A three-dimensional and difference network and implementation method

Abstract

The application discloses a three-dimensional sum-and-difference network and an implementation method, relates to the technical field of microwave and millimeter wave, and comprises a first sub sum-and-difference network and a second sub sum-and-difference network arranged side by side. All ports of the first sub sum-and-difference network and the second sub sum-and-difference network are located on the same two-dimensional plane. The first sub sum-and-difference network and the second sub sum-and-difference network are cascaded into the topology structure of the three-dimensional sum-and-difference network comprising eight output ports through a two-in-one combiner assembly. The first sub sum-and-difference network, the second sub sum-and-difference network and the two-in-one combiner assembly can be adjusted independently. The three-dimensional sum-and-difference network has eight output ports after the two sub sum-and-difference networks are cascaded. The two sub sum-and-difference networks and the two-in-one combiner assembly can be adjusted independently. The combiner can combine and transmit signals with frequency bands f0-f1 and f2-f3, so that different frequencies, different phases and different amplitudes of the output ports of the two sub sum-and-difference networks can be output.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of microwave and millimeter wave technology, more particularly to the field of three-dimensional sum-and-difference networks and implementation methods. BACKGROUND

[0002] The sum-and-difference network antenna is because it can realize various functions such as signal amplification, signal distribution, signal switching, etc. through the sum-and-difference network. The antenna using the sum-and-difference network has various advantages: the sum-and-difference network can improve the receiving efficiency of the antenna, thereby enhancing the strength and stability of the signal; the sum-and-difference network can realize the distribution and switching of the signal, thereby improving the flexibility and reliability of the antenna; the sum-and-difference network can also reduce the cost and complexity of the antenna, thereby simplifying the design and implementation of the system.

[0003] For a millimeter wave phased array antenna, the sum-and-difference network is an important component of the millimeter wave phased array antenna, and its performance directly affects the sidelobe and difference beam null depth of the phased array antenna, which concerns the radio frequency stealth, tracking accuracy and tracking distance of the system. The sum-and-difference network is generally composed of a coupler and a combiner, and a two-dimensional millimeter wave sum-and-difference network can simultaneously realize the superposition and subtraction of four signals, and output the sum-and-difference signals. The existing patents disclose the following technologies:

[0004] The patent with the publication number CN115528405A and the patent name "a strip line broadband two-dimensional sum-and-difference network and a multifunctional sum-and-difference network" discloses the following content: a strip line broadband two-dimensional sum-and-difference network and a multifunctional sum-and-difference network, the two-dimensional sum-and-difference network includes an upper dielectric plate, an upper half-cured sheet, an intermediate dielectric plate, a lower half-cured sheet and a lower dielectric plate stacked from top to bottom, and the two-dimensional sum-and-difference network further includes a metalized through hole penetrating through the entire two-dimensional sum-and-difference network, characterized in that: the upper surface of the upper dielectric plate is covered by an upper anti-interference layer, the lower surface of the lower dielectric plate is covered by a lower anti-interference layer, and the metalized through hole penetrates through the upper anti-interference layer and the lower anti-interference layer; the upper and lower surfaces of the intermediate dielectric plate are provided with a conducting band, the conducting band and the edge overlapping part of the intermediate dielectric plate form a port, the conducting band is partially overlapped, and the overlapping area forms four constant bias couplers, and the four constant bias couplers are cascaded to form a strip line broadband two-dimensional sum-and-difference network. The present application provides a strip line broadband two-dimensional sum-and-difference network and a multifunctional sum-and-difference network with high integration, wide band and easy integration design with antenna and radio frequency circuit.

[0005] Patent with publication number CN105762473A and patent name "millimeter wave two-dimensional sum and difference network" discloses the following content: a kind of millimeter wave two-dimensional sum and difference network, it aims at providing a small volume, light weight, high structural strength, low cost two-dimensional sum and difference network.The present application is realized by the following technical scheme: microstrip line conductor band and microstrip line dielectric strip along the sunken shielding cavity slot topology curve pattern on the metal shielding plate surface wiring constitutes complete millimeter wave transmission line structure;And port, pitch difference port, azimuth difference port and double difference port are made at the front and rear end of metal shielding plate respectively, conductor band and microstrip line dielectric strip are respectively passed through the above four input ports, around the sunken recess of the rectangular body isolation in the middle of the above-mentioned port, along the sunken opening recess formed by the Z-shaped isolation block at both ends of the rectangular body extends, then bends around Z-shaped isolation block and center cylindrical isolation block, extends to the output port of Z-shaped tail end sunken recess along Z-shaped back end sunken recess, forms the topology structure of eight-port millimeter wave two-dimensional sum and difference network.

[0006] The above-mentioned patent and traditional two-dimensional millimeter wave sum and difference network have only four output signals and can only work in one frequency band, and the sum and difference network in this paper can work in two different frequency bands, output four sum and difference signals of two different frequency bands, and output sum beams or difference beams of two different frequency bands after connecting the antenna at the end, which can be used for millimeter wave radio frequency systems with two frequency band working requirements. SUMMARY

[0007] The purpose of the present application is to solve the technical problems of large insertion loss and poor isolation caused by the traditional two-dimensional millimeter wave sum and difference network + combiner to realize eight output signals, and to provide a three-dimensional sum and difference network and implementation method.The sum and difference network is suitable for millimeter wave phased array antenna systems.

[0008] The present application specifically adopts the following technical scheme to achieve the above-mentioned purpose:

[0009] The first aspect of the present application provides a three-dimensional sum and difference network, which includes a first sub-sum and difference network and a second sub-sum and difference network arranged side by side, all ports of the first sub-sum and difference network and the second sub-sum and difference network are located on the same two-dimensional plane, the first sub-sum and difference network and the second sub-sum and difference network are cascaded into a three-dimensional sum and difference network topology structure including eight output ports through a two-in-one combiner assembly, the first sub-sum and difference network works in frequency band f0~f1, the second sub-sum and difference network works in frequency band f2~f3, and the two-in-one combiner assembly can be adjusted separately to realize different frequencies, different phases and different amplitudes of each output port of the first sub-sum and difference network and the second sub-sum and difference network.

[0010] Specifically, the three-dimensional hybrid network of the present application adopts two sub-hybrid networks connected by three-dimensional cascade, since each sub-hybrid network has four output ports, two sub-hybrid networks have eight output ports after cascade, and four RF signals of two different frequency bands are outputted, and the two sub-hybrid networks and the two-in-one combiner assembly can be independently adjusted to realize different frequency bands, different phases and different amplitudes of the output ports of the two sub-hybrid networks.

[0011] In one embodiment, the topology of the three-dimensional hybrid network comprises a first sub-hybrid network, a second sub-hybrid network and three two-in-one combiners for cascading the first sub-hybrid network and the second sub-hybrid network.

[0012] In one embodiment, the first sub-hybrid network and the second sub-hybrid network each comprise four input ports and four output ports in the same plane.

[0013] In one embodiment, the four input ports of the first sub-hybrid network are a first sum port, a first elevation difference port, a first azimuth difference port and a first double difference port; and the four output ports of the first sub-hybrid network are a first output port, a second output port, a third output port and a fourth output port.

[0014] In one embodiment, the four input ports of the second sub-hybrid network are a second sum port, a second elevation difference port, a second azimuth difference port and a second double difference port; and the four output ports of the second sub-hybrid network are a fifth output port, a sixth output port, a seventh output port and an eighth output port.

[0015] In one embodiment, the two-in-one combiner assembly comprises a first two-in-one combiner, a second two-in-one combiner and a third two-in-one combiner.

[0016] The first two-in-one combiner cascades the first sum port and the second sum port to form a combined sum port.

[0017] The second two-in-one combiner cascades the first azimuth difference port and the second azimuth difference port to form a combined azimuth difference port.

[0018] The third two-in-one combiner cascades the first elevation difference port and the second elevation difference port to form a combined elevation difference port.

[0019] The combined sum port, the combined azimuth difference port and the combined elevation difference port are located in a two-dimensional plane which is not the plane of the first sub-hybrid network.

[0020] Another aspect of the present application provides an implementation method of a three-dimensional hybrid network, for preparing the three-dimensional hybrid network described above, comprising the following steps:

[0021] S1. The three-dimensional sum-difference network is composed of eight layers of PCB boards. From the top to the bottom, the first to fourth layers of PCB boards constitute the first sub-sum-difference network and the second sub-sum-difference network. From the top to the bottom, the fifth to eighth layers constitute the two-in-one combiner component. Adjacent layers of PCB boards are connected through metallized holes.

[0022] S2, the first sub-sum-difference network and the second sub-sum-difference network are connected in cascade via three two-in-one combiner components to obtain eight output ports, one combined sum port, one combined pitch difference port, one combined azimuth difference port, and two double difference ports.

[0023] In one embodiment, the specific method of step S2 is as follows:

[0024] S21, the first sub-sum-difference network and the second sub-sum-difference network each include a stripline dielectric substrate, a metal shielding cavity, a stripline conductor strip, four broadband 3dB bridges, and four output ports. The four broadband 3dB bridges are cascaded in a "cross" shape to form four input ports: a sum port, a pitch difference port, an azimuth difference port, and a double difference port.

[0025] S22, the sum ports of the first sum-difference sub-network and the second sum-difference sub-network are cascaded using a two-in-one combiner to form a combined sum port; the pitch difference ports of the first sum-difference sub-network and the second sum-difference sub-network are cascaded using a two-in-one combiner to form a combined pitch difference port; the azimuth difference ports of the first sum-difference sub-network and the second sum-difference sub-network are cascaded using a two-in-one combiner to form a combined azimuth difference port;

[0026] Eight output ports (a first output port, a second output port, a third output port, a fourth output port, a fifth output port, a sixth output port, a seventh output port, and an eighth output port), a combined sum port, a combined pitch difference port, a combined azimuth difference port, and two double difference ports are obtained.

[0027] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0028] The three-dimensional sum-difference network designed in this invention utilizes two sub-sum-difference networks connected in a three-dimensional cascade. Since each sub-sum-difference network has four output ports, the two cascaded sub-sum-difference networks have eight output ports, enabling four-way RF signal output in two different frequency bands. This cascaded arrangement allows for more flexible adjustment of the output ports of the two sub-sum-difference networks. This solution surpasses the solution of a broadband sum-difference network + combiner in terms of amplitude and phase consistency, isolation, insertion loss, and implementation difficulty. Furthermore, the two sub-sum-difference networks can be debugged independently, providing greater adjustment space, enabling dual-band, high-isolation, and highly consistent amplitude output, as well as highly consistent phase difference. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present application, and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can also be obtained without creative labor.

[0030] Figure 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a three-dimensional sum and difference network;

[0031] Figure 2 is Figure 1 is a bottom view of

[0032] Reference signs: 1 - first sum port, 2 - first elevation difference port, 3 - first azimuth difference port, 4 - first double difference port, 5 - first output port, 6 - second output port, 7 - third output port, 8 - fourth output port, 9 - second sum port, 10 - second elevation difference port, 11 - second azimuth difference port, 12 - second double difference port, 13 - fifth output port, 14 - sixth output port, 15 - seventh output port, 16 - eighth output port, 17 - combined sum port, 18 - combined azimuth difference port, 19 - combined elevation difference port. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and technical effects of the present application more clear, the following will combine the drawings in the embodiments of the present application to make a clear and complete description of the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are some of the embodiments of the present application, but not all the embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present application described and shown in the drawings can be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0034] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present application provided in the drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed present application, but only represents selected embodiments of the present application. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor are within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0035] It should be noted that: similar reference signs and letters represent similar items in the following drawings, and therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, it does not need to be further defined and explained in the subsequent drawings. In addition, the terms "first", "second" and the like are only used to distinguish description, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0036] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, it should be noted that the terms "inner", "outer", "upper", and the like indicate the positional or location relationship shown in the drawings or the positional or location relationship commonly used when the product of the present application is used, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present application.

[0037] Embodiment 1

[0038] As Figures 1 to 2 shown, the present embodiment provides a three-dimensional sum and difference network, comprising a first sub sum and difference network and a second sub sum and difference network arranged side by side, all ports of the first sub sum and difference network and the second sub sum and difference network are located on the same two-dimensional plane, the first sub sum and difference network and the second sub sum and difference network are cascaded by a two-in-one combiner component to form a topology of the three-dimensional sum and difference network comprising eight output ports, the first sub sum and difference network, the second sub sum and difference network, and the two-in-one combiner component can be adjusted independently to realize different frequency bands, different phases, and different amplitude outputs of the output ports of the first sub sum and difference network and the second sub sum and difference network.

[0039] Specifically, the three-dimensional sum and difference network of the present scheme connects two sub sum and difference networks in a three-dimensional cascading manner, since each sub sum and difference network has four output ports, two sub sum and difference networks have eight output ports after cascading, realizing the superposition and subtraction of eight signals, and the sub sum and difference networks and the two-in-one combiner component can be independently adjusted to realize different frequency bands, different phases, and different amplitude outputs of the output ports of the two sub sum and difference networks.

[0040] The topology of the three-dimensional sum and difference network comprises the first sub sum and difference network, the second sub sum and difference network, and three two-in-one combiners for cascading the first sub sum and difference network and the second sub sum and difference network.

[0041] Embodiment 2

[0042] The present embodiment provides a three-dimensional sum and difference network, comprising a first sub sum and difference network and a second sub sum and difference network arranged side by side, all ports of the first sub sum and difference network and the second sub sum and difference network are located on the same two-dimensional plane, the first sub sum and difference network and the second sub sum and difference network are cascaded by a two-in-one combiner component to form a topology of the three-dimensional sum and difference network comprising eight output ports, the first sub sum and difference network, the second sub sum and difference network, and the two-in-one combiner component can be adjusted independently to realize different frequency bands, different phases, and different amplitude outputs of the output ports of the first sub sum and difference network and the second sub sum and difference network.

[0043] The first sub-sum and difference network and the second sub-sum and difference network each include four input ports and four output ports in the same plane.

[0044] The four input ports of the first sub-sum and difference network are a first sum port 1, a first elevation difference port 2, a first azimuth difference port 3, and a first double difference port 4; and the four output ports of the first sub-sum and difference network are a first output port 5, a second output port 6, a third output port 7, and a fourth output port 8.

[0045] The four input ports of the second sub-sum and difference network are a second sum port 9, a second elevation difference port 10, a second azimuth difference port 11, and a second double difference port 12; and the four output ports of the second sub-sum and difference network are a fifth output port 13, a sixth output port 14, a seventh output port 15, and an eighth output port 16.

[0046] The two-in-one combiner assembly includes a first two-in-one combiner, a second two-in-one combiner, and a third two-in-one combiner.

[0047] The first two-in-one combiner cascades the first sum port 1 and the second sum port 9 to form a combined sum port 17.

[0048] The second two-in-one combiner cascades the first azimuth difference port 3 and the second azimuth difference port 11 to form a combined azimuth difference port 18.

[0049] The third two-in-one combiner cascades the first elevation difference port 2 and the second elevation difference port 10 to form a combined elevation difference port 19.

[0050] The combined sum port 17, the combined azimuth difference port 18, and the combined elevation difference port 19 are located in a two-dimensional plane that is not used by the plane in which the first sub-sum and difference network is located.

[0051] Embodiment 3

[0052] The embodiment provides an implementation method of a three-dimensional sum and difference network, including the following steps:

[0053] S1, the three-dimensional sum and difference network is composed of eight layers of PCB boards, the first sub-sum and difference network and the second sub-sum and difference network are composed of the first layer to the fourth layer of PCB boards from top to bottom, the two-in-one combiner assembly is composed of the fifth layer to the eighth layer from top to bottom, and the adjacent two layers of PCB boards are connected through metallized holes;

[0054] S2, the first sub-sum and difference network and the second sub-sum and difference network are connected in a cascading manner through the three two-in-one combiner assemblies, eight output ports, a combined sum port 17, a combined elevation difference port 19, a combined azimuth difference port 18, and two double difference ports are obtained.

[0055] S21, the first sub-sum-difference network and the second sub-sum-difference network each comprise a stripline dielectric substrate, a metal shielded cavity, a stripline conductor strip, four wideband 3dB bridges and four output ports, the four wideband 3dB bridges are cascaded in a "cross" shape to form four input ports: a sum port, a pitch difference port, an azimuth difference port and a double difference port;

[0056] S22, the sum ports of the first sub-sum-difference network and the second sub-sum-difference network are cascaded by a two-in-one combiner to form a combined sum port 17; the pitch difference ports of the first sub-sum-difference network and the second sub-sum-difference network are cascaded by a two-in-one combiner to form a combined pitch difference port 19; the azimuth difference ports of the first sub-sum-difference network and the second sub-sum-difference network are cascaded by a two-in-one combiner to form a combined azimuth difference port 18;

[0057] The first sub-sum-difference network and the second sub-sum-difference network obtain eight output ports (a first output port 5, a second output port 6, a third output port 7, a fourth output port 8, a fifth output port 13, a sixth output port 14, a seventh output port 15 and an eighth output port 16), a combined sum port 17, a combined pitch difference port 19 and a combined azimuth difference port 18, and two double difference ports (a first double difference port 4 and a second double difference port 12) through step S22.

Claims

1. A three-dimensional sum-difference network, characterized in that: The invention comprises a first sub-sum-difference network operating in the frequency band f0-f1 and a second sub-sum-difference network operating in the frequency band f2-f3, all ports of the first sub-sum-difference network and the second sub-sum-difference network are located on the same two-dimensional plane, and the first sub-sum-difference network and the second sub-sum-difference network are cascaded into a three-dimensional sum-difference network topology including eight output ports through a two-in-one combiner component. The first sub-sum-difference network, the second sub-sum-difference network, and the two-in-one combiner component can be individually adjusted to achieve different frequencies, different phases, and different amplitudes of output at each output port of the first sub-sum-difference network and the second sub-sum-difference network. When used with an antenna, two different-frequency sum beams or difference beams can be simultaneously achieved. The topological structure of the three-dimensional sum-difference network includes the first sub-sum-difference network, the second sub-sum-difference network, and three two-in-one combiners for cascading the first sub-sum-difference network and the second sub-sum-difference network; The first sub-sum-difference network and the second sub-sum-difference network each include four input ports and four output ports located in the same plane; The four input ports of the first sub-sum-difference network are a first sum port (1), a first pitch difference port (2), a first azimuth difference port (3), and a first double difference port (4); the four output ports of the first sub-sum-difference network are a first output port (5), a second output port (6), a third output port (7), and a fourth output port (8); The four input ports of the second sub-sum-difference network are a second sum port (9), a second pitch difference port (10), a second azimuth difference port (11), and a second double difference port (12); the four output ports of the second sub-sum-difference network are a fifth output port (13), a sixth output port (14), a seventh output port (15), and an eighth output port (16); The two-in-one combiner assembly includes a first two-in-one combiner, a second two-in-one combiner and a third two-in-one combiner; The first two-in-one combiner cascades the first sum port (1) and the second sum port (9) to form a combined sum port (17); The second two-in-one combiner cascades the first azimuth difference port (3) and the second azimuth difference port (11) to form a combined azimuth difference port (18); The third two-in-one combiner cascades the first pitch difference port (2) and the second pitch difference port (10) to form a combined pitch difference port (19); The combined sum port (17), the combined azimuth difference port (18), and the combined pitch difference port (19) input a combined signal; The first sum port (1), the first pitch difference port (2), and the first azimuth difference port (3) input signals of the frequency band f0-f1 to isolate the frequency band signals f2-f3; The second sum port (9), the second pitch difference port (10), and the second azimuth difference port (11) input signals of the frequency band f2 to f3, and isolate the frequency band signals of f0 to f1; The combined sum port (17), the combined azimuth difference port (18), and the combined pitch difference port (19) are located on a two-dimensional plane that is not used for the plane where the first sub-sum-difference network is located.

2. A method for implementing a three-dimensional sum-difference network, characterized in that: Using the three-dimensional sum-difference network according to claim 1, comprising the following steps: S1. The three-dimensional sum-difference network is composed of eight layers of PCB boards. From the top to the bottom, the first to fourth layers of PCB boards constitute the first sub-sum-difference network and the second sub-sum-difference network. From the top to the bottom, the fifth to eighth layers constitute the two-in-one combiner component. Adjacent layers of PCB boards are connected through metallized holes. S2, the first sub-sum-difference network and the second sub-sum-difference network are connected in a cascade manner through three two-in-one combiner components to obtain eight output ports, a combined sum port (17), a combined pitch difference port (19), a combined azimuth difference port (18), and two double difference ports.

3. The method for implementing a three-dimensional sum-difference network according to claim 2, wherein: The specific method of step S2 is as follows: S21, the first sub-sum-difference network and the second sub-sum-difference network each include a stripline dielectric substrate, a metal shielding cavity, a stripline conductor strip, four broadband 3dB bridges, and four output ports. The four broadband 3dB bridges are cascaded in a "cross" shape to form four input ports: a sum port, a pitch difference port, an azimuth difference port, and a double difference port. S22, the sum ports of the first sub-sum-difference network and the second sub-sum-difference network are cascaded using a first two-in-one combiner to form a combined sum port (17); the pitch difference ports of the first sub-sum-difference network and the second sub-sum-difference network are cascaded using a second two-in-one combiner to form a combined pitch difference port (19); the azimuth difference ports of the first sub-sum-difference network and the second sub-sum-difference network are cascaded using a third two-in-one combiner to form a combined azimuth difference port (18); After the ports of the first sub-sum-difference network and the second sub-sum-difference network are processed in step S22, eight output ports, a combined sum port (17), a combined pitch difference port (19), a combined azimuth difference port (18), and two double difference ports are obtained.

Images