Long-distance optical cable route acquisition method and system based on multi-frequency detection pulse

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of optical cable route collection, and discloses a long-distance optical cable route collection method and system based on multi-frequency detection pulses, the method comprising: measuring the aging degree of the optical cable, and measuring the electromagnetic interference data of the environment in which the optical cable is located; predicting the reflection intensity index and information carrying amount of optical pulses of different frequencies; setting the sending order and sending time proportion of optical pulses of each frequency in the multi-frequency optical pulses; generating an optical beat signal; marking the characteristic points of the optical cable based on the optical beat signal and obtaining the routing information of the optical cable; matching the bearing facility point with the characteristic point of the optical cable, and adding the latitude and longitude information and unique identification of the bearing facility point to the routing information of the optical cable; and automatically drawing an optical cable routing map based on the routing information of the optical cable. The present invention can accurately locate the position of the characteristic point in the optical cable line, and improve the efficiency of automatic collection of the routing of the optical cable.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of optical cable route collection, and in particular to a long-distance optical cable route collection method and system based on multi-frequency detection pulses. Background Art

[0002] Traditional methods for collecting optical cable routing mainly rely on manual inspections and some simple test equipment. With the advancement of technology, some methods based on optical time domain reflectometry have been widely used. The optical time domain reflectometry analyzes the loss, breakpoints and other information of the optical cable by sending optical pulses to the optical cable and detecting the reflected optical signal. It can achieve remote detection of optical cables to a certain extent, improving the detection efficiency and accuracy. However, the optical time domain reflectometry also has limitations. It can usually only use optical pulses of a single frequency for detection. For complex optical cable environments, such as those with electromagnetic interference and uneven aging, its detection results may not be comprehensive and accurate. When facing areas with strong electromagnetic interference, optical pulses of a single frequency are easily interfered, resulting in misjudgment or loss of reflected signals, thereby affecting the accurate judgment of optical cable routing information. Due to frequent network adjustments, splicing, relocation, and obstacle repair, the optical cable routing during construction often changes. If the routing information is not updated in time, it will seriously affect the operation of the optical cable network.

[0003] Existing methods perform poorly in the face of electromagnetic interference. In urban environments, there are a large number of electromagnetic radiation sources, such as high-voltage lines, communication base stations, etc. These electromagnetic interferences will affect the quality of the reflected signal of the optical pulse. When the intensity of electromagnetic interference reaches a certain level, the traditional detection method based on single-frequency optical pulses may not be able to accurately identify the characteristic points of the optical cable. Most traditional detection methods can only obtain limited optical cable information, mainly focusing on loss and simple breakpoint detection. It is difficult to fully and accurately detect some potential problems of optical cables, such as bending points, branching points, and loss points of varying degrees. This makes it impossible to detect potential fault hazards in advance during the maintenance and management of optical cables, increasing the risk of network failures. In terms of determining the correspondence between the carrier facility points and the characteristic points of the optical cable, the existing technical means are relatively lacking. The carrier facility points are crucial to the maintenance and management of optical cables. Their accurate positioning and matching with the characteristic points of the optical cable can greatly improve the efficiency of optical cable operation and maintenance. However, the current methods are difficult to quickly and accurately find the characteristic points of the optical cable corresponding to the carrier facility points, resulting in difficulties in drawing optical cable routing maps and locating faults, and unable to achieve refined management of the optical cable network.

[0004] For example, a Chinese patent application with publication number CN117335873A discloses a method, device, equipment and storage medium for detecting optical cable routing. The method includes: in response to a selection operation for any sensing optical fiber, determining a target optical fiber for performing routing detection operation in the sensing optical fiber and a corresponding data acquisition device; sequentially controlling multiple exciters to generate specific frequency audio, and recording the signal waveform generated by the target optical fiber through the data acquisition device; determining multiple target exciters and the corresponding optical cable distance based on the signal waveform; obtaining the position information of each target exciter, and generating the routing of the target optical fiber based on the position information and the optical cable distance. The application determines the sensing optical fiber, excites the sensing optical fiber with an exciter, and detects whether a scattering reaction occurs in the target optical fiber, so as to quickly check a number of optical cable wells. After the check is completed, a number of target exciters and the positions of the optical cable wells corresponding to the target exciters are obtained, thereby determining the routing of the target optical fiber.

[0005] For example, a Chinese patent application with publication number CN115987386A discloses an optical cable co-routing detection device and method; the device includes an optical cable detection unit, a data processing unit, and a display and communication device. Among them, the optical cable detection unit includes two detection channels, and the two detection channels are used to obtain the back-Rayleigh scattered light signals of the main optical cable and the backup optical cable respectively; the data processing unit is used to collect the back-Rayleigh scattered signals of the main optical cable and the backup optical cable, analyze the vibration events around the main optical cable and the backup optical cable, and confirm the co-routing status of the main and backup optical cables by performing correlation analysis on the vibration signals of the main and backup optical cables. This invention does not require operation and maintenance personnel to go out for testing, but only connect the optical cable to the equipment in the computer room. The test results can be sent to the user terminal in real time, greatly improving the efficiency and accuracy of the co-routing test.

[0006] The above patents all have the problems raised by this background technology: poor performance in the face of electromagnetic interference, and it is difficult to quickly and accurately find the optical cable feature points corresponding to the carrying facility points.

[0007] The information disclosed in this background technology section is only intended to enhance the understanding of the overall background of the invention and should not be regarded as an acknowledgement or any form of suggestion that the information constitutes the prior art already known to ordinary technicians in this field. Summary of the invention

[0008] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a long-distance optical cable route collection method and system based on multi-frequency detection pulses to accurately locate the position of feature points in the optical cable line and improve the efficiency of automated collection of optical cable routes.

[0009] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0010] On the one hand, the present invention provides a long-distance optical cable route acquisition method based on multi-frequency detection pulses, comprising the following steps:

[0011] S1: Measure the aging degree of the optical cable and the electromagnetic interference data of the environment where the optical cable is located;

[0012] S2: predicting the reflection intensity index and information carrying amount of optical pulses of different frequencies based on the aging degree of the optical cable and the electromagnetic interference data;

[0013] S3: setting the sending order and sending time proportion of each frequency optical pulse in the multi-frequency optical pulse based on the reflection intensity index and the information carrying amount;

[0014] S4: sending multi-frequency optical pulses to the optical cable and receiving reflected pulses to generate an optical beat signal; marking characteristic points of the optical cable based on the optical beat signal and obtaining routing information of the optical cable;

[0015] S5: Matching the bearing facility point with the characteristic point of the optical cable, and adding the latitude and longitude information and the unique identifier of the bearing facility point to the routing information of the optical cable;

[0016] S6: Automatically draw an optical cable routing diagram based on the routing information of the optical cable.

[0017] As a preferred solution of the long-distance optical cable route acquisition method based on multi-frequency detection pulses described in the present invention, wherein: the aging degree of the optical cable is represented by a signal attenuation rate; the electromagnetic interference data includes an electromagnetic interference frequency band and an electromagnetic interference intensity;

[0018] The reflection intensity index is the optical power of the reflection signal of the optical pulse of the corresponding frequency;

[0019] The information carrying amount is the number of optical cable features detected by the reflected signal of the optical pulse of the corresponding frequency; wherein the number of optical cable features includes the number of optical cable connection points, break points, branch points, bending points, and loss points detected by the reflected signal;

[0020] The method for predicting the reflection intensity index and information carrying amount of light pulses of different frequencies is as follows:

[0021] The aging degree of the optical cable, the electromagnetic interference frequency band, the electromagnetic interference intensity and the frequency of each optical pulse are standardized and encoded into feature vectors respectively; the feature vectors are input into the trained prediction model, and the prediction model calculates and outputs the reflection intensity index and information carrying capacity of the optical pulse of each frequency.

[0022] As a preferred solution of the long-distance optical cable route acquisition method based on multi-frequency detection pulses of the present invention, the method of setting the sending order and sending time proportion of each frequency optical pulse in the multi-frequency optical pulse is as follows:

[0023] Calculate the first priority index of the optical pulse of each frequency based on the reflection intensity index, and calculate the second priority index of the optical pulse of each frequency based on the information carrying amount;

[0024] Calculating the comprehensive priority of the optical pulses of each frequency based on the first priority index and the second priority index of the optical pulses of each frequency;

[0025] The comprehensive priority of the optical pulses of each frequency is sorted in descending order to obtain the sending order of the optical pulses of each frequency; based on the comprehensive priority of the optical pulses of each frequency, the sending time proportion of each optical pulse is calculated, and the formula is as follows:

[0026] ;

[0027] in, represents the proportion of the transmission time of the optical pulse of the i-th frequency; represents the comprehensive priority of the optical pulse of the i-th frequency; Indicates the overall priority of the optical pulse of the jth frequency.

[0028] As a preferred solution of the long-distance optical cable route acquisition method based on multi-frequency detection pulses described in the present invention, the calculation formula of the first priority index of the optical pulse of each frequency is as follows:

[0029] ;

[0030] in, A first priority index representing the optical pulse of the i-th frequency; Represents the reflection intensity index of the light pulse of the i-th frequency; Represents the reflection intensity index of the light pulse of the jth frequency; the value range of i, j is 1, 2, ... n, n is the frequency of the light pulse;

[0031] The calculation formula of the second priority index of the optical pulse of each frequency is as follows:

[0032] ;

[0033] in, A second priority index representing the optical pulse of the i-th frequency; represents the information carrying capacity of the optical pulse of the i-th frequency; represents the information carrying capacity of the optical pulse of the jth frequency;

[0034] The calculation formula of the comprehensive priority is as follows:

[0035] ;

[0036] in, represents the weight coefficient of the first priority indicator, Indicates the weight coefficient of the second priority indicator.

[0037] As a preferred solution of the long-distance optical cable route acquisition method based on multi-frequency detection pulses described in the present invention, wherein: the optical beat frequency signal is generated by superposition of a reflected pulse and a reference signal of a corresponding frequency; when sending multi-frequency optical pulses to the optical cable, an optical pulse of any frequency is divided into two beams by a spectroscopic element, one of which is injected into the optical cable and reflected by the optical cable, and the other is used as a reference signal to superpose with the reflected pulse to generate an optical beat frequency signal.

[0038] As a preferred solution of the long-distance optical cable route acquisition method based on multi-frequency detection pulses of the present invention, wherein: the route information of the optical cable includes the length of the optical cable between each characteristic point and the transmitting end and the marking of each characteristic point; wherein the transmitting end is the position on the optical cable where the multi-frequency optical pulse is injected;

[0039] The annotation of the feature point includes the type of the feature point; the type of the feature point includes an optical cable connection point, a break point, a branch point, a bending point, and a loss point.

[0040] The marking of the characteristic points of the optical cable specifically includes: numbering each characteristic point, and using the length of the optical cable between each characteristic point and the transmitting end as the identifier of each characteristic point; recording the characteristic parameters of each characteristic point; the characteristic parameters include the amplitude and spectrum corresponding to each characteristic point.

[0041] As a preferred solution of the long-distance optical cable route acquisition method based on multi-frequency detection pulses described in the present invention, the method of matching the bearing facility point with the characteristic point of the optical cable is as follows:

[0042] S501: generating vibration interference to the optical cable at the carrying facility point by knocking;

[0043] S502: continuously monitoring characteristic parameters of each characteristic point of the optical cable based on the identification of the characteristic point, and calculating the characteristic disturbance amount of each characteristic point;

[0044] S503: Finding a characteristic point corresponding to the carrying facility point based on the characteristic disturbance amount;

[0045] S504: Add latitude and longitude information and a unique identification label to the feature point corresponding to the hosting facility point.

[0046] As a preferred solution of the long-distance optical cable route acquisition method based on multi-frequency detection pulses described in the present invention, wherein: the characteristic disturbance amount includes amplitude change and main frequency offset; wherein the amplitude change is the change of the amplitude of the feature point before and after being disturbed by vibration; the main frequency offset is the change of the main frequency of the feature point before and after being disturbed by vibration; the main frequency is extracted based on the spectrum of the feature point.

[0047] As a preferred solution of the long-distance optical cable route acquisition method based on multi-frequency detection pulses described in the present invention, the method of finding the characteristic point corresponding to the carrier facility point based on the characteristic disturbance amount is as follows:

[0048] Calculate the comprehensive disturbance of each feature point, the formula is as follows:

[0049] ;

[0050] Among them, R represents the comprehensive disturbance of any feature point; Indicates the change in amplitude; Indicates the frequency change; , All are adjustment coefficients;

[0051] The length after the strike is Continuously monitor each feature point and calculate the comprehensive disturbance during the period of time, and record the time at which each feature point The comprehensive disturbance at each moment in the period is calculated and the maximum value of the comprehensive disturbance is found; the characteristic point corresponding to the maximum comprehensive disturbance is the characteristic point corresponding to the carrying facility point.

[0052] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a long-distance optical cable route acquisition system based on multi-frequency detection pulses, comprising a data acquisition unit, a data processing unit, a multi-frequency pulse generator, an optical beat frequency demodulator, and a mobile terminal; wherein:

[0053] The data acquisition unit is used to measure the signal attenuation rate of the optical cable, the electromagnetic interference frequency band and electromagnetic interference intensity of the environment where the optical cable is located;

[0054] The data processing unit is configured with a prediction model for predicting the reflection intensity index and information carrying amount of light pulses of different frequencies, and setting the sending order and sending time proportion of light pulses of each frequency;

[0055] The multi-frequency pulse generator generates multi-frequency optical pulses based on the set transmission order and transmission time ratio, and injects them into the optical cable for optical cable route detection;

[0056] The optical beat frequency demodulator is used to receive the reflected pulse, generate an optical beat frequency signal, and extract the amplitude and spectrum of each characteristic point based on the optical beat frequency signal; accordingly, the data processing unit is also used to identify the type of the characteristic point and calculate the length of the optical cable between each characteristic point and the transmitting end;

[0057] The mobile terminal is used to collect the latitude and longitude information and unique identification of the carrying facility point, and to draw and display the optical cable routing map.

[0058] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects achieved by the present invention are as follows:

[0059] The present invention measures the aging degree of the optical cable and the electromagnetic interference data, predicts the reflection intensity index and information carrying capacity of optical pulses of different frequencies, and sets the sending order and time proportion of multi-frequency optical pulses accordingly, which can obtain optical cable information more comprehensively and overcome the problem of insufficient information acquisition in complex environments by the traditional single-frequency detection method. The optical beat frequency signal can accurately mark the characteristic points of the optical cable, calculate the length of the optical cable between each characteristic point and the transmitting end, and the length mark is not affected by environmental factors. The position of the characteristic point in the optical cable line can be accurately located, which is convenient for route drawing and fault point location.

[0060] By knocking on the load-bearing facility points to generate vibration interference and calculating the characteristic disturbance amount of the characteristic points, the characteristic points corresponding to the load-bearing facility points can be accurately found, and their latitude and longitude information and unique identification can be added, so that the load-bearing facility points can be accurately located in the routing map, which is conducive to the subsequent automated drawing of the optical cable routing map and improves the level of refinement of the optical cable operation and maintenance management. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0061] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for describing the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative labor. Among them:

[0062] Figure 1 A flow chart of a long-distance optical cable route acquisition method based on multi-frequency detection pulses provided by the present invention;

[0063] Figure 2 A flow chart of a method for matching a bearing facility point with a characteristic point of an optical cable provided by the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0064] The technical solution of the present invention is described in detail below through the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the embodiments of the present invention and the specific features in the embodiments are detailed descriptions of the technical solution of the present invention, rather than limitations on the technical solution of the present invention. The embodiments of the present invention and the technical features in the embodiments may be combined with each other unless there is a conflict.

[0065] Example 1

[0066] This embodiment introduces a long-distance optical cable route acquisition method based on multi-frequency detection pulses. Figure 1 , the method comprises the following steps:

[0067] A long-distance optical cable route acquisition method based on multi-frequency detection pulses comprises the following steps:

[0068] S1: Measure the aging degree of the optical cable and the electromagnetic interference data of the environment where the optical cable is located;

[0069] The aging degree of the optical cable is represented by the signal attenuation rate; the unit of the signal attenuation rate is dB / km. For example, a signal attenuation rate of 0.5 dB / km means that the optical pulse signal attenuates by 0.5 decibels per 1 km of propagation in the optical cable.

[0070] The electromagnetic interference data includes an electromagnetic interference frequency band and an electromagnetic interference intensity; for example, the electromagnetic interference frequency band is 10-20 MHz, and the electromagnetic interference intensity is 30 dBμV / m (30 decibel microvolts per meter, indicating the electric field intensity of electromagnetic interference).

[0071] S2: predicting the reflection intensity index and information carrying amount of optical pulses of different frequencies based on the aging degree of the optical cable and the electromagnetic interference data;

[0072] The reflection intensity index is the optical power of the reflected signal of the optical pulse of the corresponding frequency, and the unit may be watt (W) or decibel milliwatt (dBm);

[0073] The information carrying amount is the number of optical cable features detected by the reflected signal of the optical pulse of the corresponding frequency; wherein the number of optical cable features includes the number of optical cable connection points, break points, branch points, bending points, and loss points detected by the reflected signal;

[0074] The method for predicting the reflection intensity index and information carrying amount of light pulses of different frequencies is as follows:

[0075] The aging degree of the optical cable, the electromagnetic interference frequency band, the electromagnetic interference intensity and the frequency of each optical pulse are standardized and encoded into feature vectors respectively; the feature vectors are input into a trained prediction model, and the prediction model calculates and outputs the reflection intensity index and information carrying amount of the optical pulse of each frequency; the prediction model is any one of a neural network model, a decision tree and a support vector machine;

[0076] The training method of the prediction model is as follows: by integrating with the existing optical cable monitoring system, the performance data of the optical cable, including the signal attenuation rate of different optical cables, can be obtained. These performance data can reflect the aging degree of each optical cable. At the same time, electromagnetic interference data is collected by using electromagnetic sensors distributed along the optical cable or in the surrounding area, and the electromagnetic interference frequency band and electromagnetic interference intensity of the optical cable corresponding to the signal attenuation rate are recorded; each optical cable is tested separately; optical pulses of the same intensity and different frequencies are applied to the optical cable, and the reflection signal of the optical pulse of each frequency is collected and the reflection intensity index and information carrying amount of each reflection signal are calculated; a large number of tests are repeated to obtain a sufficient amount of training data; the collected data is preprocessed and organized into a format suitable for model training, and the prediction model is trained. During the training process, the parameters of the model are continuously adjusted to improve the prediction accuracy of the model. For example, using cross-validation technology, the training data is divided into a training set and a validation set, the model is trained on the training set, the performance of the model is evaluated on the validation set, and the model parameters are adjusted according to the evaluation results until the model reaches a good performance index.

[0077] S3: setting the sending order and sending time proportion of each frequency optical pulse in the multi-frequency optical pulse based on the reflection intensity index and the information carrying amount;

[0078] The method for setting the sending order and the sending time proportion of the optical pulses of each frequency in the multi-frequency optical pulses is as follows:

[0079] The first priority index of each frequency of light pulse is calculated based on the reflection intensity index, and the formula is as follows:

[0080] ;

[0081] in, A first priority index representing the optical pulse of the i-th frequency; Represents the reflection intensity index of the light pulse of the i-th frequency; Represents the reflection intensity index of the jth frequency optical pulse; the range of values ​​of i, j is 1, 2, ... n, where n is the frequency of the optical pulse;

[0082] The second priority index of each frequency of optical pulse is calculated based on the information carrying amount, and the formula is as follows:

[0083] ;

[0084] in, A second priority index representing the optical pulse of the i-th frequency; represents the information carrying capacity of the optical pulse of the i-th frequency; represents the information carrying capacity of the optical pulse of the jth frequency;

[0085] The comprehensive priority of the optical pulse of each frequency is calculated based on the first priority index and the second priority index of the optical pulse of each frequency. The formula is as follows:

[0086] ;

[0087] in, represents the comprehensive priority of the optical pulse of the i-th frequency; represents the weight coefficient of the first priority indicator, The weight coefficients representing the second priority indicators are set by those skilled in the art based on actual needs;

[0088] The comprehensive priority of the optical pulses of each frequency is sorted in descending order to obtain the sending order of the optical pulses of each frequency; based on the comprehensive priority of the optical pulses of each frequency, the sending time proportion of each optical pulse is calculated, and the formula is as follows:

[0089] ;

[0090] in, represents the proportion of the transmission time of the optical pulse of the i-th frequency; Indicates the overall priority of the optical pulse of the jth frequency.

[0091] For example, a multi-frequency pulse generator is set to generate optical pulses of five frequencies: 1MHz, 5MHz, 10MHz, 20MHz, and 50MHz. The electromagnetic interference intensity in the 10-20MHz frequency band exceeds 30dBμV / m. The quality of the reflected signal of the pulse in this frequency band will be greatly affected and is regarded as the electromagnetic interference frequency band. In the comprehensive priority calculated based on the prediction model, the 10MHz and 20MHz optical pulses have a lower comprehensive priority because they are in the electromagnetic interference frequency band. The 50MHz optical pulse has the highest comprehensive priority because it is not in the main electromagnetic interference frequency band and has good anti-interference ability. The proportion of the transmission time of each frequency optical pulse calculated based on the comprehensive priority is as follows: the transmission time proportion of the 50MHz optical pulse is 40%, the 5MHz optical pulse is 30%, the 1MHz optical pulse is 20%, and the 10MHz and 20MHz optical pulses are 5% respectively. Then, in the process of sending in sequence, the sending cycle is arranged according to the sending order and the proportion of the sending time. For example, if the total transmission cycle is 100 unit times, then the first 40 unit times will send 50MHz optical pulses, and the next 30 unit times will send 5MHz optical pulses, and so on. Frequency pulses with a high transmission time ratio will be sent more frequently during the entire data acquisition process, which means that the system is more focused on obtaining optical cable information at these frequencies. Since the transmission time ratio of 50MHz optical pulses is relatively high, the system will pay more attention to the reflection characteristics, loss conditions and other information of the optical cable at this frequency, and will also combine the information obtained from other frequency pulses to comprehensively evaluate the status of the optical cable.

[0092] Before the multi-frequency pulse generator sends pulses, the prediction model is used to calculate the expected reflection effect and information carrying capacity of different frequency pulses in the current optical cable environment, and then the sending ratio and order of different frequency pulses are dynamically adjusted, instead of sending them according to a fixed starting frequency and interval. For example, for areas with severe aging and large interference, high-frequency and strong anti-interference pulse sequences are sent first. In this way, the information carrying capacity of each frequency pulse under the current electromagnetic interference frequency band and intensity conditions can be analyzed in advance, which helps to determine which frequency pulses are more helpful to fully understand the actual status of the optical cable, so that those frequency pulses that are more favorable in the current environment can be sent more, thereby improving the detection efficiency and accuracy. In addition to the ratio adjustment, the sending order is also important. For example, a high-frequency pulse with strong anti-interference is sent first to obtain the overall situation of the optical cable, especially in harsh environments to ensure that an effective reflection signal can be received first. In practical applications, a minimum sending frequency interval can be set according to the actual situation to ensure that pulses of different frequencies do not interfere with each other.

[0093] S4: sending multi-frequency optical pulses to the optical cable and receiving reflected pulses to generate an optical beat signal; marking characteristic points of the optical cable based on the optical beat signal and obtaining routing information of the optical cable;

[0094] The optical beat signal is generated by superimposing the reflected pulse and the reference signal of the corresponding frequency; when sending multi-frequency optical pulses to the optical cable, the optical pulse of any frequency is divided into two beams by the optical splitter, one of which is injected into the optical cable and reflected by the optical cable, and the other is used as a reference signal to superimpose the reflected pulse to generate an optical beat signal. The reference signal generated in this way has the same initial frequency characteristics as the optical pulse injected into the optical cable. When the optical pulse is transmitted in the optical cable, it will be reflected when it encounters discontinuities or loss points such as bends, joints, and breakpoints. These reflected signals contain key information about the optical cable routing, such as the location of the reflection point, the degree of loss, etc. Pulses of different frequencies will produce different reflection characteristics at the same reflection point, thereby providing rich data for subsequent precise analysis. Through the beat phenomenon, the reflected pulse is superimposed with the reference signal of the corresponding frequency to generate an optical beat signal, which can be used to extract characteristic information at each position in the optical cable path.

[0095] The routing information of the optical cable includes the length of the optical cable between each characteristic point and the transmitting end and the marking of each characteristic point; wherein the transmitting end is the position on the optical cable where the multi-frequency optical pulse is injected; when the optical signal encounters a characteristic point in the optical cable, changes such as reflection and scattering will occur, resulting in abnormal reflection pulses or scattered signals in the optical beat frequency signal, making the optical beat frequency signal different from the normally transmitted optical pulse signal in terms of amplitude, phase and time. In the prior art, the optical beat frequency demodulator can calculate the optical path between each characteristic point and the transmitting end, that is, the length of the optical cable section, by analyzing the time domain and frequency domain of the optical beat frequency signal.

[0096] The annotation of the feature point includes the type of the feature point; the type of the feature point includes an optical cable connection point, a break point, a branch point, a bending point, and a loss point.

[0097] At the optical cable connection point, due to the slight change in the refractive index, the difference in the optical fiber diameter, or the slight reflection at the connection part caused by the optical fiber connection, the corresponding optical beat frequency signal intensity may fluctuate or drop slightly; in terms of phase, there will be a small phase mutation or change in the phase change rate. When the optical pulse is transmitted to the breakpoint, a strong reflection will occur. From the perspective of the optical beat frequency signal intensity, an obvious peak will appear; from the perspective of phase, a sudden jump in the phase difference will be observed. At the branching point of the optical cable, the optical pulse will be divided into multiple branches for propagation. In terms of the intensity of the optical beat frequency signal, multiple peaks or changes in intensity distribution may appear. In terms of phase, irregular fluctuations in phase difference or multiple phase change points will be observed. When the optical fiber is bent, the propagation path of light will become longer, and certain light leakage and reflection may occur at the bend; there will be a small drop or fluctuation in the intensity of the optical beat frequency signal; in terms of phase, due to the increase in the optical path, there will be a phase delay or a change in the phase change rate. When the light pulse is transmitted through the loss point in the optical cable, the energy of the light will gradually decrease; from the corresponding optical beat frequency signal intensity, at the loss point, the slope of the intensity curve will suddenly increase, indicating that the speed of signal intensity decreases faster. Before and after the loss point, the phase change law of the optical beat frequency signal and the reference signal is different. For example, the change of the phase difference is no longer uniform, but accelerates or decelerates near the loss point.

[0098] The marking of the characteristic points of the optical cable specifically includes: numbering each characteristic point, and using the length of the optical cable between each characteristic point and the transmitting end as the identifier of each characteristic point; recording the characteristic parameters of each characteristic point; the characteristic parameters include the amplitude and spectrum corresponding to each characteristic point.

[0099] This embodiment uses the length of the optical cable between each feature point and the transmitting end as the identifier of each feature point because the length is not affected by environmental factors. Unlike other identifiers that may change with the environment (such as signal amplitude that may fluctuate due to temperature, humidity, and electromagnetic interference), the length of the optical cable from the feature point to the transmitting end is determined based on the physical structure of the optical cable. As long as the structure of the optical cable itself is intact, the length identifier of its feature point will not change significantly. And using it as an identifier can clearly determine the position of the feature point in the optical cable line, which is convenient for route drawing and fault point location.

[0100] S5: Matching the bearing facility point with the characteristic point of the optical cable, and adding the latitude and longitude information and the unique identifier of the bearing facility point to the routing information of the optical cable;

[0101] The carrying facility points are key nodes with known locations, and these carrying facility points have unique identifiers. Construction workers can obtain the corresponding unique identifiers by scanning QR codes, etc. At the same time, when obtaining the unique identifier, the mobile terminal (with GPS function) carried by the construction workers will record the latitude and longitude coordinates of the location in real time.

[0102] Reference Figure 2 , the method for matching the bearing facility point with the characteristic point of the optical cable is as follows:

[0103] S501: generating vibration interference to the optical cable at the carrying facility point by knocking;

[0104] S502: continuously monitoring characteristic parameters of each characteristic point of the optical cable based on the identification of the characteristic point, and calculating the characteristic disturbance amount of each characteristic point;

[0105] The characteristic disturbance includes the amplitude change and the main frequency offset; wherein the amplitude change is the change of the amplitude of the feature point before and after the vibration disturbance, that is, the absolute value of the difference between the amplitude before and after the disturbance; the main frequency offset is the change of the main frequency of the feature point before and after the vibration disturbance, that is, the absolute value of the difference between the main frequency before and after the disturbance; the main frequency is extracted based on the spectrum of the feature point. Count the amplitude of each frequency in the spectrum of the feature point; set a threshold, and extract the peak frequency whose amplitude exceeds the threshold. If there is only one obvious peak, then this frequency can be used as the main frequency; if there are multiple peak frequencies, their weighted average (different weights are assigned according to the amplitude) can be calculated as the main frequency of the feature point.

[0106] S503: Find the characteristic point corresponding to the carrying facility point based on the characteristic disturbance amount; the method is as follows:

[0107] Calculate the comprehensive disturbance of each feature point, the formula is as follows:

[0108] ;

[0109] Among them, R represents the comprehensive disturbance of any feature point; Indicates the change in amplitude; Indicates the frequency change; , are adjustment coefficients, which are set by technicians in this field based on actual needs; and , It is used to eliminate the dimensions of the amplitude change and the frequency change, so that the comprehensive disturbance R is a dimensionless value;

[0110] The length after the strike is Continuously monitor each feature point and calculate the comprehensive disturbance during the period of time, and record the time of each feature point in The comprehensive disturbance at each moment in the period is calculated and the maximum value of the comprehensive disturbance is found; the characteristic point corresponding to the maximum comprehensive disturbance is the characteristic point corresponding to the carrying facility point.

[0111] S504: Add latitude and longitude information and a unique identification label to the feature point corresponding to the hosting facility point.

[0112] The bearing facility point may correspond to a connection point or a branch point in the feature point. When a stable optical pulse is continuously applied without external interference, each bearing facility point, connection point or breakpoint will indeed present a relatively stable feature point in the optical beat frequency signal. Workers can disturb the reflection and scattering characteristics of the feature point by knocking, thereby affecting the amplitude and frequency of the optical beat frequency signal. This disturbance may also affect other nearby feature points, but as the vibration wave propagates, the amount of disturbance will gradually decrease. Therefore, the feature point that is most obviously disturbed corresponds to the bearing facility point. By matching the bearing facility point with the feature point of the optical cable, the latitude and longitude information and unique identifier of the bearing facility point are added to the routing information of the optical cable as additional information. The feature point corresponding to the bearing facility point can have an accurate coordinate location in the routing map, which is convenient for the subsequent automatic drawing of the optical cable route.

[0113] S6: Automatically draw an optical cable routing diagram based on the routing information of the optical cable.

[0114] After the above steps, the obtained optical cable routing information includes: multiple feature points on the optical cable path, the type of each feature point (including connection points, breakpoints, branch points, bending points, loss points), the length of the optical cable between each feature point and the transmitter, and the unique identifier and longitude and latitude information of the feature point corresponding to the carrying facility point; these routing information are sorted into a format that can be recognized by GIS software, such as Shapefile format or feature class format in geodatabase. For each feature point, create a data set containing corresponding attribute fields (such as "type", "length of optical cable between the transmitter", "unique identifier", "longitude and latitude", etc.) to ensure that the information of each feature point is accurately entered into the corresponding attribute table. Then use GIS software to automatically draw a visual optical cable routing map, and automatically add annotations to key nodes in the routing map to clearly show the direction, branches, connection points and other detailed information of the optical cable.

[0115] Example 2

[0116] This embodiment is the second embodiment of the present invention; based on the same inventive concept as the first embodiment, this embodiment introduces a long-distance optical cable route acquisition system based on multi-frequency detection pulses, including a data acquisition unit, a data processing unit, a multi-frequency pulse generator, an optical beat frequency demodulator, and a mobile terminal; wherein:

[0117] The data acquisition unit is used to measure the signal attenuation rate of the optical cable, the electromagnetic interference frequency band and electromagnetic interference intensity of the environment where the optical cable is located;

[0118] The data processing unit is configured with a prediction model for predicting the reflection intensity index and information carrying amount of light pulses of different frequencies, and setting the sending order and sending time proportion of light pulses of each frequency;

[0119] The multi-frequency pulse generator generates multi-frequency optical pulses based on the set transmission order and transmission time ratio, and injects them into the optical cable for optical cable route detection; the multi-frequency pulse generator generates a series of detection pulses of different frequencies according to the parameters set by the data processing unit, and injects these pulses into the optical cable. Since pulses of different frequencies have different characteristics when propagating in the optical cable, by sequentially transmitting pulses of multiple frequencies, more comprehensive information about the optical cable can be obtained.

[0120] The optical beat frequency demodulator is used to receive the reflected pulse, generate an optical beat frequency signal, and extract the amplitude and spectrum of each feature point based on the optical beat frequency signal; accordingly, the data processing unit is also used to identify the type of feature point and calculate the length of the optical cable between each feature point and the transmitting end; the data processing unit is also used to calculate the characteristic disturbance amount of each feature point, find the feature point corresponding to the carrying facility point, and add the latitude and longitude information and unique identifier of the carrying facility point to the routing information of the optical cable.

[0121] The mobile terminal is used to collect the latitude and longitude information and unique identification of the carrying facility point, and to draw and display the optical cable routing map.

[0122] The mobile terminal can be a smart phone or other portable smart terminal used by construction workers, which is connected to the above hardware devices through wireless networks or Bluetooth. Construction workers can send instructions through the mobile terminal to control the entire optical cable route collection process. The mobile terminal includes a GIS software module that can automatically draw an optical cable route map based on the route information of the optical cable and display it on the screen.

[0123] The specific functions of the above modules are realized by referring to the relevant contents of the long-distance optical cable route acquisition method based on multi-frequency detection pulses described in Example 1, and will not be elaborated here.

[0124] It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that embodiments of the present invention may be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, the present invention may take the form of a complete hardware embodiment, a complete software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware. Furthermore, the present invention may take the form of a computer program product implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.

[0125] The embodiments of the present invention are described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned specific implementation methods. The above-mentioned specific implementation methods are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Under the guidance of the present invention, ordinary technicians in this field can also make many forms without departing from the purpose and scope of protection of the present invention, which are all within the protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A long-distance optical cable route acquisition method based on multi-frequency detection pulses, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1: Measure the aging degree of the optical cable and the electromagnetic interference data of the environment where the optical cable is located; S2: predicting the reflection intensity index and information carrying amount of optical pulses of different frequencies based on the aging degree and electromagnetic interference data of the optical cable; S3: Setting the sending order and sending time proportion of each frequency of the multi-frequency optical pulses based on the reflection intensity index and the information carrying amount; the method is as follows: Calculate the first priority index of the optical pulse of each frequency based on the reflection intensity index, and calculate the second priority index of the optical pulse of each frequency based on the information carrying amount; Calculating the comprehensive priority of the optical pulses of each frequency based on the first priority index and the second priority index of the optical pulses of each frequency; The comprehensive priorities of the optical pulses of each frequency are sorted in descending order to obtain the sending order of the optical pulses of each frequency; and the sending time proportion of each optical pulse is calculated based on the comprehensive priority of the optical pulses of each frequency; S4: sending multi-frequency optical pulses to the optical cable and receiving reflected pulses to generate an optical beat signal; marking characteristic points of the optical cable based on the optical beat signal and obtaining routing information of the optical cable; S5: Matching the bearing facility point with the characteristic point of the optical cable, and adding the latitude and longitude information and the unique identifier of the bearing facility point to the routing information of the optical cable; S6: Automatically draw an optical cable routing diagram based on the routing information of the optical cable.

2. The long-distance optical cable route acquisition method based on multi-frequency detection pulses according to claim 1, characterized in that: The aging degree of the optical cable is represented by a signal attenuation rate; the electromagnetic interference data includes an electromagnetic interference frequency band and an electromagnetic interference intensity; The reflection intensity index is the optical power of the reflection signal of the optical pulse of the corresponding frequency; The information carrying amount is the number of optical cable features detected by the reflected signal of the optical pulse of the corresponding frequency; wherein the number of optical cable features includes the number of optical cable connection points, break points, branch points, bending points, and loss points detected by the reflected signal; The method for predicting the reflection intensity index and information carrying amount of light pulses of different frequencies is as follows: The aging degree of the optical cable, the electromagnetic interference frequency band, the electromagnetic interference intensity and the frequency of each optical pulse are standardized and encoded into feature vectors respectively; the feature vectors are input into the trained prediction model, and the prediction model calculates and outputs the reflection intensity index and information carrying capacity of the optical pulse of each frequency.

3. The long-distance optical cable route acquisition method based on multi-frequency detection pulses as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The first priority index of an optical pulse of any frequency is calculated based on the reflection intensity index of the optical pulse of the corresponding frequency; the second priority index of an optical pulse of any frequency is calculated based on the information carrying amount of the optical pulse of the corresponding frequency; the comprehensive priority of an optical pulse of any frequency is obtained by weighted summing the first priority index and the second priority index of the optical pulse of the corresponding frequency.

4. The long-distance optical cable route acquisition method based on multi-frequency detection pulses as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The optical beat signal is generated by superimposing the reflected pulse and the reference signal of the corresponding frequency. When sending multi-frequency optical pulses to the optical cable, the optical pulse of any frequency is divided into two beams by the optical splitter element, one of which is injected into the optical cable and reflected by the optical cable, and the other is used as a reference signal to superimpose the reflected pulse to generate the optical beat signal.

5. The long-distance optical cable route acquisition method based on multi-frequency detection pulses as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: The routing information of the optical cable includes the length of the optical cable between each characteristic point and the transmitting end and the marking of each characteristic point; wherein the transmitting end is the position on the optical cable where the multi-frequency optical pulse is injected; The annotation of the feature point includes the type of the feature point; the type of the feature point includes an optical cable connection point, a break point, a branch point, a bending point, and a loss point; The marking of the characteristic points of the optical cable specifically includes: numbering each characteristic point, and using the length of the optical cable between each characteristic point and the transmitting end as the identifier of each characteristic point; recording the characteristic parameters of each characteristic point; the characteristic parameters include the amplitude and spectrum corresponding to each characteristic point.

6. The long-distance optical cable route acquisition method based on multi-frequency detection pulses as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: The method for matching the bearing facility point with the characteristic point of the optical cable is as follows: S501: generating vibration interference to the optical cable at the carrying facility point by knocking; S502: continuously monitoring characteristic parameters of each characteristic point of the optical cable based on the identification of the characteristic point, and calculating the characteristic disturbance amount of each characteristic point; S503: Finding a characteristic point corresponding to the carrying facility point based on the characteristic disturbance amount; S504: Add latitude and longitude information and a unique identification label to the feature point corresponding to the hosting facility point.

7. The long-distance optical cable route acquisition method based on multi-frequency detection pulses as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that: The characteristic disturbance includes an amplitude change and a main frequency offset; wherein the amplitude change is the change in the amplitude of the characteristic point before and after being disturbed by vibration; the main frequency offset is the change in the main frequency of the characteristic point before and after being disturbed by vibration; the main frequency is extracted based on the spectrum of the characteristic point.

8. The long-distance optical cable route acquisition method based on multi-frequency detection pulses as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that: The method for finding the characteristic points corresponding to the carrying facility points based on the characteristic disturbance amount is as follows: Calculate the comprehensive disturbance of each feature point; the comprehensive disturbance of any feature point is obtained by weighted summation of the amplitude change and frequency change of the corresponding feature point; The length after the strike is Continuously monitor each feature point and calculate the comprehensive disturbance during the period of time, and record the time of each feature point in The comprehensive disturbance at each moment in the period is calculated and the maximum value of the comprehensive disturbance is found; the characteristic point corresponding to the maximum comprehensive disturbance is the characteristic point corresponding to the carrying facility point.

9. A long-distance optical cable route collection system based on multi-frequency detection pulses, used to implement the long-distance optical cable route collection method based on multi-frequency detection pulses as described in any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: It includes a data acquisition unit, a data processing unit, a multi-frequency pulse generator, an optical beat frequency demodulator, and a mobile terminal; wherein: The data acquisition unit is used to measure the signal attenuation rate of the optical cable, the electromagnetic interference frequency band and electromagnetic interference intensity of the environment where the optical cable is located; The data processing unit is configured with a prediction model for predicting the reflection intensity index and information carrying amount of light pulses of different frequencies, and setting the sending order and sending time proportion of light pulses of each frequency; The multi-frequency pulse generator generates multi-frequency optical pulses based on the set transmission order and transmission time ratio, and injects them into the optical cable for optical cable route detection; The optical beat frequency demodulator is used to receive the reflected pulse, generate an optical beat frequency signal, and extract the amplitude and spectrum of each characteristic point based on the optical beat frequency signal; accordingly, the data processing unit is also used to identify the type of the characteristic point and calculate the length of the optical cable between each characteristic point and the transmitting end; The mobile terminal is used to collect the latitude and longitude information and unique identification of the carrying facility point, and to draw and display the optical cable routing map.

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