flat.

[0204] 17. The ophthalmic lens according to Inventive Concept 15, wherein the lens includes a portion having a thickness of about 0.25 mm.

[0205] 18. The ophthalmic lens according to Inventive Concept 1, wherein the ophthalmic lens is a contact lens.

[0206] 19. The ophthalmic lens according to inventive concept 18, wherein the contact lens comprises one of a rigid gas permeable ophthalmic lens or a scleral lens.

[0207] 20. The ophthalmic lens according to Inventive Concept 18, wherein the contact lens is a hybrid lens including a soft periphery.

[0208] 21. The ophthalmic lens according to Inventive Concept 18, wherein the contact lens comprises a hydrogel component.

[0209] 22. The ophthalmic lens according to Inventive Concept 18, wherein the contact lens is a molded lens.

[0210] 23. The ophthalmic lens according to Inventive Concept 1, wherein the ophthalmic lens is at least partially formed of a titanium dioxide material.

[0211] 24. A method of manufacturing a foldable ophthalmic lens, comprising:

[0212] forming a metasurface array by building metasurface building elements in a substrate;

[0213] forming a lens body having a contour shaped to match the geometry of the eye; and

[0214] The metasurface array is associated with the lens body to form the foldable ophthalmic lens, which is foldable or rollable so as to be introduced through an incision and into a region of an eye during surgery, and the metasurface building elements are suitable for establishing at least one of low aberration characteristics, low glare / halo characteristics, or enhanced contrast characteristics of the foldable ophthalmic lens in a mounting configuration with the eye.

[0215] 25. The method according to inventive concept 24, wherein the incision is smaller than 2.0 mm.

[0216] 26. The method according to inventive concept 25, wherein the incision is smaller than 1.5 mm.

[0217] 27. The method according to inventive concept 24, wherein the lens body is substantially flat before being folded or rolled for introduction through the incision.

[0218] 28. The method of inventive concept 27, wherein the foldable ophthalmic lens is an intraocular device having a diameter less than about 6 mm and a thickness less than about 0.25 mm.

[0219] 29. The method according to inventive concept 24, wherein the associating operation includes coupling the metasurface array with a non-solid substrate.

[0220] 30. The method of Inventive Concept 29, wherein the non-solid substrate comprises a precursor form of the lens body.

[0221] 31. The method according to Inventive Concept 24, wherein the operation of associating the metasurface array with the lens body is performed using a molding device.

[0222] 32. The method according to inventive concept 31, wherein the molding device comprises:

[0223] a first mold portion configured to receive the metasurface array; and

[0224] A second mold portion configured to press a lens material against the metasurface array.

[0225] 33. The method according to inventive concept 32, wherein the lens material comprises a liquid lens material in a precursor form defining the lens body.

[0226] 34. The method of inventive concept 33, wherein the operation of forming the lens body further comprises distributing the liquid lens material along the metasurface array by combining the first mold portion and the second mold portion.

[0227] 35. The method according to inventive concept 34, wherein the operation of forming the lens body further comprises curing the liquid lens material to form the lens body.

[0228] 36. The method according to Inventive Concept 24, wherein the substrate comprises a sacrificial substrate configured to be at least partially removed after an associated operation.

[0229] 37. The method according to Inventive Concept 24, wherein the operation of forming the metasurface array comprises patterning an amorphous silicon layer to form nanopillars defining the metasurface building elements.

[0230] 38. The method according to inventive concept 37, wherein the nanorods have a size equal to or smaller than an optical wavelength.

[0231] 39. The method according to inventive concept 37, wherein the patterning operation includes defining an arrangement of nano-pillars adjusted to the contour of the lens body.

[0232] 40. The method according to Inventive Concept 39, wherein the operation of forming the metasurface array further comprises one or both of photolithography or dry etching.

[0233] 41. The method according to Inventive Concept 39, wherein the operation of forming the metasurface array further comprises associating the nanopillars with a matrix material forming the matrix.

[0234] 42. The method according to inventive concept 41, wherein the matrix material comprises polydimethylsiloxane.

[0235] 43. The method according to Inventive Concept 24, wherein the operation of forming the metasurface array includes forming a peelable sheet, wherein the peelable sheet is configured to adhere to the outer surface of the lens body during the operation of associating the metasurface array with the lens body.

[0236] 44. A method of manufacturing a standardized ophthalmic lens comprising:

[0237] Providing a set of standardized lens bodies;

[0238] producing a first ophthalmic lens by associating a first metasurface array with a first lens body from the set of standardized lens bodies; and

[0239] producing a second ophthalmic lens by associating a second metasurface array with a second lens body from the set of standardized lens bodies,

[0240] Wherein, the first metasurface array and the second metasurface array have different arrangements of metasurface building elements, thereby causing differential optical properties of the standardized lens bodies of the first ophthalmic lens and the second ophthalmic lens.

[0241] 45. The method according to inventive concept 44, wherein the standardized lens body has a portion having a thickness of about 0.25 mm or less.

[0242] 46. ​​The method according to inventive concept 44, wherein the standardized lens body is substantially flat.

[0243] 47. The method of inventive concept 44, wherein the standardized lens body includes tactile features for an intraocular lens.

[0244] 48. The method of inventive concept 44, wherein the first ophthalmic device and the second ophthalmic device are contact lenses including rigid gas permeable ophthalmic lenses or scleral lenses.

[0245] 49. The method according to inventive concept 44, wherein the first ophthalmic lens has a first focal point and the second ophthalmic lens has a second focal point different from the first focal point.

[0246] 50. The method according to Inventive Concept 44, wherein the metasurface building elements of both the first ophthalmic lens and the second ophthalmic lens have a size equal to or smaller than an optical wavelength.

[0247] 51. A method according to inventive concept 44, wherein the operation of producing the first ophthalmic lens or the second ophthalmic lens further includes: associating a corresponding one of the first metasurface array or the second metasurface array with a non-solid substrate in the form of a precursor of any of the standardized lens bodies.

[0248] 52. The method according to inventive concept 51, wherein the operation of associating the first metasurface array or the second metasurface array with a corresponding one of the first lens body or the second lens body further comprises: distributing the non-solid substrate using a molding process.

[0249] 53. The method according to inventive concept 52, wherein the non-solid substrate is capable of being cured to form the corresponding one of the first ophthalmic lens or the second ophthalmic lens.

[0250] 54. The method of inventive concept 44, wherein the differential optical property comprises a reduced glare characteristic of the ophthalmic lens.

Claims

1. A method of manufacturing an ophthalmic lens, comprising: forming a metasurface array by building metasurface building elements in a substrate; forming a lens body having a profile shaped to match the geometry of the eye, the lens body having predetermined diffractive and / or refractive properties; and The metasurface array is associated with the lens body to form the ophthalmic lens, and the metasurface construction elements are configured to modify the properties of light propagating through the lens body, the properties being caused by diffraction and / or refraction associated with the lens body, the modification of the properties of the light comprising changing at least one of aberration properties, changing glare / halo properties, or enhancing contrast properties.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein: The ophthalmic lens is deformable in order to be introduced through an incision and into the region of the eye during surgery.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein: The ophthalmic lens is an intraocular device having a diameter less than about 6 mm and a thickness less than about 0.25 mm.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein: The associating step includes coupling the metasurface array to a non-solid substrate.

5. The method according to claim 4, wherein: The non-solid substrate comprises a precursor form of the lens body.

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein: The step of associating the metasurface array with the lens body is performed using a molding apparatus.

7. The method according to claim 6, wherein: The molding equipment comprises: a first mold portion configured to receive the metasurface array; and A second mold portion configured to press a lens material against the metasurface array.

8. The method according to claim 7, wherein: The lens material includes a liquid lens material in a precursor form defining the lens body.

9. The method according to claim 8, wherein: The step of forming the lens body further includes distributing the liquid lens material along the metasurface array by combining the first mold portion and the second mold portion.

10. The method according to claim 9, wherein: The step of forming the lens body also includes curing the liquid lens material to form the lens body.

11. The method according to claim 1, wherein: The substrate comprises a sacrificial substrate configured to be at least partially removed after the associated step.

12. The method according to claim 1, wherein: The step of forming the metasurface array includes patterning an amorphous silicon layer to form nanopillars defining the metasurface building elements.

13. The method according to claim 12, wherein: The patterning step includes defining an arrangement of nano-pillars tuned to the contour of the lens body.

14. The method according to claim 13, wherein: The step of forming the metasurface array further includes one or both of photolithography and dry etching.

15. The method according to claim 13, wherein: The step of forming the metasurface array further includes associating the nanopillars with a matrix material forming the matrix.

16. The method according to claim 15, wherein: The matrix material includes polydimethylsiloxane.

17. The method according to claim 1, wherein: The step of forming the metasurface array includes forming a releasable sheet configured to adhere to an outer surface of the lens body during the step of associating the metasurface array with the lens body.

18. A method of manufacturing a standardized ophthalmic lens, comprising: Providing a set of standardized lens bodies having predetermined diffractive and / or refractive properties; producing a first ophthalmic lens by associating a first metasurface array with a first lens body from the set of standardized lens bodies; and producing a second ophthalmic lens by associating a second metasurface array with a second lens body from the set of standardized lens bodies, Wherein, the first metasurface array and the second metasurface array have different arrangements of metasurface building elements, thereby differently modifying properties of light propagating through the standardized lens bodies of the first ophthalmic lens and the second ophthalmic lens, the properties being caused by diffraction and / or refraction associated with the standardized lens bodies, the modification of the properties of the light comprising changing at least one of aberration properties, changing glare / halo properties, or enhancing contrast properties.

19. The method according to claim 18, wherein: The standardized lens body has a thickness of about 0.25 mm or less, is substantially flat, and includes tactile features for an intraocular lens.

20. The method according to claim 18, wherein: The first ophthalmic lens and the second ophthalmic lens are contact lenses including rigid gas permeable ophthalmic lenses or scleral lenses.

21. The method according to claim 18, wherein: The first ophthalmic lens has a first focal point, and the second ophthalmic lens has a second focal point different from the first focal point.

22. The method according to claim 18, wherein: The step of producing the first ophthalmic lens further comprises associating the first metasurface array with a non-solid substrate comprising a precursor form of the standardized lens body.

23. The method according to claim 22, wherein: The step of associating the first metasurface array with the first lens body further includes distributing the non-solid substrate using a molding process.

24. The method according to claim 23, wherein: The non-solid substrate is capable of being cured to form a respective one of the first ophthalmic lenses.

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