Data exchange method based on P2P

Abstract

The invention discloses a P2P (peer-to-peer)-based data exchange method, which relates to the technical field of data transmission and comprises the following steps of: enabling a node to identify other nodes in a P2P network by adopting a broadcast or multicast-based mechanism; after the node finds other nodes in the P2P network, direct P2P connection is established; the data exchange control center issues a data use control strategy, and after nodes configure, analyze and execute the data use control strategy, P2P data exchange is carried out; the transmission data is encrypted, and the data receiving node uses the negotiated decryption algorithm to decrypt; sending node signature data, verifying by a data receiving node, and determining whether to receive the data according to a result; carrying out data type and format adaptation; the two data exchange parties upload related information to the data exchange control center for evidence storage, and the data exchange control center monitors the whole process of data exchange. The method allows the data to be directly transmitted among the network nodes, thereby reducing the delay, improving the transmission speed, and enhancing the privacy protection of the data.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of data transmission, in particular to a P2P-based data exchange method. Background Art

[0002] In today's era of data elements, data has become an extremely important production factor, and the degree of its circulation and utilization is directly related to the development of social economy and the innovation and progress of various industries. The circulation of data is like the blood of economic operation, which enables data to flow between different organizations, institutions and individuals to maximize the value of data; and the utilization of data is to transform these flowing data into actual productivity, provide support for decision-making, and promote business development and innovation.

[0003] However, traditional data transmission methods have many serious problems. They are highly dependent on centralized servers, which is like putting all your eggs in one basket. Once this centralized server fails, the entire data transmission system will be paralyzed. Moreover, with the continuous growth of data volume and the increasing complexity of user needs, centralized servers are prone to performance bottlenecks. For example, when a large number of users request data transmission at the same time, the server's processing capacity may not be able to meet the demand, resulting in a significant increase in the delay of data exchange. This delay not only affects the user experience, but in some scenarios with extremely high real-time requirements, such as financial transactions, smart transportation, etc., it may also cause huge economic losses.

[0004] In addition to performance bottlenecks, data security is also a major problem faced by traditional data transmission methods. Since data is stored in centralized servers, once the server is attacked by hackers, malware is invaded, or improper operation by internal personnel, it is very likely to cause data leakage. Data leakage will not only harm the interests of data owners, but may also cause a series of legal risks and social problems. For example, the leakage of personal privacy data may lead to the abuse of personal information, and the leakage of corporate trade secrets may put the company at a disadvantage in market competition.

[0005] In the face of complex regulatory requirements, diverse data sources, and the participation of multiple parties, traditional data exchange methods may not be able to fully guarantee the data subject's right to know and control during the data transmission process. Data subjects may not know where their data is transmitted, who uses it, and for what purpose, and they cannot exercise effective control over their data, such as the right to access, modify, and delete. In terms of data storage, traditional methods may have data storage issues that do not comply with regulations, such as the location of data storage that does not meet regulatory requirements, and the period of data storage that is too long or too short.

[0006] In addition, there are huge differences in data formats, data quality requirements, and data security requirements in different industries. For example, the data format of the medical industry is usually related to the patient's medical records, diagnosis results, etc., and has extremely high requirements for data accuracy and completeness. At the same time, it involves the privacy of patients, and the requirements for data security are also very strict; while the data format of the financial industry is related to transaction records, account information, etc., and has high requirements for the timeliness and consistency of data, and also needs to attach great importance to data security. However, existing data exchange methods often lack sufficient flexibility to adapt to this diversity. When exchanging data, data format incompatibility often occurs, resulting in the inability to transmit and use data normally; there may also be inconsistent understanding of data semantics, which makes it impossible for the recipient to accurately understand the meaning of the data, thereby affecting the value of data utilization. Summary of the invention

[0007] In view of the needs and shortcomings of current technology development, the present invention provides a P2P-based data exchange method to improve data interoperability while ensuring data transmission efficiency and security.

[0008] The present invention provides a P2P-based data exchange method, which solves the above technical problems using the following technical solutions: A P2P-based data exchange method comprises the following steps: S1. Use a broadcast or multicast-based mechanism to enable a node to identify other nodes in the P2P network; S2, after the node discovers the rest of the nodes in the P2P network, it establishes a direct P2P connection so that data is transmitted directly between the two nodes that have established the P2P connection; S3: The data exchange control center issues a data usage control policy, and the nodes configure, parse, and execute the data usage control policy before performing P2P data exchange. S4. Use the national secret symmetric encryption algorithm to encrypt the transmitted data, and the data receiving node decrypts it using the negotiated decryption algorithm; S5. The data sending node signs the data, and the data receiving node verifies the integrity, meta information and security, and decides whether to receive the data based on the results; S6. Realize interoperability of different data formats and protocols through data format conversion, protocol adaptation and data mapping; S7. Both parties to the data exchange upload relevant information to the data exchange control center for evidence storage, and the data exchange control center monitors the entire process of data exchange.

[0009] Optionally, the step S1 involved includes: S1.1. In a P2P network, each node actively sends a specified discovery signal, which is propagated in the P2P network in a broadcast or multicast manner. The broadcast method sends the signal to all nodes in the network, and the multicast method sends the signal to a specified group of nodes. S1.2. After receiving the discovery signal, the remaining nodes in the P2P network respond according to the rules and protocols in the discovery signal and feedback their own existence information, including the node's IP address and port number, to the node that sent the discovery signal, thereby completing the node discovery process.

[0010] Optionally, the step S2 involved includes: S2.1. When a node discovers other nodes in the P2P network, it tries to establish a direct P2P connection with the other nodes. The P2P connection is based on the TCP / IP protocol. The nodes negotiate connection parameters by exchanging connection request and response messages. S2.2. Start the connection maintenance mechanism based on TCP / IP protocol: a1) After the P2P connection is established, the nodes periodically send heartbeat packets to indicate that the nodes are still active. If a node does not receive the heartbeat packet from the other node within the set time, it is considered that there is a problem with the connection; a2) When a connection interruption is detected, the node automatically tries to re-establish the P2P connection and sends a connection request again using the previously negotiated connection parameters and the other node's information until the connection is successfully restored; S2.3. Start the error detection and retransmission mechanism based on TCP / IP protocol: b1) During data transmission, nodes continuously check data packets through checksum and cyclic redundancy check methods to detect whether there are errors in the data packets; b2) Once an error is detected, the data sending node immediately reports the error information to the data receiving node, informing the data receiving node which data packet has a problem; b3) After receiving the error report, the data receiving node requests the data sending node to retransmit the erroneous data packet; after receiving the retransmission request, the data sending node retransmits the data packet until the data receiving node receives the data correctly.

[0011] Optionally, step S3 includes: S3.1. The data exchange control center sends the data usage control policy to the data sending node and the data receiving node according to the pre-set rules and requirements. The content of the data usage control policy covers multiple dimensions such as data viewing permissions, designated accessible users, designated time range of use, transport layer protocol type, and access method. S3.2, after receiving the data usage control policy, the data sending node and the data receiving node perform corresponding configuration and analysis, check the legality and validity of the data usage control policy, and convert the rules in the data usage control policy into locally executable instructions; S3.3, after the node completes the configuration and analysis of the data usage control policy, it executes the rules in the data usage control policy. After all the rules pass the check, P2P data exchange is performed between the data sending node and the data receiving node.

[0012] Optionally, step S4 includes: S4.1. The data sending node and the data receiving node will negotiate the specific parameters of the encryption key and encryption algorithm before communication; before data is sent, the data sending node uses the national secret symmetric encryption algorithm to encrypt the data to be transmitted; S4.2, the encrypted data is transmitted between the data sending node and the data receiving node through the P2P connection; S4.3. After receiving the encrypted data, the data receiving node uses the decryption algorithm and key agreed upon with the data sending node to decrypt the data. After the decryption is successful, the data receiving node can obtain the original and usable data.

[0013] Optionally, the step S5 involved includes: S5.1. Before data transmission, the data sending node will sign the data. In the signing process, a digital signature algorithm is used to generate a signature value in combination with the private key of the data sending node. The signature value is transmitted to the data receiving node together with the data. S5.2, after receiving the data, the data receiving node calculates the checksum or hash value of the data and compares it with the checksum or hash value provided by the data sending node to ensure that the data has not been tampered with during the transmission process; S5.3, the data receiving node checks whether the metadata of the data is consistent with the expectations, thereby determining whether the data meets the requirements; S5.4, the data receiving node checks whether the regulatory label of the data matches its own data usage control policy; S5.5. After the above steps S5.2-S5.4 are checked and passed, the data receiving node accepts the data and processes it according to its own business logic. Otherwise, the data receiving node refuses to receive the data and sends an error report to the data sending node, explaining the reason for the rejection.

[0014] Optionally, the step S6 involved includes: S6.1. When a data receiving node receives data in different formats, it uses a pre-configured data format conversion mechanism to convert the data into a locally recognizable format; S6.2, the data receiving node understands and processes data of different protocols through a protocol adapter, wherein the protocol adapter parses and converts data of different protocols so that it can be processed in the protocol environment of the local node; S6.3. The data receiving node maps the fields and attributes in different data sources to a unified data model by defining data mapping rules.

[0015] Optionally, step S7 includes: S7.1. During the data exchange process, both parties shall upload the data transmission status, data usage control policy execution status, data reception status and information of both parties to the data exchange control center; S7.2. The data exchange control center solidifies and stores the uploaded information received, and uses blockchain technology to record it on the chain, forming a complete and reliable chain of evidence for subsequent data audits and compliance inspections; S7.3. The data exchange control center monitors the entire process of P2P data exchange, including the connection status of nodes, data flow, frequency of data exchange and data type; through real-time monitoring by the data exchange control center, abnormal situations in the data exchange process can be discovered in time and corresponding measures can be taken to deal with them.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the P2P-based data exchange method of the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. The present invention can improve data interoperability while ensuring data transmission efficiency and security. By introducing data usage control strategies and transmission data encryption mechanisms, different network nodes can exchange data directly and securely, thereby improving data exchange efficiency and enhancing data privacy protection. 2. The present invention separates the control flow and data flow of the data exchange process, allowing data to be transmitted directly between network nodes, thereby solving the problems of slow data transmission and data privacy security in the process of data circulation and utilization, improving the efficiency of data exchange, enhancing data privacy protection, and ensuring data compliance; 3. The nodes of the present invention can quickly identify other nodes in the P2P network, thereby improving the discovery efficiency and reducing the discovery time and resource consumption; a direct P2P connection is established based on the TCP / IP protocol, so that data can be directly transmitted between nodes, avoiding the delay and bandwidth limitation caused by forwarding through an intermediate server, and improving the efficiency and speed of data transmission; 4. The present invention can detect the activity status of the node in time through the connection maintenance mechanism of regularly sending heartbeat packets. Once the connection is found to be interrupted, it can automatically try to re-establish the connection, thereby ensuring the stability and continuity of data transmission and reducing the interruption or loss of data transmission due to connection problems; the error detection and retransmission mechanism based on the TCP / IP protocol can detect errors in data transmission in time, and ensure the integrity and accuracy of data through retransmission, thereby effectively improving the reliability of data transmission and reducing the error rate of data transmission; 5. The data exchange control center of the present invention issues data usage control strategies to control data exchange from multiple dimensions, making data access and use safer, more standardized and controllable, meeting the diverse needs for data use in different scenarios, and improving the flexibility and adaptability of data exchange; the nodes configure, parse and execute the data usage control strategies to ensure that data exchange is carried out in compliance with regulations and requirements, preventing data abuse and illegal access, and ensuring data security and compliance; 6. The present invention uses the national secret symmetric encryption algorithm to encrypt the transmitted data. The data can only be decrypted by the negotiated decryption algorithm and key, which effectively prevents the data from being stolen or tampered with during the transmission process, and ensures the confidentiality and security of the data; the data sending node signs the data, and the data receiving node performs integrity, meta information and security verification, which further ensures the authenticity and integrity of the data and prevents the data from being maliciously attacked and destroyed during the transmission process; 7. The present invention can realize the interoperability of different data formats and protocols through data format conversion, protocol adaptation and data mapping methods, so that data of different types and sources can be exchanged and shared in the P2P network, expanding the application scope and value of data and improving the compatibility and versatility of the system; 8. In the present invention, both parties of data exchange upload relevant information to the data exchange control center for evidence storage, and use blockchain technology to form a complete and reliable chain of evidence, which provides strong support for subsequent data audits and compliance checks, helps to trace the source and usage of data, and ensures the traceability and transparency of data exchange; the data exchange control center monitors the entire process of P2P data exchange, can promptly discover abnormal situations that occur during the data exchange process, and take corresponding measures to deal with them, thereby ensuring the normal progress of data exchange and improving the stability and reliability of the system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Attached Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of a method flow of an embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] Attached Figure 2 It is a flowchart of the working process of an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] In order to make the technical solution, the technical problem solved and the technical effect of the present invention more clearly understood, the technical solution of the present invention is clearly and completely described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0020] Example: Refer to the attached Figure 1-2 This embodiment proposes a P2P-based data exchange method, which includes the following steps: S1. Use a broadcast or multicast mechanism to enable the node to identify other nodes in the P2P network. This process specifically includes: S1.1. In a P2P network, each node actively sends a specified discovery signal, which is propagated in the P2P network in a broadcast or multicast manner. The format of the discovery signal usually contains necessary information such as the node's identity and supported functions. The broadcast method sends the signal to all nodes in the network, while the multicast method sends the signal to a specified group of nodes. S1.2. After receiving the discovery signal, the remaining nodes in the P2P network respond according to the rules and protocols in the discovery signal and feedback their own existence information, including the node's IP address and port number, to the node that sent the discovery signal, thereby completing the node discovery process.

[0021] S2: After the node discovers the remaining nodes in the P2P network, it establishes a direct P2P connection so that data is transmitted directly between the two nodes that have established the P2P connection. This process specifically includes: S2.1. When a node finds other nodes in the P2P network, it tries to establish a direct P2P connection with the other nodes. The P2P connection is based on the TCP / IP protocol. The nodes negotiate connection parameters by exchanging connection request and response messages. Common connection parameters include transmission rate, maximum packet size, timeout, etc. S2.2. Start the connection maintenance mechanism based on TCP / IP protocol: a1) After the P2P connection is established, the nodes periodically send heartbeat packets to indicate that the nodes are still active. If a node does not receive the heartbeat packet from the other node within the set time, it is considered that there is a problem with the connection; a2) When a connection interruption is detected, the node automatically tries to re-establish the P2P connection and sends a connection request again using the previously negotiated connection parameters and the other node's information until the connection is successfully restored; S2.3. Start the error detection and retransmission mechanism based on TCP / IP protocol: b1) During data transmission, nodes (specifically data sending nodes and data receiving nodes) continuously check data packets through checksum and cyclic redundancy check methods to detect whether there are errors in the data packets; b2) Once an error is detected, the data sending node (also called the sender) immediately reports the error information to the data receiving node (also called the receiver), informing the data receiving node which data packet has a problem; b3) After receiving the error report, the data receiving node (receiver) requests the data sending node (sender) to retransmit the erroneous data packet; after receiving the retransmission request, the data sending node (sender) retransmits the data packet until the data receiving node (receiver) receives the data correctly.

[0022] S3. The data exchange control center issues data usage control policies. Nodes (specifically data sending nodes and data receiving nodes) configure, parse and execute data usage control policies before P2P data exchange. Data usage control policies are crucial to ensuring data security and compliance, and are closely related to subsequent data verification, evidence storage and other steps. This process specifically includes: S3.1. The data exchange control center sends the data usage control policy to the data sending node (sender) and the data receiving node (receiver) according to the pre-set rules and requirements. The content of the data usage control policy covers multiple dimensions such as data viewing permissions, designated accessible users, designated time range of use, transport layer protocol type, and access method. S3.2, after receiving the data usage control policy, the data sending node (sender) and the data receiving node (receiver) perform corresponding configuration and analysis, check the legality and validity of the data usage control policy, and convert the rules in the data usage control policy into locally executable instructions; S3.3. After the nodes (specifically the data sending nodes and the data receiving nodes) complete the configuration and analysis of the data usage control policy, they execute the rules in the data usage control policy. After all the rules pass the check, P2P data exchange is carried out between the data sending node (sender) and the data receiving node (receiver).

[0023] S4. Use the national secret symmetric encryption algorithm to encrypt the transmitted data, and the data receiving node (receiver) decrypts it using the negotiated decryption algorithm; the national secret symmetric encryption algorithm has advantages in security and compliance, and can effectively protect the privacy of data during transmission. This process specifically includes: S4.1. The data sending node (sender) and the data receiving node (receiver) will negotiate the encryption key and specific parameters of the encryption algorithm before communication; before sending data, the data sending node (sender) uses the national secret symmetric encryption algorithm to encrypt the data to be transmitted; S4.2, the encrypted data is transmitted between the data sending node (sender) and the data receiving node (receiver) through a P2P connection; S4.3. After receiving the encrypted data, the data receiving node (receiver) uses the decryption algorithm and key agreed upon with the data sending node (sender) to decrypt the data. After the decryption is successful, the data receiving node (receiver) can obtain the original and usable data.

[0024] S5. The data sending node (sender) signs the data, and the data receiving node (receiver) verifies the integrity, meta-information, and security, and decides whether to accept the data based on the results. This process specifically includes: S5.1. Before data transmission, the data sending node (sender) will sign the data. During the signing process, a digital signature algorithm, such as RSA, DSA, etc., is used to generate a signature value in combination with the private key of the data sending node (sender). The signature value is transmitted to the data receiving node (receiver) together with the data. S5.2. After receiving the data, the data receiving node (receiver) calculates the checksum or hash value of the data and compares it with the checksum or hash value provided by the data sending node (sender) to ensure that the data has not been tampered with during transmission; S5.3, the data receiving node (receiver) checks whether the metadata of the data is consistent with the expectations, thereby determining whether the data meets the requirements; S5.4, the data receiving node (receiver) checks whether the regulatory label of the data matches its own data usage control policy; S5.5. After the above steps S5.2-S5.4 are checked and passed, the data receiving node (receiver) accepts the data and processes it according to its own business logic. Otherwise, the data receiving node (receiver) refuses to receive the data and sends an error report to the data sending node (sender) to explain the reason for the rejection.

[0025] S6. Realize interoperability of different data formats and protocols through data format conversion, protocol adaptation and data mapping. This process specifically includes: S6.1. When a data receiving node (receiver) receives data in different formats, it uses a pre-configured data format conversion mechanism to convert the data into a locally recognizable format; S6.2, the data receiving node (receiver) understands and processes data of different protocols through a protocol adapter, wherein the protocol adapter parses and converts data of different protocols so that it can be processed in the protocol environment of the local node; S6.3. The data receiving node (receiver) maps the fields and attributes in different data sources to a unified data model by defining data mapping rules.

[0026] S7. Both parties of data exchange (i.e. sender and receiver) upload relevant information to the data exchange control center for evidence storage, and the data exchange control center monitors the entire process of data exchange. This process specifically includes: S7.1. During the data exchange process, both parties (i.e., the sender and the receiver) shall upload the data transmission status, data usage control policy execution status, data reception status, and information of both parties to the data exchange control center; S7.2. The data exchange control center solidifies and stores the uploaded information received, and uses blockchain technology to record it on the chain, forming a complete and reliable chain of evidence for subsequent data audits and compliance inspections; S7.3. The data exchange control center monitors the entire process of P2P data exchange, including the connection status of nodes (specifically data sending nodes and data receiving nodes), data flow, data exchange frequency and data type; through real-time monitoring by the data exchange control center, abnormal situations in the data exchange process can be discovered in time, and corresponding measures can be taken to deal with them.

[0027] It should be added that P2P is the abbreviation of "Peer-to-Peer", which is often translated into Chinese as "peer-to-peer network" or "point-to-point network". In this network architecture, each node (computer, device, etc.) has an equal status, there is no centralized server, and nodes can directly perform data transmission, resource sharing and other operations without the need for intermediate servers.

[0028] In summary, the P2P-based data exchange method of the present invention allows data to be transmitted directly between network nodes, thereby solving problems such as slow data transmission and data privacy security during data circulation and utilization, improving the efficiency of data exchange, enhancing data privacy protection, and ensuring data compliance.

[0029] The above specific examples are used to explain the principles and implementation methods of the present invention in detail. These examples are only used to help understand the core technical content of the present invention. Based on the above specific embodiments of the present invention, any improvements and modifications made by technicians in this technical field without departing from the principles of the present invention should fall within the scope of patent protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A P2P-based data exchange method, characterized in that: The steps include: S1. Use a broadcast or multicast-based mechanism to enable a node to identify other nodes in the P2P network; S2, after the node discovers the rest of the nodes in the P2P network, it establishes a direct P2P connection so that data is transmitted directly between the two nodes that have established the P2P connection; S3: The data exchange control center issues a data usage control policy, and the nodes configure, parse, and execute the data usage control policy before performing P2P data exchange. S4. Use the national secret symmetric encryption algorithm to encrypt the transmitted data, and the data receiving node decrypts it using the negotiated decryption algorithm; S5. The data sending node signs the data, and the data receiving node verifies the integrity, meta information and security, and decides whether to receive the data based on the results; S6. Realize interoperability of different data formats and protocols through data format conversion, protocol adaptation and data mapping; S7. Both parties to the data exchange upload relevant information to the data exchange control center for evidence storage, and the data exchange control center monitors the entire process of data exchange.

2. A P2P-based data exchange method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step S1 comprises: S1.

1. In a P2P network, each node actively sends a specified discovery signal, which is propagated in the P2P network in a broadcast or multicast manner. The broadcast method sends the signal to all nodes in the network, and the multicast method sends the signal to a specified group of nodes. S1.

2. After receiving the discovery signal, the remaining nodes in the P2P network respond according to the rules and protocols in the discovery signal and feedback their own existence information, including the node's IP address and port number, to the node that sent the discovery signal, thereby completing the node discovery process.

3. A P2P-based data exchange method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The step S2 comprises: S2.

1. When a node discovers other nodes in the P2P network, it tries to establish a direct P2P connection with the other nodes. The P2P connection is based on the TCP / IP protocol. The nodes negotiate connection parameters by exchanging connection request and response messages. S2.

2. Start the connection maintenance mechanism based on TCP / IP protocol: a1) After the P2P connection is established, the nodes periodically send heartbeat packets to indicate that the nodes are still active. If a node does not receive the heartbeat packet from the other node within the set time, it is considered that there is a problem with the connection; a2) When a connection interruption is detected, the node automatically tries to re-establish the P2P connection and sends a connection request again using the previously negotiated connection parameters and the other node's information until the connection is successfully restored; S2.

3. Start the error detection and retransmission mechanism based on TCP / IP protocol: b1) During data transmission, nodes continuously check data packets through checksum and cyclic redundancy check methods to detect whether there are errors in the data packets; b2) Once an error is detected, the data sending node immediately reports the error information to the data receiving node, informing the data receiving node which data packet has a problem; b3) After receiving the error report, the data receiving node requests the data sending node to retransmit the erroneous data packet; after receiving the retransmission request, the data sending node retransmits the data packet until the data receiving node receives the data correctly.

4. A P2P-based data exchange method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The step S3 comprises: S3.

1. The data exchange control center sends the data usage control policy to the data sending node and the data receiving node according to the pre-set rules and requirements. The content of the data usage control policy covers multiple dimensions such as data viewing permissions, designated accessible users, designated time range of use, transport layer protocol type, and access method. S3.2, after receiving the data usage control policy, the data sending node and the data receiving node perform corresponding configuration and analysis, check the legality and validity of the data usage control policy, and convert the rules in the data usage control policy into locally executable instructions; S3.3, after the node completes the configuration and analysis of the data usage control policy, it executes the rules in the data usage control policy. After all the rules pass the check, P2P data exchange is performed between the data sending node and the data receiving node.

5. A P2P-based data exchange method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The step S4 comprises: S4.

1. The data sending node and the data receiving node will negotiate the specific parameters of the encryption key and encryption algorithm before communication; before data is sent, the data sending node uses the national secret symmetric encryption algorithm to encrypt the data to be transmitted; S4.2, the encrypted data is transmitted between the data sending node and the data receiving node through the P2P connection; S4.

3. After receiving the encrypted data, the data receiving node uses the decryption algorithm and key agreed upon with the data sending node to decrypt the data. After the decryption is successful, the data receiving node can obtain the original and usable data.

6. A P2P-based data exchange method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The step S5 comprises: S5.

1. Before data transmission, the data sending node will sign the data. During the signing process, a digital signature algorithm is used to generate a signature value in combination with the private key of the data sending node. The signature value is transmitted to the data receiving node together with the data. S5.2, after receiving the data, the data receiving node calculates the checksum or hash value of the data and compares it with the checksum or hash value provided by the data sending node to ensure that the data has not been tampered with during the transmission process; S5.3, the data receiving node checks whether the metadata of the data is consistent with the expectations, thereby determining whether the data meets the requirements; S5.4, the data receiving node checks whether the regulatory label of the data matches its own data usage control policy; S5.

5. After the above steps S5.2-S5.4 are checked and passed, the data receiving node accepts the data and processes it according to its own business logic. Otherwise, the data receiving node refuses to receive the data and sends an error report to the data sending node, explaining the reason for the rejection.

7. A P2P-based data exchange method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The step S6 comprises: S6.

1. When a data receiving node receives data in different formats, it uses a pre-configured data format conversion mechanism to convert the data into a locally recognizable format; S6.2, the data receiving node understands and processes data of different protocols through a protocol adapter, wherein the protocol adapter parses and converts data of different protocols so that it can be processed in the protocol environment of the local node; S6.

3. The data receiving node maps the fields and attributes in different data sources to a unified data model by defining data mapping rules.

8. A P2P-based data exchange method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The step S7 comprises: S7.

1. During the data exchange process, both parties shall upload the data transmission status, data usage control policy execution status, data reception status and information of both parties to the data exchange control center; S7.

2. The data exchange control center solidifies and stores the uploaded information received, and uses blockchain technology to record it on the chain, forming a complete and reliable chain of evidence for subsequent data audits and compliance inspections; S7.

3. The data exchange control center monitors the entire process of P2P data exchange, including the connection status of nodes, data flow, frequency of data exchange and data type; through real-time monitoring by the data exchange control center, abnormal situations in the data exchange process can be discovered in time and corresponding measures can be taken to deal with them.

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