Circulating lens surface with extended depth of focus

Abstract

A lens body, such as an intraocular lens, is configured to be implanted in an eye. The outer surface of the lens includes a combined cycle surface, wherein the combined cycle surface has a first portion that is periodically optimized at a first focal length, a second portion that is periodically optimized at a second focal length, and a third portion that periodically connects the first portion and the second portion. The third portion may be defined by a periodic function that varies in amplitude and frequency.

Description

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0002] This application claims priority to U.S. patent applications No. 63 / 390,213 (filed on July 18, 2022) and No. 63 / 402,809 (filed on August 31, 2022) entitled “CYCLIC LENS SURFACEWITH EXTENDED DEPTH OF FOCUS,” the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety. Background Art

[0003] Conventional optical lens solutions for extending the depth of focus while eliminating common drawbacks include diffractive and refractive multifocal lenses with discrete regions. Other conventional solutions include aspheric lenses and small aperture (e.g., pinhole) lenses whose power distribution varies with lens radius. For aspheric lens shapes, the degree to which the power varies with radius is set by varying the conic constant K and the nth order aspheric coefficient terms.

[0004] There are disadvantages to such technology. For example, for an intraocular lens (IOL), the placement of discrete zones is sensitive to pupil size. If a particular focal power zone is exposed by a dilated pupil or covered by a contracted pupil, it will drastically change the resulting focal power of the IOL. In another example, a multi-zone configuration by definition introduces undesirable visual artifacts such as halos. For an object at a given distance, one zone may be in excellent or good focus, while other zones may be in slightly imperfect focus. This introduces multiple images and halos around the primary object. In addition, with a smaller number of zones, halos become more noticeable and clear. In addition, limited aperture IOLs have suboptimal low contrast resolution due to limited light focusing capabilities and a relatively dark image projected onto the retina.

[0005] What is needed is a lens configuration that mitigates or eliminates the above-mentioned disadvantages. Summary of the invention

[0006] A lens, for example, an intraocular lens, is disclosed that is configured to continuously vary in focal length. The lens has a shape with an outer front surface and / or a back surface defined by a combination of at least one baseline lens shape, wherein the shape is combined with a shape defined by a periodic function, wherein the periodic function can be modulated in amplitude and period. This results in a lens having a shape that has a continuously variable focal power that moves along the lens surface (e.g., radially outward relative to the optical axis). The baseline lens shape can vary and can be, for example, spherical, aspherical, or any other suitable lens definition. In another embodiment, the lens is not defined by a baseline shape, but is initially defined by one or more slope curves (i.e., the slope of curvature of the outer surface of the lens), which define, for example, a desired or optimal focal power level of the lens in a customized manner. The (one or more) slope curves may be connected by one or more additional slope curves defined by periodic functions, piecewise functions, and arbitrary functions, or by any function where the transition of the slope curve from one position to another is arbitrary or predefined. The slope curves are then mathematically integrated to define the curvature of the outer surface of the lens.

[0007] In the case of an IOL, in a non-limiting embodiment, the lens is shaped to provide the lens with an optimal lens power for a first vision (e.g., hyperopia) and a second lens power for a second vision (e.g., myopia). The lens can also be configured with a power for a variety of visual lengths other than hyperopia and myopia. The radius of curvature of the outer lens surface shape for the two optimal lens powers is necessarily different, wherein the radius of curvature of the hyperopia lens is greater than the radius of curvature of the myopia lens. By extension, the slope (e.g., first-order derivative) of the curve of the hyperopia lens increases more gradually when moving away from the central optical axis than the slope of the curve of the myopia lens. In one aspect of the present disclosure, a periodic surface wave that limits the slope / radius of curvature variation of the lens provides the lens with a curvature that repeatedly changes from a distance-optimized curvature to a near-optimized curvature over the radius of the lens. On the other hand, the variation in the slope / radius of curvature is periodic and irregular or random.

[0008] The type of lens that employs the features disclosed herein can vary. The lens can be any lens that utilizes a cyclic surface to enhance depth of focus and reduce undesirable aberrations. In a non-limiting example, the lens comprises an IOL. In another non-limiting example, the lens comprises an endoscope having a fixed lens system.

[0009] The details of one or more variations of the subject matter described herein are set forth in the accompanying drawings and the description below. Other features and advantages of the subject matter described herein will be apparent from the description and drawings, and from the claims. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0010] Figure 1A graph showing various radii of curvature of a lens optimized at different distances is shown.

[0011] Figure 2 A graph showing the slope of curvature of a lens optimized at different distances as a function of distance r from the optical axis of the lens is shown.

[0012] Figure 3 The slope of the combined outer surface lens function S'(r) defining the combined outer lens surface is shown.

[0013] Figure 4 and 4A An example representation of a combined cyclic surface defined by the combined lens function S'(r) is shown respectively.

[0014] Figure 4B A graphical representation of the variation of the surface with radius is shown.

[0015] Figure 5 A graphical representation of a first line of curvature slope of a hyperopic baseline profile and a second line of curvature slope of a hyperopic baseline profile as a function of radial distance of the lens from an optical axis is shown.

[0016] Figure 6 A periodic function defining the slope of the transition between transition points on the outer surface of the lens is shown.

[0017] Fig. 7A A histogram of the curvature slope value over the entire lens is shown, where the horizontal axis is the slope value and the vertical axis is the occurrence amount.

[0018] Figure 7B Another histogram representing the curvature of the outer surface of the lens is shown.

[0019] Figures 8A-8C Non-limiting examples of lenses including IOLs are shown.

[0020] Fig. 9 A block diagram illustrating an example of a computing system consistent with implementations of the current subject matter is depicted. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] Before further describing the present subject matter, it should be understood that the subject matter described herein is not limited to the specific embodiments described, as these embodiments may of course vary. It should also be understood that the terms used herein are only used to describe specific embodiments and are not intended to be limiting. Unless otherwise defined, all technical terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which the subject matter belongs.

[0022] A lens is disclosed whose outer surface (sometimes referred to as a "combined surface, combined cyclic surface, or combined outer surface") is defined by one or more baseline lens surface shapes combined with a surface shape defined by a function, such as a periodic function (e.g., a sine function) that can be modulated in amplitude and period. In another embodiment, the function is a chirp function, a logarithmically varying function, a piecewise function, or a random variation. As described above, the base shape can vary and can be, for example, a spherical baseline surface, an aspheric surface, a combination thereof, or any surface described by another mathematical function. The periodic function can also vary. For example, the periodic function can be a simple modulated periodic function, such as a sine function or a cosine function. In another example, the periodic function is an arbitrarily complex periodic function consisting of an arbitrarily large number of sine and cosine terms. The additional flexibility in the periodic function allows full control over all shape parameters of the period (rise and falloff steepness, dwell at extrema, variation in amplitude and period, etc.). The combined outer surface can be the front surface of the lens, the back surface of the lens, a portion of the front surface, and / or a portion of the back surface. For example, the combined outer surface can be a region of the anterior surface (or posterior surface) that occupies a portion of the surface moving radially outward from the optical axis. In addition, lenses can be made with no base shape at all, where the modulation of the slopes of the high and low power boundary condition curves fully defines the resulting periodic shape. A base line shape is not required, as the shape is defined by integrating the slope curve, and the slope curve is constructed by bouncing back and forth between the high and low power curves. In addition, any number of intermediate level power curves can be included.

[0023] The function can define the front and / or rear combined surface of the lens. The combined surface is a surface defined by at least one base shape (e.g., spherical, aspherical, or any other appropriate lens definition) and further defined by a predetermined function so that the outer surface transitions periodically between the base shape and the surface defined by the function. For example, the lens can be a front combined surface with a rear spherical or aspherical surface. Or a rear combined surface with a front spherical or aspherical surface. In another example, the combined surface is located on the rear and front sides of the lens. In the example of an IOL, the IOL can include a conical lens (spherical or aspherical) in the central portion of the IOL, with a combined surface in the radially outer portion of the lens. Another embodiment uses a combined surface lens with a diffraction or refractive area emphasized for a specific focal power.

[0024] In an embodiment, the lens has a cyclic combined outer surface, which can be all or part of the back surface and / or the front surface. The cyclic outer surface has a first portion periodically defined by a basic shape optimized at a first focal length, a second portion periodically defined by a basic shape optimized at a second focal length, and a third portion periodically connecting the first and second portions, the third portion being directly or indirectly defined by a function such as a periodic function. Thus, moving radially outward from the optical axis of the lens, the lens outer surface oscillates periodically or cyclically between the first portion, the second portion, and the third portion, wherein the third portion periodically connects the first portion and the second portion. The cyclic outer lens surface may be further defined by a basic shape optimized at a third focal length between the first focal length and the second focal length. The lens body (e.g., an intraocular lens) may be configured to be implanted in an eye. The outer surface of the lens includes a combined cyclic surface, wherein the combined cyclic surface has at least a first portion periodically optimized at a first focal length, a second portion periodically optimized at a second focal length, and a third portion periodically connecting the first portion and the second portion. The third portion may be defined by a periodic function or any other function that varies in amplitude and frequency. Or the third portion may be arbitrary or customized.

[0025] In another embodiment, the lens is not defined by a baseline shape, but is defined in a custom manner by providing one or more slope curves that define the slope of curvature of at least a portion of the lens surface. The curvature slope can be based at least in part on the desired power distribution of the lens at one or more locations of the lens. For example, a lens designer may desire a lens that has a desired power distribution at one or more locations and a different power distribution at one or more other locations. The designer can specify (one or more) such power distributions based on the slope values ​​or slope curves of such power distributions, and then connect such slope values / curves with predefined additional slope curves (e.g., by periodic functions, arbitrary functions, piecewise functions, or randomly defined connections). This can result in a predefined or arbitrary number of lens slope definitions. The resulting combined slope curve is then integrated to provide the curvature of at least a portion of the outer surface of the lens.

[0026] An IOL having features disclosed herein is configured to change power continuously, rather than discretely moving along the surface of the lens, such as moving radially outward from the optical axis of the lens or moving in any other manner. This results in less caustic formation on the image projected on the retina and generally more efficient mixing of the power profile. The lens also allows for an arbitrary number of cycles constrained only by manufacturing limitations. This flexibility allows for extremely smooth lens power profiles.

[0027] In an embodiment, the lens includes multiple periodic structures, such as structural waves, on its front and / or rear surfaces, where the outer surface of each wave contains or defines all distance focal powers of the lens. That is, each periodic structure contains all lens focal powers in the system from high lens focal powers to low lens focal powers. Light transmitted through a small portion of the lens is still affected by the full focal power range. The lens also allows for arbitrary focal power bandwidth. By changing the amplitude of a function (e.g., a periodic function), the lowest and highest focal powers in the system can be manipulated. The lens can also reduce the generation of halos. The lens includes many periodic structures, each periodic structure containing all possible focal powers in the system. This greatly enhances the overall mixing, thereby significantly reducing or eliminating halos.

[0028] In the case of an IOL, changes in pupil diameter do not result in significant changes in lens performance when the lens is implanted in the eye. In a typical zone-based multifocal lens, the obscuration of the iris takes that obscured portion of the system out of the optical path. This results in certain magnifications (i.e., powers) being disabled or over-emphasized as the iris contracts or dilates. This is eliminated in a lens having the disclosed features because each periodic structure of the lens contains all of the powers of the lens, so performance will remain consistent regardless of iris dilation.

[0029] The lens can be made using conventional manufacturing techniques (e.g., lathes with diamond cutting tools or injection molding). This technology is different from meta-lens technology or other technologies that require nanoscale (e.g., 1-100nm) features. Such technologies require more unique manufacturing techniques.

[0030] As described above, the disclosed lens has an outer surface (which may be the front surface and / or the back surface of the lens, and is referred to as a combined outer surface) defined by at least one base shape (which may be, for example, spherical, aspherical, or any other suitable lens definition) combined with a shape defined by a function (e.g., a periodic function) modulated in amplitude and period. The resulting shape enables a continuously variable focus of the lens. The following discussion provides a description of the relevant mathematics and geometry.

[0031] A mathematical description of at least one basis shape of the outer surface of the lens can be described, where:

[0032] R = Baseline radius of curvature of the lens outer surface

[0033] R = radial distance from the optical axis of the lens; and

[0034] G(r) = Function that defines the lens surface from the base shape. This function can vary and can be, for example, spherical, aspherical, any suitable surface function (polynomial, etc.).

[0035] Example spherical lens profiles (or base shapes) as a function of r for spherical and aspherical lens profiles are shown below:

[0036] Example spherical lens profile as a function of r

[0037]

[0038] Example Aspheric Lens Profile as a Function of r

[0039]

[0040] The first derivative of the function defining the lens surface (G'(r)) is obtained.

[0041] G'(r) = is the first derivative of the function defining the lens surface. In other words, G(r) is the slope of the lens outer surface at a given position as a function of r.

[0042] H(r) = a function (e.g., a periodic function) that defines the outer lens surface and allows control of the amplitude and period (including the relative slope of each period in the function). According to Fourier's theorem, any reasonably continuous periodic function can be expressed as the sum of a series of sine and cosine terms. This means that any periodic function can be expressed as a combination of sine and cosine terms. As described below, the function can also be a chirp function, a nonlinear chirp function (e.g., a logarithmic varying function), a piecewise function, or a randomly varying function.

[0043] Representative examples are shown below, where:

[0044] Amplitude constant = a term that changes the amplitude of the periodic function (in this case, the amplitude changes proportionally to the distance r from the optical axis of the lens); and

[0045] Frequency constant = a term that changes the period of a function. A larger frequency constant increases the frequency of a periodic function and results in more periods in combination with the underlying base shape profile described above.

[0046]

[0047] in,

[0048] H'(r) = the first derivative of a suitable periodic function as described above. In other words, H'(r) is the slope of the periodic function defined above for a portion of the lens surface; and

[0049] S(r) = G(r) + H(r) is a function that combines the base shape of the lens surface defined above with the function defined above to achieve a combined outer surface shape. The combination G(r) + H(r) can be a sum or convolution or any combination of the above functions that combines the periodicity and amplitude of H(r) with the underlying (baseline) lens shape of G(r). The effect is to combine a periodic surface with the underlying lens surface (baseline shape). An example function S(r) is shown below:

[0050]

[0051] S′(r) = the first derivative of the function combining the lens surface function G(r) with the periodic function H(r), where S′(r) defines the slope of the outer combined lens surface as a function of r (radial distance from the lens optical axis).

[0052] Figure 1 A schematic diagram is shown, in which G1(r) represents a spherical lens surface with a relatively large radius of curvature. In the case of an IOL, the radius of curvature of G1(r) is optimized for hyperopia. G2(r) represents a spherical lens surface with a relatively small radius of curvature (relative to G1), for example, optimized for myopia. One or more additional curvatures between hyperopia and myopia can also be used. In the case of an IOL, the smaller radius is optimized for myopia. Ideally, the lens can combine the optimized properties of both lenses. As described above, conventional methods typically involve multiple focal zones or diffraction zones, each of which is optimized for a specific focal power or focal length. In a non-limiting example, a small radius corresponds to high focal power and myopia and can be about 17 mm, and a large radius corresponds to low focal power and hyperopia and can be about 24 mm. In another non-limiting example, hyperopia means 4000 mm (according to a standard eye chart distance) or infinity, or any distance between the two, and myopia means 400 mm (according to a standard eye chart distance) or closer.

[0053] Figure 2 Graphs of the slope 205 of G1 and the slope 210 of G2 are shown as a function of distance r from the optical axis of the lens. Figure 2 It is shown that both curves have a flat (ie, 0) slope at the optical axis, and the slopes of both curves become increasingly steeper as one moves further away from the optical axis. Figure 2 It is also shown that because G1 and G2 have different underlying radii of curvature, their slopes diverge as one moves further away from the optical axis. The slope divergence is proportional to the difference in optical power between the two lenses, where the steeper the slope, the higher the power.

[0054] Figure 3The slope of the combined outer surface lens function S′(r) defining the combined outer lens surface is shown, which is the slope of the combined surface function G(r) and the function H(r). The slope varies periodically according to the amplitude and periodicity of the periodic function. The periodic function is selected so that the peak and valley amplitudes vary relative to the slopes of the high and low power lens profiles G1 and G2. The slope curves of the high power lens profile and the low power lens profile define the outer range of the amplitude of the periodic function. In this case, the maximum value of the slope of the periodic profile is equal to the slope of the highest slope lens surface, and the minimum value of the slope of the periodic function is equal to the slope of the lower slope lens surface. In an embodiment, the amplitude of the periodic function becomes larger (i.e., increases) as the radial distance from the optical axis increases. In this case, the amplitude matches the divergence amplitude between the slopes of the two lens surfaces.

[0055] Figure 4 An example representation of a combined cyclic surface defined by a combined lens function S′(r) is shown. The underlying spherical shape is apparent, as is the varying periodic surface structural features as a result of the added functions. The surface structural features cause the high and low powers to be evenly distributed across the lens surface (or any distribution of high and low powers defined by the combined lens function S′(r)). Furthermore, each periodic feature contains each lens power in the system from high to low, so the power distribution is much more uniform than in a multi-focal zone lens. Note that the combined cyclic surface has a series of periodic annular waveforms defined by the periodic functions.

[0056] In an embodiment, the recirculating surface phases out of the lens at a specific region or location of the lens. Figure 4A As shown, there is a recirculating surface 405 on the lens. The recirculating surface 405 exists at a specific radius (or position) on the lens to the lens, at which point the recirculating surface decreases to zero amplitude at a specific radial distance to form a non-recirculating surface 410. Beyond this radial distance, the lens surface can be defined by different functions, such as spherical, aspherical, and / or other non-recirculating lens definitions. Figure 4B A graphical representation of the outer lens surface as a function of radius is shown. The surface transitions from a combined recirculating surface at location 420 to a non-recirculating surface 410.

[0057] In another embodiment, the central region of the lens portion is defined by a non-circular surface, such as a spherical, aspherical, and / or other non-circular lens definition. At a specific radial position of the lens, the lens transitions to a combined circular surface that rises from zero amplitude over a specified radial distance.

[0058] In yet another embodiment, the combined recirculating surface is directly or indirectly surrounded by two non-recirculating surfaces (eg, spherical, aspherical, and / or other non-recirculating lens definitions). Additionally, a lens may include a non-recirculating surface surrounded by two combined recirculating surfaces.

[0059] The transition between a cyclic surface and a non-cyclic surface can be characterized as a transition such as a rise or fall. The rise or fall configuration can be achieved by applying, for example, a trigonometric function or any function that linearly or non-linearly scales the cyclic amplitude up or down over a specified radial distance.

[0060] If present, non-recirculating lens surfaces can be configured as desired to achieve a specific power that emphasizes a specific object distance (myopia, near vision, or intermediate vision).

[0061] According to an example method, a shape of a baseline lens surface is defined, including a curvature of a far lens base shape (referred to as the far curvature). A curvature of a near lens base shape (referred to as the near curvature) is also defined to achieve G(r) for far and near. As previously described, additional curvatures may be defined for distances between far and near vision. For each of the near and far curvatures (or other distances), the slope of such curvature over the entire lens surface or a portion thereof is calculated by taking the first derivative of G(r). Such a slope may be graphically represented as a function of radial distance from the optical axis of the lens, as Figure 2 As shown, where the X-axis is the radial distance from the optical axis and the Y-axis is the slope of the curvature. Note that the slopes diverge from each other as you move away from the optical axis.

[0062] As described above, in another embodiment, the baseline lens surface shape is not predefined. The user defines one or more slope values ​​or slope curves for the lens surface, wherein the slope values / curves are each associated with a desired power profile. The user may further define one or more functions to transition between the slope values / curves to achieve a combined slope curve defining the slope of the lens surface. The lens surface is then defined using mathematical integration. Thus, the method may include defining a first slope curve for at least a portion of the lens surface, the first slope curve being associated with a lens power optimized at a first distance; defining a second slope curve for at least another portion of the lens surface, the second slope curve being associated with a lens power optimized at a second distance; defining at least a third slope curve connecting the first and second slope curves; combining the first slope curve, the second slope curve, and the third slope curve to obtain a combined slope curve; and integrating the combined slope curve to obtain a definition of the curvature of the lens surface.

[0063] In a next step, two (or more) slope curves or lines are interconnected or otherwise merged using a periodic function, where the function may vary. In an embodiment, the function is a smooth periodic function, such as a sine function, which smoothly changes the slope of curvature between the near curvature and the far curvature. This provides an overall smooth blend of focal power between the near slope and the far slope. Thus, the focal power is smoothly contained between farsightedness and nearsightedness. In another embodiment, the function is an irregular function, such as a chirp function, where the frequency continuously increases (upward chirp) or decreases (downward chirp). In yet another embodiment, the irregular function is modified or changed in a non-linear manner, such as a logarithmic manner. In another embodiment, the function is a piecewise function.

[0064] In another embodiment, the slope of the lens can be varied arbitrarily, randomly, or quasi-randomly between the slopes defined by the near and far curvature surfaces (or between the additional power distributions) and other curvatures between near and far. The resulting arbitrary function can be adjusted to achieve a specific desired power distribution on the lens. For example, the function can be adjusted to bias vision toward hyperopia while maintaining an overall very good depth of focus. In this way, the lens can be adjusted in a customized manner to allow any desired lens power distribution. For example, the lens can be adjusted to have one or more regions biased toward hyperopia, while other (one or more) regions biased toward myopia, with these regions positioned at desired locations along the lens based on the needs or desires of the lens designer.

[0065] Once an appropriate function is constructed that changes the slope between distance and near vision (and possibly other vision) to achieve the desired lens power profile across the lens, the integral is used to specify or define the shape (e.g., curvature) of the lens surface. The function representing the combined slope described may be as follows: Figure 6 The piecewise function shown, consisting of line segments, is integrated using any suitable integration technique. This can be accomplished symbolically, numerically, or using any other function integration method. The result of the integration of the slope function defines a surface of the lens, which can be at least a portion of the front surface, the back surface, or a combination thereof.

[0066] It should be understood that the slope function can vary and can be, for example, a piecewise function (i.e., a function composed of multiple small function segments). In this case, the segments can be line segments (e.g., Figure 6 The slope function can be any function that bounces back and forth between the hyperopia and near vision slope curves. In addition, additional slope curves beyond the near and far slope curves can be used, including any number of slope curves beyond the near and far curves, including midway curves or any curve between the near and far slope curves.

[0067] Figure 5 A graphical representation of a first line 505 (or slope curve) of the curvature slope of a hyperopic baseline profile and a second line 510 (or slope curve) of the curvature slope of a hyperopic baseline profile as a function of the radial distance of the lens from the optical axis is shown. In an embodiment, a user can selectively pick, select, or otherwise identify one or more transition points 520, each transition point 520 representing a transition between a first line 505 and a corresponding transition point 525 on a second line 510, wherein the slope transitions based on a selected periodic function. As previously described, the periodic function can vary and can be regular, irregular, or arbitrary. Therefore, a designer can selectively change the distance between transition points along the first line 505 or the second line 510, and the distance can be regular, irregular, arbitrary, and / or can be selected by the user. In an embodiment, a user can determine the location of the transition points 520 and 525 (e.g., in real time) to provide a desired focal power distribution for the lens that moves radially outward from the optical axis of the lens. The user can then implement a customized lens design. That is, it allows the user to achieve fine tuning of the power profile and further allows the user to achieve fine control over the maximum and minimum curvature of the lens surface. As a result, the lens power can be more consistent with varying pupil sizes. If the function defining the combined surface is regular, diffraction effects may occur due to constant width features on the lens surface. The user can overcome this diffraction effect by providing a test random period width to the function.

[0068] Figure 6 The slope curve 605 of the periodic function is schematically shown, which transitions between various transition points 520 and 525 along the slope lines 505 and 510. As previously described, the user can selectively pick the transition points 520 and 525 to achieve a customized power profile for the lens. The slope curve can be a random, regular, periodic or piecewise function.

[0069] Fig. 7A A histogram of curvature slope values ​​across the lens is shown, with the horizontal axis being the slope and the vertical axis being the amount of occurrence. The user can customize the amount or number of desired slope values ​​across the lens. For example, in a non-limiting example, the vertical bars of the histogram are interpreted as "a slope of 0.072 occurs 43 times across the lens." This gives a measure of how much of the various powers (e.g., high, low, and medium) are present across the lens. In an embodiment, a user can use the histogram to begin lens design, such as by selectively adjusting the histogram to achieve a desired lens power distribution. The resulting histogram is then defined or otherwise represented by a slope curve that represents the slope of curvature of the lens surface, based on the power distribution defined by the histogram. The slope curve is integrated to achieve the definition of the lens surface. Figure 7B Shows the Figure 6 The above arrangement represents another histogram of the curvature of the outer surface of the lens.

[0070] In an embodiment, Figure 5 , 6 The representations shown in and 7 can be presented in a user interface on a display (e.g., a computer display). The user can adjust the transition points 520 and 525 to selectively achieve the desired focal power distribution of the lens. For example, the computer can provide a user interface that enables the user to select one or more transition points 520 / 525 (e.g., using a mouse cursor) and then slide the transition points along the curve 505 / 510 to selectively define the transition points. Alternatively, the user can first define one or more unconnected transition points and then provide a function that connects or transitions the transition points to each other. In an embodiment, when the user selectively adjusts the transition points, the user interface is updated in real time so that Fig. 7A and 7B The corresponding histogram representation shown in is also updated in real time on the computer display. In this way, the user can view the histogram generated based on the selective adjustment of the transition points 520 and 525.

[0071] Example Lens IOL

[0072] As described above, the configuration of lenses utilizing the combined surfaces may vary. Figures 8A-8C Non-limiting examples of lenses including IOLs are shown. Fig. 8A A front view of the IOL is shown, which may be a front view. Figure 8B A dorsal view of the IOL is shown, which may be a posterior view. Figure 8C A side view of an IOL is shown. The IOL includes a central optical zone 46 (with a back surface 46b) that provides correction for defocus, astigmatism, and any other correction required for the lens (e.g., spherical aberration). In a non-limiting example, for an IOL using a virtual aperture, the central optical zone diameter is smaller than the diameter of a conventional IOL. This results in a smaller central thickness, which in turn makes the IOL easier to implant and allows a smaller corneal incision to be used during surgery, such as an incision of about 2.2 mm. The central optical zone can achieve variable light transmittance.

[0073] The IOL optionally includes a virtual aperture 48, which is positioned further outwardly relative to the central position of the central optical zone 46. The virtual aperture is not actually an aperture that blocks light, but the optical effect is almost the same for central vision. A beam of light incident on the virtual aperture propagates through the virtual aperture and produces widely expanded light through refraction, diffraction, scattering, reflection and / or diffusion, so the contribution to stray light (blurred light) at any one spot on the observation plane is very small. The virtual aperture can be achieved by surface modification, subsurface modification or addition to the IOL or a structure (such as a mask structure) positioned relative to the IOL. For example, the mask structure can be an annular structure or any annular mask that blocks at least a portion of the light from passing through the IOL.

[0074] Still refer to Fig. 8A , moving peripherally outward from the virtual aperture 48, at least one IOL haptic 50 (having a back surface 50b) is located on the IOL. The haptic 50 can be formed by one or more arms that extend peripherally outward to define the outermost edge of the IOL. In an example, the optical zone has a diameter of 1.5 mm. The haptic 50 can define the outermost region of the IOL. When the IOL is positioned in the eye, a first plurality of light rays incident on the anterior optical surface of the optical zone can pass through the optical zone to form an image on the retina, while a second plurality of light rays incident on the anterior virtual aperture surface are widely scattered downstream from the IOL toward and across the retina, so that the image includes an extended depth of field, and further wherein the virtual aperture reduces monochromatic and chromatic aberrations in the image. The optical zone can include at least one of a bifocal optical device, a trifocal optical device, and a multifocal optical device.

[0075] The virtual aperture is optionally connected to the optical zone 46 by a first transition zone 47, which is located at the peripheral edge of the optical zone 46, so that the virtual aperture is a first peripheral area surrounding or partially surrounding the optical zone. The haptic portion may optionally include a second peripheral area for positioning the intraocular lens in the eye. The first transition zone is located peripherally outward from the optical zone 46. The optional second transition zone 49 connects the haptic portion 50 to the virtual aperture 48. The first transition zone 47 and the second transition zone 49 are configured to promote zero-order and first-order continuity of the IOL outer surface on both sides of the corresponding transition zone. A common method for implementing these transition zones is a polynomial function, such as a cubic Bessel function. Transition methods such as these are known to those skilled in the art. On the back of the IOL is the central optical zone 46b, the haptic portion 50b and the transition 47b between them. Figures 8A-8C Not necessarily drawn to scale, the shapes of the haptics are for illustration purposes only. Other haptic shapes and sizes known to those skilled in the art are also suitable. The first and second transition regions do not necessarily exist in the IOL itself.

[0076] The IOL has a front surface and a back surface, and the components of the IOL (including the optical zone 46, the first transition zone 47, the second transition zone 49, the virtual aperture 48, and the haptic portion 50) can each have a corresponding front surface and back surface. The optical zone 46 has a front optical surface, which may include at least one multifocal region and / or a toric region. At least a portion or region of the front surface and / or the back surface (e.g., in the virtual aperture region or other portions of the IOL) may have a surface profile or shape that achieves a desired or predetermined effect of light passing therethrough. In a non-limiting example, the surface profile of the front surface and / or the back surface includes an area having a corrugated profile (e.g., a wave or undulating shape that forms a series of raised and lowered surfaces). The surface profile can achieve various effects on light passing through the IOL. For example, the surface profile can achieve wide or wider stray light expansion depending on the type of surface profile used. The surface profile can be used to achieve expansion of stray light directed away from the focus of the retina.

[0077] Example computing system

[0078] Fig. 9 A block diagram illustrating an example of a computing system 900 consistent with implementations of the current subject matter is depicted. The computing system 900 can implement the processes and methods described herein. The system can include or be coupled to a lens manufacturing system, an imaging system, a biothermal system, an interactive user interface, and / or an input program to receive and manipulate physical, biometric, biomechanical, material, and mechanical information and data.

[0079] like Fig. 9 As shown, the computing system 900 may include a processor 910, a memory 920, a storage device 930, and an input / output device 940. The processor 910, the memory 920, the storage device 930, and the input / output device 940 may be interconnected via a system bus 950. The processor 910 is capable of processing instructions to be executed within the computing system 900. The instructions executed in this way may implement one or more components of, for example, VESA, 3D-ID AI, and / or MP tools. In some embodiments of the current subject matter, the processor 910 may be a single-threaded processor. Alternatively, the processor 910 may be a multi-threaded processor. The processor 910 is capable of processing instructions stored in the memory 920 and / or on the storage device 930 to display graphical information to a user interface provided by the input / output device 940.

[0080] Memory 920 is a computer-readable medium, such as volatile or non-volatile, that stores information within computing system 900. For example, memory 920 may store a data structure representing a configuration object database. Storage device 930 is capable of providing persistent storage for computing system 900. Storage device 930 may be a floppy disk device, a digital cloud, a hard disk device, an optical disk device, or a tape device, or other suitable persistent storage device. Input / output device 940 provides input / output operations for computing system 900. In some embodiments of the current subject matter, input / output device 940 includes a keyboard and / or a pointing device. In various embodiments, input / output device 940 includes a display unit for displaying a graphical user interface.

[0081] According to some embodiments of the present subject matter, the input / output device 940 can provide input / output operations for a network. For example, the input / output device 940 can include an Ethernet port or other network port to communicate with one or more wired and / or wireless networks, Bluetooth, or digital cloud systems (e.g., local area network (LAN), wide area network (WAN), the Internet).

[0082] In some embodiments of the present subject matter, computing system 900 may be used to execute various interactive computer software applications that may be used to display information in various (e.g., table) formats (e.g., Microsoft and / or any other type of software) to organize, analyze and / or store data. Alternatively, the computing system 900 can be used to execute any type of software application. These applications can be used to perform various functions, such as planning functions (e.g., generating, managing, editing spreadsheet documents, word processing documents, and / or any other objects, etc.), computing functions, communication functions, etc. The application can include various additional functions, plug-ins, or can be independent computing products and / or functions. After activation in the application, these functions can be used to generate a user interface provided by the input / output device 940. The user interface can be generated by the computing system 900 and presented to the user (e.g., on a computer screen monitor, etc.). The user interface can be integrated with other devices or virtual ecosystems.

[0083] One or more aspects or features of the subject matter described herein can be implemented in digital electronic circuits, integrated circuits, specially designed ASICs, field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), computer hardware, firmware, software, and / or combinations thereof. These various aspects or features can include implementations in one or more computer programs that can be executed and / or interpreted on a programmable system that includes at least one programmable processor that can be dedicated or general purpose, connected to receive data and instructions from a storage system, at least one input device, and at least one output device, and to transmit data and instructions thereto. A programmable system or computing system can include a client and a server. The client and server are typically remote from each other and typically interact through a communication network. The relationship between a client and a server is generated by computer programs that run on respective computers and have a client-server relationship with each other.

[0084] These computer programs may also be referred to as programs, software, software applications, applications, components or codes, including machine instructions for programmable processors, and may be implemented in high-level procedural and / or object-oriented programming languages ​​and / or assembly / machine languages. As used herein, the term "machine-readable medium" refers to any computer program product, device and / or equipment for providing machine instructions and / or data to a programmable processor, such as a disk, an optical disk, a memory and a programmable logic device (PLD), including a machine-readable medium that receives machine instructions as a machine-readable signal. The term "machine-readable signal" refers to any signal for providing machine instructions and / or data to a programmable processor. A machine-readable medium may store such machine instructions non-temporarily, such as a non-transient solid-state memory or a magnetic hard drive or any equivalent storage medium. A machine-readable medium may alternatively or additionally store such machine instructions in a transient manner, such as a processor cache or other random access memory associated with one or more physical processor cores.

[0085] To provide interaction with a user, one or more aspects or features of the subject matter described herein may be implemented on a computer having a display device (e.g., a cathode ray tube (CRT) or a liquid crystal display (LCD) or a light emitting diode (LED) monitor) for displaying information to a user; and a keyboard and pointing device (e.g., a mouse or trackball) through which a user can provide input to the computer. Other types of devices may also be used to provide interaction with a user. For example, the feedback provided to the user may be any form of sensory feedback, such as visual feedback, auditory feedback, or tactile feedback; and the input from the user may be received in any form, including acoustic, voice, or tactile input. Other possible input devices include touch screens or other touch-sensitive devices, such as single-point or multi-point resistive or capacitive touch pads, joysticks, voice recognition hardware and software, optical scanners, optical pointers, digital image capture devices and related interpretation software, and the like.

[0086] In the above description and claims, phrases such as "at least one of..." or "one or more of..." may appear after a linked list of elements or features. The term "and / or" may also appear in a list of two or more elements or features. Unless there is an implicit or explicit contradiction with the context in which it is used, such phrases are intended to mean any element or feature listed alone or any combination of any recited element or feature with any other recited element or feature. For example, the phrases "at least one of A and B;", "one or more of A and B;", and "A and / or B" are each intended to mean "A alone, B alone, or A and B together". A similar interpretation is intended for a list including three or more items. For example, the phrases "at least one of A, B, and C;", "one or more of A, B, and C;", and "A, B, and / or C" each mean "A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, or A and B and C together". Use of the term "based on" above and in the claims means "based, at least in part, on," such that non-recited features or elements are also allowed.

[0087] Although this specification contains many details, these details should not be interpreted as limitations on the scope of the claimed invention or the invention that may be claimed, but should be interpreted as descriptions of the features of specific embodiments. Certain features described in the context of separate embodiments in this specification may also be implemented in combination in a single embodiment. On the contrary, the various features described in the context of a single embodiment may also be implemented separately or in any suitable sub-combination in multiple embodiments. In addition, although the above-mentioned features may be described as working in certain combinations, and even initially claimed in this way, in some cases, one or more features in the claim combination may be deleted from the combination, and the claim combination may be directed to a sub-combination or a variant of a sub-combination. Similarly, although the operations are depicted in a particular order in the figure, it should not be understood as requiring such operations to be performed in the particular order shown or in a sequential order, or requiring all the operations shown to be performed to achieve the desired results. Only some examples and embodiments are disclosed. The examples and embodiments and other embodiments may be changed, modified and enhanced based on the disclosed content.

Claims

1. An intraocular lens comprising: A lens body configured for implantation in an eye, wherein the lens has an outer surface comprising a combined cyclic surface, wherein the combined cyclic surface has a first portion periodically defined by a base shape optimized at a first focal length, a second portion periodically defined by a base shape optimized at a second focal length, and a third portion periodically connecting the first portion and the second portion, the third portion being defined by a periodic function that varies in amplitude and frequency.

2. The lens according to claim 1, wherein: The outer surface includes a rear surface and a front surface.

3. The lens according to claim 1, wherein: The circulation surface is located on the rear surface.

4. The lens of claim 2, wherein the combined recycle surface is located on the front surface.

5. The lens according to claim 1, wherein: The combined cycle surface is located on only a portion of the outer surface.

6. The lens according to claim 5, wherein: The outer surface also includes a central region, which is a non-periodic surface, such as a spherical surface or an aspherical surface.

7. The lens according to claim 5, wherein: The outer surface includes a combined circulation surface surrounded by two non-circular surfaces such as spherical surfaces or aspherical surfaces.

8. The lens according to claim 6, wherein: The combined circulation surface transitions to the non-circulation surface according to ascent or descent.

9. The lens according to claim 1, wherein: The periodic function is a sine function or a cosine function.

10. The lens according to claim 1, wherein: The periodic function is an arbitrarily large number of sine and cosine terms.

11. The lens according to claim 1, wherein: The periodic function is a chirp function.

12. The lens according to claim 1, wherein: The combined recurrent surface periodically transitions between a base shape optimized at a first focal length and a base shape optimized at a second focal length at a plurality of transition points.

13. The lens according to claim 12, wherein: The user can select the transition point.

14. The lens according to claim 12, wherein: The distances between the transition points are regular.

15. The lens according to claim 12, wherein: The distance between the transition points is arbitrary.

16. A lens, wherein: The lens has at least one surface defined by a combination of a baseline lens shape and a combination of a periodic function modulated in amplitude and period.

17. The lens according to claim 16, wherein: The lens comprises an intraocular lens.

18. The lens according to claim 16, wherein: The at least one surface is a rear surface.

19. The lens according to claim 16, wherein: The at least one surface is a front surface.

20. The lens according to claim 16, wherein: The lens comprises an endoscope.

21. The lens according to claim 16, wherein: The periodic function is a sine function or a cosine function.

22. The lens according to claim 16, wherein: The periodic function is an arbitrarily large number of sine and cosine terms.

23. A method of defining a lens surface, comprising: defining a first slope curve for at least a portion of a lens surface, the first slope curve associated with an optimized lens power at a first distance; defining a second slope curve for at least another portion of the lens surface, the second slope curve being associated with an optimized lens power at a second distance; defining at least a third slope curve connecting the first slope curve and the second slope curve; combining the first slope curve, the second slope curve, and the third slope curve to obtain a combined slope curve; The combined slope curve is integrated to obtain a definition of the curvature of the lens surface.

24. The method according to claim 23, wherein: The first slope curve is associated with a single point on the lens surface.

25. The method according to claim 23, wherein: The third slope curve is a periodic function.

26. The method of claim 23, wherein: The third slope curve is a piecewise function.

27. The method according to claim 23, wherein: The third slope curve is an arbitrary function.

28. The method of claim 23, wherein: The third slope curve is a piecewise function.

29. The method of claim 23, wherein: The first slope is related to the area of ​​the lens surface.

30. The method of claim 22, further comprising defining an additional slope curve beyond the first slope curve and the second slope curve.

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