Quantitative characterization method for transformation effect of meteorite impact on prior structure

Abstract

The invention relates to a quantitative characterization method for the transformation effect of meteorite impact on a prior structure, and the method comprises the steps: constructing an initial geological model based on the obtained geological data information and seismic data information of a research region; carrying out structural physical simulation on the initial geological model to form a pre-stored geological model, and carrying out three-dimensional accurate imaging on the pre-stored geological model by utilizing industrial CT (Computed Tomography) to obtain a pre-stored structural model before impact; and simulating the aerolite impact effect, performing three-dimensional accurate imaging on the pre-stored geologic model after impact simulation by using industrial CT, and establishing a three-dimensional structure model after impact. Through imaging before and after impact and comparison of the three-dimensional structure model, the transformation result of the meteorite impact effect on the pre-storage structure is determined, and the effect of quantitatively researching the transformation effect of the meteorite impact effect on the pre-storage structure model can be achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a quantitative characterization method for the modification effect of meteorite impact on pre-existing structures. Background Art

[0002] Since the 19th century, the physical simulation experiment of structural deformation in the experimental sandbox has been widely used in the study of structural deformation in oil and gas sedimentary basins. It is an important means to study complex structural deformation and its mechanism, and it is also an important way to quantitatively analyze and evaluate the formation and evolution of oil and gas structural closures. In addition to forming meteorite craters on the surface, meteorite impacts can also cause fault activation in the impact area, forming a series of meteorite-related associated structures. After the meteorite impact in the oil and gas basin, the pre-existing faults in the ground are further activated, which can cause changes in the fault's ability to seal oil and gas. On the one hand, oil and gas are transported along the activated faults to form oil and gas reservoirs. On the other hand, the oil reservoirs formed earlier may migrate again along the activated faults or even be lost. Therefore, it is very necessary to study the transformation effect of meteorite impact on pre-existing structures in oil and gas basins. Summary of the invention

[0003] In order to quantitatively characterize the transformation effect of meteorite impact on pre-existing structures in oil and gas basins, the present invention proposes a quantitative characterization method for the transformation effect of meteorite impact on pre-existing structures. The technical solution proposed by the present invention is as follows:

[0004] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for quantitatively characterizing the effect of meteorite impact on pre-existing structures, comprising:

[0005] Construct an initial geological model based on the acquired geological data and seismic data of the study area;

[0006] According to the structural characteristics of the geological prototype in the study area and the geological data, the initial geological model is physically simulated to obtain a pre-existing structural model;

[0007] Acquiring a first CT scan image of the pre-existing structural model, and performing three-dimensional reconstruction on the first CT scan image to obtain a three-dimensional structural model before the impact;

[0008] Acquire a second CT scan image of the pre-existing structural model after the meteorite impact simulation, and perform three-dimensional reconstruction on the second CT scan image to obtain a three-dimensional structural model after the impact;

[0009] Based on the three-dimensional structural model before the impact and the three-dimensional structural model after the impact, the transformation result of the meteorite impact on the pre-existing structure is determined.

[0010] In one or some embodiments, the initial geological model is constructed in the following manner:

[0011] According to the geological data and seismic data of the study area, the structural characteristics, fault distribution characteristics and lithological stratigraphic characteristics of the study area are obtained;

[0012] According to the lithological and stratigraphic characteristics of the study area, brittle deformation materials were used to simulate brittle deformation strata and brittle debonding layers;

[0013] According to the fault distribution characteristics of the study area, plastic deformation materials are used to simulate plastic deformation of salt rock and plastic slip layer;

[0014] The model is laid out in an interlayer manner using materials of different colors based on the structural features, and the size of the geological prototype is reduced by a preset ratio to obtain the initial geological model.

[0015] In one or some embodiments, the brittle deformation material is quartz sand and glass beads; the brittle deformation material is used to simulate the brittle deformation formation and the brittle slip layer according to the lithological formation characteristics of the study area, including:

[0016] According to the lithological and stratigraphic characteristics of the study area, quartz sand and glass beads were used to simulate the brittle deformation strata and brittle debonding layers.

[0017] In one or some embodiments, the plastic deformation material is silica gel; and according to the fault distribution characteristics of the study area, the plastic deformation material is used to simulate the plastic deformation of salt rock and plastic slip layer, including:

[0018] According to the fault distribution characteristics of the study area, silica gel was used to simulate the plastic deformation of salt rock and plastic slip layer.

[0019] In one or some embodiments, the physical simulation of the initial geological model is performed according to the structural characteristics of the geological prototype of the study area and the geological data to obtain the pre-existing structural model, including:

[0020] Determine the structural deformation parameters based on the structural characteristics of the geological prototype and geological data in the study area;

[0021] Based on the structural deformation parameters, as well as the similarities between the geological prototype and the experimental model in the study area in geometry, kinematics and dynamics, the initial geological model is physically simulated to obtain a pre-existing structural model.

[0022] In one or some embodiments, determining the transformation result of the meteorite impact on the pre-existing structure based on the three-dimensional structural model before the impact and the three-dimensional structural model after the impact includes:

[0023] The three-dimensional structural model before the impact is compared with the three-dimensional structural model after the impact to determine the top surface morphology change parameters, internal structure change parameters, fault distribution change parameters, fault morphology change parameters and structural boundary change parameters of the pre-existing structural model before and after the impact.

[0024] In one or some embodiments, meteorite impact simulation is performed in the following manner:

[0025] A metal ball is used to simulate a meteorite, and the metal ball is freely dropped from a preset height and hits the pre-stored geological model to simulate the impact of the meteorite.

[0026] In one or some embodiments, the method further comprises:

[0027] Changing the shape parameters of the metal ball, acquiring a second CT scan image corresponding to the changed shape parameters, and performing three-dimensional reconstruction to obtain an updated three-dimensional structural model;

[0028] Based on the three-dimensional imaging of the pre-existing structure and the updated three-dimensional structure model, the transformation results of different meteorite impacts on the pre-existing structure are determined.

[0029] In one or some embodiments, before determining the transformation result of the meteorite impact on the pre-existing structure based on the three-dimensional structural model before the impact and the three-dimensional structural model after the impact, the method further includes:

[0030] The images before and after the impact in the three-dimensional structural model before the impact and the three-dimensional structural model after the impact are aligned so that the pixel positions corresponding to the same geographical location in the two images are consistent.

[0031] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a quantitative characterization system for the transformation effect of meteorite impact on pre-existing structures, including: a sand box physical model experimental device, a CT scanning device, a metal sphere dropping device and a computing and processing device;

[0032] The metal sphere dropping device is arranged above the sand box physical model experimental device;

[0033] The sandbox physical model experimental device is used to construct an initial geological model based on the acquired geological data and seismic data of the study area; perform physical simulation on the initial geological model according to the structural characteristics of the geological prototype of the study area and the geological data to obtain a pre-existing structural model;

[0034] The metal sphere dropping device is used to simulate the meteorite impact on the pre-existing structural model;

[0035] The CT scanning device is used to scan the pre-existing structural model before the meteorite impact simulation to obtain a first CT scanning image, and to scan the pre-existing structural model after the meteorite impact simulation to obtain a second CT scanning image;

[0036] The computing and processing device is connected to the CT scanning device, and is used to perform three-dimensional reconstruction on the first CT scanning image obtained to obtain a three-dimensional structural model before the impact, and to perform three-dimensional reconstruction on the second CT scanning image obtained to obtain a three-dimensional structural model after the impact, and based on the three-dimensional structural model before the impact and the three-dimensional structural model after the impact, determine the transformation result of the meteorite impact on the pre-existing structure.

[0037] Based on the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention compared with the prior art are as follows:

[0038] The quantitative characterization method for the transformation of pre-existing structures by meteorite impact provided by the present invention is to construct an initial geological model based on the geological data and seismic data of the study area; perform structural physical simulation on the initial geological model to form a pre-existing geological model, and use industrial CT to perform three-dimensional precise imaging of the pre-existing geological model to obtain a pre-existing structural model before the impact. Simulate the impact of a meteorite, use industrial CT to perform three-dimensional precise imaging of the pre-existing geological model after the impact simulation, and establish a three-dimensional structural model after the impact. By comparing the imaging before and after the impact and the three-dimensional structural model, the transformation result of the meteorite impact on the pre-existing structure can be determined, so as to achieve the effect of quantitatively studying the transformation effect of the meteorite impact on the pre-existing structural model.

[0039] Other features and advantages of the present invention will be described in the following description, and partly become apparent from the description, or understood by practicing the present invention. The purpose and other advantages of the present invention are realized and obtained by the structures particularly pointed out in the description, claims and drawings.

[0040] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, preferred embodiments are given below and described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0041] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific implementation methods of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the specific implementation methods or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some implementation methods of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0042] Figure 1 It is a schematic flow chart of a method for quantitatively characterizing the effect of meteorite impact on the transformation of pre-existing structures provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 2 It is another schematic flow chart of a method for quantitatively characterizing the effect of meteorite impact on pre-existing structural transformation provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of CT scanning imaging of a structural physics simulation experiment provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of a system for quantitatively characterizing the effect of meteorite impact on the transformation of pre-existing structures provided by an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0046] The exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Although the exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the accompanying drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments set forth herein. On the contrary, these embodiments are provided to enable a more thorough understanding of the present disclosure and to fully convey the scope of the present disclosure to those skilled in the art.

[0047] Exemplary embodiments will be described in detail herein, examples of which are shown in the accompanying drawings. When the following description refers to the drawings, the same numbers in different drawings represent the same or similar elements unless otherwise indicated. The embodiments described in the following exemplary embodiments do not represent all embodiments consistent with the present invention. Instead, they are merely examples of devices and methods consistent with some aspects of the present invention as detailed in the appended claims.

[0048] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship, are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0049] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0050] Since the 19th century, the physical simulation experiment of structural deformation in the experimental sandbox has been widely used in the study of structural deformation in oil and gas sedimentary basins. It is an important means to study complex structural deformation and its mechanism, and it is also an important way to quantitatively analyze and evaluate the formation and evolution of oil and gas structural closures. The inventor found in his work that in addition to forming meteorite craters on the surface, meteorite impacts can also cause fault activation in the impact area, forming a series of meteorite-related associated structures. After the meteorite impact in the oil and gas basin, the pre-existing faults in the underground are further activated, which can cause changes in the fault's ability to seal oil and gas. On the one hand, oil and gas are transported along the activated faults to form oil and gas reservoirs. On the other hand, the oil reservoirs formed earlier may migrate again along the activated faults or even be lost. Therefore, it is very necessary to study the transformation effect of meteorite impact on pre-existing structures in oil and gas basins. After searching, there is currently no technology that is the same or similar to this technology, which cannot meet the inventor's expectations. After further research and development, the inventor made the present invention. In order to improve the geological understanding of the transformation effect of meteorite impact on complex tectonic belts, this technical invention aims to study an experimental technical method and device that can simulate the transformation effect of meteorite impact on the geological model in the sandbox.

[0051] Embodiment 1

[0052] The embodiment of the present invention provides a method for quantitatively characterizing the effect of meteorite impact on the transformation of pre-existing structures, referring to Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, including:

[0053] S101. construct an initial geological model based on the acquired geological data and seismic data of the study area;

[0054] Obtain geological and seismic data of the study area to clarify the structural style, fault distribution, lithology and stratigraphy of the study area; propose hypotheses on the structural evolution of the study area through structural interpretation and other methods, including the formation and evolution of faults, the activity periods of the study area and the structural deformation in each period; according to the principle of structural physical simulation experiment, reduce the actual geological model to the laboratory model size at a certain similarity ratio and the geological prototype size to the preset ratio, including the overall length, width and height of the model, so as to ensure the geometric similarity between the initial geological prototype and the experimental model.

[0055] S102, performing physical simulation on the initial geological model according to the structural characteristics of the geological prototype of the study area and the geological data to obtain a pre-existing structural model;

[0056] According to the structural characteristics of the geological prototype in the study area and the geological data obtained in the early stage, the structural deformation parameters of the experimental model are determined based on the similarity criterion to ensure the similarity between the geological prototype and the experimental model in geometry, kinematics and dynamics, and a pre-existing structural model is established to start the simulation experiment with the formulated experimental parameters. The above structural deformation parameters include compression distance, extension distance, strike-slip distance, speed, etc.

[0057] Specifically, collect geological data related to the study area, including geological maps, borehole data, seismic profiles, geophysical data, etc., which will provide the basis for establishing a pre-existing tectonic model. Carefully analyze the geological characteristics of the study area, including structural morphology, lithology, faults, folds, etc. Establish a geological model based on the collected geological data and analyzed geological characteristics. Determine the sequence of tectonic events based on the geological model and geological characteristics. Tectonic events refer to tectonic activities that occurred in geological history, such as fault movement, fold formation, etc. By determining the sequence of tectonic events, the time and order of tectonic evolution can be inferred. Based on the determined sequence of tectonic events, the geological model is physically simulated to obtain a pre-existing tectonic model.

[0058] S103, acquiring a first CT scan image of the pre-existing structural model, and performing three-dimensional reconstruction on the first CT scan image to obtain a three-dimensional structural model before the impact;

[0059] The results of the physical simulation experiment of structural deformation were scanned by industrial CT, and the scanned images were reconstructed in three dimensions using industrial CT image reconstruction software, that is, three-dimensional precise imaging was performed to obtain a three-dimensional structural model before the impact. Figure 3 The figure shows the CT scan image of the structural physics simulation experiment.

[0060] S104, obtaining a second CT scan image of the pre-existing structural model after the meteorite impact simulation, and performing three-dimensional reconstruction on the second CT scan image to obtain a three-dimensional structural model after the impact;

[0061] The industrial CT is used to scan the results of the physical simulation experiment on the structural deformation after the impact, and the scanned images are reconstructed in three dimensions using the industrial CT image reconstruction software, that is, three-dimensional precise imaging is performed to obtain a three-dimensional structural model after the impact.

[0062] S105. Determine the transformation result of the meteorite impact on the pre-existing structure based on the three-dimensional structural model before the impact and the three-dimensional structural model after the impact.

[0063] The present invention belongs to the physical simulation of structural deformation in earth science and petroleum industry, and specifically relates to a quantitative characterization method for the transformation effect of meteorite impact on pre-existing structures in oil and gas basins. The method is applied to the meteorite impact area, and the effect of quantitatively studying the transformation effect of the impact on the pre-existing structural model is achieved through industrial CT scanning imaging of the physical model before and after the meteorite impact and three-dimensional model comparison. Specifically, the quantitative characterization method for the transformation effect of the meteorite impact on the pre-existing structure provided by the present invention is to construct an initial geological model based on the geological data and seismic data of the study area obtained; the initial geological model is subjected to structural physical simulation to form a pre-existing geological model, and the pre-existing geological model can be accurately imaged in three dimensions using industrial CT to obtain the pre-existing structural model before the impact. The meteorite impact is simulated, and the pre-existing geological model after the impact simulation is accurately imaged in three dimensions using industrial CT to establish a three-dimensional structural model after the impact. By comparing the imaging before and after the impact and the three-dimensional structural model, the transformation result of the meteorite impact on the pre-existing structure is determined, and the effect of quantitatively studying the transformation effect of the meteorite impact on the pre-existing structural model can be achieved.

[0064] In an optional embodiment, the initial geological model in the above step S101 is constructed in the following manner:

[0065] S1011. Obtain the structural characteristics, fault distribution characteristics and lithological stratigraphic characteristics of the study area based on the geological data and seismic data of the study area;

[0066] Collect geological data such as geological maps, geological profiles, drilling data, geophysical data, etc. of the study area. These data can provide information about geological structures and lithological strata. Interpret the collected geological data to identify and describe the structural characteristics, fault distribution characteristics, and lithological strata characteristics of the study area. By observing geological maps and geological profiles, structural characteristics such as faults, folds, and lithological changes can be identified. Process and interpret the collected seismic data. Seismic data can provide information on underground structures and structural characteristics. By analyzing the reflection waveform, amplitude, spectrum, and other characteristics of seismic data, structural characteristics such as faults, folds, and lithological changes can be identified. The specific process can be referred to the description in the prior art, which will not be repeated here.

[0067] S1012. According to the lithological and stratigraphic characteristics of the study area, brittle deformation materials are used to simulate brittle deformation strata and brittle slip layers;

[0068] According to the characteristics of the lithology and strata, the parameters of the brittle deformation material are set, including elastic modulus, Poisson's ratio, shear strength, friction angle, etc.

[0069] S1013. According to the fault distribution characteristics in the study area, plastic deformation materials are used to simulate plastically deformed salt rock and plastic slip layers;

[0070] According to the fault distribution data of the study area, including the location, strike, dip and other information of the fault, these data can provide basic information about the fault characteristics. According to the fault distribution data, the plastic constitutive parameters, friction angle, internal friction angle and other parameters of the plastic deformation material are set.

[0071] S1014, laying out the model in the form of interlayers of different colored materials based on the structural features, and reducing the size of the geological prototype by a preset ratio to obtain the initial geological model.

[0072] The model is laid out in layers of different colored materials so that the structural features inside the model can be observed more clearly.

[0073] In an optional embodiment, the brittle deformation material in the above step S1012 is quartz sand and glass beads; the brittle deformation material is used to simulate the brittle deformation formation and the brittle debonding layer according to the lithological formation characteristics of the study area, including:

[0074] According to the lithological and stratigraphic characteristics of the study area, quartz sand and glass beads were used to simulate the brittle deformation strata and brittle debonding layers.

[0075] According to the similarity principle of structural physical simulation experiments, appropriate experimental materials are selected. The fracture of loose quartz sand under external stress conforms to the rock fracture criterion in nature. The present invention uses quartz sand to simulate the structural deformation of real underground rocks, and there are differences in the density of quartz sand of different particle sizes. The initial geological model formed by structural physical simulation can be accurately imaged in three dimensions using industrial CT to form a structural model of the internal structure of the three-dimensional model before impact. After selecting the brittle deformation material, the parameters of quartz sand and glass beads are set according to the characteristics of the lithology and strata, including elastic modulus, Poisson's ratio, shear strength, friction angle, etc.

[0076] In an optional embodiment, the plastic deformation material in the above step S1013 is silica gel; the method of using the plastic deformation material to simulate the plastic deformation of salt rock and plastic debonding layer according to the fault distribution characteristics of the study area includes:

[0077] According to the fault distribution characteristics of the study area, silica gel was used to simulate the plastic deformation of salt rock and plastic slip layer.

[0078] According to the fault distribution data of the study area, including the location, strike, dip and other information of the fault, these data can provide basic information about the fault characteristics. According to the fault distribution characteristics, the plastic constitutive parameters, friction angle, internal friction angle and so on of the silica gel are set.

[0079] In an optional embodiment, the above step S102 performs physical simulation on the initial geological model according to the structural characteristics of the geological prototype of the study area and the geological data to obtain the pre-existing structural model, including:

[0080] S1021. Determine structural deformation parameters based on the structural characteristics of the geological prototype and geological data in the study area;

[0081] Collect geological data of the study area, including geological maps, geological profiles, seismic data, gravity data, magnetic data, etc. These data can provide information about geological structures, such as fault locations, structural lines, lithology changes, etc. Interpret the collected geological data to identify and describe the structural characteristics of the study area. This includes identifying structural features such as faults, folds, lithology changes, and obtaining the above-mentioned structural deformation parameters. Based on the known structural features and geological data, a model can be established to simulate the process of structural deformation. The simulation can be based on physical principles, mechanical models, or statistical models.

[0082] S1022. Based on the structural deformation parameters and the similarities between the geological prototype and the experimental model in geometry, kinematics and dynamics of the study area, the initial geological model is physically simulated to obtain a pre-existing structural model.

[0083] In an optional embodiment, the present invention uses a metal sphere to simulate a meteorite, and the sphere falls freely from a high altitude and enters a sand box model to simulate the impact of a meteorite. The meteorite impact simulation is performed in the following manner:

[0084] A metal ball is used to simulate a meteorite, and the metal ball is freely dropped from a preset height and hits the pre-stored geological model to simulate the impact of the meteorite. The preset height can be set according to actual simulation needs and is not specifically limited here.

[0085] In an optional embodiment, the method further includes:

[0086] S106. Change the shape parameters of the metal ball, obtain a second CT scan image corresponding to the changed shape parameters, and perform three-dimensional reconstruction to obtain an updated three-dimensional structural model; based on the three-dimensional imaging of the pre-existing structure and the updated three-dimensional structural model, determine the transformation results of different meteorite impacts on the pre-existing structure.

[0087] By changing the shape parameters of the metal ball and repeating the above steps S104-S105, the transformation effect of meteorite impacts of different sizes on the pre-existing structures in the oil and gas basin can be simulated.

[0088] In an optional embodiment, the step S105 described above, based on the three-dimensional structural model before the impact and the three-dimensional structural model after the impact, determining the transformation result of the meteorite impact on the pre-existing structure includes:

[0089] S1051. Compare the three-dimensional structural model before the impact with the three-dimensional structural model after the impact to determine the top surface morphology change parameters, internal structure change parameters, fault distribution change parameters, fault morphology change parameters and structural boundary change parameters of the pre-existing structural model before and after the impact.

[0090] Compare the two images before and after the impact, quantitatively study the changes in the top surface morphology, internal structure, fault distribution, fault morphology, structural boundary, etc. of the pre-existing structure before and after the impact, and quantitatively study the transformation effect of the meteorite impact on the pre-existing structure. Specifically, the images before and after the impact in the three-dimensional structural model before the impact and the three-dimensional structural model after the impact are registered, that is, the two images are aligned so that the pixel positions corresponding to the same geographical location in the two images are consistent. Specifically, image processing software or computer vision algorithms can be used for image registration. Structural features are extracted from the registered images, including top surface morphology, internal structure, fault distribution, fault morphology, structural boundary, etc. Image processing and analysis software, such as GIS software, remote sensing image processing software, etc., can be used for feature extraction. Quantitative analysis is performed based on the extracted structural features. Various calculation methods and indicators, such as area change, length change, angle change, density change, etc., can be used to quantify the degree of structural change. Statistical analysis and visual display of the quantitative results are performed. Statistical software and data visualization tools, such as Excel, Python, and MATLAB, can be used to analyze and plot data to better understand and present the results of tectonic changes. Interpret and discuss the results based on the quantitative results. Analyze the causes and mechanisms of tectonic changes, explore the role of meteorite impacts in modifying pre-existing structures, and compare and discuss with geological theories and previous studies.

[0091] Embodiment 2

[0092] The embodiment of the present invention provides a quantitative characterization system for the effect of meteorite impact on the transformation of pre-existing structures, referring to Figure 4 As shown, it includes: a sand box physical model experimental device 201, a CT scanning device 202, a metal sphere dropping device 203 and a computing and processing device 204; the present invention is based on the CT scanning device 202 with CT scanning imaging function and the sand box physical model experimental device 201, and a metal sphere dropping device 203 is added to simulate the impact of a meteorite.

[0093] The metal ball dropping device 203 is arranged above the sand box physical model experimental device 201;

[0094] The sandbox physical model experimental device 201 is used to construct an initial geological model based on the acquired geological data and seismic data of the study area; perform physical simulation on the initial geological model according to the structural characteristics of the geological prototype of the study area and the geological data to obtain a pre-existing structural model;

[0095] The metal sphere dropping device 203 is used to simulate the meteorite impact on the pre-existing structural model;

[0096] The CT scanning device 202 is used to scan the pre-existing structural model before the meteorite impact simulation to obtain a first CT scanning image, and to scan the pre-existing structural model after the meteorite impact simulation to obtain a second CT scanning image;

[0097] The computing and processing device 204 is connected to the CT scanning device 202, and is used to perform three-dimensional reconstruction on the first CT scanning image obtained to obtain a three-dimensional structural model before the impact, and to perform three-dimensional reconstruction on the second CT scanning image obtained to obtain a three-dimensional structural model after the impact, and based on the three-dimensional structural model before the impact and the three-dimensional structural model after the impact, determine the transformation result of the meteorite impact on the pre-existing structure.

[0098] The computing and processing device mentioned above is an electronic device with computing capability, such as a computer.

[0099] In the embodiment of the present invention, the quantitative characterization system for the modification effect of meteorite impact on pre-existing structures corresponds to the quantitative characterization method for the modification effect of meteorite impact on pre-existing structures described in the above-mentioned embodiment 1. Its specific implementation process can refer to the process of quantitative characterization of the modification effect of meteorite impact on pre-existing structures using the quantitative characterization method in the above-mentioned embodiment 1, and the repeated parts will not be repeated here.

[0100] In this document, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprises" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. The orientation or position relationship indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", etc. is based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operate in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0101] Each embodiment in this specification is described in a progressive manner, and the same or similar parts between the embodiments can be referred to each other, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. It should be noted that the embodiments of the present invention and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other without conflict. The present invention is not limited to any single aspect, any single embodiment, or any combination and / or permutation of these aspects and / or embodiments. Each aspect and / or embodiment of the present invention can be used alone, or in combination with one or more other aspects and / or other embodiments.

[0102] Finally, it should be noted that the above-described embodiments are only specific implementations of the present invention, which are used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit them. The protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the above-described embodiments, ordinary technicians in the field should understand that any technician familiar with the technical field can still modify the technical solutions recorded in the above-described embodiments within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, or can easily think of changes, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein; and these modifications, changes or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for quantitatively characterizing the effect of meteorite impact on the transformation of pre-existing structures in oil and gas basins, characterized in that: include: Construct an initial geological model based on the acquired geological data and seismic data of the study area; According to the structural characteristics of the geological prototype in the study area and the geological data, the initial geological model is physically simulated to obtain a pre-existing structural model; Acquiring a first CT scan image of the pre-existing structural model, and performing three-dimensional reconstruction on the first CT scan image to obtain a three-dimensional structural model before the impact; Acquire a second CT scan image of the pre-existing structural model after the meteorite impact simulation, and perform three-dimensional reconstruction on the second CT scan image to obtain a three-dimensional structural model after the impact; Based on the three-dimensional structural model before the impact and the three-dimensional structural model after the impact, the transformation result of the meteorite impact on the pre-existing structure is determined.

2. The method for quantitatively characterizing the effect of meteorite impact on the transformation of pre-existing structures in oil and gas basins according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The initial geological model is constructed in the following manner: According to the geological data and seismic data of the study area, the structural characteristics, fault distribution characteristics and lithological stratigraphic characteristics of the study area are obtained; According to the lithological and stratigraphic characteristics of the study area, brittle deformation materials were used to simulate brittle deformation strata and brittle debonding layers; According to the fault distribution characteristics of the study area, plastic deformation materials are used to simulate plastic deformation of salt rock and plastic slip layer; The model is laid out in an interlayer manner using materials of different colors based on the structural features, and the size of the geological prototype is reduced by a preset ratio to obtain the initial geological model.

3. The method for quantitatively characterizing the effect of meteorite impact on the transformation of pre-existing structures in oil and gas basins according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The brittle deformation material is quartz sand and glass beads; according to the lithological and stratigraphic characteristics of the study area, the brittle deformation material is used to simulate the brittle deformation stratum and the brittle slip layer, including: According to the lithological and stratigraphic characteristics of the study area, quartz sand and glass beads were used to simulate the brittle deformation strata and brittle debonding layers.

4. The method for quantitatively characterizing the effect of meteorite impact on the transformation of pre-existing structures in oil and gas basins according to claim 2, characterized in that: The plastic deformation material is silica gel; according to the fault distribution characteristics of the study area, the plastic deformation material is used to simulate the plastic deformation of salt rock and plastic slip layer, including: According to the fault distribution characteristics of the study area, silica gel was used to simulate the plastic deformation of salt rock and plastic slip layer.

5. The method for quantitatively characterizing the effect of meteorite impact on the transformation of pre-existing structures in oil and gas basins according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method of physically simulating the initial geological model according to the structural characteristics of the geological prototype of the study area and the geological data to obtain a pre-existing structural model includes: According to the structural characteristics and geological data of the geological prototype in the study area, the structural deformation parameters are determined based on the similarity between the geological prototype in the study area and the experimental model in geometry, kinematics and dynamics; Based on the structural deformation parameters, the initial geological model is physically simulated to obtain a pre-existing structural model.

6. The method for quantitatively characterizing the effect of meteorite impact on the transformation of pre-existing structures in oil and gas basins according to claim 1, characterized in that: The determining of the transformation result of the meteorite impact on the pre-existing structure based on the three-dimensional structural model before the impact and the three-dimensional structural model after the impact includes: The three-dimensional structural model before the impact is compared with the three-dimensional structural model after the impact to determine the top surface morphology change parameters, internal structure change parameters, fault distribution change parameters, fault morphology change parameters and structural boundary change parameters of the pre-existing structural model before and after the impact.

7. The method for quantitatively characterizing the effect of meteorite impact on the transformation of pre-existing structures in oil and gas basins according to claim 1, characterized in that: Meteorite impact simulation is performed in the following way: A metal ball is used to simulate a meteorite, and the metal ball is freely dropped from a preset height and hits the pre-stored geological model to simulate the impact of the meteorite.

8. The method for quantitatively characterizing the effect of meteorite impact on the transformation of pre-existing structures in oil and gas basins according to claim 7, characterized in that: The method further comprises: Changing the shape parameters of the metal ball, acquiring a second CT scan image corresponding to the changed shape parameters, and performing three-dimensional reconstruction to obtain an updated three-dimensional structural model; Based on the three-dimensional imaging of the pre-existing structure and the updated three-dimensional structure model, the transformation results of different meteorite impacts on the pre-existing structure are determined.

9. The method for quantitatively characterizing the effect of meteorite impact on the transformation of pre-existing structures in oil and gas basins according to claim 1, characterized in that: Before determining the transformation result of the meteorite impact on the pre-existing structure based on the three-dimensional structural model before the impact and the three-dimensional structural model after the impact, the method further includes: The images before and after the impact in the three-dimensional structural model before the impact and the three-dimensional structural model after the impact are registered so that the pixel positions corresponding to the same geographical location in the two images are consistent.

10. A quantitative characterization system for the effect of meteorite impact on the transformation of pre-existing structures in oil and gas basins, characterized in that: include: Sand box physical model experimental device, CT scanning device, metal sphere dropping device and computing processing device; The metal sphere dropping device is arranged above the sand box physical model experimental device; The sandbox physical model experimental device is used to construct an initial geological model based on the acquired geological data and seismic data of the study area; perform physical simulation on the initial geological model according to the structural characteristics of the geological prototype of the study area and the geological data to obtain a pre-existing structural model; The metal sphere dropping device is used to simulate the meteorite impact on the pre-existing structural model; The CT scanning device is used to scan the pre-existing structural model before the meteorite impact simulation to obtain a first CT scanning image, and to scan the pre-existing structural model after the meteorite impact simulation to obtain a second CT scanning image; The computing and processing device is connected to the CT scanning device, and is used to perform three-dimensional reconstruction on the first CT scanning image obtained to obtain a three-dimensional structural model before the impact, and to perform three-dimensional reconstruction on the second CT scanning image obtained to obtain a three-dimensional structural model after the impact, and based on the three-dimensional structural model before the impact and the three-dimensional structural model after the impact, determine the transformation result of the meteorite impact on the pre-existing structure.

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