Construction site layout planning optimization method integrating BIM (Building Information Modeling) and GIS (Geographic Information System) advantages

Abstract

The invention provides a construction site layout planning optimization method integrating the advantages of BIM and GIS, and solves the technical problems that the existing construction site space management requirements are high, the planning is exquisite and the decision basis is comprehensive. The method comprises the steps of constructing a BIM model of a construction site, performing conversion to generate a Shapefile, importing the Shapefile into a GIS, and performing creation to obtain a two-dimensional construction site layout map; combining the two-dimensional construction site layout map with the engineering plan time table to obtain a dynamic layout planning map; and defining an optimization function to respectively optimize the total travel distance between facility points and the safety level in the dynamic layout planning graph, and performing dual-objective optimization on the optimization function by using a whale optimization algorithm based on population guidance, thereby realizing optimization of the construction site layout at each stage. The method can be widely applied to the technical field of building construction and management.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of building construction and management, and more specifically, to an optimization method for construction site layout planning integrating the advantages of BIM and GIS. Background Art

[0002] Pumped-storage power station projects are large in scale, with a high density of construction sites, many high-altitude and cross-operations, an extremely complex construction environment, a large amount of coordination work, and high requirements for construction management. It is necessary to carry out reasonable construction site layout planning and optimize the spatial layout of on-site material storage facilities, equipment preservation facilities, processing facilities, and residential facilities to improve production and construction efficiency, while ensuring zero conflict and safety of working conditions, thereby reducing project costs.

[0003] At present, BIM technology has been introduced to solve the problem of optimizing construction site layout based on its advantages such as collaborative design, multi-dimensional information integration and digital management of the entire project cycle. It can generate material and facility demand data according to the construction stage. However, for large-scale projects such as pumped storage power stations, the actual application effect of existing BMI technology is limited. The main problems are the following three points: First, the environment of pumped storage power stations is complex, the construction scope is wide, and there are many types of structural buildings involved, which requires high space management; second, BIM technology has limited spatial analysis capabilities, and most optimization methods need to simplify the actual model in order to use BIM data to perform spatial analysis operations. However, the simplification of the model will lead to a lack of planning accuracy; finally, BIM model information lacks an effective analysis and evaluation platform, and the trends and relationships between information sets lack links, resulting in incomplete decision-making basis for users. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the embodiments of the present application is to provide an optimization method for construction site layout planning that integrates the advantages of BIM and GIS, so as to solve the technical problem that the existing technology cannot meet the high requirements for construction site space management, sophisticated planning and comprehensive decision-making basis.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the embodiment of the present application provides an optimization method for construction site layout planning integrating the advantages of BIM and GIS, comprising the following steps: constructing a BIM model of the construction site, converting it to generate a Shapefile file and importing it into GIS, and creating a two-dimensional construction site layout map;

[0006] Combine the two-dimensional construction site layout diagram with the engineering plan schedule to obtain a dynamic layout planning diagram;

[0007] The optimization functions are defined to optimize the total travel distance and safety level between facility points in the dynamic layout planning diagram respectively. The population-guided whale optimization algorithm is used to perform dual-objective optimization on the optimization function, thereby achieving the optimization of the construction site layout at each stage.

[0008] Preferably, the process of performing dual-objective optimization includes:

[0009] Initialize the coordinates of the centroids of the facilities in the construction site and evaluate the fitness value of each search agent;

[0010] Identify non-dominated solutions and save them in an external archive set, and calculate the crowding distance of each non-dominated solution;

[0011] Sort in descending order according to the crowding distance and select the global optimal position vector;

[0012] The external archive set is updated and the most congested non-dominated solution is removed. This process is repeated until the termination condition is reached to obtain the optimized location of the construction site facility points.

[0013] Preferably, combining means assigning a unique activity code to each construction activity and connecting the project plan schedule using the unique activity code.

[0014] Preferably, the optimization function for optimizing the total travel distance between facility points is:

[0015]

[0016] Where MinZ 1 is the optimization function of the total travel distance between facilities, f ijt is the travel frequency, d ijt is the actual distance between construction facility points i and j at the tth stage of the project, and T is the total number of construction stages of the power station.

[0017] Preferably, the optimization function for optimizing the safety level is:

[0018]

[0019] Where MinZ 2 is the optimization function of the safety level, C ij and L ijt are the proximity weight and Euclidean distance between construction facilities i and j, respectively, n is the total number of facilities, and T is the total number of power plant construction stages.

[0020] Preferably, the Euclidean distance formula:

[0021]

[0022] In the formula, (x it ,y it) and (x jt ,y jt ) represents the centroid coordinates of the available pixels of construction facility points i and j in stage t.

[0023] Preferably, an optimization function defining a security level is optimized according to a proximity weight matrix;

[0024] The proximity weight matrix is ​​obtained from a proximity weight coefficient comparison table, and the proximity weight coefficient comparison table is obtained by qualitative judgment by experts.

[0025] Preferably, creating means selecting polygonal elements in the Shapefile file according to the BIM model to obtain a two-dimensional polygon of the construction site, that is, a two-dimensional construction site layout diagram.

[0026] Preferably, the selecting refers to selecting according to the size of the elevation value of the polygonal element.

[0027] Preferably, a frequency estimation matrix needs to be obtained before optimizing the total travel distance between construction site facilities;

[0028] The frequency estimation matrix is ​​obtained from multiple travel frequency estimates;

[0029] Formula for obtaining trip frequency estimates:

[0030]

[0031] In the formula, is the travel frequency of material r from facility i to facility j using transport equipment t during construction stage g, Q ijrg is the total quantity of material r transported between facility i and facility j during construction phase g, C rt Represents the capacity of transport equipment t.

[0032] The beneficial effects of the present application are as follows: the present application imports the BIM model of the construction site into GIS, and creates a two-dimensional construction site layout map, and uses the two-dimensional construction site layout map to combine with the project plan schedule to obtain a dynamic layout planning map, and uses the dynamic layout planning map to visualize the construction scene, so that the real-time visualization of the construction scene meets the high requirements of construction site management; not only that, the present application also defines different optimization functions according to the total travel distance and safety level between facility points in the dynamic layout planning map, which greatly optimizes the total travel distance and safety level between facility points, ensures the shortest driving distance to each facility point in the dynamic layout planning map and the safety of the construction process, so that the planning schemes of the dynamic layout planning map are all optimal solutions, meeting the needs of clever planning; finally, the optimization function is optimized with two objectives, which meets the requirements of comprehensive construction site decision-making basis. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative labor.

[0034] Figure 1 An overall flow chart of an optimization method for construction site layout planning that integrates the advantages of BIM and GIS is provided in one embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and beneficial effects to be solved by the present application more clearly understood, the present application is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present application and are not used to limit the present application.

[0036] See also Figure 1 , an optimization method for construction site layout planning integrating the advantages of BIM and GIS is provided in an embodiment of the present application, comprising:

[0037] S1: Construction site modeling.

[0038] Build a BIM model of the construction site, use DIA to convert it to a Shapefile, and create a two-dimensional construction site layout map based on the BIM model imported into GIS.

[0039] 1. Build the BIM model of the construction site, convert it to generate Shapefile file, and import it into GIS to obtain the three-dimensional BIM model GIS format.

[0040] Using Autodesk Revit software, the pumped storage power station is 3D modeled according to the construction drawings, construction content, geological conditions and actual site conditions to build a complete BIM model. It is worth noting that the construction site in this embodiment refers to the pumped storage power station. There is no limitation on the construction site here and it can be selected according to the actual situation.

[0041] The ArcGIS software extension tool Data Interoperability extension for ArcGIS (DIA, ArcGIS data interoperability extension plug-in) is used to convert the BIM model in IFC format into a Shapefile file in spatial vector data format and import it into GIS.

[0042] Specifically, Shapefile is a spatial data open format developed by Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc. It is a vector data format used to represent point, line and polygon features, while recording their coordinates and attribute information. It can store geographic information system (GIS) data, and this application is used to represent polygon features.

[0043] 2. Create a two-dimensional construction site layout based on the BIM model imported into GIS.

[0044] Using ArcMap, a component of ArcGIS, the 3D BIM model imported into GIS is placed on the satellite image of the project area, and a 2D construction site layout is created using a coordinate system consistent with the actual location of the construction site map layer. The specific steps are as follows:

[0045] (1) Each component of the BIM model in the three-dimensional IFC format is defined as a polygonal element in the Shapefile file, and is selected based on the maximum and minimum values ​​of the elevation Z value of each polygonal element. The contour lines of each selected polygonal element (the boundary of the polygon in two dimensions) form the two-dimensional polygon of the construction site layer, and a two-dimensional construction site layout diagram is obtained. Among them, elevation refers to the vertical height of the ground or an object relative to a reference plane.

[0046] (2) A grid system is used to represent the site space. Pixel regions are created based on the actual coordinate system of the construction site map layer, and the site space is divided into multiple units using the pixel regions. Pixels in the total construction site unit that cannot be used to set up construction facilities, such as trees and columns, are identified and their status is changed to occupied. The remaining area is defined as available pixels.

[0047] (3) Assign a unique ID number to each pixel and add the actual area, elevation value, and x- and y-coordinate values ​​of the pixel centroid to the attribute table.

[0048] S2: Dynamic layout planning.

[0049] Combine the project schedule with the 2D construction site layout to define the time dimension in the construction site layout. The specific steps are as follows:

[0050] According to the project schedule, the entire project is divided into multiple stages, each stage contains specific construction activities, and the nature of the activities and the target location are determined. The specific construction tasks included in each construction activity are determined, and their logical relationships and priorities are clarified. Finally, the engineering plan schedule for the project construction is obtained, and the processes of each stage of the engineering plan schedule are mapped to the required resources, which refers to materials, manpower and equipment in this implementation. Based on the determined resources, they are mapped to the different facilities required during the construction activity process, thereby determining the activity time attributes of each facility.

[0051] Assign a unique activity code to each construction activity, including information such as location, component type, and task type, to link the project schedule, project schedule, and data in the BIM model. Add the construction date of each part of the project to the attribute table of each project, and use ArcGIS's Time Slider tool to visualize the layers in the two-dimensional construction site layout at different time points, which can be used as a simulation of construction sequencing to show changes in construction projects.

[0052] S3: Optimize construction site layout.

[0053] Optimization functions for optimizing the total travel distance and safety level between facility points are defined respectively, and the population-guided whale optimization algorithm is used to perform dual-objective optimization on the optimization function, thereby achieving the optimization of construction site layout at each stage.

[0054] 1. Optimize the total travel distance between facilities.

[0055] According to the data of the project schedule, VBA analysis method is used to estimate the travel frequency estimates of material transportation related facilities in each construction project stage, and these travel frequency estimates are saved in a travel frequency matrix. The grid method is used to estimate the actual shortest travel distance between facility points, and the optimization function is defined to optimize the total travel distance between each facility point.

[0056] Specifically, the specific process of using VBA analysis method to obtain the estimated value of travel frequency is as follows:

[0057] After assigning two pairs of facilities, material types and quantities, and material handling equipment of corresponding capacity to each task based on the data in the project schedule and BIM model according to the activity code, the estimated value of the travel frequency between the two pairs of facilities is calculated using the following formula:

[0058]

[0059] In the formula, is the travel frequency of material r from facility i to facility j using transport equipment t during construction stage g, Q ijrg is the total quantity of material r transported between facility i and facility j during construction phase g, C rt Represents the capacity of transport equipment t.

[0060] The grid method is used to estimate the actual shortest travel distance between facility points. The total travel distance between facility points is used as an optimization goal, and the optimization function of the total travel distance between facility points is defined as follows:

[0061]

[0062] Where MinZ1 is the optimization function of the total travel distance between facilities, f ijt is the travel frequency, d ijt is the actual distance between construction facility points i and j at the tth stage of the project, and T is the total number of construction stages of the power station.

[0063] 2. Optimize the safety level during construction and set area constraints and interference constraints based on the proximity weight matrix.

[0064] Ten technical experts from the pumped-storage power station construction project made a qualitative judgment on the necessity of the proximity relationship between different facilities, converted the proximity weight coefficient comparison table into numerical weights, created a proximity weight matrix, defined an optimization function to optimize the safety level during construction, and set regional constraints and interference constraints.

[0065] Specifically, the proximity weight of facilities describes the tendency of site planners to place facilities close to or far from each other. The qualitative expected relationship between facilities is divided into six levels: absolutely important (A), especially important (E), important (I), average (O), unimportant (U), and undesirable (X).

[0066] The proximity weight coefficient comparison table is as follows. When two facilities tend to be close to each other, the proximity weight value between them will be higher.

[0067]

[0068] Create a proximity weight matrix, take the safety level as another optimization objective, and define the optimization function of the safety level as follows:

[0069]

[0070] Where MinZ2 is the optimization function of the safety level, C ij and L ijt are the proximity weight and Euclidean distance between construction facilities i and j, respectively, n is the total number of facilities, and T is the total number of power plant construction stages.

[0071] The Euclidean distance between two facilities is calculated using the following formula:

[0072]

[0073] In the formula, (x it ,y it ) and (x jt ,y jt ) represents the centroid coordinates of the available pixels of construction facility points i and j in stage t.

[0074] Furthermore, regional constraints are performed, which means comparing the length and width of the facility points and the predetermined size of each facility with the pixel attributes of the construction placement area, and defining it within the sufficient area. Interference constraints are performed, which means defining the spatial relationship between the objects in the construction site to be non-overlapping.

[0075] 3. Use the population-guided whale optimization algorithm to perform dual-objective optimization on the optimization function.

[0076] The population-guided whale optimization algorithm (GPA-WOA) is used to perform dual-objective optimization on the optimization function to obtain the Pareto frontier solution set, and a solution is selected from the Pareto frontier solution set as the final optimization solution. The optimized location of temporary facility points at the construction site is provided in the form of a Shapefile file.

[0077] Specifically, the whale in the GPA-WOA algorithm represents the coordinates of the centroid of the construction facility point, and the dimension of each search agent is the number of construction facilities. The specific steps are as follows:

[0078] (1) Initialize the whale population, that is, the coordinate value of each construction facility is randomly selected from the coordinates of the centroid of the available pixels. The coordinate values ​​of these construction facilities represent the location of the facilities in the construction area. The direction of the construction facilities is randomly set, and the orientation is defined according to its length. There is no restriction on the orientation here, and it can be parallel to the x-axis or perpendicular to the x-axis.

[0079] (2) Evaluate the fitness value of each search agent in the whale population.

[0080] (3) Identify non-dominated solutions and save them in an external archive set, where the non-dominated solution refers to the best solution found, which is the optimal solution to the optimization objective.

[0081] (4) Calculate the crowding distance of each non-dominated solution in the external archive set and sort them in descending order according to the crowding distance.

[0082] (5) Update the coefficient vector based on the following formula and

[0083]

[0084] (6) Randomly select a leader vector from the top of the sorted external archive set as the global optimal position vector.

[0085] (7) Update the positions of all search agents based on the following formula:

[0086]

[0087] (8) Update the external archive set and remove the most crowded solution, and loop (2)-(7) until the algorithm termination criterion is reached. Finally, return the external archive set as the final Pareto frontier, that is, the optimal location of the temporary facility points at the construction site is obtained.

[0088] Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the units and algorithm steps of each example described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are performed in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Professional and technical personnel can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered to be beyond the scope of this application.

[0089] The embodiments described above are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, rather than to limit them. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, a person skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments may still be modified, or some of the technical features may be replaced by equivalents. Such modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, and should all be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. An optimization method for construction site layout planning integrating the advantages of BIM and GIS, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Build a BIM model of the construction site, convert it to generate a Shapefile file and import it into GIS to create a two-dimensional construction site layout map; Combining the two-dimensional construction site layout diagram with the engineering plan schedule to obtain a dynamic layout planning diagram; The optimization functions are defined to optimize the total travel distance and safety level between facility points in the dynamic layout planning diagram respectively. The population-guided whale optimization algorithm is used to perform dual-objective optimization on the optimization function, thereby achieving the optimization of the construction site layout at each stage.

2. The optimization method for construction site layout planning integrating the advantages of BIM and GIS according to claim 1, characterized in that: The process of performing dual-objective optimization includes: Initialize the coordinates of the centroids of the facilities in the construction site and evaluate the fitness value of each search agent; identifying non-dominated solutions and saving them in an external archive set, and calculating a crowding distance for each of the non-dominated solutions; Arrange in descending order according to the crowding distance, and select the global optimal position vector; The external archive set is updated and the most crowded non-dominated solution is removed, and this process is repeated until the termination condition is reached to obtain the optimized location of the construction site facility point.

3. The optimization method for construction site layout planning integrating the advantages of BIM and GIS according to claim 2, characterized in that: The combining refers to assigning a unique activity code to each construction activity and using the unique activity code to connect the project plan schedule.

4. The optimization method for construction site layout planning integrating the advantages of BIM and GIS according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The optimization function for optimizing the total travel distance between the facilities is: Where MinZ1 is the optimization function of the total travel distance between each facility point, f ijt is the travel frequency, d ijt is the actual distance between construction facility points i and j at the tth stage of the project, and T is the total number of construction stages of the power station.

5. The optimization method for construction site layout planning integrating the advantages of BIM and GIS according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The optimization function for optimizing the safety level is: Where MinZ2 is the optimization function of the safety level, C ij and L ijt are the proximity weight and Euclidean distance between construction facilities i and j, respectively, n is the total number of facilities, and T is the total number of power plant construction stages.

6. The optimization method for construction site layout planning integrating the advantages of BIM and GIS according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The Euclidean distance formula: In the formula, (x it ,y it ) and (x jt ,y jt ) represents the centroid coordinates of the available pixels of construction facility points i and j in stage t.

7. The optimization method for construction site layout planning integrating the advantages of BIM and GIS according to claim 5 is characterized in that: optimizing an optimization function defining said security level according to a proximity weight matrix; The proximity weight matrix is ​​obtained from a proximity weight coefficient comparison table, and the proximity weight coefficient comparison table is obtained by qualitative judgment by experts.

8. The optimization method for construction site layout planning integrating the advantages of BIM and GIS according to claim 1, characterized in that: The creating refers to selecting polygonal elements in the Shapefile file according to the BIM model to obtain a two-dimensional polygon of the construction site, that is, a two-dimensional construction site layout diagram.

9. The optimization method for construction site layout planning integrating the advantages of BIM and GIS according to claim 8, characterized in that: The selection refers to selection based on the size of the elevation value of the polygon element.

10. The optimization method for construction site layout planning integrating the advantages of BIM and GIS according to claim 4, characterized in that: Before optimizing the total travel distance between the construction site facilities, it is necessary to obtain a frequency estimation matrix; The frequency estimation matrix is ​​obtained from a plurality of travel frequency estimation values; The formula for obtaining the estimated value of the travel frequency is: In the formula, is the travel frequency of material r from facility i to facility j using transport equipment t during construction stage g, Q ijrg is the total quantity of material r transported between facility i and facility j during construction phase g, C rt Represents the capacity of transport equipment t.

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