Configuration management system and method for iptables firewall

Abstract

The invention provides a configuration management system and method for an iptables firewall. The system comprises a strategy configuration unit, an operation task unit, a host configuration unit and an operation auditing unit. The strategy configuration unit defines an initial template and generates a strategy template according to basic information input by a user, and configures a plurality of strategies. And the operation task unit generates an operation task according to the target information, creates an approval work order when the operation is changed, executes the task after approval is passed, and saves a result. And the host configuration unit displays current and historical iptables configurations according to the query command. And the operation auditing unit records the operation log, detects abnormal operation and generates an alarm notification. Through a unified Web interface, firewall rule configuration, task creation and approval, configuration query, operation log auditing and problem positioning are simplified. Configuration efficiency and accuracy are improved, batch management and a strict approval process are provided, and consistency and safety of firewall configuration are ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of network security, and in particular to a configuration management system and method for an iptables firewall. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of information technology, network security issues are becoming increasingly prominent. As a firewall tool widely used in Linux systems, the correctness of iptables configuration is directly related to the security of the system.

[0003] However, there are some problems with the traditional iptables configuration method: First, in a production environment, there are many devices involved, and it is necessary to manually log in and maintain the firewall configuration of each device, which is not only cumbersome to operate, but also easily affected by various factors; second, it is impossible to batch configure and modify the firewall rules of multiple devices, and the operation logs, operators, and basis of each configuration change are difficult to record and trace; in addition, there is a lack of version control, the operation cannot be traced back or rolled back, and the change approval is separated from the operation, making it difficult to achieve effective management and control; finally, there are deficiencies in the effective range and standardized management of firewall configuration, resulting in chaotic configuration management and difficulty in maintenance. In general, the traditional iptables configuration method has problems such as complex operation, easy to make mistakes, and difficult to manage.

[0004] Therefore, improving configuration efficiency, reducing human errors, and enhancing network security have become key issues that need to be addressed urgently. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of this, an embodiment of the present invention provides a configuration management system and method for an iptables firewall to solve the problems of iptables configuration being complicated, difficult to record and roll back, and having confusing management.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the embodiments of the present invention provide the following technical solutions:

[0007] The first aspect of the present invention discloses a configuration management system for an iptables firewall, the system comprising: a policy configuration unit, an operation task unit, a host configuration unit and an operation audit unit;

[0008] The policy configuration unit is used to define an initial template containing parameter placeholders according to basic information input by a user through a policy configuration interface; create a policy generation class in the initial template and test the policy generation class, and if the policy generation class meets the test requirements, determine that a policy template is obtained; and configure multiple policies using the policy template;

[0009] The operation task unit is used to generate an operation task for iptables configuration according to the target information input by the user through the task management interface; if the operation task is a change operation, create an approval work order; if the approval work order is approved, execute the operation task and save the execution result; the target information includes the strategy;

[0010] The host configuration unit is used to query and display the current iptables configuration and the historical iptables configuration when receiving the query command input by the user through the configuration query interface;

[0011] The operation audit unit is used to record all operation logs in the policy configuration unit, the operation task unit and the host configuration unit, and detect whether there is abnormal operation based on all operation logs. If so, an alarm notification is generated and output.

[0012] Preferably, the policy configuration unit includes: a policy template creation module and a policy rule configuration module;

[0013] The policy template creation module is used to define an initial template containing parameter placeholders according to the source IP address, destination IP address, port number, protocol type and iptables command in the basic information input by the user through the policy configuration interface;

[0014] The policy template creation module is further used to create a policy generation class in the initial template, and if the policy generation class meets the generation requirements of the iptables command, determine that the policy generation class meets the test requirements, and determine the iptables command generation template including the policy generation class as the policy template;

[0015] The policy rule configuration module is used to import multiple policy rules into the policy template to obtain multiple configured policies.

[0016] Preferably, the policy configuration unit further includes: a policy storage module;

[0017] The policy storage module is used to store all policy templates according to version numbers; wherein each policy template corresponds to a version number;

[0018] The policy storage module is further configured to search for a policy template corresponding to a version number in the viewing instruction when receiving the viewing instruction;

[0019] When a rollback instruction is received, a rollback operation is performed according to the version number carried in the rollback instruction;

[0020] When a comparison instruction is received, the policy templates corresponding to the multiple version numbers in the comparison instruction are obtained, and a comparison operation is performed to output a comparison result.

[0021] Preferably, the operation task unit includes: a task creation module and a task execution module;

[0022] The task creation module is used to generate an iptables command list according to the policy, the list of IP addresses to be allowed to access, and the list of machine IP addresses for which the policy is to be configured in the target information input by the user through the task management interface, and pass the iptables command list to the task execution module;

[0023] The task execution module is used to receive the iptables command list and generate an operation task;

[0024] The task execution module is further used to create an approval work order corresponding to the operation task if the operation task is a change operation task; when receiving an instruction indicating that the approval work order is approved, execute the operation task and store the execution result.

[0025] Preferably, the task execution module includes: an approval submodule and an execution submodule;

[0026] The approval submodule is used to receive the iptables command list and generate an operation task, and determine whether the operation task is a change operation task; if it is not a change operation task, the operation task is sent to the execution submodule; if it is a change operation task, an approval work order corresponding to the operation task is created and displayed through an interactive interface;

[0027] The approval submodule is further configured to send the operation task to the execution submodule when receiving an instruction indicating that the approval work order is approved; and to send a modification instruction to the task creation module when receiving an instruction indicating that the approval work order is not approved, so that the task creation module modifies the operation task based on the modification instruction;

[0028] The execution submodule is used to execute the operation task and store the execution result.

[0029] Preferably, the host configuration unit is further used to: when receiving a configuration comparison instruction, compare the current iptables configuration with the historical iptables configuration, obtain the configuration comparison result and output it.

[0030] Preferably, the operation audit unit is further used to: when receiving an operation log query instruction, search for the operation log corresponding to the operation log query instruction from all operation logs and output it.

[0031] Preferably, the system further comprises: a completion unit;

[0032] The completion unit is used to complete the user's input using a preset automatic completion method when it is detected that the user enters an iptables command in the interactive interface.

[0033] Preferably, the system further comprises: an error correction unit;

[0034] The error correction unit is used to correct the user's input using a preset error correction method when it is detected that the user inputs an iptables command in the interactive interface.

[0035] A second aspect of the present invention discloses a configuration management method for an iptables firewall, the method comprising:

[0036] Using the policy configuration unit, an initial template including parameter placeholders is defined according to basic information input by a user through a policy configuration interface;

[0037] Using the policy configuration unit to create a policy generation class in the initial template and test the policy generation class;

[0038] If the policy generation class meets the test requirements, it is determined that a policy template is obtained;

[0039] Configure multiple policies using the policy template by the policy configuration unit;

[0040] Using the operation task unit to generate an operation task for iptables configuration according to the target information input by the user through the task management interface; the target information includes the strategy;

[0041] If the operation task is a change operation, creating an approval work order using the operation task unit;

[0042] If the approval work order is approved, the operation task is executed by the operation task unit, and the execution result is saved;

[0043] When receiving a query command input by the user through the configuration query interface, query and display the current iptables configuration and the historical iptables configuration using the host configuration unit;

[0044] The operation audit unit is used to record all operation logs in the policy configuration unit, the operation task unit and the host configuration unit, and detects whether there is abnormal operation based on all operation logs. If so, an alarm notification is generated and output.

[0045] Based on the above-mentioned embodiment of the present invention, a configuration management system and method for an iptables firewall is provided. The system includes: a policy configuration unit, an operation task unit, a host configuration unit and an operation audit unit. The policy configuration unit defines an initial template and generates a policy template according to the basic information input by the user, and configures multiple policies. The operation task unit generates an operation task according to the target information, and creates an approval work order when changing the operation. After approval, the task is executed and the result is saved. The host configuration unit displays the current and historical iptables configuration according to the query command. The operation audit unit records the operation log and detects abnormal operations, and generates an alarm notification. Through a unified Web interface, firewall rule configuration, task creation and approval, configuration query, and operation log audit and problem location are simplified. Improve configuration efficiency and accuracy, provide batch management and real-time monitoring, strict approval process and detailed log records, as well as unified configuration standards and management specifications, to ensure the consistency and security of firewall configuration. The present invention has broad application prospects in network security management, can significantly improve network protection capabilities, and ensure network security. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0046] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without paying creative work.

[0047] Figure 1 A structural block diagram of a configuration management system of an iptables firewall provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a policy configuration interface provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a policy configuration interface performing a rollback operation provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a task management interface provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a host selection interface in a task management interface provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of creating an approval work order provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of storing execution results provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0054] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of an automatic completion method based on AI technology provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0055] Fig. 9 A schematic diagram of the automatic error correction model training provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0056] Fig.10 A schematic diagram of evaluation and optimization provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0057] Fig.11 A flowchart of a configuration management method for an iptables firewall provided in an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0058] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0059] In this application, the terms "comprises", "comprising" or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device comprising a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. In the absence of further restrictions, an element defined by the sentence "comprising a ..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or device comprising the element.

[0060] As can be seen from the background technology, the traditional iptables configuration method has the problems of cumbersome operation, prone to errors, difficult batch management, lack of logging and version control, and difficulty in achieving standardization and effective management and control.

[0061] Therefore, an embodiment of the present invention provides a configuration management system and method for an iptables firewall, the system comprising: a policy configuration unit, an operation task unit, a host configuration unit, and an operation audit unit. The policy configuration unit defines an initial template and generates a policy template based on the basic information input by the user, and configures multiple policies. The operation task unit generates an operation task based on the target information, and creates an approval work order when the operation is changed. After approval, the task is executed and the result is saved. The host configuration unit displays the current and historical iptables configuration according to the query command. The operation audit unit records the operation log and detects abnormal operations, and generates an alarm notification. Through a unified Web interface, firewall rule configuration, task creation and approval, configuration query, operation log audit and problem location are simplified. The configuration efficiency and accuracy are improved, batch management and strict approval process are provided, and the consistency and security of the firewall configuration are ensured.

[0062] See also Figure 1 , shows a structural block diagram of a configuration management system for an iptables firewall provided by an embodiment of the present invention, the system is specifically an automated iptables firewall monitoring configuration system based on Java, and configuration management is performed through a unified Web interface. The system includes: a policy configuration unit 1, an operation task unit 2, a host configuration unit 3 and an operation audit unit 4.

[0063] Specifically, the policy configuration unit 1 is used to define an initial template containing parameter placeholders according to the basic information input by the user through the policy configuration interface; create a policy generation class in the initial template and test the policy generation class. If the policy generation class meets the test requirements, it is determined that the policy template is obtained; and use the policy template to configure multiple policies.

[0064] For example, in the embodiment of the present invention Figure 2 As shown, the policy configuration interface receives information such as policy title, operation type, policy type, operating system, business function, whitelist and port input by the user to configure the policy.

[0065] It should be noted that the policy configuration interface provides an intuitive form for administrators to fill in firewall rules. At the same time, it supports batch import and export of rules to improve configuration efficiency.

[0066] That is, the policy configuration unit 1 defines an initial template containing parameter placeholders according to the basic information input by the user in the policy configuration interface; creates a policy generation class in the initial template and tests it. If the policy generation class passes the test, the final policy template is determined; then, the policy template is used to configure multiple policies.

[0067] It should be noted that the policy configuration unit 1 includes: a policy template creation module and a policy rule configuration module.

[0068] Specifically, the policy template creation module is used to define an initial template containing parameter placeholders according to specific rules such as source IP address, destination IP address, port number, protocol type and iptables command in the basic information input by the user through the policy configuration interface.

[0069] It should be noted that the policy template creation module is also used to create a policy generation class in the initial template. If the policy generation class meets the generation requirements of the iptables command, it is determined that the policy generation class meets the test requirements, and the iptables command generation template including the policy generation class is determined as the policy template.

[0070] It is understandable that users can configure specific iptables rules in batches in the initial template.

[0071] Specifically, the policy rule configuration module is used to import multiple policy rules into a policy template to obtain multiple configured policies.

[0072] It is understandable that the policy configuration unit 1 further includes: a policy storage module, which is used to store all policy templates according to version numbers, specifically in a database, wherein each policy template corresponds to a version number.

[0073] It should be noted that the policy storage module is also used to search for the policy template corresponding to the version number in the view instruction when a view instruction is received; when a rollback instruction is received, perform a rollback operation according to the version number carried in the rollback instruction; when a comparison instruction is received, obtain the policy templates corresponding to multiple version numbers in the comparison instruction, perform a comparison operation, and output the comparison results.

[0074] That is to say, the policy template can be version controlled by version number, and users can query and roll back the version of the policy template. They can also compare multiple versions of the policy template.

[0075] For example Figure 3 As shown, a rollback operation is performed on the policy template with a policy ID of 1, a policy title of blacklist policy, and a version number of 2.

[0076] It should be noted that in order to achieve unified and automated management of the firewall, different access policies can be encapsulated, and basic commands can be encapsulated into multiple policies. Each policy assembles commands in a parameterized manner, and then operates through a unified command change mechanism. This can achieve flexible firewall management.

[0077] Take encapsulating a whitelist policy (that is, encapsulating the whitelist configuration between a cluster or services with a normal calling relationship into a whitelist policy) as an example:

[0078] First, define an initial template containing parameter placeholders through the following code to generate iptables commands.

[0079] " public class IptablesTemplate {

[0080] private static final String TEMPLATE = "iptables -A INPUT -s %s -j ACCEPT";

[0081] public String generateCommand(String ipAddress) {

[0082] return String.format(TEMPLATE, ipAddress);

[0083] }

[0084] }".

[0085] Secondly, create a policy generation class in the initial template through the following code to generate specific iptables commands.

[0086] "import java.util.List;

[0087] public class IptablesPolicyGenerator {

[0088] private IptablesTemplate template;

[0089] public IptablesPolicyGenerator() {

[0090] this.template = new IptablesTemplate();

[0091] }

[0092] public List <string>createWhitelistPolicy(List <string>ipAddresses) {

[0093] List <string>commands = new ArrayList<>();

[0094] for (String ip : ipAddresses) {

[0095] commands.add(template.generateCommand(ip));

[0096] }

[0097] return commands;

[0098] }

[0099] }".

[0100] Finally, the policy generation class is tested through the following code to ensure that the iptables command can be generated correctly.

[0101] " import java.util.Arrays;

[0102] import java.util.List;

[0103] public class Main {

[0104] public static void main(String[] args) {

[0105] IptablesPolicyGenerator generator = newIptablesPolicyGenerator();

[0106] List <string>ipAddresses = Arrays.asList("192.168.1.1", "192.168.1.2", "192.168.1.3");

[0107] List <string>commands = generator.createWhitelistPolicy(ipAddresses);

[0108] for (String command : commands) {

[0109] System.out.println(command);

[0110] }

[0111] }

[0112] }".

[0113] It is understandable that when the above code is executed and the test passes, it should output:

[0114] " iptables -A INPUT -s 192.168.1.1 -j ACCEPT

[0115] iptables -A INPUT -s 192.168.1.2 -j ACCEPT

[0116] iptables -A INPUT -s 192.168.1.3 -j ACCEPT".

[0117] Through these steps, you can get a Java class that can generate whitelist policies through parameters. This class accepts a list of IP addresses and generates corresponding iptables commands.

[0118] Specifically, the operation task unit 2 is used to generate an operation task for the iptables configuration according to the target information input by the user through the task management interface; if the operation task is a change operation, an approval work order is created; if the approval work order is approved, the operation task is executed and the execution result is saved. Among them, the target information includes any policy configured by the policy configuration unit 1.

[0119] That is, the operation task unit 2 generates a corresponding iptables configuration operation task according to the target information input by the user in the task management interface. If the operation task is a change operation, an approval work order is created; after the approval work order is approved, the operation task is executed and the execution result is saved.

[0120] It should be noted that the operation task unit 2 includes: a task creation module and a task execution module.

[0121] Specifically, the task creation module is used to generate an iptables command list based on the strategy in the target information input by the user through the task management interface, the list of IP addresses to be allowed access, and the list of machine IP addresses for which the strategy is to be configured, and pass the iptables command list to the task execution module.

[0122] For example, the present invention Figure 4 As shown, the user enters target information such as policy title (i.e., policy), whitelist (i.e., a list of IP addresses to be allowed access), device IP (i.e., a list of machine IP addresses for which policies are to be configured), and effective time through the task management interface to generate an iptables command list.

[0123] When the user clicks Figure 4 When you click the "Please select a host" button in the task management interface shown in the figure, the host selection interface is displayed, such as Figure 5 As shown, a plurality of machine IP addresses for which policies are to be configured are displayed on the host selection interface, and the user can select a list of machine IP addresses for which policies are to be configured through the host selection interface.

[0124] Understandably, the task management interface displays a list of all operation tasks, and administrators can view task details, create new tasks, and approve tasks. The interface supports batch operation and search functions for tasks, making it easier for administrators to efficiently manage a large number of tasks.

[0125] Specifically, the task execution module is used to receive the iptables command list and generate operation tasks.

[0126] That is, the task creation module passes the iptables command list to the interface that executes these commands, and the task execution module generates operation tasks based on these commands.

[0127] It should be noted that the purpose of generating and saving operation tasks is to facilitate tracking the execution status of tasks, viewing execution results and logs. If the task execution fails, you can view the relevant information to understand the cause of the failure.

[0128] It is understandable that the task execution module is also used to create an approval work order corresponding to the operation task if the operation task is a change operation task; when an instruction indicating that the approval work order is approved is received, the operation task is executed and the execution result is stored.

[0129] That is, if the operation task is a change operation task, an approval work order corresponding to the operation task is created. When the approval work order is approved, the operation task is executed and the execution result is saved. If the operation task is not a change operation task, that is, a non-change operation task, the operation task is directly executed and the execution result is saved.

[0130] It should be further explained that the task execution module includes: an approval submodule and an execution submodule.

[0131] Specifically, the approval submodule is used to receive the iptables command list and generate an operation task, and determine whether the operation task is a change operation task; if it is not a change operation task, the operation task is sent to the execution submodule; if it is a change operation task, an approval work order corresponding to the operation task is created and displayed through the interactive interface.

[0132] It should be noted that if the operation task is to add, delete or modify the iptables configuration information, then the operation task is a change operation task; if the operation task is to query the iptables configuration information, then the operation task is a non-change operation task.

[0133] For example, in the embodiment of the present invention Figure 6 As shown, create an approval work order (such as an ITSM work order) corresponding to the operation task, and set the authorizer corresponding to the approval work order, that is, the administrator who approves the approval work order.

[0134] It should be noted that the approval work order includes but is not limited to the content of the change to the iptables configuration information, the basis for the change, risk analysis, business impact, rollback strategy, and detailed operation step verification methods and verification steps.

[0135] It can be understood that the approval sub-module is also used to send the operation task to the execution sub-module when receiving an instruction indicating that the approval work order is approved; when receiving an instruction indicating that the approval work order is not approved, sending a modification instruction to the task creation module so that the task creation module modifies the operation task based on the modification instruction.

[0136] It should be noted that the system will automatically execute the corresponding operation tasks only after approval. This mechanism greatly improves security, and also improves the efficiency and security of network administrators in writing and maintaining firewall rules.

[0137] Specifically, the execution submodule is used to execute the operation task and store the execution result. The storage of the execution result is as shown in the embodiment of the present invention. Figure 7 shown.

[0138] It can be understood that the execution submodule specifically calls the API of the automation system to execute the corresponding iptables configuration command to support the scheduled execution of tasks.

[0139] In some specific embodiments, when the system receives an operation task through an interface, it automatically verifies the command to be executed, and automatically corrects any errors found and saves them in a log.

[0140] It is understandable that the task execution results and logs are recorded in the system, which helps the administrator to view the execution status and detailed logs of the task through the web interface and supports real-time monitoring of the task execution process.

[0141] Specifically, the host configuration unit 3 is used to query and display the current iptables configuration and the historical iptables configuration when receiving a query command input by the user through the configuration query interface.

[0142] The host configuration unit 3 is also used to compare the current iptables configuration with the historical iptables configuration when receiving a configuration comparison instruction, obtain the configuration comparison result and output it.

[0143] In other words, the host configuration module 3 supports real-time query and comparison of the current configuration and historical configuration of the host, which is convenient for the administrator to optimize the configuration. The administrator selects the target host through the web interface and executes the query command to obtain the current iptables configuration and historical configuration. The query results will be displayed on the web interface and support graphical display, which is convenient for the administrator to intuitively view the configuration details. In addition, the module also supports comparative analysis of the current configuration and historical configuration. The administrator can select different configuration versions for detailed comparison and easily identify configuration differences.

[0144] It is understandable that the configuration query interface provides the query function of the current configuration and historical configuration, and the administrator can intuitively view and compare the firewall configuration. The interface supports graphical display of configuration results, which improves readability.

[0145] Specifically, the operation audit unit 4 is used to record all operation logs in the policy configuration unit 1, the operation task unit 2 and the host configuration unit 3, and detect whether there is any abnormal operation based on all operation logs. If so, an alarm notification is generated and output.

[0146] The operation audit unit 4 is further configured to search for and output the operation log corresponding to the query operation log instruction from all operation logs when receiving the query operation log instruction.

[0147] That is, the operation audit module 4 records all operation logs and provides detailed operation audit and problem location functions. The system records detailed information such as the time, operator, and operation content of each operation, and supports regular backup and archiving of logs. Administrators can query historical operation records in the Web interface through a variety of query and filtering conditions. If the system detects an abnormal operation, it will automatically send an alarm notification. The alarm record includes detailed information about the abnormal operation, helping administrators to locate and solve the problem in a timely manner.

[0148] In some specific embodiments, the configuration management system of the iptables firewall proposed in the embodiments of the present invention also includes a completion unit and an error correction unit.

[0149] Specifically, the completion unit is used to complete the user's input using a preset automatic completion method when it is detected that the user enters an iptables command in the interactive interface.

[0150] Among them, the preset automatic completion method includes but is not limited to a dictionary-based automatic completion method, a context-awareness-based automatic completion method, and an AI-based automatic completion method.

[0151] It should be noted that the dictionary-based auto-completion method is based on dictionary maintenance: create a dictionary containing commonly used iptables commands, parameters, and options, including but not limited to: -A, -I, -D, -L, --dport, --sport, etc. Regularly update the dictionary based on user feedback and the latest iptables version to ensure that it covers the latest and most commonly used commands.

[0152] When implementing on the front end, the React-Autocomplete component in the React library is used to implement the auto-completion function. When the user enters a command in the input box, React-Autocomplete will match the relevant commands and parameters from the dictionary based on the current input content and display them in the drop-down list for the user to select.

[0153] For example, when a user enters "iptables -" in the interactive interface, the drop-down list may display options such as "-A", "-I", "-D", and "-L". After the user selects "-A", when continuing to enter, the drop-down list will display common parameters such as "--dport", "--sport", etc.

[0154] It should be noted that the context-aware automatic completion method includes: intelligent completion and context analysis. Among them, intelligent completion specifically provides more accurate completion suggestions by analyzing the context of user input. For example, when the user enters "iptables -A", the completion list should display commonly used chain names, such as "INPUT", "FORWARD", "OUTPUT", etc. Context analysis specifically uses a rule-based context analysis method to identify the currently input commands and parameters. For example, when "-A" is detected, the system can recognize that the user is adding a rule, and thus display the relevant chain name.

[0155] For example, after the user enters "iptables -A" in the interactive interface, the auto-completion suggestions may include: "INPUT", "FORWARD", "OUTPUT". After the user selects "INPUT", when continuing to enter, the completion list will display commonly used subsequent parameters, such as: "-p", "--dport", etc.

[0156] In practical applications, in order to achieve more intelligent completion, regular expressions and other technologies can be combined to identify command patterns, thereby improving the accuracy of completion.

[0157] It should be noted that, in combination with the embodiments of the present invention Figure 8 The automatic completion method based on AI technology includes 9 parts: data collection and preprocessing, command syntax and structure analysis, model selection and architecture design, model training, reasoning and completion, evaluation and optimization, integration and deployment, security and privacy considerations and continuous improvement.

[0158] Data collection and preprocessing specifically involves collecting a large number of iptables-related command use cases and configuration files, from rules used in actual operation and maintenance, examples in online tutorials, and configuration templates provided by the community. The collected data needs to be cleaned and normalized to remove redundant comments and format errors to ensure data consistency and high quality, thus providing a reliable foundation for subsequent completion functions.

[0159] The specific analysis of command syntax and structure is as follows: Since iptables commands are usually composed of a series of options and parameters, such as chains (INPUT, OUTPUT), actions (ACCEPT, DROP), conditions (-p tcp, --dport 80), etc. In order for the model to understand the structure of the command, it is necessary to analyze and define the syntax tree of the command. In addition, it is also necessary to understand the logical order and dependencies of the rules to ensure the reasonable combination of commands under specific conditions in order to generate effective and expected rules.

[0160] Model selection and architecture design specifically involves choosing a rule-based approach, such as designing a rule-based completion system based on the grammatical rules and command structure of iptables. The system analyzes some of the commands that the user has entered and provides completion suggestions for subsequent commands based on the grammatical requirements of iptables. This completion method ensures that the commands entered by the user conform to the correct format of iptables and helps the user quickly complete the writing of commands, improving efficiency and accuracy. Alternatively, a machine learning-based approach can be chosen, such as the n-gram model, Seq2Seq model, or Transformer model.

[0161] Model training specifically involves building a training set that includes complete iptables commands and some input commands. The training set should cover a variety of actual usage scenarios and different rule combinations to ensure that the model can handle diverse command inputs. The objective function optimizes the performance of the model by minimizing the difference between the predicted completion and the actual command. Cross entropy is usually used as the loss function to measure the degree of match between the command fragments generated by the model and the correct command. In addition, data augmentation by generating command variants with different orders and parameter combinations can increase the diversity of training data, thereby improving the model's generalization ability and ability to cope with complex scenarios.

[0162] Reasoning and completion specifically means that when a user enters the "iptables" command, the system needs to predict and suggest the next possible parameter or command fragment in real time. Based on the partial commands that the user has entered and common command patterns, the system can dynamically generate completion suggestions to improve the user's input efficiency. At the same time, the system also needs to have contextual understanding capabilities. By analyzing the context of the current command (such as the previous rule configuration or the target entered by the user), it can provide more logical and contextual completion suggestions, thereby ensuring that the suggested commands are more accurate, reasonable, and in line with the user's intentions.

[0163] Integration and deployment specifically means: To improve the input efficiency of iptables commands, the completion function can be integrated into common development environments and text editors, and real-time command completion can be achieved through plug-ins. In addition, a command line auto-completion tool is developed to help users get instant suggestions when entering iptables commands in the terminal, further improving the user experience. To facilitate network configuration management, the completion function can also be integrated in the online editor to provide a more friendly and intuitive user interface, ensuring that users can complete tasks quickly and accurately when performing command configuration.

[0164] Security and privacy considerations and continuous improvement mean that when providing the iptables command completion function, we must first ensure that the commands and configuration data entered by users will not be leaked or abused, and protect the privacy of users. At the same time, the generation of completion suggestions must give priority to security and avoid recommending potentially dangerous or unsafe rules. In order to maintain the accuracy and practicality of completion suggestions, the system should continuously update and train models as iptables versions are updated and the network security situation changes. In addition, users and the community are encouraged to actively participate and submit feedback and improvement suggestions to enhance the adaptability, coverage and user experience of the completion system.

[0165] Specifically, the error correction unit is used to correct the user's input using a preset error correction method when it is detected that the user inputs an iptables command in the interactive interface.

[0166] Among them, the preset error correction methods include but are not limited to regular expression verification error correction methods, static analysis error correction methods and automatic error correction methods based on AI technology.

[0167] It is understandable that in order to ensure that the commands entered by users comply with the iptables syntax rules, regular expressions can be used to verify the command format during the input process. If the command does not comply with the specification, the system will prompt the user to correct it in time. In addition, combined with the official documentation and manuals of iptables, static analysis tools can be developed to check the correctness of user input commands in real time to ensure the effectiveness and accuracy of the commands, thereby improving the safety and accuracy of operations.

[0168] It should be noted that the automatic error correction method based on AI technology includes eight parts: data collection and labeling, error type analysis, model selection and architecture design, model training, reasoning and error correction, evaluation and optimization, security and privacy considerations, and continuous improvement.

[0169] Specifically, data collection and annotation and error type analysis means: In order to improve the completion and verification accuracy of iptables commands, a large number of actual use cases need to be collected, including correct and incorrect commands. These data can come from open source projects, online tutorials, and actual operation logs. After collecting these data, they are annotated to clearly mark the error types in the commands, such as syntax errors, parameter errors, logical errors, etc., and provide the corresponding correct forms. Specific error types include: Syntax errors: such as incorrect command format or missing necessary parameters. Parameter errors: invalid options or parameter values ​​are used. Logical errors: logical conflicts between rules, such as improper rule order or rule coverage issues. Security errors: insecure rule configurations may lead to potential security risks. These data annotations and analyses help improve the accuracy and practicality of the command checking and completion system.

[0170] Model selection and architecture design: Specifically, you can choose a rule-based approach or a machine learning-based approach. Among them, the rule-based approach includes: Syntax checker: Design a syntax checker that can identify obvious syntax errors and parameter errors in commands based on the syntax rules of iptables and prompt users to correct them in time. Static analysis: Use static analysis technology to check logical errors and potential security risks in commands, such as rule order problems, rule conflicts, or insecure configurations.

[0171] Machine learning-based methods include: error detection models, which use sequence annotation models (such as LSTM and CRF) to process commands, mark the error locations in commands, and help identify and correct errors in commands. Transformer models, which use Transformer architectures (such as BERT and GPT) to understand the context of commands, predict potential errors in commands, and provide correction suggestions, further improving the accuracy and intelligence of command correction.

[0172] The combination of these two methods can comprehensively improve the ability to analyze and correct iptables commands, ensuring the accuracy and security of operations.

[0173] Specifically, as in the embodiment of the present invention Fig. 9 As shown in the figure, model training includes: training data preparation process, dividing the collected "iptables" command data set into training set and validation set, and ensuring that the training set contains multiple types of error examples, such as syntax errors, parameter errors, and logical errors, to enhance the generalization ability of the model. When training the model, cross entropy is used as the loss function to minimize the gap between the predicted results and the actual annotations. In order to improve the robustness of the model, common error variants (such as parameter spelling errors, order errors, etc.) can also be added through data enhancement technology to help the model better cope with different command formats and non-standard inputs, thereby improving the performance of the model in practical applications.

[0174] Reasoning and error correction specifically involves the model analyzing the input "iptables" command, first performing error detection and identifying possible erroneous parts. The model provides correction suggestions for the errors found, and the user can choose to accept or reject these suggestions. The correction process is based on contextual understanding to ensure the correctness of the command logic. In addition, the model can also provide contextual suggestions based on the context or the current status of the rule set to help users avoid logical conflicts and further optimize the accuracy and effectiveness of the command.

[0175] Specifically, as in the embodiment of the present invention Fig.10 As shown in the figure, evaluation and optimization specifically refers to the performance evaluation of the model, including accuracy and recall, focusing on the security of commands and the accuracy of execution, ensuring its effectiveness in identifying and correcting errors. At the same time, through error and omission analysis, the performance of the model in processing complex rule sets is deeply evaluated to optimize its error correction capabilities. In addition, the model also integrates a user feedback mechanism to continuously adjust and improve the error correction logic based on actual user usage, thereby improving the practicality and accuracy of the model.

[0176] Security and privacy considerations and continuous improvement mean that during the command analysis process, the model focuses on privacy protection to ensure that the user's sensitive configuration information is not leaked. At the same time, security is always the primary concern, and the model will avoid introducing potential security vulnerabilities when providing error correction suggestions. With the update of the `iptables` version and the emergence of new network security threats, the model will update rules and algorithms in a timely manner to adapt to the latest needs. In addition, the model also relies on feedback and contributions from the open source community to continuously improve the error detection and error correction mechanism to ensure its continuous optimization and improvement.

[0177] In the embodiment of the present invention, the Java-based Spring framework simplifies the firewall configuration and management process. Based on the system's policy configuration unit, operation task unit, host configuration unit and operation audit unit, users only need to fill in the configuration information and execute it through the automated system. The approval and secondary authorization mechanism effectively solves the problem of chaotic management. In addition, the audit function improves the efficiency of problem location. Its main advantages include simplifying the operation process, supporting batch configuration management, recording operation logs, realizing version control and rollback, unified approval and operation management, standardized management, real-time monitoring, graphical display and alarm notification, etc., which greatly improves the security, efficiency and controllability of management.

[0178] Corresponding to the configuration management system of an iptables firewall provided in the above embodiment of the present invention, see Fig.11 , shows a flow chart of a configuration management method of an iptables firewall provided by an embodiment of the present invention. The method comprises:

[0179] Step S1101: using a policy configuration unit to define an initial template including parameter placeholders according to basic information input by a user through a policy configuration interface.

[0180] Step S1102: using the policy configuration unit to create a policy generation class in the initial template and test the policy generation class.

[0181] Step S1103: If the policy generation class meets the test requirements, it is determined that a policy template is obtained.

[0182] Step S1104: configuring multiple policies using a policy template through a policy configuration unit.

[0183] Step S1105: Generate an operation task for iptables configuration according to the target information input by the user through the task management interface using the operation task unit.

[0184] It should be noted that the target information at least includes the policy configured by the policy template.

[0185] Step S1106: If the operation task is a change operation, an approval work order is created using the operation task unit.

[0186] Step S1107: If the approval work order is approved, the operation task is executed using the operation task unit and the execution result is saved.

[0187] Step S1108: When a query command input by the user through the configuration query interface is received, the host configuration unit is used to query and display the current iptables configuration and the historical iptables configuration.

[0188] Step S1109: Use the operation audit unit to record all operation logs in the policy configuration unit, the operation task unit and the host configuration unit, and detect whether there is any abnormal operation based on all operation logs. If so, generate and output an alarm notification.

[0189] In an embodiment of the present invention, a Java-based automated iptables firewall monitoring configuration device is provided, which simplifies firewall rule configuration, task creation and approval, configuration query and comparison, and operation log audit and problem location through a unified Web interface. Its significant advantages include improving configuration efficiency and accuracy, reducing human errors, providing batch management and real-time monitoring, strict approval process and detailed log records, and unified configuration standards and management specifications to ensure the consistency and security of firewall configuration. The present invention has broad application prospects in network security management, can significantly improve network protection capabilities, and ensure network security.

[0190] Each embodiment in this specification is described in a progressive manner, and the same or similar parts between the embodiments can refer to each other, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. In particular, for the system or system embodiment, since it is basically similar to the method embodiment, the description is relatively simple, and the relevant parts can refer to the partial description of the method embodiment. The system and system embodiments described above are merely schematic, wherein the units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components displayed as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place, or they may be distributed on multiple network units. Some or all of the modules may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the scheme of this embodiment. Ordinary technicians in this field can understand and implement it without creative work.

[0191] Professionals may further appreciate that the units and algorithm steps of each example described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, computer software, or a combination of the two. In order to clearly illustrate the interchangeability of hardware and software, the composition and steps of each example have been generally described in the above description according to function. Whether these functions are performed in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Professionals and technicians may use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered to be beyond the scope of the present invention.

[0192] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but rather to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.< / string> < / string> < / string> < / string> < / string>

Claims

1. A configuration management system for an iptables firewall, characterized in that: The system comprises: a policy configuration unit, an operation task unit, a host configuration unit and an operation audit unit; The policy configuration unit is used to define an initial template containing parameter placeholders according to basic information input by a user through a policy configuration interface; create a policy generation class in the initial template and test the policy generation class, and if the policy generation class meets the test requirements, determine that a policy template is obtained; and configure multiple policies using the policy template; The operation task unit is used to generate an operation task for iptables configuration according to the target information input by the user through the task management interface; if the operation task is a change operation, create an approval work order; if the approval work order is approved, execute the operation task and save the execution result; the target information includes the strategy; The host configuration unit is used to query and display the current iptables configuration and the historical iptables configuration when receiving the query command input by the user through the configuration query interface; The operation audit unit is used to record all operation logs in the policy configuration unit, the operation task unit and the host configuration unit, and detect whether there is abnormal operation based on all operation logs. If so, an alarm notification is generated and output.

2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that The policy configuration unit includes: a policy template creation module and a policy rule configuration module; The policy template creation module is used to define an initial template containing parameter placeholders according to the source IP address, destination IP address, port number, protocol type and iptables command in the basic information input by the user through the policy configuration interface; The policy template creation module is further used to create a policy generation class in the initial template, and if the policy generation class meets the generation requirements of the iptables command, determine that the policy generation class meets the test requirements, and determine the iptables command generation template including the policy generation class as the policy template; The policy rule configuration module is used to import multiple policy rules into the policy template to obtain multiple configured policies.

3. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that The policy configuration unit further includes: a policy storage module; The policy storage module is used to store all policy templates according to version numbers; wherein each policy template corresponds to a version number; The policy storage module is further configured to search for a policy template corresponding to a version number in the viewing instruction when receiving the viewing instruction; When a rollback instruction is received, a rollback operation is performed according to the version number carried in the rollback instruction; When a comparison instruction is received, the policy templates corresponding to the multiple version numbers in the comparison instruction are obtained, and a comparison operation is performed to output a comparison result.

4. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that The operation task unit includes: a task creation module and a task execution module; The task creation module is used to generate an iptables command list according to the policy, the list of IP addresses to be allowed to access, and the list of machine IP addresses for which the policy is to be configured in the target information input by the user through the task management interface, and pass the iptables command list to the task execution module; The task execution module is used to receive the iptables command list and generate an operation task; The task execution module is further used to create an approval work order corresponding to the operation task if the operation task is a change operation task; when receiving an instruction indicating that the approval work order is approved, execute the operation task and store the execution result.

5. The system according to claim 4, characterized in that The task execution module includes: an approval submodule and an execution submodule; The approval submodule is used to receive the iptables command list and generate an operation task, and determine whether the operation task is a change operation task; if it is not a change operation task, the operation task is sent to the execution submodule; if it is a change operation task, an approval work order corresponding to the operation task is created and displayed through an interactive interface; The approval submodule is further configured to send the operation task to the execution submodule when receiving an instruction indicating that the approval work order is approved; and to send a modification instruction to the task creation module when receiving an instruction indicating that the approval work order is not approved, so that the task creation module modifies the operation task based on the modification instruction; The execution submodule is used to execute the operation task and store the execution result.

6. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that The host configuration unit is also used to: when receiving a configuration comparison instruction, compare the current iptables configuration with the historical iptables configuration, obtain the configuration comparison result and output it.

7. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that The operation audit unit is further configured to: when receiving an operation log query instruction, search for the operation log corresponding to the operation log query instruction from all operation logs and output the operation log.

8. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that The system further comprises: a completion unit; The completion unit is used to complete the user's input using a preset automatic completion method when it is detected that the user enters an iptables command in the interactive interface.

9. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that The system further comprises: an error correction unit; The error correction unit is used to correct the user's input using a preset error correction method when it is detected that the user inputs an iptables command in the interactive interface.

10. A configuration management method for an iptables firewall, characterized in that: The method comprises: Using the policy configuration unit, define an initial template including parameter placeholders according to basic information input by a user through a policy configuration interface; Using the policy configuration unit to create a policy generation class in the initial template and test the policy generation class; If the policy generation class meets the test requirements, it is determined that a policy template is obtained; Configure multiple policies using the policy template by the policy configuration unit; Using the operation task unit to generate an operation task for iptables configuration according to the target information input by the user through the task management interface; the target information includes the strategy; If the operation task is a change operation, creating an approval work order using the operation task unit; If the approval work order is approved, the operation task is executed by the operation task unit, and the execution result is saved; When receiving a query command input by the user through the configuration query interface, query and display the current iptables configuration and the historical iptables configuration using the host configuration unit; The operation audit unit is used to record all operation logs in the policy configuration unit, the operation task unit and the host configuration unit, and detects whether there is abnormal operation based on all operation logs. If so, an alarm notification is generated and output.

Images