Radio network planning method based on DEM

Abstract

The invention relates to a radio network planning method based on a DEM, and belongs to the technical field of digital elevation model data and channel modeling. Key channel parameters such as a signal propagation path, a multipath effect, path loss and receiving power of a communication system are obtained by constructing a real three-dimensional terrain environment, based on a DEM model and a ray tracing algorithm and in combination with terrain data processing and a filling and digging technology according to parameters such as the position and configuration of a base station. According to simulation analysis and optimization, the method can be dynamically adjusted, signal blind areas and interference areas are effectively reduced, and the network coverage effect is remarkably improved. Compared with a traditional propagation model based on experience and statistics and based on manual field survey and planning, the problems of insufficient precision, low efficiency, poor adaptability and the like under complex terrains are solved, reliable support is provided for efficient deployment and optimization of a radio network, and the method has remarkable practical value.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a DEM-based radio network planning method, belonging to the technical field of digital elevation model (DEM) data and channel modeling. Background Art

[0002] DEM is a mathematical model used to describe the elevation of the surface terrain, usually obtained through laser radar, aerial photography or satellite mapping. In radio communications, the ups and downs of the terrain will have a significant impact on the propagation of signals. For example, mountains and jungles will cause signal attenuation, scattering, and reflection.

[0003] Wireless network communications often face challenges in complex terrain environments, such as mountainous areas and forests. Cut and fill analysis can help identify the ups and downs of the terrain to determine the best location for radio base stations and optimize antenna height adjustments. Cut and fill processing reflects the changes in terrain after construction, and the identification of cut areas can help avoid installing base stations in low-lying areas where signals are easily blocked. In cases where relay nodes are needed, cut and fill data is used to select the best location for relay nodes to ensure that the signal can be stably propagated to the target area.

[0004] However, traditional propagation models based on experience and statistics, as well as those based on manual field surveys and planning, have problems such as insufficient accuracy, low efficiency and poor adaptability in complex terrain. Therefore, how to accurately implement terrain modeling and optimization, effectively solve the problem of base station site selection, reduce signal interference and multipath effects, and improve planning decision-making efficiency are technical issues that need to be solved urgently. Summary of the invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a DEM-based radio network planning method, aiming to solve the technical problem that the traditional propagation model based on experience and statistics is difficult to ensure the accuracy, efficiency and adaptability of wireless network planning in complex terrain.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is: a wireless network planning method based on DEM, the specific steps are as follows:

[0007] S1: Obtain DEM data of the target area and perform preprocessing;

[0008] S2: terrain feature analysis and cut-fill analysis of the target area based on the preprocessed DEM data;

[0009] S3: Import terrain data into Wireless InSite to complete simulation environment modeling;

[0010] S4: According to the terrain characteristics and cut-fill analysis, the base station location and antenna parameters are set in Wireless InSite, channel modeling is completed, and propagation simulation is performed;

[0011] S5: Calculate key channel parameters under different terrain conditions;

[0012] S6: Based on key channel parameters, repeat the simulation and optimization process to correct and improve the radio network planning and design.

[0013] The S1 is specifically:

[0014] Obtaining DEM data of the target area from public geographic information resources or through remote sensing technology, wherein the DEM data includes terrain elevation information in the target area in the form of raster data;

[0015] Preprocess the acquired DEM data, including data cleaning, resolution adjustment and coordinate system calibration;

[0016] Interpolate the DEM data to fill in the missing terrain information.

[0017] The S2 is specifically:

[0018] Analyze the terrain characteristics of the target area based on DEM data to obtain key terrain features, including identifying elevation changes, slope aspects, and fill and cut areas;

[0019] The areas requiring filling or cutting are identified through fill and cut calculation analysis. The filling is to increase the terrain height, and the cutting is to reduce the terrain height.

[0020] The S3 is specifically:

[0021] Import terrain data into Wireless InSite as part of the simulation environment;

[0022] Wireless InSite is used to parse the terrain data, and the parsed terrain data is integrated into the calculation of the propagation path to complete the simulation environment modeling.

[0023] When performing signal propagation calculations, Wireless InSite integrates DEM data into the calculation of the propagation path. Specifically, it considers the impact of each ground height point on the signal path and simulates how the signal is affected by terrain undulations, such as refraction, reflection or diffraction of the signal. If there are high peaks on the signal propagation path, the signal will be blocked, or the signal will bypass the high ground and propagate, resulting in different signal attenuation.

[0024] The S4 is specifically:

[0025] According to the terrain characteristics and the results of the cut-fill analysis, the base station location and antenna parameters are set in Wireless InSite. The antenna type, height, and direction are selected. The antenna height in the fill area is increased to make the cut area unobstructed, thus completing the channel modeling.

[0026] The propagation model is used to simulate the signal propagation path in the terrain and complete the propagation simulation.

[0027] The S5 is specifically:

[0028] Wireless InSite is used to perform simulations and calculate key channel parameters of signals under different terrain conditions, including propagation path, multipath effect, path loss, and received power.

[0029] The S6 is specifically:

[0030] By analyzing the simulation results, the base station signal coverage and reception strength are evaluated, and potential coverage blind spots and signal weak areas are identified;

[0031] Based on the simulation and evaluation results, the base station locations and antenna parameters are iteratively optimized and adjusted to correct and improve the radio network planning and design.

[0032] The iterative optimization and adjustment are specifically as follows:

[0033] Each iteration is based on the simulation results of the previous round, gradually improving the network coverage and channel quality, and generating the final radio network planning plan, including base station layout and antenna configuration plan.

[0034] In each round of iteration, the location and number of base stations are adjusted based on the previous simulation data to optimize the improvement of coverage blind spots and weak signal areas;

[0035] Adjust the height, direction and type of the antenna to ensure that the antenna configuration adapts to complex terrain, especially in mountainous environments, where the antenna elevation angle needs to be adjusted according to the undulating terrain;

[0036] Evaluate the changes in key parameters of signal strength and path loss in each iteration. If the improvement of the key parameters is lower than a preset threshold, or when the signal coverage and quality have reached the expected target, the iteration process stops.

[0037] Generate an optimal radio network planning solution to ensure optimal wireless communication coverage and signal quality in the target area.

[0038] The beneficial effects of the present invention are embodied in:

[0039] In view of the problem of the influence of terrain on radio signal propagation, the radio network planning method based on DEM described in the present invention can significantly improve the planning accuracy, optimize signal coverage, reduce engineering costs and environmental impact, and improve planning efficiency and interdisciplinary collaboration capabilities by applying the filling and cutting technology in ArcGIS to radio network planning. These beneficial effects not only solve the challenges encountered by traditional network planning methods in complex terrain, but also provide strong support for the efficient deployment and sustainable development of radio networks. Under complex terrain and environmental conditions, the present invention can better meet the needs of communication networks, including optimization of communication coverage and transmission quality in mountainous areas, plains, forests and other areas. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0040] In order to explain the specific implementation method of the present invention or the technical solution of the prior art in more detail, the drawings required for use will be briefly introduced below.

[0041] Figure 1 It is an execution flow chart of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of terrain changes caused by cut-fill treatment;

[0043] Figure 3 It is the signal strength distribution diagram before and after the cut-fill processing;

[0044] Figure 4 It is a comparative analysis diagram of the received power at different base station heights before and after the cut and fill process;

[0045] Figure 5 It is a comparative analysis diagram of the received power of different base stations before and after the cut-fill process;

[0046] Figure 6 This is a comparative analysis of the antenna type of the base station on the received power before and after the cut and fill process;

[0047] Figure 7 It is the impact of terrain changes before and after filling and cutting on the path loss of the three base stations. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0048] The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.

[0049] Example 1: Figure 1 Shown is a flow chart of a DEM-based radio network planning method of the present invention.

[0050] This embodiment uses ArcGIS software to process terrain DEM data, including ArcMap main application programs. ArcMap undertakes the task of DEM data processing, including identifying key terrain features such as elevation changes and cut-and-fill areas. This embodiment uses Wireless Insite software to simulate wireless network communications. Wireless Insite undertakes the task of calculating received power and path loss. The method of the present invention is not limited to the use of the above software. The present invention focuses on the overall concept of the method. As long as the software used can achieve the functions of the method, it can replace the ArcGIS and Wireless Insite software.

[0051] S1: Obtain DEM data of the target area and perform preprocessing;

[0052] Specifically, DEM data of the target area is obtained from public geographic information resources or through remote sensing technology, wherein the DEM data includes terrain elevation information in the target area in the form of raster data;

[0053] Preprocess the acquired DEM data, including data cleaning, resolution adjustment and coordinate system calibration, to ensure the accuracy and consistency of DEM data;

[0054] The DEM data is interpolated to fill in the missing terrain information and improve the resolution.

[0055] The specific steps of interpolation processing include: first, determine the target resolution that needs to be interpolated, and select an appropriate interpolation method according to actual needs, such as bilinear interpolation, spline interpolation, or Kriging interpolation; then, for areas with missing data or low resolution, use the selected interpolation method to calculate the surrounding known points and infer the elevation value of the missing area; finally, after interpolation processing, generate higher resolution DEM data.

[0056] Furthermore, log in to the geospatial data cloud platform to download DEM data, set the data set to GDEMV330M resolution digital elevation data, zoom the target range to the required specific area, set the spatial position to map selection, and select the required terrain through a rectangular box to obtain .tif format digital elevation data.

[0057] ArcGIS software is used to segment the .tif file into the required map size. The segmented terrain is preprocessed, including noise removal, resolution adjustment, and interpolation processing as needed to improve the accuracy of the terrain model.

[0058] S2: terrain feature analysis and cut-fill analysis of the target area based on the preprocessed DEM data;

[0059] Specifically, terrain characteristics of the target area are analyzed based on DEM data to obtain key terrain features, including identification of elevation changes, slope aspects, and cut-fill areas;

[0060] The areas requiring filling or cutting are identified through fill and cut calculation analysis. The filling is to increase the terrain height, and the cutting is to reduce the terrain height.

[0061] Furthermore, ArcGIS was used to analyze terrain features and identify highlands, valleys, and steep slopes in the mountainous area. The analysis results showed that there were multiple highlands in the mountainous area that were suitable as potential base station sites.

[0062] Further analysis of the terrain changes after the fill and cut treatment, the fill and cut treatment reflects the terrain changes after construction. The fill and cut calculation results are used to adjust the terrain model to adapt to the actual terrain conditions after construction. The fill and cut analysis results are superimposed on the DEM elevation map, and the fill and cut areas are marked. The colors are red for the fill area and blue for the cut area. Figure 2 shown.

[0063] S3: Import terrain data into Wireless InSite to complete simulation environment modeling;

[0064] Specifically, the processed DEM data and cut-fill results are exported, and the exported files are then imported into the Wireless InSite software as part of the simulation environment.

[0065] S4: According to the terrain characteristics and cut-fill analysis, the base station location and antenna parameters are set in Wireless InSite, channel modeling is completed, and propagation simulation is performed;

[0066] Specifically, according to the terrain characteristics and the results of the fill and cut analysis, the base station location and antenna parameters are set in Wireless InSite, and the antenna type, height and direction are selected. To reduce the impact of reflection, diffraction and scattering of radio signals in the fill and cut areas on the channel characteristics, the antenna height in the fill area can be increased to make the cut area unobstructed, so as to optimize the signal coverage and quality and complete the channel modeling.

[0067] The propagation model is used to simulate the signal propagation path in the terrain and complete the propagation simulation.

[0068] Furthermore, in Wireless InSite, multiple candidate base station locations are set in high ground and filled areas based on the terrain analysis results. Figures 3 to 7 The influence of different factors on signal propagation before and after the cut and fill process is demonstrated, and a comparative analysis is conducted from the perspectives of base station height, number, antenna type and path loss.

[0069] S5: Calculate key channel parameters under different terrain conditions;

[0070] Specifically, Wireless InSite is used for simulation to calculate key channel parameters of signals under different terrain conditions, including propagation path, multipath effect, path loss, and received power.

[0071] Path loss L Path The calculation formula for (dB) is:

[0072] L Path (dB) = P T (dBm)-P R (dBm)+G T,Max (dBi)+G R,Max (sBi)-L S (dB)

[0073] Among them, P T is the time-averaged radiated power, P R represents the power received from the base station, G T,Max Indicates the maximum gain of the transmitting antenna, G R,Max Indicates the maximum gain of the receiving antenna, L S Represents the sum of all other losses in the communication system.

[0074] The total power P from multiple base stations to a single receiver Tot The calculation formula is:

[0075]

[0076] Among them, V i is the total complex voltage generated by the i-th transmitter at the receiving antenna feed point, Z L is the impedance of the transmission line connecting the receiving antenna. If P Tot ≤1×10 -25 mW, the result is written as -250dBm.

[0077] Figure 3 The signal strength distribution under two terrains is shown. (a) is the signal strength distribution map of the original terrain, and (b) is the signal strength distribution map after the cut and fill processing. The red area indicates the strongest signal, and the blue area indicates the weakest signal. Wireless InSite can be used to generate the above heat map to evaluate the coverage effect. The green cubes in the figure represent base stations. Base stations on high ground can provide wide coverage, while there are still some signal blind spots in low-lying areas. According to the simulation analysis results, the height and number of base stations and antenna parameters are optimized and adjusted. The optimization suggestions are fed back to ArcGIS for further adjustment of the cut and fill data or terrain model.

[0078] Figure 4 The total power variation of the base station (TX) at each receiver under different base station heights (20m, 30m, 40m) under original terrain and cut-and-fill terrain conditions is shown. In general, as the base station height increases, the total power of some receivers also increases. The power variation trend under cut-and-fill terrain is similar to that under original terrain, but the specific values ​​are different, and many receivers fail to receive signals under cut-and-fill terrain.

[0079] Figure 5 The total power changes at each receiving point for different numbers of base stations (3 and 4 TX) under original terrain and cut-and-fill terrain conditions are shown. The results show that under original terrain, increasing the number of base stations can enable receivers that originally did not receive signals to start receiving signals; while under cut-and-fill terrain, although many receivers still have no signals when using 3 TXs, when the number of base stations is increased to 4, the signals of some receivers are improved, and the signals of some receivers are still not fully restored. This shows that terrain has a significant impact on signal transmission.

[0080] Figure 6 The total power changes of each receiving point when using different types of antennas (half-wave dipole antenna and directional antenna) under original terrain and cut-and-fill terrain conditions are shown. The results show that in original terrain, whether using half-wave dipole antenna or directional antenna, the receiver signal reception is better than that in cut-and-fill terrain; in cut-and-fill terrain, when using directional antenna, many receivers have no signal or very weak signal; but when using half-wave dipole antenna, the signal of some receivers is improved. Although the signal of some receivers is still not fully restored, the overall signal strength has been improved. This shows that terrain has a significant impact on signal transmission, and half-wave dipole antenna performs better than directional antenna in cut-and-fill terrain.

[0081] Figure 7 The path loss changes of different base stations (TX1, TX2, TX3) at various receiving points under original terrain and cut-and-fill terrain conditions are shown. The results show that under original terrain, the path loss of all base stations is 250dB; while under cut-and-fill terrain, the path loss increases significantly, resulting in a decrease in the signal quality of more receivers, and even some receivers have no signal at all, indicating that the cut-and-fill terrain has a negative impact on signal transmission.

[0082] S6: Based on key channel parameters, repeat the simulation and optimization process to correct and improve the radio network planning and design.

[0083] After the initial adjustments were made, multiple simulations were performed to gradually optimize the base station locations and cut-and-fill designs. After each simulation, the antenna height, direction, and tilt were further adjusted based on the results. After multiple iterations, the final radio network planning solution was determined, which included base station layouts set up in highland and fill areas, optimized antenna configurations, and cut-and-fill designs that improved signal coverage.

[0084] The above embodiments illustrate the present invention in detail, and are not limited to the above examples of the present invention. People familiar with the field may make changes according to specific simulation scenarios and parameters, which also fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A radio network planning method based on DEM, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: S1: Obtain DEM data of the target area and perform preprocessing; S2: terrain feature analysis and cut-fill analysis of the target area based on the preprocessed DEM data; S3: Import terrain data into Wireless InSite to complete simulation environment modeling; S4: According to the terrain characteristics and cut-fill analysis, the base station location and antenna parameters are set in Wireless InSite, channel modeling is completed, and propagation simulation is performed; S5: Calculate key channel parameters under different terrain conditions; S6: Based on key channel parameters, repeat the simulation and optimization process to correct and improve the radio network planning and design.

2. The radio network planning method based on DEM according to claim 1, characterized in that: The S1 is specifically: Obtaining DEM data of the target area from public geographic information resources or through remote sensing technology, wherein the DEM data includes terrain elevation information in the target area in the form of raster data; Preprocess the acquired DEM data, including data cleaning, resolution adjustment and coordinate system calibration; Interpolate the DEM data to fill in the missing terrain information.

3. The DEM-based radio network planning method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The S2 is specifically: Analyze the terrain characteristics of the target area based on DEM data to obtain key terrain features, including identifying elevation changes, slope aspects, and fill and cut areas; The areas requiring filling or cutting are identified through fill and cut calculation analysis. The filling is to increase the terrain height, and the cutting is to reduce the terrain height.

4. The radio network planning method based on DEM according to claim 1, characterized in that: The S3 is specifically: Import terrain data into Wireless InSite as part of the simulation environment; Wireless InSite is used to parse the terrain data, and the parsed terrain data is integrated into the calculation of the propagation path to complete the simulation environment modeling.

5. The DEM-based radio network planning method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The S4 is specifically: According to the terrain characteristics and the results of the cut-fill analysis, the base station location and antenna parameters are set in Wireless InSite. The antenna type, height, and direction are selected. The antenna height in the fill area is increased to make the cut area unobstructed, and the channel modeling is completed. The propagation model is used to simulate the signal propagation path in the terrain and complete the propagation simulation.

6. The DEM-based radio network planning method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The S5 is specifically: Wireless InSite is used to perform simulations and calculate key channel parameters of signals under different terrain conditions, including propagation path, multipath effect, path loss, and received power.

7. The DEM-based radio network planning method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The S6 is specifically: By analyzing the simulation results, the base station signal coverage and reception strength are evaluated, and potential coverage blind spots and signal weak areas are identified; Based on the simulation and evaluation results, the base station locations and antenna parameters are iteratively optimized and adjusted to correct and improve the radio network planning and design.

8. The DEM-based radio network planning method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The iterative optimization and adjustment are specifically as follows: In each iteration, the location and number of base stations are adjusted according to the previous simulation data to optimize coverage blind spots and weak signal areas; Adjust the height, direction and type of the antenna to adapt the antenna configuration to complex terrain; Evaluate the changes in key parameters of signal strength and path loss in each iteration. If the improvement of the key parameters is lower than a preset threshold, or when the signal coverage and quality have reached the expected target, the iteration process stops. Generate an optimal radio network planning solution to achieve optimal wireless communication coverage and signal quality in the target area.

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