Air filter with coupled sample collection / analysis functionality

Abstract

The invention relates to a filter module (100) for filtering air (101) of at least a part of a building or air (101) of an exhaust gas purification unit of a production process, the filter module (100) being exchangeably arranged in a filter system (150) and the filter module (100) having a filter body (110) which is designed to filter air (101) when it flows through. The filter body (110) has a filter region (111), which filters air-accompanying substances in the air (101) flowing through the filter body (110), and an analysis region (112), which is configured to support an analysis of air-accompanying substances and / or air quality, the filter body (110) being configured such that, with a volumetric flow rate through the filter body (110) of 0.1 m / s to 5.0 m / s, the air-accompanying substances and / or the air quality are analyzed. The pressure drop of air flowing through the filter body (110) is less than 450 Pascals. The filter region (111) is designed in such a way that, in the case of a pressure drop over the filter module (100) in the range of 10 Pa to 450 Pa, the gas flow component in the analysis region (112) varies by less than 40% with respect to the component in the filter region (111), and wherein the analysis region (112) is configured with respect to the filtration region (111) such that the air (101) in the analysis region (112) is in contact with more than 90% of the same air-accompanying substance content in the filtration region (111).

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a filter module and a method for filtering the air of at least a portion of a building or the air of an exhaust air purification unit of a production process. The invention also relates to a filter system having the filter module. Background Art

[0002] The filtration system in an indoor air system is responsible for ventilating and exchanging air in the rooms of a building, and filtering pollutants from the air. The filter can also be used as a sample collector, and the collected pollutants can be analyzed later after the filter's service life expires.

[0003] When using conventional air filters as sample collectors and analyzing them based on their service life, due to the asymmetric airflow, it's often not possible to assume that a portion of the filter represents the total filter load. This means the entire filter contents must be analyzed, which is associated with high material and analytical costs. Therefore, the goal is to only analyze a portion of the flow area, which represents the total filter load. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The object of the present invention is to provide a filter which allows a more precise analysis of the air to be filtered.

[0005] This object is achieved with a filter module and a method for filtering the air of at least a portion of a building or the air of an exhaust air purification unit of a production process according to the subject matter of the independent patent claims.

[0006] According to a first aspect, a filter module for filtering air in at least a portion of a building or an exhaust air purification unit of a production process is described. The filter module can be replaceably arranged in a filter system and includes a filter body configured to filter air as it flows through. The filter body includes a filter region for filtering airborne substances from the flowing air and an analysis region configured to support analysis of the airborne substances and / or air quality.

[0007] The filter body is configured such that the pressure drop of air flowing through the filter body is less than 450 Pascals when the volumetric flow rate through the filter body is between 0.1 m / s and 5.0 m / s. The filtration region is configured such that the airflow composition in the analysis region varies by less than 40% relative to the composition in the filtration region when the pressure drop across the filter module is between 10 Pa and 450 Pa, and the analysis region is configured relative to the filtration region such that the air in the analysis region contacts more than 90% of the same airborne matter or airborne particles in the filtration region.

[0008] According to a further aspect, a filter system is described having a control unit and at least one filter module as described above, wherein the at least one filter module is suitable for exchanging analysis data required to support an analysis of airborne substances and / or air quality.

[0009] According to another aspect, a method for filtering the air of at least a portion of a building or the air of an exhaust air purification unit of a production process using the above-described replaceable filter module is described.

[0010] The filter system according to the invention is typically used in buildings to filter and purify air or, for example, to clean the air in production processes in factories. To this end, the filter system has, for example, an active flow generator, such as a fan, or is integrated into the building's ventilation system, which has, for example, a central active flow generator.

[0011] The filter system, for example, comprises a housing in which a filter module or a plurality of filter modules arranged in series along or parallel to the direction of air flow through the filter system is arranged. The filter modules according to the present invention can be arranged replaceably in the filter system. For example, corresponding guide rails can be provided along which the filter modules can be pushed into their operating position within the filter system. Furthermore, removable fastening means, such as screws or clamping closures, can be provided, for example, to allow the filter modules to be arranged in a modular and replaceable manner within the filter system.

[0012] The filter module comprises, for example, a flat filter material fixed in a surrounding support frame. The filter module can be designed as a bag filter, wherein a plurality of bags of filter material are fixed in a support frame and an air flow is directed into the bags in order to filter the incoming air. Furthermore, the filter module can be designed as a cartridge filter, a bag filter, a candle filter, a compact filter, or a HEPA filter.

[0013] The filter module according to the present invention, and in particular the filter material, is configured such that the pressure drop of the air flowing through the filter body is less than 450 Pa at a volume flow rate through the filter body of 0.1 m / s to 5.0 m / s. Accordingly, the filter module is used to clean large air masses with low pressure loss. These values ​​can be adjusted structurally, in particular by selecting the filter material and the corresponding pore size and structure of the filter material.

[0014] The filter module, in particular, has a filter area that filters the air. Furthermore, the filter module according to the present invention has an analysis area that is configured to support air analysis. This support for air analysis can, for example, involve branching off the air in the analysis area and directing it to an air analysis device, for example, in the filter system. Furthermore, as described below, the analysis area can include active analysis elements, such as sensors or sample chambers for collecting air samples or accompanying substances.

[0015] According to the present invention, the analysis region is arranged relative to the filter region such that, for a pressure drop across the filter module in the range of 10 Pa to 450 Pa, in particular to 250 Pa or also to 150 Pa, the air flow composition in the analysis region varies by less than 40% relative to the composition in the filter region, and the analysis region is configured relative to the filter region such that the air in the analysis region comes into contact with more than 90% of the same airborne concomitant substances or airborne particles in the filter region. The filter performance of the filter module according to the present invention, in particular the filter region, is measured, for example, in accordance with EN ISO 16890 and is better than 50% for one of the categories "ISO Coarse," "ISO ePM10," "ISO ePM2.5," or "ISO ePM1."

[0016] If the filter module is operated within these characteristic values, the arrangement of the filter area proposed in the present invention allows the filter area to be in contact with the same airborne contaminants and / or air volume in the filter area by more than 90%. Even with a pressure drop variation of 50 Pa to 450 Pa across the filter system, the air flow composition in the analysis area relative to the filter area varies by less than 40%, in particular less than 25%, in particular less than 10%, and even more particularly less than 4%.

[0017] This configuration can be achieved in particular if the analysis region is arranged and configured in a suitable location and size within the filter region or filter module. For example, the analysis region is located at a sufficient distance from the supporting frame of the filter module or from the edge of the flow channel in which the filter module is arranged in the filter system to avoid edge flow characteristics that result in different compositions of the accompanying airborne substances or airborne particles or different pressure drop ranges relative to, for example, the central filter region. Accordingly, the analysis region is located at a distance of, for example, greater than 0.5 cm, greater than 2 cm, and in particular greater than 8 cm from the edge region of the filter module.

[0018] The solution according to the present invention is suitable for filter modules, for example, in the form of bag filters, or for secondary filter systems. A secondary filter system generally describes an air circulation system with filtration that is installed in a room. A secondary filter system can be mobile or stationary. In contrast, controlled apartment ventilation, fixed installations, and ducted ventilation systems, for example, are referred to as primary filter systems. In a secondary filter system, an area with laminar air flow can be created, in which the corresponding filter modules according to the present invention are arranged. For example, the filter material support frame of the filter module forms a suitable mechanically strong platform, enabling direct or indirect attachment of additional elements in the analysis area, such as sensors or air-guiding elements, to be sufficiently vibration-free (so that no elements vibrate in the airflow). Reducing vibrations is particularly important if vibration-sensitive sensors (such as MEMS or other electromechanical components) are used in the analysis area.

[0019] Due to the arrangement of the analysis area, the filter module according to the invention provides, in particular, integrated support for online or offline analysis of the pollutant load of the air flowing through. In particular, due to the arrangement of the analysis area, the analysis area can, for example, acquire measured values ​​or samples of the air, in particular in a temporal or quantitative manner.

[0020] According to another exemplary embodiment, the analysis area has a collection volume for airborne substances. The analysis area can, for example, be formed as a bag or pouch, within which the collection volume is formed. Air particles or other airborne substances can be collected therein and analyzed later, for example, when the filter module is removed. Furthermore, according to one exemplary embodiment, a sensor can be installed in the collection volume to analyze the captured airborne substances. Solid air particles and / or liquid foreign matter deposited in the sample collector can be used to collect a pure sample of the airborne substances.

[0021] According to one exemplary embodiment, the filtration module includes a sampling device, which is particularly replaceable and / or removable and is arranged in the analysis area, with a collection volume formed therein. The sampling device is particularly sealable to partially, completely, and / or selectively seal the collection volume. For example, the sampling device can be sealed after a certain time interval, during which airborne matter is collected in the collection volume. The sampling device can then be removed, and the captured airborne particles or liquids can be analyzed in an external laboratory. For example, due to the seal, non-destructive opening of the sampling device is not possible. The sampling device can, for example, be a sealable bag made of filter material and have a closure mechanism, such as a sealable flap. The corresponding opening and closing of the sampling device can be controlled, for example, by the control unit of the filtration system. Alternatively, the sampling device can be sealed by a technician during filter replacement. Thus, one or more predefined collection areas (i.e., collection volumes) can be provided in the analysis area, which can be removed with minimal effort for simple sampling in the laboratory and protected from subsequent contamination (both internally, i.e., by the operator, and externally, by the environment, via matter collected by the filtration system). A possible implementation of this functionality could be punching pliers with a closing cover (if necessary integrated into the filter system), which are removed for analysis in the laboratory.

[0022] According to another exemplary embodiment, the analysis area includes an adhesion zone for the adhesion and accumulation of airborne substances. For example, adhesion can be achieved by defining the pore size of a filter material in the analysis area, or by using a specific adhesive-like substance to which airborne particles adhere. Typically, only a small fraction of foreign matter is present in the airflow, so the adhesion potential in the analysis area is used to concentrate these substances, enabling simplified subsequent detection (either in situ or later offline). The actual concentration of the airborne substance can then be inferred based on the concentration interval.

[0023] According to another exemplary embodiment, the analysis area includes a reaction zone for reacting and converting airborne substances and / or air components. The reaction zone, in particular, includes substances that react with certain airborne substances or air components to bind them in the analysis area and / or convert them into measurable and analyzable substances. Since some airborne substances cannot be easily collected (e.g., gases, such as the O2 or CO2 content in air) or are unstable, and since these substances can, for example, oxidize or reduce, corresponding conversions are advantageous. Built-in chemical (reaction and thus stabilization) or physical (sealing, separation) functions in the reaction zone retain the corresponding substances (in particular, by concentrating the airborne substances until the corresponding reaction can be detected) for local indication (e.g., color change or fluorescence) or for later analysis (e.g., in a laboratory). The analysis area, for example, includes a container in which the reaction zone is located. An example of this is a so-called cuvette, such as a Dräger cuvette. For example, a cuvette consists of a thin glass tube sealed at one end by melting. Internally, substances are applied to an inert carrier material, which, after a chemical reaction with the respective airborne substance to be detected, assume an indicator function, for example by a visual reaction such as a color change.

[0024] According to another exemplary embodiment, the analysis area includes an air guide area for discharging the air flow from the filter body. For example, the analysis area may include a conical air guide area, in which an air portion is received from the flowing air and further transported to a desired location in another pipeline system outside the filter module. For example, the air portion can be collected in a collection container of the filter system and provided for further analysis. With the help of the air guide area, for example, a representative portion of the air flow can be deflected so that it can be further processed in a separate analysis unit. The main task here is to maintain this representative portion even in the event of pressure fluctuations, especially in the transition from laminar flow to turbulent flow.

[0025] According to another exemplary embodiment, the analysis area has a sensor element for measuring at least one parameter of airborne matter and / or air quality. With the aid of the sensor element integrated in the analysis area, a direct measurement of foreign matter or groups of foreign matter in the air flow can be provided. This could, for example, relate to the amount of fine dust of a specific diameter class. Furthermore, for example, other foreign matter can be pre-filtered out so that only certain airborne matter reaches the sensor. In the case of eddies caused by the turbulent flow of air through the filter module, heavier matter (particles, molecules, aerosols, etc.) is displaced by centrifugal forces in the radial direction of the flow roller, which leads to an uneven composition of the air flow. With the aid of the air module according to the invention, representative air flow components can be measured by the sensor by ensuring the flow rate according to the invention regardless of any pressure differences.

[0026] According to another exemplary embodiment, the sensor element comprises a MEMS sensor. Furthermore, the sensor element can be configured in particular so that it can be used for Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and / or near-infrared spectroscopy. This allows for the measurement of parameters such as particles per volume. It may be particularly relevant that pressure variations in the analysis area, and in particular pressure differences between the analysis area and the filtration area, are kept as low as possible or prevented. The filter module according to the present invention reduces the pressure difference between the analysis area and the filtration area, enabling more precise measurements with the sensor.

[0027] According to one exemplary embodiment, the sensor element comprises a resistance sensor for measuring airborne substances and / or air quality. For example, a triggering substance can also be used to measure the presence of certain foreign matter in the air (e.g., according to the Bresle measurement). It is particularly important that the airflow through the analysis region represents the airflow and air quality in the filter system and corresponds to the airflow through the filter region.

[0028] The sensor element can, for example, include a microphone and detect the noise level in the room, and in particular the location of the noise source. By measuring and evaluating the noise level in the room, the number of people speaking and their voice intensity can be determined, and the control unit can adapt the ventilation power of the fan unit accordingly, since the amount of aerosol emitted by people increases with the volume of their speech. In other words, the ventilation power control can be regulated by the noise level in the room. The more people talking or speaking loudly, the more aerosol is emitted, and the higher the fan power can be, since, for example, the additional noise of equipment (e.g., the fan unit) is not perceived and is not disruptive. If one or more people are sitting quietly in the room, the ventilation power is reduced, as quietness is essential for concentrated work, and hardly any aerosol is emitted.

[0029] According to an exemplary embodiment, the filter module has a communication unit for communicating data related to the airborne substances and / or the air quality to a control unit of the filter system, in particular for controlling the filter module. The communication unit is configured to send information about the airborne substances and / or the air quality to the control unit, or also to generate control signals based on measured parameters, for example, in order to generate an advisory signal (alarm signal) or an airflow control signal.

[0030] According to another exemplary embodiment, the filter element has multiple analysis areas. For example, two, three, or more analysis areas can be integrated into the filter module. This allows for a more functional and precise analysis of air content and airborne substances over a larger area of ​​the filter module.

[0031] According to another exemplary embodiment, the analysis area is configured to indicate the presence of a substance class, wherein the analysis area is configured to filter and collect airborne particles from the air. In chemistry, a substance class is understood to be all substances that can be united by a common property. Each substance can belong to multiple groups, depending on which property is used for classification. Additionally or alternatively, the analysis area can be configured to store samples of airborne particles, with sorbitol and / or activated carbon being particularly provided in the analysis area for storage. In another particular exemplary embodiment, the filtration module includes, on the one hand, a broadband reaction trigger system that reacts to certain substance classes and visualizes their presence. On the other hand, the analysis area can include a sample collection system (which may also concentrate the substances and / or react, initialize, or store them for an extended period, such as with activated carbon or sorbitol). This allows for detailed analysis of the substances captured in the sample collection at a later time when the visual pollution indicator responds. For example, a specific mechanism for detecting entire substance classes can provide layer detection of dust and heavy metals such as iron, mercury, and copper, which can be detected by typical inorganic color complexes. This method turns iron and copper blue or orange as ferricyanide layers. It also allows for the layered detection of oxidizing gases such as NOx and ozone. Potassium iodide-iodine starch can be used to produce a color reaction from colorless to blue.

[0032] In particular, the viral load of the air to be filtered can be detected in the analysis area, in particular by the triggering system. For example, the concentration of a virus such as SARS-CoV-2 can be determined. A biosensor is arranged as a sensor element in the analysis area. The air to be filtered flows through the biosensor. For example, the biomarker can include a biomarker that reacts with the virus and causes a corresponding measurable (e.g., optical) reaction.

[0033] The biosensor can function based on the PCR test method (real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction), which detects the genetic sequence of a virus, such as SARS-CoV 2. Furthermore, the biosensor can function in the manner of an antigen test and implement fluorescence- or chemiluminescence-based test methods, in which viral proteins are detected, for example, by a specific color.

[0034] In one embodiment, the biosensor can be configured as a waveguide interferometer. This photonic biosensor identifies various light-based phenomena of viruses to rapidly detect and quantify the virus or corresponding biomarkers. Among the various photonic biosensors, silicon photonic biosensors based on the evanescent wave principle can be used.

[0035] Furthermore, the biosensor can be constructed as a nanophotonic biosensor based on an interferometric bimodal waveguide (BiMW). To capture and detect viruses in a sample, the surface of the BiMW sensor is modified with specific receptors designed for viral antigens, such as the spike (S) protein of SARS-CoV-2. As the air to be filtered flows through the biosensor, viral particles are captured by the receptors on the sensor surface, generating an interferometric signal that can be recorded in real time. The sensor's response is proportional to the viral concentration in the filtered air, enabling precise quantification of the viral load in the air, for example.

[0036] Furthermore, phenolic layers such as bisphenol, nonylphenol, or chlorophenol can be provided, which produce a red color (iron complex) or a color reaction with dimethylaminobenzaldehyde, i.e., a purple-red color. Furthermore, layers containing potassium permanganate (e.g., reacting with SO2 (sulfur dioxide), odorous sulfur compounds (H2S), formaldehyde, or, for example, permethrine) can be provided.

[0037] According to another exemplary embodiment, the filter module includes an energy generation unit configured to generate energy from the airflow through the filter module and / or from electromagnetic waves. This energy is used, in particular, to operate the analysis area. For example, energy can be generated from a pressure difference across the filter module, for example, using a propeller, a speed collector, a piezoelectric element, and / or by receiving and correcting high-frequency vibrations (e.g., from a WLAN router). This is used to operate devices in the analysis area or systems within the filter system. For example, no electrical connection is required between the filter system, the filter module, and / or the ambient ventilation system.

[0038] According to another exemplary embodiment, the analysis area has a plurality of sample chambers, which can be selectively used to filter air particles with air flow through them, so as to enable delayed sample collection in particular. The sample chambers can be distributed or arranged together in a specific area of ​​the filter body or within the filter area. The sample chambers are arranged so that the volume flow rate according to the present invention is 0.1m / s to 5.0m / s and the pressure drop of the air flowing through the filter body is less than 450 Pascals. In addition, the sample chambers are constructed and arranged so that in the case of a pressure drop range of 10Pa to 450Pa on the filter module, the air flow composition in the sample chambers of the analysis area changes by less than 40% relative to the composition in the filter area, and the sample chambers in the analysis area are constructed relative to the filter area so that the air in the sample chambers contacts more than 90% of the same air particles in the filter area.

[0039] Here, the sample chambers can be selectively flowed through, for example by making one or selected sample chambers accessible to the airflow depending on the time. The sample chambers can have an opening mechanism, such as a controllable operating element, which selectively opens the sample chambers. For example, an air guidance system consisting of air lines and control valves can be used to specifically direct the airflow to specific sample chambers at specific times.

[0040] According to another exemplary embodiment, the filter body, particularly in the filter area, comprises a fleece as filter material, wherein the fleece comprises a single layer or multiple layers. The filter body is particularly replaceable in a filter module, wherein the fleece is particularly configured as a disposable filter. The fleece is composed of fibers of finite length, continuous fibers (filaments), or chopped yarns, which are assembled and connected to form a fleece (fiber layer, fiber fleece). The interconnected fibers create an air-permeable material with narrow, small-pore air passages, thereby achieving a good filtering effect, particularly on airborne particulate matter.

[0041] Since replaceable filter modules (especially as disposable filters) do not have to be precisely matched to the surrounding housing of the filter system, the filter modules also advantageously prevent possible air resonances. In filter materials consisting of regularly arranged filter media (e.g., woven, punched, etched, or drilled filters), there is the possibility of resonances and thus negative effects (noise, re-release of embedded pollutants, especially when starting and stopping the system, and when physical measured values ​​change) due to the self-organization effects of the airflow. It has been shown that the use of a layer of fleece in the solution according to the invention suppresses these vibration effects. This suppression occurs because the fibers are deposited and adhered irregularly and randomly. This irregularity reduces the potential for self-organization of vibrations. This suppression can be enhanced when multiple fleece layers are used in the construction of the filter material, especially when they have at least slightly different fleece materials or fleece layers. The differences can be caused by the production of the fleece material.

[0042] According to a further exemplary embodiment, the filter region and the analysis region can be arranged parallel in the air flow, so that the filter module can be configured as part of a secondary filter system and / or the filter module can be configured as part of a bag filter.

[0043] According to another exemplary embodiment, the air flow into the analysis area can be controlled so that the flow difference and / or pressure difference of the air in the filter area and the analysis area can be adjusted, and in particular, the pressure difference can be controlled or adjusted. For example, due to flow disturbances in the airflow or when the filter area is occupied, a flow difference and / or pressure difference may occur between the filter area and the analysis area. This may result in measurement results in the analysis area that are no longer representative of the entire airflow. Accordingly, for example, the flow characteristics can be specifically adjusted between the analysis area and the filter area separately via an air guidance system or flow generator to specifically adjust the flow characteristics in both areas.

[0044] According to another exemplary embodiment, the analysis region can be flowed through continuously or discontinuously. Thus, for example, in the case of discontinuous flow to the analysis region, the analysis region can be selectively covered and only flowed through by the air flow at the time of measurement. Alternatively, for example, to enable long-term measurements, the analysis region can be flowed through permanently and continuously.

[0045] According to another exemplary embodiment, in discontinuous operation, the analysis region can be activated relative to the filter region with a time duty cycle of less than 10:1, particularly less than 100:1, and / or the effective measurement time of the flow-through period of the filter body is shorter than 10 ms, particularly shorter than 50 microseconds, and particularly preferably shorter than 1 microsecond, wherein the flow-through period is particularly adjustable. For example, a duty cycle of 10:1 means that for every 10 time units in which flow is flowing through the filter region, flow is flowing through the analysis region for 1 time unit. This allows for discontinuous measurement, in particular to save energy for the measurement system. For example, it may be sufficient to perform measurements in the analysis region only during very short periods with long periods of inactivity. Foreign matter loading in the airflow typically occurs over a long period of time. Thus, intermediate time values ​​can also be interpolated from the individual measured values, without having to perform continuous measurements. Thus, good measurement results can be achieved with a duty cycle of less than 1:10, particularly less than 1:100. It is particularly helpful here if the duration of the measurement is minimized, for example the measurement of the color change of the indicator in the analysis region can be determined with a measurement time of less than 10 microseconds, in particular less than 50 microseconds, or less than 1 microsecond.

[0046] According to another exemplary embodiment, the filter module has a coupling element that is mechanically and / or electrically coupled to the analysis area and can be coupled to the connection portion of the filter system. The coupling element is particularly configured so that a detachable connection can be provided between the analysis area and the connection portion of the filter system. In addition, the coupling element is particularly configured so that when the filter module is brought into the operating position in the filter system, a connection can be automatically generated between the connection portion of the filter system and the analysis area. The coupling element is particularly arranged at the exhaust side of the filter body. The coupling element is, for example, used for the flow connection of an air flow captured in the analysis area and to be further guided to an external analysis area, for example, in the filter system or in an external laboratory. Additionally or alternatively, the coupling element is used for signal technology connection or electrical connection between the device of the analysis area and the filter system. The coupling element is particularly arranged at the filter module, for example, at the supporting frame of the filter module, so that in the operating position of the filter module in the filter system, a connection with the corresponding coupling element of the filter system can be achieved. The coupling element can be, for example, an electrical plug. Furthermore, the coupling element can be an air connection or a flange-like structure which can be connected sealingly to a corresponding air connection of the filter system when the filter module is arranged in the operating position in the filter system.

[0047] In the case where a measuring unit or sensor is used for air data in the analysis area, the filter module can separate the measured air from the airflow and then supply it to the air sensor device in the system area. This has the advantage that the air sensor device does not need to be replaced every time the filter module is replaced. Here, the filter module can be designed so that it automatically connects and disconnects the connection with the air sensor device by means of a coupling element when the filter is replaced. In the case of a bag filter as the filter module, this can be achieved, for example, by inserting a measured air line with a corresponding coupling element into the carrier frame. By placing this plug connection, contamination of the plug connection can be reduced or prevented, especially in the exhaust area of ​​the filter system.

[0048] According to another exemplary embodiment, a filter module includes another filter body, which may be composed, in particular, of a bag filter or a hose filter, with at least one filter body consisting solely of an analysis area configured to analyze airborne substances and air quality. For example, at least one filter body may consist solely of an analysis area with a power supply unit, specifically designed to provide power for the intended service life of the filter module. For example, the filter module may include filter modules, in particular, multiple bag filters or hose filters, arranged in parallel or one after the other. Instead of the other filter body being a bag filter or hose filter, the other filter body may consist solely of the analysis area. Since the other filter body does not need to maintain any area for the filter area, a very large analysis area or a large number of different analysis areas can be constructed in the other filter body. Furthermore, an energy supply device or electrical supply unit, such as a high-capacity battery, may be arranged in the analysis area of ​​the other filter body to supply energy to the filter module, for example, for the entire service life of the filter module. The long-life battery allows the solution according to the present invention to be easily retrofitted into existing filter systems without requiring additional electrical and / or installation measures.

[0049] According to a further exemplary embodiment, the filter body, in particular in the filter region, comprises at least two fleece layers and a filter membrane arranged between the fleece layers, the fleece layers being arranged one above the other to form a layer composite, wherein in particular the middle filter membrane of the layer composite has a larger surface than the two outer fleece layers.

[0050] In particular, according to one exemplary embodiment, a first direction (e.g., the X direction) and a second direction (e.g., the Y direction) are defined, defining a plane. The intermediate filter membrane is shaped in a corrugated manner, having corrugation segments arranged one behind the other in the first direction. The corrugation segments may extend irregularly and asymmetrically relative to one another within the plane. The filter body is arranged so that air can flow through it in either the first or second direction. For example, the X direction represents the air inflow direction, and the corrugation segments extend transversely to the first direction in the second direction. The asymmetry in the wave arrangement and shape can be used to dampen vibrations. Alternatively, the filter body can also be inflowed in the Y direction, thereby extending parallel to the wave extension. The corrugation segments thus form, for example, a sharkskin-like ribbed structure, which reduces flow resistance. Depending on the inlet conditions into the filter body (inflow cross section, volume flow rate, depth of the filter material to be flowed through), one design or the other may be particularly advantageous. The asymmetry in the wave arrangement can be achieved through a self-organizing compression process, where the feed rate of the filter membrane is significantly higher than the feed rate of the two covering fleeces. By thermally fixing the three layers at a predetermined time, an asymmetry in the wave arrangement is generated. In addition to the advantages already described, this asymmetry stabilizes the bending in the xy plane.

[0051] According to another exemplary embodiment, the filter body has a thickness in the filter region of 2 mm to 10 mm, in particular 3 mm to 7 mm. Additionally or alternatively, the number of corrugated segments is between 0.5 and 3 waves per centimeter. This allows for filter performance similar to that of a HEPA filter, but with a pressure drop within the range of a standard F7 filter (i.e., within the operating parameters of the solution according to the invention).

[0052] According to another exemplary embodiment, the filter region is constructed from a hydrophobic filter material. Furthermore, the filter region can be constructed from natural fibers. The filter region can also comprise polyolefins, particularly polypropylene. In another example, the filter region comprises cellulose, cotton, and / or linen.

[0053] If the airflow to be filtered is heavily laden with aerosols, known filters can be prone to sudden moisture penetration. This can statically increase the pressure drop across the filter, and dynamically, due to the very rapid changes in pressure conditions, can also cause the subsequent flow control via VAV to be too rapid. The solution according to the invention overcomes this problem by appropriately selecting the filter material: hydrophobic materials (e.g., polyolefins, especially polypropylene, which are essentially free of polar groups) or absorbent materials with a particular (e.g., deep) swelling tendency (e.g., natural fibers, especially cellulose fibers, cotton, or linen). This reduces the tendency of the filter openings to fill with micro- or nano-sized water droplets. The fungicidal, virucidal, and bactericidal properties of linen have been shown to be suitable and make it an ideal filter component.

[0054] According to another exemplary embodiment, the analysis area has an air-guiding device, which is particularly configured to form an air path to the supply and / or exhaust side of the filter body, wherein the air-guiding device is particularly replaceable in the filter body. Thus, the air path leads through the analysis area and, if necessary, partially through the filter area. The air path, for example, guides the air to a measuring device of the filter system, wherein the filter modules can be replaced independently of the measuring devices. In particular, an intermediate material with filtering properties or containing an active agent can be arranged in the air path. As the filter modules are replaced, unloaded intermediate material or new active agent (which can interact with components of the air flow) can be supplied.

[0055] According to another exemplary embodiment, the filter module includes a weighing device that is configured to weigh the filter occupancy, in particular to compensate for distortions in measured values ​​caused by the pressure of the air flowing through the system. Using corresponding additional mechanisms, distortions in measured values ​​caused by the air resistance pressure during operation of the filter system can be compensated. This also allows for the determination of high filter occupancy rates for filter system operation at low volume flows, which would not trigger differential pressure monitoring of the filter during conventional filter monitoring. In particular, when the filter module is installed in the filter system housing, the weighing device can be in contact with the ground, thereby transferring the weight of the filter module to the ground. This allows for weight measurement of the filter module.

[0056] According to another exemplary embodiment, the filter module includes a receiving device configured to receive a unique ID, wherein the unique ID includes information about the location of use of the filter module. The receiving device can be configured to read the unique ID from a QR code, barcode, OCR font, or RFID tag. Furthermore, the receiving device can be configured to receive the unique ID via NFC, Bluetooth, WLAN, a proprietary protocol, or a protocol of a building management system (particularly LON or EIB). Based on the unique ID, the operation and / or configuration of the filter module can be adjusted.

[0057] In another particularly preferred embodiment, the unique ID contains information about the installation location of the filter module in the filter system. This ID allows preselection of the operating parameters required for a specific operation from the preconfigured operating modes of the filter system or filter module, or retrieval of stored system configuration data. In particular, when using an encrypted protocol, this avoids reconfiguration when replacing filters, enabling "plug and play." The corresponding data can be transferred from the filter system or filter module during replacement or via the cloud. The unique ID can be transmitted to the filter system using mechanisms such as QR codes, barcodes, OCR fonts (and their successors for machine-readable fonts), RFID, NFC, Bluetooth, WLAN, proprietary protocols, or protocols for building management systems (e.g., LON, EIB). This mechanism also makes it possible to provide a filter system in which functions are enabled only if a portion of the unique ID is included in the agreed scope of delivery.

[0058] According to another exemplary embodiment, the filter module has a transmission device for transmitting filter-related data, wherein the transmission device is configured to transmit the data using RFID, NFC, Bluetooth, WLAN, or a building management technology protocol. Based on this data, a warning signal can be generated by the control unit and / or measures can be taken, particularly regarding the throughput of the filter module.

[0059] The transmitting device can be, for example, an antenna or a conductor-based system that signals the ventilation system that it is ready to receive data from the filter. This data can include not only parameters related to the airborne contaminants in the air but also information and details about the filter modules. For example, the volume of air passing through the filter module or filter system can be adjusted based on the performance of the filter module used. Furthermore, a signal can be emitted when the filter module's operating time or occupancy density is exceeded, which can be interpreted as a maintenance signal or used as a control signal to reduce the air flow rate. One design variant of the transmitting device can be an RFID transponder (which, for example, also contains the filter data in encrypted form). Other communication mechanisms, such as NFC, Bluetooth, and WLAN, can also be used. In addition to proprietary protocols, the bus systems of building management systems (LON, EIB, etc.) can also be used for wired communication. This mechanism can be used, in particular, to indicate the expiration date of reagents in sample collection or in the sample chamber according to the present invention and to respond accordingly.

[0060] According to another exemplary embodiment, the analysis region includes multiple throughflow regions that can be selectively controlled so that the throughflow regions can be independently activated at predetermined times and for predetermined throughflow durations. This allows a binary tree to be formed based on the throughflow measurement results for each throughflow region at the predetermined times. The data of the measured parameters of the airborne species in the throughflow regions indicate the airflow state over a time range and for state changes during the throughflow duration of the throughflow region. Due to the additional time dimension, different states and state changes for the airborne species over a specific time range can be depicted in the data matrix or binary tree.

[0061] Especially when the filter module remains in the facility for a long time, it is of interest to be able to determine when a certain foreign matter load has been reached. This can be achieved, for example, by means of an embodiment of a filter module with selectively flow-through areas, which release chambers at time intervals and seal other chambers again. As a special variant, a binary release (1) or closure (0) of a chamber can also be achieved. Thus, for example, a quantitative analysis of the corresponding binary trees at various points in time through the flow-through areas and their reconstruction can yield a finer resolution of the foreign matter load of the air or of the accompanying substances in the air. In particular, energy for selectively closing and opening the flow-through areas can be obtained from the air flow.

[0062] According to another exemplary embodiment, the analysis region is arranged more than 0.5 cm, in particular more than 1 cm, further in particular more than 2 cm or more than 8 cm from the edge of the filter body or the supporting frame acting as an external airflow restriction, so that no edge effects with airflow turbulence occur in the analysis region.

[0063] According to another exemplary embodiment, the filter body has a plurality of filter layers, particularly in the filter area, which are arranged sequentially in the direction of air flow through the filter, wherein, in particular, the first filter layer facing the air supply side filters coarser particles than at least one of the second filter layers following the first filter layer in the direction of flow. This allows coarser particles to be filtered first, while smaller particles flow through the first layer and are only filtered out later in the finer layers. This results in a uniform distribution of particles in the filter body along the direction of air flow.

[0064] According to another exemplary embodiment of the filter system, the control unit includes a visualization unit configured to visualize an analysis of the air quality and airborne particles, in particular at a location of the relevant filter system depending on the location. Furthermore, the control unit is configured to generate treatment recommendations based on the analysis of the air quality and the airborne substances.

[0065] In a particularly preferred embodiment, multiple filter modules are interconnected so that they clean the air from a single building section. These filter modules have corresponding additional retrofit devices that allow them to exchange detailed air quality data and thus visualize air quality measurement data at at least one location or initiate actions based on it. Both primary ventilation filters and secondary ventilation filter systems can be networked and interact with each other. In particular, location-dependent air quality can be visualized, recommendations for treatment can be issued, or measures can be initiated (e.g., "Conference Room 2 has poor air quality" or "Air quality is low, please turn the fan up one level").

[0066] According to another exemplary embodiment, the filter system includes a flow control device, such as a fan or other flow generator. The flow control device allows the flow rate of the air through the filter body and the air pressure of the air on the supply side of the filter body to be regulated. The flow control device is configured to separately regulate the pressure drop difference between the supply side and the exhaust side in the filter area and the analysis area, respectively, in particular by means of a mechanical and / or electromechanical flow control system, so that a constant volume flow rate through the filter area and through the analysis area can be set, in particular based on subsequent adaptation according to measurement data.

[0067] For example, the flow control system has a mechanical cross-sectional variation of the inlet in the analysis area, taking into account the pressure drops in the filtration area and the analysis area, so that the air flow fraction in the analysis area remains similar and representative of the air flow fraction in the filtration area. The pressure drop in the analysis area can be adaptively adapted to the pressure drop in the filtration area.

[0068] The control unit can, for example, take into account the pressure drop in the analysis area in the measurement data. Furthermore, the analysis can be performed over a wide range of pressure drops, for example by taking the pressure difference into account in the post-processing of the measurement data by the control unit (e.g., by permanently recording the pressure difference and taking this data into account in the evaluation).

[0069] According to another exemplary embodiment of the filtration system, the flow control device can set the volume flow rate in the range of 0.1 to 5.0 m / s, in particular 0.3 m / s to 2.8 m / s and / or set the pressure drop on the filter body to below 250 Pa, in particular below 150 Pa, in particular below 60 Pa in at least one operating mode.

[0070] According to another exemplary embodiment, the flow control device controls the airflow so that in a pressure drop range of 50Pa to 450Pa between the air supply side and the exhaust side of the filter body, the airflow composition in the analysis area changes by less than 25%, in particular less than 10%, and preferably less than 4% relative to the composition in the filtration area.

[0071] The solution according to the invention is particularly suitable for bag filters in primary ventilation systems and large-area filter modules in secondary ventilation systems. In both application variants, the filters are used in a pressure drop range of 50 to 450 Pascals. It is precisely this large pressure drop range that is a challenge according to the invention, because the following problems arise when such a filter system is to perform filtering and analysis functions. Since the pressure drop in the analysis area is the result of different measures compared to those in the filter area, different characteristic curves from pressure drop to volume flow are usually obtained (if no corresponding compensation is provided). However, many measurement methods are based on constant flow. This can be achieved by deliberately keeping the flow cross section small over a sufficient length. This makes it possible to achieve Reynolds numbers Re exceeding 2000 even at very low pressure drops. krit .

[0072]

[0073] A higher pressure difference then leads to a sudden change in the turbulent flow and an exponentially increasing resistance increase in the supply, which has a stabilizing effect on the air throughput. In quantitative measurement methods, this stabilization can lead to erroneous measurements because, given a high pressure drop, a larger portion of the total air volume flow flows through the filtration area than through the analysis area. This can be counteracted by a parallel measurement of the pressure drop and a corresponding correction of the measured values. Alternatively, the filter design can be designed so that the filter in the filtration area also exhibits a similar behavior to the volume flow restriction in the analysis area.

[0074] According to the present invention, this can be achieved in the filter design by controlling the airflow or by designing the filter material accordingly. In a pure filter, poor throughflow does not play a significant role during the filter's downtime. Areas with greater throughflow initially fill with filtered particles, which in turn increases the flow resistance in these areas, so that areas previously less throughflowed are preferentially throughflowed and the filter fills accordingly. According to the present invention, the filter is designed to have a greater filtration capacity in the filter area than is actually required for the downtime. This results in a smaller increase in pressure drop during the filter's downtime (i.e., the filter then needs to be replaced due to expired [service life] rather than due to excessive occupancy leading to a high ΔP).

[0075] The solution according to the present invention structurally ensures that the analysis region contains components representative of the airflow content even under varying pressure conditions. The analysis region is formed in a region of the cross-section through which the flow passes and which exhibits uniform laminar flow. In particular, in edge regions (especially due to a certain roughness in the airflow guidance) or around edges and airflow deflections, the transition from laminar to turbulent flow occurs very quickly. This, due to the centrifugal forces acting (as described above), leads to an inhomogeneous solids content in the air.

[0076] It should be noted that the embodiments described herein are only a limited selection of possible embodiment variants of the present invention. Therefore, the features of the various embodiments can be combined with each other in a suitable manner so that a large number of different embodiments can be considered as obvious to those skilled in the art using the embodiment variants specified here. In particular, some embodiments of the present invention are described using device claims, and other embodiments of the present invention are described using method claims. However, it will be immediately clear to those skilled in the art after reading this application that, unless otherwise expressly stated, in addition to the combination of features belonging to one type of inventive subject matter, any combination of features belonging to different types of inventive subject matter is also possible. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0077] In order to further explain and better understand the present invention, embodiments will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:

[0078] Figure 1 A filtration system having a filtration module according to an exemplary embodiment is shown.

[0079] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a filter material for a filter body according to an exemplary embodiment is shown.

[0080] Figure 3 A schematic diagram showing a wave shape of a filter material according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0081] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a filtration module having multiple analysis regions according to an exemplary embodiment is shown.

[0082] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a sample chamber with a selectively closable structure is shown according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0083] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of a filter system with a filter module and a plurality of filter bodies according to an exemplary embodiment is shown.

[0084] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of a filter body with an air guiding device according to an exemplary embodiment is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0085] Identical or similar components in different figures are provided with the same reference symbols. The representation in the figures is schematic.

[0086] Figure 1 A filter system 150 with filter modules 100 according to an exemplary embodiment is shown. The filter system 150 has a control unit 130 and at least one filter module 100 for exchanging analysis data required to support an analysis of airborne substances and / or air quality.

[0087] Filter module 100 is configured to filter air 101 of at least a portion of a building or air 101 of an exhaust air purification unit of a production process. Filter module 100 can be replaceably arranged in filter system 150 and includes a filter body 110 configured to filter air 101 as it flows through. Filter body 110 includes a filter region 111, which filters airborne substances from the flowing air 101, and an analysis region 112, which is configured to support analysis of airborne substances and / or air quality. Filter body 110 is configured such that, at a volume flow rate through filter body 110 of 0.1 m / s to 5.0 m / s, the pressure drop of the air flowing through filter body 110 is less than 450 Pa. The filtration region 111 is configured such that, with a pressure drop across the filtration module 100 ranging from 10 Pa to 450 Pa, the composition of the airflow in the analysis region 112 varies by less than 40% relative to the composition in the filtration region 111, and wherein the analysis region 112 is configured relative to the filtration region 111 such that the air 101 in the analysis region 112 contacts more than 90% of the same airborne concomitant species in the filtration region 111.

[0088] The filter system 150 has a housing in which the filter module 100 is arranged. The filter module 100 according to the present invention is arranged replaceably in the filter system 150. For example, corresponding guide rails can be provided along which the filter module can be pushed in the insertion direction 107 into the operating position within the filter system 150.

[0089] Filter system 150 includes a flow control device 140, such as a fan or other flow generator. Flow control device 140 can be used to regulate the flow rate of air 101 through the filter body and the air pressure of air 101 at the air supply side 102 of filter body 110. Flow control device 140 is configured to individually set the pressure drop difference between the pressure p1 on the air supply side 102 and the pressure p2 on the air discharge side 103 in filter region 111 and analysis region 112, particularly by means of a mechanical and / or electromechanical flow control system, so that a constant volumetric flow rate can be maintained through filter region 111 and, in particular, through analysis region 112 based on subsequent adaptation according to measurement data.

[0090] The filter module 100 has a flat filter material fixed in a surrounding support frame. The filter module 100 can be configured as a bag filter, wherein a plurality of bags 114 of filter material are fixed in the support frame and an air flow is introduced into the bags 114 to filter the inflowing air 101.

[0091] The filter module 100 has, in particular, a filter region 111 which takes over the function of filtering the air 101 . Furthermore, the filter module 100 according to the invention has an analysis region 112 which is designed to assist in the analysis of the air 102 .

[0092] The analysis area 112 is at a sufficient distance from the supporting frame of the filter module 100 or from the edge of the flow channel in which the filter module 100 is arranged in the filter system 150 to thus avoid edge flow characteristics which would lead to a different composition of the air particles of the air or a different pressure drop of the air 101 relative to, for example, the central filter area.

[0093] The analysis area includes a sensor element 113 for measuring at least one parameter of airborne substances and / or air quality in the air 101. Sensor element 113, integrated into analysis area 112, can provide direct measurement of foreign matter or groups of foreign matter in the airflow. Sensor element 113, for example, comprises a MEMS sensor. Furthermore, sensor element 113 can be configured in particular to enable Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and / or near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. Sensor element 113 can, for example, be a resistive sensor for measuring airborne substances and / or air quality. For example, a triggering substance can also be used to measure the presence of certain foreign matter in the air 101.

[0094] The filter module 100 has a communication unit 122 for transmitting data about airborne substances and / or air quality, for example, to a control unit 130 of the filter system 150, in particular for controlling the filter module 100. The communication unit 122 is configured to transmit information about airborne substances and / or air quality to the control unit 130 or also to transmit control signals to the control unit 130, which can be generated based on measured parameters, for example, in order to generate a control signal associated with an advisory signal (alarm signal) or an air flow control signal.

[0095] The filter module 100 (in an embodiment with wired communication) further includes a coupling element 106 that is mechanically and / or electrically coupled to the analysis region 112 and can be coupled to a connection portion of the filter system 150. The coupling element 106 is particularly configured to provide a removable coupling between the analysis region 112 and the connection portion of the filter system 150. Furthermore, the coupling element 106 is particularly configured to automatically establish a coupling between the connection portion of the filter system 150 and the analysis region 112 when the filter module 100 is introduced into the operating position of the filter system 150. The coupling element 106 is disposed on the exhaust side 103 of the filter body 110. The coupling element 106 is particularly disposed on the filter module 100, for example, on its supporting frame, so that when the filter module 100 is in the operating position of the filter system 150, it can be coupled to a corresponding coupling element of the filter system 150.

[0096] The filter module 100 also has a weighing device 108, which is configured to weigh the filter occupancy, in particular to compensate for distortions in measured values ​​caused by the pressure of the air 101 flowing through the system. When the filter module 100 is installed in the housing of the filter system 150, the weighing device 108 is in contact with the ground and thus transfers the weight of the filter module 100 to the ground. This allows the weight of the filter module 100 to be measured.

[0097] Filter module 100 has an optional receiving device 120 configured to receive a unique ID, wherein the unique ID contains information about the location where filter module 100 is used. Receiving device 120 can be configured to read the unique ID from a QR code, barcode, OCR font, or RFID tag. Furthermore, receiving device 120 can be configured to receive the unique ID via NFC, Bluetooth, WLAN, a proprietary protocol, or a building management system protocol (particularly LON or EIB). Based on the unique ID, the operation and / or configuration of filter module 100 can be adjusted. For example, the unique ID contains information about the installation location of filter module 100 in filter system 150. This ID allows for preselection of operating parameters required for a specific operation from preconfigured operating modes of filter system 150 or filter module 100, or for retrieval of stored system configuration data.

[0098] The filter module 100 also has an optional transmission device 121 for transmitting filter-related data. The transmission device 121 is configured to transmit the data using RFID, NFC, Bluetooth, WLAN, or a building management technology protocol. Based on this data, a warning signal can be generated by the control unit 130 and / or measures can be taken, particularly regarding the throughput of the filter module 100.

[0099] Transmitter 121 can be, for example, an antenna or a conductor-based system that signals the ventilation system or filter system 150 that it is ready to receive data from filter module 100. Such data can not only relate to parameters related to the airborne substances of air 101, but can also contain information and details about filter module 100. Thus, for example, the air volume flowing through filter module 100 or filter system 150 can be adapted to the performance of the filter module 100 used. Furthermore, if the operating time of filter module 100 or the occupancy density is exceeded, a signal can be emitted, which can be interpreted as a maintenance signal or used as a control signal to reduce the air throughput.

[0100] The analysis region 112 is arranged in particular more than 0.5 cm from the edge of the filter body 110 or the supporting frame serving as an outer flow restriction, so that no edge effects with air flow turbulence occur in the analysis region 112 .

[0101] The control unit 130 may have a visualization unit configured to visualize the analysis of the air quality and airborne particles or airborne substances, in particular depending on the position of the associated filter system 150. Furthermore, the control unit 130 is configured in particular to generate treatment recommendations based on the analysis of the air quality and airborne substances.

[0102] Figure 2A schematic diagram shows a filter material for a filter body 110 according to an exemplary embodiment. Filter body 110, in particular, has multiple filter layers in filter area 111. These filter layers are arranged one after the other in the direction of flow of air 101 through the filter. In particular, the first filter layer facing the air supply side 102 performs a coarser filter than at least one second filter layer following the first filter layer in the direction of flow. This allows coarser particles to be filtered out first, while smaller particles flow through the first layer and are filtered out later in the finer layers.

[0103] The filter body 110 or the layer comprises, in particular in the filter region 110 , a fleece as filter material, wherein the fleece comprises, in particular, a complete layer or a plurality of layers.

[0104] The filter body 110 has at least two fleece layers 201 , 203 and a filter membrane 202 arranged between the fleece layers, wherein the fleece layers 201 , 203 are arranged one on top of the other in a third direction z to form a layer composite, wherein in particular the middle filter membrane 202 of the layer composite has a larger surface than the two outer fleece layers 201 , 203 .

[0105] The intermediate filter membrane 202 has corrugated sections arranged sequentially along the first direction x.

[0106] Figure 3 A schematic diagram showing a wave shape of a filter material according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0107] The corrugation segments extend irregularly and asymmetrically relative to each other in a plane. Filter body 110 is arranged so that air can flow through filter body 110 in a first direction x or in a second direction y. For example, the x direction is the inflow direction of air 101, and the corrugation segments extend transversely to the first direction x in the second direction y. The asymmetry in the arrangement and shape of the corrugations can be used to dampen vibrations.

[0108] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a filtration module 100 having multiple analysis regions 112 is shown according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0109] The analysis region 113 can be flowed through continuously or discontinuously. Thus, for example, in the case of a discontinuous flow to the analysis region 112, this analysis region can be selectively covered and can only be flowed through by the air flow at a measuring time. The analysis region 112 has a collection volume for airborne substances. The analysis region 112 can, for example, each form a bag or a bag in which a collection volume is constructed. Accordingly, air particles or other airborne substances can be collected therein and can be analyzed later, for example when the filter module 100 is removed. Furthermore, according to an exemplary embodiment, the sensor element 113 (see Figure 1) can be installed in the collection volume to allow analysis of the captured airborne species.

[0110] Each of the analysis regions 112 may have an adhesion region for the adhesion and accumulation of airborne substances. For example, adhesion can be achieved by defining the pore size of a filter material in the analysis region 112, or by using a certain adhesive-like substance to which airborne particles in the air adhere. One of the analysis regions 112 may have a reaction region for reacting and converting airborne substances and / or air components.

[0111] Figure 5 A schematic diagram shows a selectively closable sample chamber 501 through which air can be selectively passed to filter airborne substances or airborne particles, particularly enabling delayed sample collection. Sample chambers 501 can be distributed or arranged collectively in specific areas of filter body 110 or within filtration area 111. Sample chambers 501 are arranged so that, according to the present invention, the volumetric flow rate is between 0.1 m / s and 5.0 m / s, and the pressure drop of air flowing through filter body 101 is less than 450 Pa. Furthermore, sample chambers 501 are constructed and arranged so that, for a pressure drop across the filter module ranging from 10 Pa to 450 Pa, the airflow composition in sample chamber 501 in analysis area 112 varies by less than 40% relative to the composition in filtration area 111. Furthermore, sample chambers 501 in analysis area 112 are configured relative to filtration area 111 so that more than 90% of the air in the sample chambers is exposed to the same airborne substances or airborne particles as in filtration area 111.

[0112] The sampling device 501 arranged in the analysis area 112 can be arranged to be replaceable. A collection volume for airborne substances is formed in the sampling device 501. The sampling device 501 is particularly sealable to partially, completely, and / or selectively seal the collection volume. For example, the sampling device 501 can be sealed after a certain time interval in which the airborne substances are collected in the collection volume. Subsequently, the sampling device 501 can be removed and the captured air particles or liquids can be analyzed in an external laboratory.

[0113] The sampling device 501 has, for example, a closure mechanism, such as a closure element 502 (eg a closable flap). The respective opening and closing of the sampling device 501 can be controlled, for example, by the control unit 130 of the filtration system 150.

[0114] By means of the closure element 502, the sample chambers 501 can be selectively flowed through, for example by making one or selected sample chambers 501 accessible to the air flow in a time-dependent manner. Alternatively, an air guidance system consisting of air lines and control valves can be used to specifically guide the air flow to a specific sample chamber 501 at a specific time.

[0115] By means of sample chamber 501, a large number of flow-through analysis regions 112 are formed. These flow-through analysis regions 112 can be selectively controlled so that flow can flow through each of them independently at predetermined points in time and for predetermined flow-through durations. This results in a binary tree being formed based on the flow measurement results for each of the flow-through analysis regions 112 at the predetermined points in time. The data of the measured parameters of the airborne substances in the flow-through analysis regions 112 indicate the state of the airflow over a certain time range and the changes in the state over the flow duration through the flow-through analysis regions 112. Due to the additional time dimension, different states and changes in the state of the airborne substances over a specific time range can be depicted in the data matrix or binary tree.

[0116] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of a filter system 150 according to an exemplary embodiment is shown, comprising a filter module 100 and a plurality of filter bodies 110, 610. The filter bodies 110, 610 each consist of, for example, a bag filter or a hose filter, wherein at least one filter body 610, for example, consists solely of an analysis region 112 configured for analyzing airborne substances and air quality. For example, at least one filter body 610 consists solely of an analysis region 112 having a power supply unit 611, which is specifically designed to provide power for the intended service life of the filter module 100. In the exemplary embodiment, the filter module 100 comprises filter bodies 110, 610 arranged one after the other in series.

[0117] The energy or power generation unit 611 is configured, for example, to obtain energy, for example by means of the air flow 101 flowing through the filter module 100 and / or by means of electromagnetic waves, which energy is used in particular for the operation of the analysis region 112 .

[0118] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of a filter body 110 with an air guiding device 702 according to an exemplary embodiment is shown. The air guiding device 702 has air paths that form the air supply side 102 and / or the air outlet side 103 of the filter body 110, wherein the air guiding device 702 is particularly designed to be replaceable in the filter body 110. The air paths thus lead through the analysis area 112. Thus, the air paths guide the air 101, for example, to a measuring device of the filter system 150, wherein the filter module 100 can be replaced independently of the measuring device. In particular, intermediate materials with filter properties or active agents can be arranged in the air paths.

[0119] Analysis area 112 also includes an air guide area 701 for discharging the air flow from filter body 110. For example, air guide area 701 can be configured in a conical or funnel-shaped manner to absorb air from flowing air 101 and convey it to a desired location in another pipeline system outside filter module 100. For example, the air can be collected in a collection container of filter system 150 and provided for further analysis. Air guide device 701 can also guide air to a removable sample chamber 501, where, for example, airborne substances can be collected.

[0120] Additionally, it should be noted that "comprising" does not exclude other elements or steps, and "a" or "an" does not exclude a plurality. Furthermore, it should be noted that features or steps described with reference to one of the above embodiments may also be used in combination with other features or steps of other embodiments described above. Reference numerals in the claims should not be construed as limiting.

[0121] Reference Signs List

[0122] 100 filter modules

[0123] 101 Air

[0124] 102 air supply side

[0125] 103 exhaust side

[0126] 104 Energy Supply Unit

[0127] 105 Signal Connection

[0128] 106 Connecting elements

[0129] 107 Push direction

[0130] 108 weighing device

[0131] 110 filter body

[0132] 111 Filter Area

[0133] 112 Analysis Area

[0134] 113 sensor element

[0135] 114 filter bags

[0137] 120 receiving device

[0138] 121 Transmitter

[0139] 122 Communication Unit

[0140] 130 control unit

[0141] 140 Flow Control Device

[0142] 150 Filtration System

[0143] 201 outer fleece layer

[0144] 202 filter membrane

[0145] 203 outer fleece layer

[0146] 501 Sampling device / sample chamber

[0147] 502 Closure element

[0148] 610 Another filter

[0149] 611 Power Supply Unit

[0150] 701 Air Guidance Area

[0151] 702 Air guide device

[0152] x first direction

[0153] y Second direction

[0154] z third direction

[0155] p1 Pressure on the supply side

[0156] p2 Pressure on the exhaust side

Claims

1. A filter module (100) for filtering the air (101) of at least a part of a building or the air (101) of an exhaust gas purification unit of a production process, in, The filter module (100) is replaceably arranged in the filter system (150). The filter module (100) comprises a filter body (110), wherein the filter body (110) is configured to filter the air (101) when the air (101) flows through the filter body (110), wherein the filter body (110) comprises: a filter area (111) for filtering airborne substances in the air (101) flowing through, and an analysis area (112) configured to support analysis of the airborne substances and / or air quality, The filter body (110) is configured such that when the volume flow rate through the filter body (110) is 0.1 m / s to 5.0 m / s, the pressure drop of the air flowing through the filter body (110) is less than 450 Pascals. wherein the filter region (111) is configured such that, when the pressure drop on the filter module (100) ranges from 10 Pa to 450 Pa, the air flow composition in the analysis region (112) varies by less than 40% relative to the composition in the filter region (111); and The analysis region (112) is constructed relative to the filter region (111) such that the air (101) in the analysis region (112) contacts more than 90% of the same airborne substances in the filter region (111).

2. The filter module (100) according to claim 1, in, The analysis region (112) has a collection volume for airborne substances.

3. The filtration module (100) according to claim 2, further comprising: a sampling device, which is arranged in the analysis region (112) in an especially replaceable and / or removable manner and forms the collection volume therein, Therein, the sampling device is in particular sealable in order to partially, completely and / or selectively seal the collection volume.

4. The filter module (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, in, The analysis region (112) has a adhesion region for the adhesion and / or accumulation of airborne substances.

5. The filter module (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, in, The analysis region (112) has a reaction region for the reaction and conversion of airborne substances and / or air components.

6. The filter module (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, in, The analysis region (112) has an air guiding region for discharging an air flow from the filter body (110).

7. The filter module (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, in, The analysis region (112) has a sensor element (113) for measuring at least one parameter of the airborne substance and / or of the air quality.

8. The filter module (100) according to claim 5, in, The sensor element (113) has a MEMS sensor. The sensor element (113) is particularly configured such that the sensor element (113) can be used for Fourier transform infrared spectrometer analysis FTIR and / or near infrared spectroscopy analysis.

9. The filter module (100) according to claim 7 or 8, in, The sensor element (113) has a resistance sensor for measuring the airborne substance and / or the air quality, and / or The sensor element (113) has a microphone which is configured to detect a noise level in a room, so that the number and the volume of voices of people speaking in the room can be determined by measuring and evaluating the noise level in the room.

10. The filtration module (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 9, further comprising: A communication unit (122) is used to transmit data related to the airborne substances and / or the air quality to a control unit (130) of the filter system (150), in particular to control the filter module (100).

11. The filter module according to any one of claims 1 to 10, in, The filter body (110) has a plurality of analysis regions (112).

12. The filter module (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 11, in, The analysis region (112) is configured to indicate the presence of a substance class, wherein the analysis region (112) is configured to filter and collect airborne substances from the air (101), and / or wherein the analysis area (112) is configured to store a sample of the airborne substance, In this case, sorbitol and / or activated carbon are in particular provided in the analysis region ( 112 ) for preservation.

13. The filtration module (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 12, further comprising: The energy generation unit (104) is configured to obtain energy by means of an airflow flowing through the filter module (100) and / or by means of electromagnetic waves, wherein the energy is particularly used for the operation of the analysis region (112).

14. The filter module (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 13, in, The analysis area (112) has a plurality of sample chambers through which the air (101) can selectively flow in order to filter out airborne substances, in particular to enable delayed sample collection.

15. The filter module (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 14, in, The filter body (110), in particular in the filter area (111), comprises a fleece as filter material. In this case, the fleece has in particular a whole layer or a plurality of layers, The filter body (110) is arranged in the filter module (100) in a particularly replaceable manner. In this case, the fleece is in particular designed as a disposable filter.

16. The filter module (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 15, in, The filter region (111) and the analysis region (112) can be arranged in parallel in the air flow, so that the filter module (100) can be configured as part of a secondary filter system and / or the filter module (100) can be configured as part of a bag filter.

17. The filter module (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 16, in, The air (101) flowing into the analysis area (112) can be controlled so that the flow rate and / or the pressure difference of the air (101) in the filtration area (111) and the analysis area (112) can be adjusted, in particular the pressure difference can be controlled or adjusted.

18. The filter module (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 17, in, The analysis region (112) can be flowed through continuously or discontinuously.

19. The filter module (100) according to claim 18, in, In discontinuous operation, the analysis region (112) can be activated with a time duty ratio of less than 10:1, in particular less than 100:1, relative to the filter region (111), and / or The effective measuring time of a flow-through cycle of the filter body (110) is shorter than 10 ms, in particular shorter than 50 microseconds, particularly preferably shorter than 1 microsecond, and in particular is adjustable.

20. The filtration module (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 19, further comprising: A coupling element (106) is mechanically and / or electrically coupled to the analysis region (112) and is capable of being coupled to a connection portion of a filtration system (150). wherein the coupling element (106) is particularly configured to provide a detachable connection between the analysis region (112) and a connection portion of the filter system (150), The coupling element (106) is particularly designed such that, when the filter module (100) is introduced into an operating position in the filter system (150), a coupling can be automatically produced between a connection of the filter system (150) and the analysis region (112). The connecting element (106) is in particular arranged on the exhaust gas side (103) of the filter body (110).

21. The filtration module (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 20, further comprising: at least one further filter element (110), in particular consisting of a bag filter or a hose filter, wherein at least one filter body (610) consists only of an analysis region (112), and the analysis region (112) is configured to analyze the airborne substances and the air quality, In particular, at least one filter body (110) consists only of an analysis region (112) having a power supply unit (611), wherein the power supply unit (611) is particularly designed to be able to provide power within a predetermined service life of the filter module (100).

22. The filter module (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 21, in, The filter body (110), in particular in the filter area (111), comprises at least two fleece layers (201, 203) and a filter membrane (202) arranged between the fleece layers (201, 203), wherein the fleece layers (201, 203) are arranged one on top of another to form a layer composite. In this case, the middle filter membrane (202) of the layer composite has in particular a larger surface than the two outer fleece layers (201, 203).

23. The filter module (100) according to claim 22, in, The first direction and the second direction define a plane, The intermediate filter membrane (202) is configured to have corrugated sections, such that the corrugated sections are arranged in sequence along a first direction. The corrugation segments extend irregularly and asymmetrically relative to one another in particular in a plane, and The filter body (110) is arranged such that the air (101) can flow through the filter body (110) in a first direction or in a second direction.

24. The filter module (100) according to claim 23, The filter body (110) has a thickness of 2 mm to 10 mm, in particular 3 mm to 7 mm, in the filter region (111), and / or in, The number of corrugation segments is between 0.5 and 3 corrugations per centimeter.

25. The filter module (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 24, in, The filter area (111) is constructed of a hydrophobic filter material, and / or Wherein, the filter area (111) is constructed of natural fibers, and / or The filter area (111) comprises polyolefin, in particular polypropylene, and / or Wherein, the filter area (111) contains cellulose, cotton and / or hemp.

26. The filter module (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 25, in, The analysis area (112) has an air guiding device, which is particularly designed to form an air path to the air supply side (102) and / or the air exhaust side (103) of the filter body (110). The air guiding device is designed in particular to be replaceable in the filter body (110).

27. The filtration module (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 26, further comprising: A weighing device (108) is provided to weigh the occupancy of the filter, in particular to enable compensation of distortions of the measured values ​​due to the pressure of the air (101) flowing through the system.

28. The filtration module (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 27, further comprising: A receiving device (120) is configured to receive a unique ID, wherein the unique ID has information about the usage location of the filtering module (100), wherein the receiving device (120) is configured to read the unique ID from a QR code, a barcode, an OCR font or an RFID tag, and / or The receiving device (120) is designed to receive the unique ID via NFC, Bluetooth, WLAN, a proprietary protocol or a building management system protocol, in particular LON or EIB, Wherein, the operation and / or configuration of the filtering module (100) can be adjusted based on the unique ID.

29. The filtration module (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 28, further comprising: A sending device (121) is used to send data related to the filter body, The sending device (121) is configured to send data by means of RFID, NFC, Bluetooth, WLAN or building management technology protocols. In this case, based on the data, a warning signal can be generated by the control unit (130) and / or measures can be taken, in particular in relation to the throughput through the filter module (100).

30. The filter module (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 29, in, The analysis area (112) has a plurality of flow-through areas, which can be selectively controlled so that the plurality of flow-through areas can flow independently of each other at a predetermined time point and within a predetermined flow duration, so that a binary tree is formed based on the measurement results of the flow of each flow-through area at a predetermined time.

31. The filter module (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 30, in, The analysis region (112) is arranged more than 0.5 cm, in particular more than 1 cm, further in particular more than 2 cm from an edge of the filter body (110) serving as an outer air flow restriction.

32. The filter module (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 31, in, The filter body (110), in particular in the filter area (111), has a plurality of filter layers, the plurality of filter layers being arranged in sequence along a flow direction of the air through the filter, In particular, a first filter layer facing the air supply side (102) filters more coarsely than at least one of the second filter layers following the first filter layer in the flow direction.

33. The filter module (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 32, in, The filter body (110) has a bag filter, a cartridge filter, a hose filter, a candle filter, a compact filter or a HEPA filter.

34. A filtration system (150), comprising: a control unit (130), and at least one filter module (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 33, At least one filter module (100) is connected to the control unit (130) for exchanging analysis data required to support analysis of airborne substances and / or air quality.

35. The filtration system (150) according to claim 34, in, The control unit (130) has a visualization unit, which is configured to visualize the analysis of the air quality and the airborne substances, in particular depending on the position of the associated filter system (150), Therein, the control unit (130) is particularly configured to generate treatment recommendations based on the air quality and the analysis of the airborne substances.

36. The filtration system (150) according to claim 34 or 35, further comprising: Flow control device (140), The flow rate of the air (101) passing through the filter body (110) and the air pressure of the air (101) on the air supply side (102) of the filter body (110) can be adjusted by means of the flow control device (140). The flow control device (140) is configured to separately adjust the pressure drop difference between the supply side (102) and the exhaust side (103) in the filter area (111) and the analysis area (112), respectively, in particular by means of a mechanical and / or electromechanical flow control system, so that a constant volume flow through the filter area (111) and through the analysis area (112) can be adjusted based on subsequent adaptation according to measurement data.

37. The filtration system (150) according to claim 36, in, The flow control device (140) is configured to set the volume flow rate within a range of 0.1 to 5.0 m / s, in particular 0.3 m / s to 2.8 m / s and / or to set the pressure drop on the filter body (110) to be lower than 250 Pa, in particular lower than 150 Pa, in particular lower than 60 Pa in at least one operating mode.

38. The filtering system (150) according to claim 36 or 37, in, The flow control device (140) controls the air flow so that the pressure drop between the air supply side (102) and the exhaust side (103) of the filter body (110) ranges from 50 Pa to 450 Pa, and the air flow composition in the analysis area (112) varies by less than 25%, in particular less than 10%, and preferably less than 4% relative to the air flow composition in the filtration area (111).

39. Method for filtering the air (101) of at least a part of a building or the air (101) of an exhaust air purification unit of a production process using a replaceable filter module (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 33.

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