Thin film with asymmetric grin optical element for use in eyeglasses or other ophthalmic lenses

Abstract

A thin film (1), an ophthalmic lens comprising the thin film (1), an eyeglass comprising the ophthalmic lens comprising the thin film (1), and a method of manufacturing the thin film (1) are described. The thin film (1) has a base refractive index and comprises at least one gradient-index optical element (7a, 7b) having an asymmetric refractive index profile.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present disclosure relates to thin films comprising at least one gradient-index optical element having an asymmetric refractive index profile for application to ophthalmic lenses. The present disclosure also relates to ophthalmic lenses comprising such thin films, and to methods of manufacturing such thin films. BACKGROUND

[0002] Many people, including children and adults, require ophthalmic lenses to correct myopia, and many adults require ophthalmic lenses to correct presbyopia (age-related inability to accommodate and thus to focus on near objects). Ophthalmic lenses can also be required to correct hyperopia, astigmatism, or keratoconus (a condition in which the cornea gradually protrudes to form a cone shape).

[0003] Without optical correction, a myopic eye focuses incoming light from a distant object to a location in front of the retina. Thus, the light converges towards a plane in front of the retina, then diverges away from that plane, and is out of focus by the time it reaches the retina. Conventional lenses for correcting myopia, such as eyeglass lenses and contact lenses, reduce the convergence of incoming light from a distant object before it reaches the eye (for contact lenses) or cause it to diverge (for eyeglass lenses), so that the position of the focal point is shifted onto the retina.

[0004] In presbyopia, the lens is unable to change shape effectively to accommodate near objects, and thus a person with presbyopia cannot focus on near objects. Conventional lenses for correcting presbyopia, such as eyeglass lenses and contact lenses, include bifocal or progressive lenses, which include regions optimized for near vision and regions optimized for distance vision. Presbyopia can also be treated using bifocal or multifocal lenses or single-vision lenses in which a different prescription is provided for each eye, one eye being provided with a distance-vision lens and one eye being provided with a near-vision lens.

[0005] It has been proposed several decades ago that the progression of myopia in children or young adults can be slowed or prevented by undercorrection, i.e. shifting the focal point towards the retina but not completely onto the retina. However, this method necessarily results in a decrease in distance vision compared to the vision obtained with a lens that fully corrects myopia. Furthermore, it is now suspected that undercorrection is not effective in controlling developing myopia. A newer approach is to provide lenses with both regions that provide full correction for distance vision and regions that undercorrect or intentionally induce myopic defocus. Lenses can also be provided that increase scattering of light in certain regions compared to light that passes through the fully corrected regions of the lens. It has been proposed that these methods can prevent or slow the development or progression of myopia in children or young adults while providing good distance vision.

[0006] In the case of lenses having regions that provide defocus, the region that provides full correction of hyperopia is often referred to as the base power region, and the region that provides undercorrection or intentionally induces myopic defocus is often referred to as the add power region or myopic defocus region (because the refractive power is more positive or less negative than the refractive power of the hypercorrection base power region). The surface (usually the front surface) of the add power region has a smaller radius of curvature than the radius of curvature of the hypercorrection base power region, and thus provides more positive or less negative refractive power to the eye. The add power region is designed to focus incoming parallel light (i.e., light from far away) within the eye in front of the retina (i.e., closer to the lens), while the hypercorrection base power region is designed to focus light and form an image at the retina (i.e., farther from the lens). When the lens wearer is viewing a near target and using accommodation to focus light through the hypercorrection base power region, the add power region will focus light in front of the retina.

[0007] In the case of lenses that increase light scatter in a particular region, the scattering features can be introduced into the lens surface or can be introduced into the material used to form the lens. For example, scattering elements can be created into the lens surface by thermal or mechanical or light-induced methods, or embedded in the lens. The scattering elements can be, for example, laser-induced material changes to form optical elements embedded in the lens material.

[0008] A known type of contact lens that reduces myopia progression is a bifocal contact lens available under the name MISIGHT (CooperVision, Inc.). This bifocal lens differs from bifocal or multifocal contact lenses configured to improve the vision of presbyopic wearers in that it is configured with specific optical dimensions to enable the accommodated person to use the hypercorrection (i.e., base power) for viewing both distant and near objects. The treatment zone of the bifocal lens with add power also provides myopic defocus images at both distant and near viewing distances.

[0009] While these lenses have been found to be beneficial in preventing or slowing the development or progression of myopia, the annular add power region can create unwanted visual side effects. Light focused in front of the retina by the annular add power region diverges from the focal point to form a defocus ring at the retina. Thus, the wearer of these lenses can see a ring or ‘halo’ around the image formed on the retina, especially for small bright objects (e.g., street lights and car headlights). Furthermore, in theory, the wearer can use the extra annular add power region to focus on near objects, rather than using the natural accommodation of the eye (i.e., the natural ability of the eye to change focus); in other words, the wearer can inadvertently use the lens in the same way as a presbyopic corrective lens, which is undesirable for young subjects.

[0010] Further lenses have been developed which can be used to treat myopia. In these lenses, the annular region is configured so that a single axis on image is not formed in front of the retina, thereby preventing this image from being used to focus on near targets and avoiding the need for eye accommodation. Instead, a distant point source is imaged by the annular region into a ring of focal lines at the add power focal surface for myopia, while resulting in a small spot size of light on the retina at the hyperopic focal surface without a surrounding 'halo' effect.

[0011] For the treatment of myopia, it has been recognised that it can be beneficial to provide a lens which introduces additional myopic defocus. For the treatment of presbyopia, it can be beneficial to provide a lens which creates an extended depth of focus.

[0012] It has been recognised that known lenses which include a treatment portion for introducing defocus are generally designed to provide a specific treatment to the lens wearer. The lenses can be expensive and complex in design, and over time, if the needs of the lens wearer change, they can need to purchase a different lens which provides a different level of correction.

[0013] The present invention seeks to provide a simple and cost effective alternative to known lenses for use in the prevention or slowing of the progression of myopia. Such lenses can also be beneficial in correcting or improving vision associated with presbyopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, keratoconus or other refractive abnormalities. SUMMARY

[0014] According to a first aspect, the disclosure provides a film for use in an ophthalmic lens according to claim 1.

[0015] According to a second aspect, the disclosure includes an ophthalmic lens according to claim 19.

[0016] According to a third aspect, the disclosure includes eyeglasses according to claim 22.

[0017] According to a fourth aspect, the disclosure includes a method according to claim 23.

[0018] Of course it will be appreciated that features described in relation to one aspect of the disclosure can be incorporated into other aspects of the disclosure. For example, the methods of the disclosure can incorporate features described in relation to the apparatus of the disclosure and vice versa. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0019] Example embodiments will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying schematic drawings.

[0020] Figure 1A is a top view of a film according to an embodiment of the disclosure;

[0021] Figure 1B is Figure 1Atop view of one of the GRIN optical elements of the thin film of

[0022] Figure 1C is a perspective view of the GRIN optical element shown in Figure 1A

[0023] Figure 1D is a chart showing the refractive index profile of the GRIN optical element shown in Figure 1B and 1C

[0024] Figure 1E is a cross-sectional view of the thin film of Figure 1A

[0025] Figure 2A is a top view of the thin film according to another embodiment of the disclosure;

[0026] Figure 2B is a perspective view of the GRIN optical element shown in Figure 2A

[0027] Figure 2C is a perspective view of the GRIN optical element shown in Figure 2B

[0028] Figure 2D is a top view of one of the GRIN optical elements of the thin film of Figure 2A

[0029] Figure 2E is a perspective view of the GRIN optical element shown in Figure 2D

[0030] Figure 2F is a chart showing the refractive index profile of the GRIN optical element shown in Figures 2B to 2E

[0031] Figure 2G is a cross-sectional view of the thin film of Figure 2A

[0032] Figure 3A is a top view of the thin film according to an embodiment of the disclosure;

[0033] Figure 3B is a top view of one of the GRIN elements shown in Figure 3A

[0034] is a chart showing the refractive index profile of the GRIN element shown in Figure 3C Figure 3B ​​​​​​​​​​The diagram shows the circumferential refractive index distribution of one of the GRIN optical elements.

[0035] Figure 3D It is used in ophthalmic lenses. Figure 3A A cross-sectional view of the thin film;

[0036] Figure 4 This is a front view of a pair of eyeglasses including lenses according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0037] Figure 5A This is a top view of a thin film according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0038] Figure 5B It is used in ophthalmic lenses. Figure 5A A cross-sectional view of a small portion of the thin film; and

[0039] Figure 6 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for manufacturing a thin film according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Detailed Implementation

[0040] According to a first aspect, this disclosure provides a thin film for use in ophthalmic lenses, wherein the thin film has a basic refractive index and includes at least one gradient refractive index optical element having an asymmetric refractive index distribution.

[0041] The film can be used to prevent or slow the development or progression of myopia. The film can also be used to correct or improve vision associated with presbyopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, keratoconus, or another refractive abnormality.

[0042] The film may be a cross-linked polymer film. The film may be a thin film. The film may have been formed from a matrix of uncross-linked polymers. The film may be... HX film. The film can have a uniform thickness.

[0043] The fundamental refractive index of the thin film can be uniform. The fundamental refractive index of the thin film can be between 1.3 and 1.8, preferably about 1.5. Each of at least one GRIN optical element can have an average refractive index greater than the fundamental refractive index. Alternatively, each of at least one GRIN optical element can have an average refractive index less than the fundamental refractive index.

[0044] In the context of the present disclosure, each of the at least one GRIN optical element is an element having a varying and asymmetric refractive index profile in a plane parallel to the surface of the film. Each element can be substantially cylindrical, or cylindrical with an elliptical or oval cross-section, and can have its cylindrical axis perpendicular to the plane of the layer. Each element can be substantially spherical or cubic. Each element can have a circular, elliptical, oval or square cross-section in a plane parallel to the surface of the film. Each element can have a circular, elliptical, oval or square cross-section and a flat surface flush with the surface of the layer. In embodiments of the present disclosure, the refractive index variation across the at least one GRIN optical element will be asymmetric in at least one lateral direction, i.e. a direction extending parallel to the surface of the layer.

[0045] The asymmetric refractive index variation can be a radial refractive index variation, i.e. the refractive index can vary radially outwards from a point at the centre of the GRIN optical element and in a plane parallel to the surface of the film, i.e. a lateral plane. The asymmetric refractive index variation can be in a circumferential direction, i.e. the refractive index can vary around the circumference of the GRIN element in a plane parallel to the surface of the film, and the refractive index variation can be different along different meridians of the GRIN optical element.

[0046] The asymmetric refractive index variation can be a variation in a linear direction parallel to the surface of the film.

[0047] Advantageously, the GRIN optical element can provide a defocus. It is believed that a defocus can help to prevent or slow the progression of myopia. It is believed that a defocus can help to correct or improve vision associated with presbyopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, keratoconus or other refractive abnormalities. The GRIN optical element can be arranged so that it provides a random refractive index modulation across the film, thereby increasing the spread of light across the retina and reducing image contrast.

[0048] The refractive index variation of any of the at least one GRIN optical element can be defined by an asymmetric polynomial function.

[0049] The film can have a film axis that extends in a direction substantially normal to the plane of the film. If the film has a circular cross-section, the film axis can be at the radial midpoint of the film, or the film axis can be towards the radial midpoint of the film. The film axis can be the optical axis of the film. The optical axis of the film can be defined with reference to a distant point light source that lies on the optical axis of the film. Light from a distant point source that lies on the optical axis of the film and that passes through a region of the film having a base refractive index will be focused to a point on the optical axis of the film. Due to the asymmetric refractive index profile of the GRIN optical elements, light from a distant point source on the optical axis of the film that passes through one of the GRIN optical elements of the film having a base refractive index will be focused towards a point that is a first distance from the optical axis of the film. Thus, incoming light from a distant point source that is incident on at least one gradient index optical element in a direction substantially normal to the plane of the film is focused in a direction that is not normal to the plane of the film.

[0050] Each of the at least one GRIN optical elements is a lens that has its own local optical axis. Due to the asymmetric refractive index profile, the local optical axis of each of the at least one GRIN optical elements is tilted with respect to the optical axis of the film. The local optical axis of each of the at least one GRIN optical elements is defined with reference to a distant point light source. Light from a distant point source on the local optical axis of a GRIN optical element, which can be referred to below as an on-axis distant point source, will be focused to the local optical axis of the GRIN optical element. Light from a distant point source on the optical axis of the film that passes through each of the GRIN optical elements will be focused to a point on the local optical axis of the GRIN element. A GRIN optical element that has an asymmetric refractive index variation in a direction parallel to the surface of the film, i.e. a lateral direction, will have a local optical axis that is tilted with respect to the optical axis of the lens, and thus, light from a distant point source on the optical axis of the film that passes through each of the GRIN optical elements will be focused to a point that is a first distance from the optical axis of the film. The power of each of the GRIN optical elements will depend on the refractive index profile of the GRIN optical element.

[0051] The film can be configured on a surface of an ophthalmic lens, which can be referred to below as a lens. The lens can be a lens for preventing or slowing the progression of myopia. The lens can be a lens for correcting or improving vision associated with presbyopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, keratoconus, or another refractive anomaly.

[0052] The ophthalmic lens will have an optical axis. When a film according to embodiments of the disclosure is applied to an ophthalmic lens, the optical axis of the lens-film combination can be affected by the optical properties of the film. In the following, where reference is made to the film when it has been applied to a lens, and where reference is made to the optical axis of the lens, the optical axis will be the optical axis of the lens when considered in conjunction with the film.

[0053] The thin film can be configured on a surface of the lens such that light from a distant point source on the optical axis of the lens that passes through the region of the thin film having the substantially refractive index is focused toward a point on the optical axis of the lens and light from the distant point source on the optical axis of the lens that passes through the at least one gradient refractive index optical element is focused toward a point that is a first distance from the optical axis.

[0054] The optical axis of the lens can be defined with reference to a distant point light source that is located on the optical axis of the lens. Light from a distant point source that is located on the optical axis of the lens (which can be referred to hereinafter as an on-axis distant point source) will be focused onto the optical axis of the lens. The optical axis can be along the centerline of the lens. For example, when the lens is a contact lens, the optical axis is typically along the centerline of the lens. However, the optical axis can of course not be along the centerline of the lens; this can be the case for eyeglasses lenses, where the position of the optical axis of the lens will be determined by the pupil distance of the wearer, which can not coincide with the centerline of the lens depending on the geometry of the lens.

[0055] When the thin film is applied to the lens, light from the on-axis distant point source that passes through the region of the thin film having the substantially refractive index can be focused to a focal point on the optical axis of the lens at a substantially dioptric power focal surface. The substantially dioptric power focal surface can be defined as a surface that is perpendicular to the optical axis of the lens and that passes through the focal point of the lens. As used herein, the term surface does not refer to a physical surface, but rather to a surface that can be drawn through the points that will focus light from a distant object. This surface is also referred to as the image plane (even though it can be a curved surface) or the image shell. The eye focuses light onto a curved retina, and in a perfectly focusing eye, the curvature of the image shell will match the curvature of the retina. Thus, the eye does not focus light onto a flat mathematical plane. However, in the art, the curved surface of the retina is often referred to as a plane. When the thin film is applied to the lens, light from the on-axis point source that passes through the thin film is focused to a focal point on the optical axis of the lens at a substantially dioptric power focal surface. Due to the asymmetric refractive index profile, when the thin film is applied to the lens, light from the on-axis distant point source that passes through the at least one GRIN optical element will be directed toward a point that is not on the optical axis of the lens (i.e., an off-axis focal point).

[0056] When the thin film is applied to the lens, the local optical axis of each of the at least one GRIN optical element is tilted with respect to the optical axis of the lens due to the asymmetric refractive index profile. A GRIN optical element that has an asymmetric refractive index variation in a direction that is parallel to the surface of the thin film (i.e., a transverse direction) will have a local optical axis that is tilted with respect to the optical axis of the lens, and thus, light from the on-axis distant point source that passes through each of the GRIN optical elements will be focused to a point that is a first distance from the optical axis of the lens. The power of each of the GRIN optical elements will depend on the refractive index profile of that GRIN optical element.

[0057] Any or all of the at least one GRIN optical element can be configured such that, when the film is applied to the lens, light from an on-axis far point source passing through the GRIN optical element forms a small spot at the substantially refractive power focal plane centered on the optical axis of the lens. Thus, although each of the GRIN optical elements can focus light toward an off-axis focal point, the approximate superposition of the image formed by light passing through the region of the lens having a substantially refractive index and the defocused image formed by light passing through the GRIN optical element can improve the quality or contrast of the image formed at the retina and can improve the vision of the lens wearer. Alternatively, any or all of the at least one GRIN optical element can be configured such that, when the film is applied to the lens, light from an on-axis far point source passing through the GRIN optical element does not intersect the optical axis of the lens at the substantially refractive power focal plane. This can result in a decrease in contrast or image quality of the image formed at the retina, which can be advantageous in reducing myopia progression.

[0058] The film can include a plurality of GRIN optical elements. The film can include a plurality of GRIN elements randomly distributed across the film. The plurality of GRIN elements can be randomly distributed across a portion of the film. The film can include a plurality of GRIN optical elements arranged to form at least one annular ring. The at least one annular ring can be circular, oval, or elliptical in shape. The at least one annular ring can be centered on a film axis, where the film axis extends in a direction substantially perpendicular to the plane of the film. When the film is applied to the lens, the film can be configured such that the at least one annular ring is centered on the optical axis of the lens. The film can include at least two concentric annular rings positioned at different radial distances from the film axis. The film can be configured on the lens such that the plurality of GRIN optical elements can be arranged to form at least two concentric annular rings positioned at different radial distances from the optical axis of the lens.

[0059] The GRIN optical elements can be positioned at regular intervals across the entire film or a portion of the film. The GRIN optical elements can be arranged on the lattice points of a triangular lattice. The GRIN optical elements can be arranged on the lattice points of a square or rectangular lattice.

[0060] The GRIN optical elements can be arranged to form an annular pattern on the film. The annular pattern can leave a central region of the film free of GRIN optical elements. The film can have a central region having a diameter of up to 8 mm that is free of GRIN optical elements. When the film is applied to the lens, the film can be configured such that the annular pattern leaves a central region of the lens free of GRIN optical elements. The lens can have a central region having a diameter of up to 8 mm that is free of GRIN optical elements. The annular pattern can include a single ring or a plurality of concentric rings.

[0061] The film can include at least one second annular ring of GRIN optical elements. The second annular ring of optical elements can be positioned at a different radial distance from the film axis. When the film is applied to the lens, the film can be configured such that the second annular ring of optical elements is at a second different radial distance from the film axis.

[0062] At least two of the GRIN optical elements can be substantially identical, i.e., they can have the same size and shape, and they can have the same asymmetric refractive index profile.

[0063] When the film is applied to the lens, the at least two GRIN optical elements can focus light from an on-axis distant point source toward a point that is not on the optical axis of the lens and that lies on the same focal surface. The refractive index profiles of the at least two GRIN elements can vary such that, when the lens including the film is positioned on the eye, light from the on-axis distant point source that passes through the GRIN optical elements will lie at a surface that is closer to the back surface of the lens than the basic refractive power focal surface. The refractive index profiles of the at least two GRIN elements can vary such that, when the lens including the film is positioned on the eye, light from the on-axis distant point source that passes through the GRIN optical elements will be focused at a surface that is farther from the back surface of the lens than the basic refractive power focal surface.

[0064] Substantially identical GRIN optical elements positioned at the same radial distance from the film axis, e.g., GRIN optical elements arranged in a circular concentric ring centered on the film axis, can focus light toward an off-axis point that is equidistant from the film axis or the optical axis of the film. When the film is applied to the lens, substantially identical GRIN optical elements positioned at the same radial distance from the optical axis of the lens, e.g., GRIN optical elements arranged in a circular concentric ring centered on the optical axis, can focus light toward an off-axis point that is equidistant from the optical axis of the lens and that lies on the same focal surface. Thus, the focal points formed by light passing through these GRIN optical elements can form a circular ring at the focal surface. Similarly, substantially identical GRIN optical elements can be arranged to form an elliptical or oval ring centered on the film axis. When the film is applied to the lens, the focal points formed by light passing through these GRIN optical elements from an on-axis distant point source can form an elliptical or oval ring at the focal surface. The film can be arranged on the surface of the lens such that light from a distant point source on the optical axis of the lens that passes through regions of the film having a basic refractive index is focused toward a point on the optical axis of the lens, and light from a distant point source on the optical axis of the lens that passes through at least one annular ring of gradient index optical elements forms an annular ring of focal points at the focal surface.

[0065] At least two of the GRIN optical elements can have different asymmetric refractive index profiles. In this case, at least two of the GRIN optical elements will have different local optical axes. When the film is applied to a lens, for a first and second GRIN element having different refractive index profiles and positioned at the same radial distance from the optical axis of the lens, light from an on-axis distant point source passing through the first GRIN optical element can be focused to a point a first distance from the optical axis of the lens, and light from the on-axis distant point source passing through the second GRIN optical element can be focused to a point a second, different distance from the optical axis of the lens. The focal point of each of the GRIN optical elements will depend on the asymmetric refractive index profile of the GRIN element, and the position of the GRIN optical element.

[0066] At least two of the GRIN optical elements having different refractive index profiles can focus light toward different focal planes when the film is applied to a lens.

[0067] Each of the plurality of GRIN optical elements can have a different refractive index variation. Alternatively, some of the GRIN optical elements can have the same refractive index variation, and others can have a different refractive index variation. The plurality of GRIN optical elements can be distributed such that GRIN optical elements having the same or similar refractive index variations can be grouped in clusters or in an ordered arrangement. The film can be divided into a plurality of distinct sections, where each section includes GRIN optical elements having the same or similar refractive index variations.

[0068] There can be a correlation between the refractive index profile of each of the at least one GRIN optical element and the radial position of the component from the film axis. GRIN optical elements positioned at the same radial distance from the film axis (e.g., positioned around a circular ring centered on the film axis) can have the same refractive index profile. GRIN elements positioned at different radial distances from the film axis can have different refractive index profiles.

[0069] A GRIN optical element positioned at a greater radial distance from the film axis can have a refractive index profile that results in a greater power compared to a GRIN optical element positioned at a smaller radial distance from the film axis.

[0070] When the film is applied to a lens and when this lens is in use, a GRIN optical element positioned at a greater radial distance from the optical axis of the lens substrate can focus light from an on-axis distant point source toward a surface closer to the back surface of the lens substrate compared to a GRIN optical element positioned at a smaller radial distance from the optical axis of the lens substrate.

[0071] The film can include GRIN optical elements forming a first annular ring, and these GRIN elements can have a first refractive index profile. The film can include GRIN elements forming a second annular ring, and these GRIN elements can have a second, different refractive index profile. The first annular ring can be at a smaller radial distance from the film axis than the second annular ring. When the film is applied to a lens, the first refractive index profile can cause the GRIN optical elements forming the portion of the first ring to focus light toward a first focal surface, and the second refractive index profile can cause the GRIN elements forming the second ring to focus light toward a second focal surface. When this lens is worn by a user, the first focal surface and / or the second focal surface can be closer to the back surface of the lens than the base focal surface. The first focal surface can be closer to the back surface of the lens than the second focal surface. The first focal surface can be farther from the back surface of the lens than the second focal surface.

[0072] The film can include GRIN optical elements forming a plurality of concentric annular rings. The GRIN optical elements within the same annular ring can have the same refractive index profile. The GRIN optical elements forming different annular rings can have different refractive index profiles. An annular ring located at a larger radial distance from the film axis can include GRIN elements having a refractive index variation that results in a larger power of the elements. When the film is applied to a lens and when the lens is in use, an annular ring located at a larger radial distance from the optical axis of the lens substrate can include GRIN elements that focus light toward a surface that is closer to the back surface of the lens than an annular ring located at a smaller radial distance from the optical axis of the lens. Alternatively, an annular ring located at a larger radial distance from the film axis can include GRIN elements having a smaller power. In this case, when the film is applied to a lens and when the lens is in use, an annular ring located at a larger radial distance from the optical axis of the lens can include GRIN elements that focus light toward a surface that is farther from the back surface of the lens than an annular ring located at a smaller radial distance from the optical axis of the lens.

[0073] Each of the at least one GRIN optical element can produce additional scattering of light incident on the GRIN optical element compared to light incident on the rest of the film.

[0074] Each of the at least one GRIN optical element can have a minimum refractive index difference of at least 0.001, preferably at least 0.005, compared to the base refractive index. Each of the at least one GRIN optical element can have a minimum refractive index that is greater than the base refractive index by 0.001. Each of the at least one GRIN optical element can have a minimum refractive index that is greater than the base refractive index by 0.005. Each of the at least one GRIN optical element can have a maximum refractive index that is less than the base refractive index by 0.005. Each of the at least one GRIN optical element can have a maximum refractive index that is less than the base refractive index by 0.001. Each of the at least one GRIN optical element can have a maximum refractive index difference of less than 0.1, preferably less than 0.025, compared to the base refractive index. Each of the at least one GRIN optical element can have a maximum refractive index that is greater than the base refractive index by 0.1. Each of the at least one GRIN optical element can have a maximum refractive index that is greater than the base refractive index by 0.025. Each of the at least one GRIN optical element can have a minimum refractive index that is less than the base refractive index by 0.1. Each of the at least one GRIN optical element can have a minimum refractive index that is less than the base refractive index by 0.025. Each of the at least one GRIN optical element can have a minimum refractive index that is equal to the base refractive index. Each of the at least one GRIN optical element can have a minimum refractive power between -25D and +25D, preferably between -0.25D and +25.0D. For a film for use in preventing or slowing the development or progression of myopia, each GRIN optical element can have a minimum refractive power between -0.25D and +25.0D. For a film for use in preventing or slowing the development or progression of hyperopia, each GRIN optical element can have a minimum refractive power between 0.0 and -25.0D.

[0075] The film has a finite thickness, and each of the at least one GRIN optical element can extend through the thickness of the film. Each of the at least one GRIN optical element can extend only half way through the thickness of the film. Each of the at least one GRIN optical element can be embedded within the film. The thickness of the film can be uniform. Each of the at least one GRIN optical element can be embedded within the film without changing the thickness of the film. Each of the at least one GRIN element can have a uniform thickness. Each of the at least one GRIN element can have a flat surface that is flush with a surface of the film.

[0076] The film can be a cross-linked polymer film that includes the at least one GRIN optical element. The film can have been formed from a matrix of uncross-linked polymer.

[0077] The film can be reusable, such that the film can be easily removed and reapplied to the same substrate or a different lens substrate.

[0078] The thin film can have a uniform thickness.

[0079] The thin film can be a flexible transparent thin film. For contact lenses, the thin film can have a thickness between 1 pm and 100 pm, preferably between 10 pm and 20 pm, and more preferably between 14 pm and 18 pm. For eyeglass lenses, the thin film can have a thickness between 1 pm and 1000 pm, preferably between 10 pm and 20 pm, and more preferably between 14 pm and 18 pm.

[0080] Each of the at least one GRIN optical element can have a width between 1 pm and 5 mm, preferably between 10 pm and 2 mm. Each of the at least one GRIN optical element can have a volume between 1 pm 3 and 5 mm 3 , preferably between 10 pm 3 and 2 mm 3 . The plurality of GRIN optical elements can occupy between 5% and 80% of the volume of the thin film. The plurality of GRIN optical elements can cover between 20% and 80% of the surface area of the thin film. The thin film can include between 2 and 5000 GRIN optical elements.

[0081] The thin film can be sized and / or shaped to cover the entire surface of the lens, or substantially cover all of the surface of the lens. Alternatively, the thin film can be sized and / or shaped and cover a portion of the surface of the lens. When the thin film is applied to the lens, the thin film can be configured to cover a central portion of the surface of the lens, for example, the portion that is positioned in front of the eye of the lens wearer when the ophthalmic lens is in use. The thin film can be configured to cover an annular region of the surface of the lens around the center. There can be a peripheral region of the lens that is not covered by the thin film.

[0082] When the thin film is applied to the lens, the thin film can be configured to cover a portion of the annular region of the lens. It can be that the thin film does not cover a central region of the lens, and thus the central region can not have a GRIN optical element. The thin film can cover all of the annular region or a portion of the annular region. As used herein, the term annular region refers to a region of the lens that can extend around the entire outer edge of the central region or can extend partially around the outer edge of the central region. The annular region of the lens can be circular, oval, or elliptical in shape. The annular region of the lens can include a plurality of GRIN optical elements. The plurality of GRIN optical elements can be distributed around the entire annular region, or can be distributed across a portion of the annular region.

[0083] The thin film can include a plurality of concentric annular regions separated radially by regions of the thin film having a substantially refractive index.

[0084] The at least one GRIN optical element can be a photo-cured GRIN optical element. In the context of the present disclosure, a photo-cured GRIN optical element is a GRIN optical element that has been formed by photo-curing or photo-polymerization. A photo-cured GRIN optical element can be produced from photo-polymerizable or photo-curable molecules or other photo-curable elements. Photo-curing results in an asymmetrically varying refractive index across the photo-cured region. The photo-curable molecules can be dispersed within a thin film. The photo-curable molecules can be dispersed within a cross-linked polymer matrix, or within a resin.

[0085] The thin film can include a tacky surface for adhering the thin film to a surface of the ophthalmic lens. The adhesive can include a transparent adhesive, such as an epoxy-based adhesive. The adhesive can be a tacky layer.

[0086] According to a second aspect, the present disclosure provides an ophthalmic lens comprising a thin film. The thin film can include any of the features set out above. The ophthalmic lens, which can be referred to hereafter as a lens, can be a lens for preventing or slowing the progression of myopia. The lens can be a lens for correcting or improving vision associated with presbyopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, keratoconus, or another refractive anomaly.

[0087] The thin film can cover an entire surface of the lens, or substantially all of a surface of the lens. Alternatively, the thin film can cover a portion of a surface of the lens. The thin film can cover a central portion of a surface of the lens, such as a portion configured to be located in front of an eye of a lens wearer when the ophthalmic lens is in use. There can be a peripheral region of the lens that is not covered by the thin film.

[0088] The lens can be an eyeglass lens. For eyeglass lenses, it can be advantageous to distribute the GRIN optical elements across a relatively large area of the lens, as this can enable maintaining the defocus caused by the GRIN optical elements as the eye of the lens wearer moves relative to the lens. Multiple GRIN optical elements distributed across an eyeglass lens can enable maintaining a consistent myopic defocus. The eyeglass lens can comprise PMMA, CR-39, polycarbonate, Trivex, or crown glass.

[0089] The ophthalmic lens can be a contact lens. The thin film can be disposed on an anterior surface of the ophthalmic lens. In the context of the present disclosure, the anterior surface of the ophthalmic lens is the anterior-facing or outer surface of the lens when the ophthalmic lens is worn by a lens wearer.

[0090] The ophthalmic lens can be a circular shape. The ophthalmic lens can be an elliptical shape. The ophthalmic lens can be an oval shape. The ophthalmic lens can be a rectangular shape. The ophthalmic lens can be a square shape. The anterior surface of the ophthalmic lens can have a diameter of between 1200 mm 2 and 3000 mm 2between 750 mm2and 7500 mm2. The ophthalmic lens can be formed of clear glass or rigid plastic, such as polycarbonate. The ophthalmic lens can be substantially planar and can have at least one curved surface that provides the lens with refractive power.

[0091] The lens can be a contact lens. As used herein, the term contact lens refers to an ophthalmic lens that can be placed on the anterior surface of an eye. It will be appreciated that such a contact lens will provide a clinically acceptable on-eye movement and not bind with one or both eyes of a person. The contact lens can be in the form of a corneal lens, e.g., a lens that rests on the cornea of an eye. In embodiments where the lens is a contact lens, the lens can have a surface area between 60 mm2and 750 mm2. The lens can have a circular shape. The lens can have an oval shape. The lens can have an elliptical shape. The lens can have a diameter between 10 mm and 15 mm. 2 between 750 mm2and 7500 mm2. The ophthalmic lens can be formed of clear glass or rigid plastic, such as polycarbonate. The ophthalmic lens can be substantially planar and can have at least one curved surface that provides the lens with refractive power. 2 between 750 mm2and 7500 mm2. The ophthalmic lens can be formed of clear glass or rigid plastic, such as polycarbonate. The ophthalmic lens can be substantially planar and can have at least one curved surface that provides the lens with refractive power.

[0092] The lens can be a hard contact lens. The lens can be a hard high oxygen permeability contact lens.

[0093] The contact lens can be a toric contact lens. For example, the toric contact lens can include an optic zone shaped to correct for astigmatism of a person. The lens can be a scleral contact lens.

[0094] The ophthalmic lens can be a soft contact lens, such as a hydrogel contact lens or a silicone hydrogel contact lens.

[0095] Ophthalmic lenses can include an elastomeric material, a silicone elastomeric material, a hydrogel material, or a silicone hydrogel material, or a combination thereof. As understood in the field of contact lenses, a hydrogel is a material that retains water in equilibrium and does not have silicone-containing chemistry. A silicone hydrogel is a hydrogel that includes silicone-containing chemistry. As described in the context of this disclosure, a hydrogel material and a silicone hydrogel material have an equilibrium water content (EWC) of at least 10% to about 90% (wt / wt). In some embodiments, a hydrogel material or a silicone hydrogel material has an EWC of from about 30% to about 70% (wt / wt). In contrast, as described in the context of this disclosure, a silicone elastomeric material has a water content of from about 0% to less than 10% (wt / wt). Typically, a silicone elastomeric material used with the methods or devices of this disclosure has a water content of from 0.1% to 3% (wt / wt). Examples of suitable lens formulations include lens formulations having the following United States Adopted Names (USAN): methafilcon A, ocufilcon A, ocufilcon B, ocufilcon C, ocufilcon D, omafilcon A, omafilcon B, comfilcon A, enfilcon A, stenfilcon A, fanfilcon A, etafilcon A, senofilcon A, senofilcon B, senofilcon C, narafilcon A, narafilcon B, balafilcon A, samfilcon A, lotrafilcon A, lotrafilcon B, somofilcon A, riorilcon A, delefilcon A, verofilcon A, kalifilcon A, lehfilcon A, and the like.

[0096] Alternatively, the ophthalmic lens can include, consist essentially of, or consist of a silicone elastomeric material. For example, the lens can include, consist essentially of, or consist of a silicone elastomeric material having a Shore A hardness of from 3 to 50. The Shore A hardness can be determined using conventional methods as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art (e.g., using method DIN 53505). Other silicone elastomeric materials can be obtained from, for example, NuSil Technology or Dow Chemical Company.

[0097] The film can be disposed on the front surface of the lens. The film can be disposed on the back surface of the lens. The film can be disposed on both the front and back surfaces of the lens. The film can be releasably adhered or otherwise applied to the lens, i.e., it can be easily removed from the lens. The film can be reusable, such that the film can be easily removed and reapplied to the same substrate or a different lens.

[0098] An ophthalmic lens can have an optical zone. The optical zone encompasses the portion of the lens that has optical functionality. The optical zone is configured to be positioned over or in front of the pupil of the eye when in use. The optical zone can be surrounded by a peripheral zone. The peripheral zone is not part of the optical zone, but is located outside of the optical zone. For contact lenses, the peripheral zone can be located over the iris when the lens is worn. The peripheral zone can provide mechanical functionality, for example, increasing the size of the lens, thereby making the lens easier to handle. For contact lenses, the peripheral zone can provide a weight that prevents rotation of the lens, and / or provide a shaped region that improves comfort for the lens wearer. The peripheral zone can extend to the edge of the lens. The film can cover the optical zone, but it can be that it does not cover the peripheral zone.

[0099] The lens can have a central region and an annular region surrounding the central region. When the film is applied to the lens, the film can cover a portion of the annular region. It can be that the film does not cover the central region, and thus the central region can not have a GRIN optical element. The film can cover all of the annular region or a portion of the annular region. As used herein, the term annular region refers to a region that can extend around the entire outer edge of the central region or can extend partially around the outer edge of the central region. The annular region can be circular, oval, or elliptical in shape. The annular region can include a plurality of GRIN optical elements. The plurality of GRIN optical elements can be distributed around the entire annular region, or can be distributed across a portion of the annular region.

[0100] The lens can further include an adhesive disposed between the film and the surface of the lens substrate. The adhesive can include a transparent adhesive, such as an epoxy-based adhesive. The adhesive can be an adhesive layer. The adhesive layer can be applied to the front surface of the lens substrate during manufacture of the lens. The adhesive can permanently adhere the layer to the surface of the lens. Alternatively, the film can be bonded to the surface of the lens. The film can be permanently or irreversibly bonded to the surface of the lens.

[0101] The lens can further include a protective layer disposed on the front surface of the film. The front surface of the film is the front-facing or outer surface of the film when the lens is in normal use and worn by the lens wearer. The film can include a substrate configured to provide the protective layer when the film is applied to the surface of the ophthalmic lens. The protective layer can cover all or part of the front surface of the film. The protective layer can be a transparent layer. The protective layer can include polycarbonate (PC). The protective layer can include polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or triacetate cellulose (TAC). The protective layer can include a substance having negligible birefringence. The protective layer can be water impermeable. The protective layer can be scratch resistant. The protective layer can have a base refractive index. The protective layer can provide a degree of UV protection. The protective layer can be adhered to the film using an adhesive.

[0102] According to a third aspect, the disclosure provides eyeglasses comprising an ophthalmic lens according to the second aspect. The ophthalmic lens can include any of the features set forth above.

[0103] According to a fourth aspect, the disclosure provides a method of manufacturing a film. The film can include any of the features set forth above. The method includes providing a photo-curable film, and photo-curing at least one region of the film using a digital light projection system, thereby creating at least one photo-cured gradient index optical element having an asymmetric refractive index profile.

[0104] In the context of the present disclosure, a photo-cured GRIN optical element is a GRIN optical element that has been formed by photo-curing or photopolymerization. The photo-cured GRIN optical element can be produced from photo-polymerizable or photo-curable molecules or other photo-curable elements. Photo-curing results in an asymmetrically varying refractive index across the photo-cured region. The photo-curable molecules can be dispersed within the film. The photo-curable molecules can be dispersed within a cross-linked polymer matrix, or within a resin.

[0105] In the context of the present disclosure, a digital light projection (DLP) system is an illumination system used to direct light towards a photo-curable film, thereby enabling photo-curing of regions of the film. The DLP system used has a wavelength suitable for photopolymerization or photo-curing of the target film material. For example, for a HX film, the DLP system can have a wavelength in the range between 440 nm and 660 nm. The pixel resolution of the DLP system can be less than 100 pm, preferably less than 30 pm, more preferably less than 10 pm. The DLP system can be a commercial DLP system, for example, a 3DLP 9000-LED.9” WQXGA light engine having a 460 nm wavelength and a 30 pm pixel resolution. The DLP system can include a microelectromechanical system (MEMS). The DLP system can include a digital mirror device. The digital mirror device can direct light, and / or control the transmission of light towards the film. HX film, the DLP system can have a wavelength in the range between 440 nm and 660 nm. The pixel resolution of the DLP system can be less than 100 pm, preferably less than 30 pm, more preferably less than 10 pm. The DLP system can be a commercial DLP system, for example, a 3DLP 9000-LED.9” WQXGA light engine having a 460 nm wavelength and a 30 pm pixel resolution. The DLP system can include a microelectromechanical system (MEMS). The DLP system can include a digital mirror device. The digital mirror device can direct light, and / or control the transmission of light towards the film.

[0106] The DLP system can be used to illuminate the entire film or a region of the film. The DLP system can be used to illuminate individual photo-curable elements or molecules, or multiple individual photo-curable molecules. The multiple individual photo-curable molecules can be photo-cured sequentially or simultaneously. The DLP system can be used to illuminate an annular region of the film or multiple concentric annular regions of the film.

[0107] Using a digital light projection system can include using a grayscale image to control the projection of light onto the film. The grayscale image can provide a template for projecting light from the DLP system onto the film. The grayscale image can be a.bmp image. The grayscale image can mask some regions of the film so that these regions are not exposed to light from the DLP system while at least one region of the film is exposed to light from the DLP system. The grayscale image can expose multiple regions to light from the DLP system. The regions of the film exposed to light from the DLP system can be photo-cured to produce photo-cured GRIN optical elements.

[0108] A method of fabricating a film can include generating a design for a film, where the design has a desired pattern of photo-cured GRIN optical elements having an asymmetric refractive index profile. The method can include generating a grayscale image using the design.

[0109] The grayscale image can be designed to produce any of the arrangements of photo-cured GRIN elements described above, where the GRIN optical elements have an asymmetric refractive index profile. The grayscale image can include a plurality of apertures that enable light from the DLP system to reach the film. The regions of the film illuminated by light from the DLP system can be photo-cured. The image can include a plurality of portions that block or mask light from reaching the film. The regions of the film that are not illuminated by light from the DLP system will not be photo-cured. The image can include a plurality of apertures arranged in a pattern. The desired pattern of photo-cured GRIN optical elements can be an array of GRIN optical elements arranged on a lattice of the film, and in this case, the image can include a plurality of apertures arranged on the lattice. The lattice can be a one triangular lattice, a square lattice, or a cubic lattice. Alternatively, the desired pattern of photo-cured gradient index optical elements can include at least one annular ring of photo-cured gradient index optical elements. The desired pattern of photo-cured gradient index optical elements can include a plurality of concentric annular rings of photo-cured gradient index optical elements.

[0110] The method can include modeling a desired asymmetric refractive index profile for each of the at least one photo-cured GRIN element, and determining at least one exposure condition needed to produce the desired asymmetric refractive index profile.

[0111] Modeling can be used to determine the intensity of exposure and / or the duration of exposure and / or the wavelength of exposure required to photo-cure a GRIN element having a desired asymmetric refractive index profile. The conditions can depend on the characteristics of the DLP system, e.g., the wavelength, intensity, and type of light source. The conditions can depend on the thin film properties, e.g., the thin film material and the thin film thickness. The modeling can be performed using any suitable modeling software, e.g., MATLAB TM ) The modeling can be performed using experimental (measured) data or theoretical (predicted) data. The predicted data can be based on known properties of the thin film material and / or the DLP system. The desired refractive index profile of each of the photo-cured GRIN elements can be defined by an asymmetric polynomial function, or can be approximated by an asymmetric polynomial function. The desired asymmetric refractive index profile can be modeled for a single photo-cured GRIN element or for multiple photo-cured GRIN elements. For a thin film comprising multiple GRIN optical elements, the desired asymmetric refractive index profile of each of the at least one photo-cured GRIN element can be the same, or each of the photo-cured GRIN elements can have a different desired asymmetric refractive index profile.

[0112] The modeling step can include measuring or plotting a desired refractive index variation map as a function of exposure conditions. The exposure conditions can be light intensity, duration of exposure, or light wavelength. The map can be generated as a map having a non-planar surface. The map can be generated as a 3D map. The map can be iteratively updated and / or optimized to produce a desired refractive index profile of a photo-cured GRIN optical element. The map can be a refractive index variation map for a single photo-cured GRIN optical element or for multiple photo-cured GRIN optical elements. The map can be used to generate a refractive index gradient pixel matrix for use in a DLP imaging system. The pixel matrix can identify the required exposure conditions for each pixel of the DLP imaging system to produce the required refractive index variation across the thin film. The refractive index gradient pixel matrix can be configured to produce a single photo-cured GRIN optical element, or between 2 and 5000 photo-cured GRIN elements distributed across the thin film. The refractive index gradient pixel matrix can be configured to produce photo-cured GRIN elements across between 20% and 80% of the area of the thin film.

[0113] The modeling step can include converting the refractive index variation map to a digital light projection intensity map. The digital light projection intensity map can be a pixel matrix for use in a DLP system. The digital light projection intensity map can be generated from the refractive index gradient pixel matrix. The digital light projection intensity map can be used when generating a grayscale image for use in a DLP system. The digital light projection intensity map can be used to determine the required exposure conditions for use in a DLP system. The DLP intensity map can be used to generate a.bmp image. The image can be an 8-bit image. The exposure conditions can depend on the thin film type, the required pattern or arrangement of photocured GRIN optical elements, the thin film properties, and the properties of the DLP imaging system. Thus, the digital light projection intensity map can be used to control the light projection onto the thin film by determining the required exposure conditions.

[0114] When converting the refractive index variation map to a digital light projection intensity map, the modeled desired refractive index distribution can result in an asymmetric refractive index distribution.

[0115] The desired refractive index distribution can result in an asymmetric refractive index distribution that varies in a radial direction in a plane parallel to the surface of the thin film. The desired refractive index distribution can result in an asymmetric refractive index distribution that varies in at least one linear direction parallel to the surface of the thin film. The desired refractive index distribution can result in an asymmetric refractive index distribution that varies in a circumferential direction in a plane parallel to the surface of the thin film.

[0116] The modeling step can include modeling at least two different desired refractive index distributions for at least two different photocured GRIN optical elements. The modeling step can include selecting a desired refractive index distribution for each of the at least one GRIN optical element depending on the location of the component within the desired pattern. If the desired pattern of GRIN optical elements includes a plurality of concentric annular rings of photocured gradient index optical elements, the modeling step can include selecting the same desired refractive index distribution for the GRIN optical elements forming the same annular ring. The modeling step can include selecting different desired refractive index distributions for the GRIN optical elements forming portions of different annular rings. The modeling step can include selecting a desired refractive index for each of the at least one GRIN optical element such that the GRIN optical elements located at the same radial distance from the thin film axis have the same desired refractive index distribution. The modeling step can include selecting a desired refractive index distribution for each of the at least one GRIN optical element such that the GRIN optical elements located at a greater distance from the thin film axis have a more asymmetric desired refractive index distribution. Alternatively, the modeling step can include selecting a desired refractive index distribution for each of the at least one GRIN optical element such that the GRIN optical elements located at a greater distance from the thin film axis have a more symmetric desired refractive index distribution.

[0117] The method can include exposing the film to light from the DLP using a grayscale image and / or a digital light projection intensity map to control the projection of light onto the exposure across the film. The method can include waiting for a minimum amount of time for the film to develop. The method can include, after waiting for the minimum time for the film to develop, flood curing or flood exposing the film using the DLP system or using a UV oven.

[0118] The DLP system can include optics that cause a non-linear intensity response. The method can involve determining whether there is a significant non-linear response at any or all pixels. If there is a significant non-linear response, the method can include adjusting the digital light projection intensity map to account for the non-linear response.

[0119] The desired refractive index profile of each of the at least one GRIN optical element can produce a photocured GRIN optical element having a diameter between about 1 pm and 5.0 mm. The modeled refractive index profile can be configured to produce at least one photocured GRIN optical element having a diameter between about 1 pm and 5.0 mm. The modeled refractive index profile can be optimized or iteratively optimized to produce at least one photocured GRIN optical element having a diameter between about 1 pm and 5.0 mm. The desired refractive index profile of each of the at least one photocured GRIN optical element can produce a photocured GRIN element having a volume between 1 pm 3 and 5 mm 3 The desired refractive index profile of each of the at least one photocured GRIN optical element can produce a photocured GRIN element having a volume between 1 pm

[0120] Figure 1A is a schematic top view of a film 1 comprising a plurality of photocured GRIN optical elements 7a, 7b having an asymmetric refractive index profile applied to an ophthalmic lens according to an embodiment of the disclosure. The GRIN optical elements 7a, 7b are arranged in concentric circles 9a, 9b (dashed lines 9a, 9b are provided as a guide to the eye and do not represent a structural feature of the film 1). The concentric circles are centered on a film axis 3, which extends in a direction substantially perpendicular to the plane of the film 1. Figure 1B is Figure 1A a top view of one of the GRIN optical elements 7a of the film 1 shown in Figure 1CThe same element 7a is shown in perspective view. Each of the GRIN optical elements 7a and 7b is substantially cylindrical in shape, having an elliptical cross-section in a plane parallel to the surface of film 1. Each of the GRIN optical elements 7a and 7b has a refractive index distribution that varies in both the radial and lateral directions in a plane perpendicular to the cylindrical axis of elements 7a and 7b (i.e., the plane parallel to the surface of film 1), resulting in an asymmetric refractive index distribution across elements 7a and 7b. The refractive index across the surface of element 7a varies in the plane perpendicular to the cylindrical axis of element 7a, radially outward from point 'X' in the plane parallel to the front surface of film 1, and laterally in the direction parallel to the front surface of film 1, indicated by arrow 'Y'. The refractive index distribution is constant (i.e., does not change) in the direction 'Z' parallel to the cylindrical axis of element 7a (see...). Figure 1C The refractive index variation has an asymmetric distribution in the direction 'Y', as shown in Figure 22. Figure 1D As shown in the image.

[0121] All GRIN optical elements 7a forming the inner circle 9a have the same refractive index distribution (e.g. Figures 1B to 1D (As shown in the figure) and all are positioned at the same radial distance from the film axis 3. Figure 1E Demonstrating the application of lens 5 Figure 1A A cross-sectional view of the thin film 1. The thin film axis 3 is aligned with the optical axis 2 of the lens 5. Due to the asymmetric refractive index distribution of the GRIN optical element 7a, when the thin film 1 is applied to the lens 5, the local optical axis of the GRIN element 7a will be tilted relative to the optical axis 2 of the lens 5. Light from the far-point source on the optical axis 2 of the lens 5 (hereinafter referred to as the on-axis far-point source) passing through the region of the thin film 1 with the basic refractive index is focused onto the light spot 11 on the optical axis 2. Light from the on-axis far-point source passing through the GRIN optical element 7a will be focused away from the optical axis 2 of the lens 5. Light from the on-axis far-point source passing through the GRIN optical element 7a forming the inner ring 9a will form a ring of focal points 15a and 15b at the focal plane 17. When lens 5 is worn by the wearer, the GRIN element 7a forming the inner ring 9a focuses light from the on-axis far point source toward the additional refractive power focal plane 17, which is closer to the posterior surface of lens 5 (i.e., further away from the retina, or closer to the cornea) than the fundamental refractive power focal plane 13. The local optical axis of each of the GRIN optical elements 7a intersects the optical axis 2 of lens 5, and light rays from the on-axis far point source passing through the GRIN optical element 7a forming the inner ring 9a are guided to form a small spot of unfocused light at the fundamental refractive power surface 13. This improves the quality of the image formed on the wearer's retina.

[0122] All GRIN optical elements 7b forming the outer ring 9b have the same characteristics as the GRIN element 7a forming the inner ring 9a (e.g.,Figure 1A and 1E (As shown in the figure) the same refractive index variation. All GRIN optical elements 7b forming the outer ring 9b are positioned at the same radial distance from the optical axis 2 and the thin film axis 3 of the lens 5, and at a greater radial distance from the optical axis 2 and the thin film axis 3 compared to the GRIN optical element 7a forming the inner ring 9a.

[0123] GRIN optical element 7b has the ability to focus light from an on-axis far-point source to form focal points 19a, 19b. Figure 1E The local optical axis of the rings (shown in the diagram). The rings of focal points 19a and 19b will have a larger radius than the rings of focal points 15a and 15b formed by light passing through the inner ring 9a of the GRIN optical element 7a. The refractive distribution of the GRIN optical element 7b forming the outer ring 9b is the same as the refractive index distribution of the GRIN optical element 7a forming the inner ring 9a. When the lens 5 is worn by the wearer, the GRIN optical element 7b forming the outer ring 9b will focus light toward the additional refractive power focal surface 17, which is the same as that of the GRIN element 7a forming the inner ring 9a. The local optical axis of each of the GRIN optical elements 7b intersects the optical axis 2 and the thin film axis 3 of the lens 5, and light rays from an on-axis far-point source passing through the GRIN optical element 7b forming the outer ring 9b are guided to form a small spot of unfocused light at the fundamental refractive power surface 13. This improves the quality of the image formed on the retina of the lens wearer.

[0124] Figure 2A This is a schematic top view of a thin film 101 comprising a plurality of photocured GRIN optical elements 107a, 107b having an asymmetric refractive index distribution, applied to an ophthalmic lens according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0125] GRIN optical elements 107a and 107b are arranged in concentric circles 109a and 109b (dashed lines 109a and 109b are provided as guides to the eye and do not represent structural features of the thin film 101). The concentric circles are centered on the thin film axis 103, which extends in a direction substantially perpendicular to the plane of the thin film 101. Figure 2B It is formed Figure 2A The top view of one of the GRIN optical elements 107a in the inner circle 109a of the GRIN optical element in the thin film 101 shown in the figure, and Figure 2C The same element 107a is shown in perspective.

[0126] Figure 2D It is formed Figure 2A The image shows a top view of one of the GRIN optical elements 107b, specifically the outer circle 109b of the GRIN optical element in the thin film 101. Figure 2E The same element 107b is shown in perspective.

[0127] All GRIN elements 107a forming the inner ring 109a have the same asymmetric refractive index distribution. All GRIN optical elements 107b forming the outer ring 109b also have the same refractive index variation, but these elements 107b have a different refractive index distribution than the GRIN optical elements 107a forming the inner ring 109a. Each of the GRIN optical elements 107a and 107b is substantially cylindrical in shape, having an elliptical cross-section in a plane parallel to the surface of the thin film 101. Each of the GRIN optical elements 107a and 107b has a refractive index distribution varying in both the radial and transverse directions in a plane perpendicular to the cylindrical axis of the elements 107a and 107b (i.e., a plane parallel to the surface of the thin film 101), resulting in an asymmetric refractive index distribution across the elements 107a and 107b. Figure 2C and 2E As shown, the refractive index of the surfaces across elements 107a and 107b varies in a plane perpendicular to the cylindrical axes of elements 107a and 107b, radially outward from point 'X' in a plane parallel to the front surface of film 101, and laterally in a direction parallel to the front surface of film 101, indicated by arrow 'Y'. The refractive index distribution is constant (i.e., does not change) in the direction 'Z' parallel to the cylindrical axis of element 107a. Figure 2F The diagram shows the refractive index variation of the two components in the direction 'Y'. The distribution 122a of the components 107a forming the inner circle 109a is shown by dotted lines, and the distribution 122b of the components 107b forming the outer circle 109b is shown by dashed lines.

[0128] Figure 2G Demonstrating the application of lens 105 Figure 2A A cross-sectional view of the thin film 101. The thin film axis 103 (dashed line) is aligned with the optical axis 102 (dashed line) of the lens 105. Light from a far-point source on the optical axis 102 of the lens 105, passing through a region of the thin film 101 with a basic refractive index, will be focused onto a light spot 111 on the optical axis 102.

[0129] Due to the formation of inner circle 109a (see...) Figure 2A All of the GRIN elements 107a in this part have Figure 2B , 2C And the same asymmetric refractive index distribution shown in 2F, and since it is located at the same radial distance from the optical axis 102, light passing through the GRIN optical element 107a from the on-axis far-point source will be focused away from the optical axis 102 and will form focal points 115a, 115b. Figure 2GThe GRIN optical elements 107b forming the outer ring 109b also all have the same refractive index variation, but these elements 107b have a different refractive index profile than the GRIN optical elements 107a forming the inner ring 109a. The GRIN optical elements 107b forming the outer ring 109b are all positioned at the same radial distance from the optical axis 102, and at a greater radial distance from the optical axis 102 than the GRIN optical elements 107a forming the inner ring 109a. The GRIN optical elements 107b forming the outer ring 109b (see FIG. 1C) have a different focal power than the GRIN optical elements 107a forming the inner ring 109a. The local optical axes of the GRIN optical elements 107b forming the outer ring 109b are more tilted with respect to the optical axis 102 of the lens 105 than the local optical axes of the GRIN optical elements 107a forming the inner ring 109a. Light from an on-axis far point source passing through the GRIN optical elements 107b forming the outer ring 109b is focused to form a ring of focal points 119a, 119b. The ring of focal points 119a, 119b has a greater radius than the ring of focal points 115a, 115b formed by light passing through the inner ring 109a of GRIN optical elements 107a, and the light passing through the outer ring GRIN optical elements 107b is focused at off-axis points on a high plus power focal surface 123 that is closer to the back surface of the lens 105 than the base power focal plane 113, and closer to the back surface of the lens 105 than the low plus power focal surface 117.

[0130] The GRIN optical elements 107b forming the outer ring 109b also all have the same refractive index variation, but these elements 107b have a different refractive index profile than the GRIN optical elements 107a forming the inner ring 109a. The GRIN optical elements 107b forming the outer ring 109b are all positioned at the same radial distance from the optical axis 102, and at a greater radial distance from the optical axis 102 than the GRIN optical elements 107a forming the inner ring 109a. The GRIN optical elements 107b forming the outer ring 109b (see FIG. 1C) have a different focal power than the GRIN optical elements 107a forming the inner ring 109a. The local optical axes of the GRIN optical elements 107b forming the outer ring 109b are more tilted with respect to the optical axis 102 of the lens 105 than the local optical axes of the GRIN optical elements 107a forming the inner ring 109a. Light from an on-axis far point source passing through the GRIN optical elements 107b forming the outer ring 109b is focused to form a ring of focal points 119a, 119b. The ring of focal points 119a, 119b has a greater radius than the ring of focal points 115a, 115b formed by light passing through the inner ring 109a of GRIN optical elements 107a, and the light passing through the outer ring GRIN optical elements 107b is focused at off-axis points on a high plus power focal surface 123 that is closer to the back surface of the lens 105 than the base power focal plane 113, and closer to the back surface of the lens 105 than the low plus power focal surface 117. Figure 2A

[0131] Figure 3A is a schematic top view of another thin film 201 applied to an ophthalmic lens according to embodiments of the present disclosure, containing a plurality of photocured GRIN optical elements 207 having asymmetric refractive index profiles. The base refractive index of the thin film 201 is uniform, and the thin film 201 has a uniform thickness. The thin film 201 includes a plurality of GRIN optical elements 207 arranged in a random pattern across a central region of the thin film 201. A peripheral region 204 of the thin film 201 has no GRIN optical elements. The GRIN optical elements 207 have a circular cross-section in the plane of the thin film 201, and have a different refractive index profile in the circumferential direction (in the plane of the thin film 201) than in the radial direction (perpendicular to the plane of the thin film 201). The GRIN optical elements 207 have a different refractive index profile in the circumferential direction than in the radial direction. Figure 3B 3C ​​The asymmetric refractive index distribution of element 207 in the direction of arrow 'W' (as shown in the diagram) and continuously varying in the radial direction is as follows. The asymmetric refractive index variation occurs in a plane perpendicular to the thin film axis 203. The thin film axis 203 is located at the radial midpoint of thin film 201. The asymmetric refractive index variation of element 207 in the direction 'W' is caused by… Figure 3C Curve 222 in the diagram illustrates this. All GRIN elements 207 exhibit the same refractive index variation, as shown in... Figure 3B and 3C As shown in the figure, but it is located at a different radial distance from the film axis 203.

[0132] Figure 3B yes Figure 2A and 2B The image shows a top view of the GRIN optical element 207 of the thin film 201. The GRIN element 207 has a circular cross-section and an asymmetric refractive index distribution that varies in the circumferential direction indicated by the arrow 'W' and in the radial direction. Along Figure 3B The refractive index distribution of the dashed curve shown in the figure in the direction of arrow 'W' is... Figure 3C It is plotted as curve 222.

[0133] Figure 3D Demonstrating its application in lens 205 Figure 3A Thin film 201. Thin film 201 covers the front surface of lens 205. Light from an on-axis far-point source passing through the area of ​​thin film 201 with the basic refractive index is focused onto spot 211 on the optical axis 202 of lens 205. The optical axis 202 (dashed line) of lens 205 coincides with the thin film axis 203 (dashed dot line). Spot 211 is located on the basic refractive power focal plane 213. All GRIN elements 207 have the same refractive index variation, such as... Figure 3B and 3C As shown in the diagram, but positioned at different radial distances from the optical axis 202. Due to the asymmetric refractive index distribution of the GRIN element 207, light passing through the GRIN optical element 207 from an on-axis far-point source will be focused away from the optical axis 202. When the lens 205 is worn by the wearer, the GRIN optical element 207 focuses light toward an off-axis focal point on the additional refractive power focal plane 217, which is closer to the rear surface of the lens 205 than the basic refractive power focal plane 213. Figure 3D As shown in the image.

[0134] Figure 4is a front view of a pair of eyeglasses 325 comprising two lenses 305. Each lens 305 is centered on an optical axis 302 and includes a thin film 301 disposed on a front surface of the lens 305. The thin film 301 has a uniform index of refraction and the thin film 301 has a uniform thickness. The thin film 301 covers the front surface of the lens 305. Light from an on-axis far point source passing through the thin film 301 will be focused to a point on the optical axis 302 of the lens 305 at a base power focal plane (not shown).

[0135] Each thin film 301 includes a plurality of GRIN optical elements 307a, 307b arranged in concentric circles 309a, 309b (dashed lines are provided as a guide to the eye and do not represent structural features of the lens 305). Each of the GRIN optical elements 307a, 307b has a refractive index profile that varies across the element 307a, 307b in both the radial and lateral directions parallel to the plane of the thin film 301, resulting in an asymmetric profile. The GRIN elements 307a forming the inner circle 309a all have the same refractive index variation and are all positioned at the same radial distance from the optical axis 302 of the lens 305. Since the GRIN elements 307a have an asymmetric refractive index profile, light from an on-axis far point source passing through the GRIN optical elements 307a will be focused away from the optical axis 302. The GRIN optical elements 307a are arranged in a circle centered on the optical axis 302 of each lens 305 and light from a far point source passing through the GRIN optical elements 307a forming the inner circle 309a will form a ring of focal points.

[0136] The GRIN optical elements 307b forming the outer ring 309b also all have the same refractive index variation, but these elements 307b have a different refractive index variation than the GRIN optical elements 307a forming the inner ring 309a. The GRIN optical elements 307b forming the outer ring 309b are all located at the same radial distance from the optical axis 302 of the lens, and at a greater radial distance from the optical axis 302 than the GRIN optical elements 307a forming the inner ring 309a. Light from an on-axis distant point source passing through the GRIN optical elements 307b forming the outer ring 309b will form a ring of focal points. This ring of focal points will have a greater radius than the ring of focal points formed by light passing through the inner ring 309a of GRIN optical elements 307a. The refractive index profile of the GRIN optical elements 307b forming the outer ring 309b is different than the refractive index profile of the GRIN optical elements 307a forming the inner ring 309a. When the lens 305 is worn by a wearer, light passing through the GRIN optical elements 307a forming the inner ring 309a will be focused to points on a first focal plane, and light passing through the GRIN optical elements 307b forming the outer ring 309b will be focused to points at a second, different focal plane. Both the first and second focal planes will be closer to the back surface of the lens 305 than the base refractive power focal plane when the lens 305 is worn by the lens wearer.

[0137] Figure 5A A schematic top view of another thin film 401 according to an embodiment of the disclosure is shown. The thin film 401 comprises a HX thin film and has been cut into a circular shape with an area of 500 mm 2 The thin film has a base refractive index and a constant thickness. The thin film 401 includes a plurality of GRIN optical elements 407 that have been formed by photocuring and are randomly distributed across the thin film 401. Each GRIN optical element 407 has a circular cross-section in the plane of the thin film, and a refractive index profile that varies asymmetrically in the circumferential direction. Several GRIN elements 407 have different asymmetric refractive index profiles. Figure 5B A schematic top view of a thin film 401 according to an embodiment of the disclosure is shown. The thin film 401 comprises Figure 5AA cross-section of a small portion of the thin film 401. The GRIN optical elements 407 extend through the thickness of the thin film 401. The lens 405 is centered on an optical axis 402 that extends in a direction substantially perpendicular to the plane of the thin film 401. Light from an on-axis distant point source that passes through a portion of the thin film 401 having a substantially refractive index will be focused to a point on the optical axis 402. Because the GRIN optical elements 407 have asymmetric refractive index profiles, the local optical axis of each GRIN element 407 is tilted with respect to the optical axis 402 of the lens 405. Thus, light from an on-axis distant point source that passes through each GRIN element 407 will be focused to an off-axis focal point. Because the different GRIN optical elements 407 have different asymmetric refractive index profiles, the local optical axis of the elements 407 can be tilted by different amounts, and the GRIN optical elements 407 can have different focal powers.

[0138] Figure 6 is a flowchart showing a method 1000 of manufacturing a thin film according to an embodiment of the disclosure. In a first step 1003, a photocurable thin film is provided. In a second step 1005, at least one region of the thin film is photocured using a digital light projection system, thereby creating at least one photocured gradient index optical element having an asymmetric refractive index profile.

[0139] While the disclosure has been described and illustrated with reference to specific example embodiments, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the disclosure is applicable to many different variations not explicitly described. By way of example, certain possible variations will now be described.

[0140] In the example embodiments of the disclosure described above, each GRIN element has a refractive index profile that results in a higher focal power compared to the substantially refractive index of the lens. In other example embodiments, the GRIN elements can have a refractive index profile that results in a lower focal power compared to the substantially refractive index of the lens.

[0141] While in the foregoing specification this disclosure has been described in relation to certain embodiments thereof, and many details have been set forth for the purpose of illustration, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the disclosure is not limited to the embodiments disclosed, and that many modifications, changes, combinations, sub-combinations, sub-combinations and variations can be used. It is therefore contemplated to cover in the appended claims all such modifications, changes, combinations, sub-combinations, sub-combinations and variations as falling within the true scope of the disclosure. It is therefore intended that the disclosure cover all such modifications, changes, combinations, sub-combinations, sub-combinations and variations as falling within the true scope of the disclosure. It is therefore intended that the disclosure cover all such modifications, changes, combinations, sub-combinations, sub-combinations and variations as falling within the true scope of the disclosure. It is therefore intended that the disclosure cover all such modifications, changes, combinations, sub-combinations, sub-combinations and variations as falling within the true scope of the disclosure. It is therefore intended that the disclosure cover all such modifications, changes, combinations, sub-combinations, sub-combinations and variations as falling within the true scope of the disclosure. It is therefore intended that the disclosure cover all such modifications, changes, combinations, sub-combinations, sub-combinations and variations as falling within the true scope of the disclosure. It is therefore intended that the disclosure cover all such modifications, changes, combinations, sub-combinations, sub-combinations and variations as falling within the true scope of the disclosure. It is therefore intended that the disclosure cover all such modifications, changes, combinations, sub-combinations, sub-combinations and variations as falling within the true scope of the disclosure. It is therefore intended that the disclosure cover all such modifications, changes, combinations, sub-combinations, sub-combinations and variations as falling within the true scope of the disclosure. It is therefore intended that the disclosure cover all such modifications, changes, combinations, sub-combinations, sub-combinations and variations as falling within the true scope of the disclosure. It is therefore intended that the disclosure cover all such modifications, changes, combinations, sub-combinations, sub-combinations and variations as falling within the true scope of the disclosure. It is therefore intended that the disclosure cover all such modifications, changes, combinations, sub-combinations, sub-combinations and variations as falling within the true scope of the disclosure. It is therefore intended that the disclosure cover all such modifications, changes, combinations, sub-combinations, sub-combinations and variations as falling within the true scope of the disclosure. It is therefore intended that the disclosure cover all such modifications, changes, combinations, sub-combinations, sub-combinations and variations as falling within the true scope of the disclosure. It is therefore intended that the disclosure cover all such modifications, changes, combinations, sub-combinations, sub-combinations and variations as falling within the true scope of the disclosure. It is therefore intended that the disclosure cover all such modifications, changes, combinations, sub-combinations, sub-combinations and variations as falling within the true scope of the disclosure. It is therefore intended that the disclosure cover all such modifications, changes, combinations, sub-combinations, sub-combinations and variations as falling within the true scope of the disclosure. It is therefore intended that the disclosure cover all such modifications, changes, combinations, sub-combinations, sub-combinations and variations as falling within the true scope of the disclosure. It is therefore intended that the disclosure cover all such modifications, changes, combinations, sub-combinations, sub-combinations and variations as falling within the true scope of the disclosure. It is therefore intended that the disclosure cover all such modifications, changes, combinations, sub-combinations, sub-combinations and variations as falling within the true scope of the disclosure. It is therefore intended that the disclosure cover all such modifications, changes, combinations, sub-combinations, sub-combinations and variations as falling within the true scope of the disclosure. It is therefore intended that the disclosure cover all such modifications, changes, combinations, sub-combinations, sub-combinations and variations as falling within the true scope of the disclosure. It is therefore intended that the disclosure cover all such modifications, changes, combinations, sub-combinations, sub-combinations and variations as falling within the true scope of the disclosure. It is therefore intended that the disclosure cover all such modifications, changes, combinations, sub-combinations, sub-combinations and variations as falling within the true scope of the disclosure. It is therefore intended that the disclosure cover all such modifications, changes, combinations, sub-combinations, sub-combinations and variations as falling within the true scope of the disclosure.

Claims

1. A film for application to an ophthalmic lens, wherein the film has a base index of refraction and comprises at least one gradient-index optical element having an asymmetric index of refraction profile in a plane parallel to a surface of the film, wherein the film is capable of being disposed on a surface of a lens such that light from a distant point source on an optical axis of the lens that passes through a region of the film having the base index of refraction is focused toward a point on the optical axis of the lens and light from the distant point source on the optical axis of the lens that passes through the at least one gradient-index optical element is focused toward a point a first distance from the optical axis.

2. The film of claim 1, comprising a plurality of the gradient-index optical elements randomly distributed across the film.

3. The film of any preceding claim, wherein at least two of the gradient-index optical elements have the same asymmetric index of refraction profile.

4. The film of any preceding claim, wherein at least two of the gradient-index optical elements have different asymmetric index of refraction profiles.

5. The film of any of claims 2 to 4, comprising a plurality of gradient-index optical elements arranged to form at least one annular ring, wherein the at least one annular ring is centered on a film axis that extends in a direction substantially perpendicular to the plane of the film.

6. The film of claim 5, comprising a plurality of gradient-index optical elements arranged to form at least two concentric annular rings, wherein the concentric annular rings are centered on the film axis.

7. The film of claim 5 or claim 6, wherein gradient-index optical elements forming portions of the same annular ring have the same index of refraction profile.

8. The film of any preceding claim, wherein gradient-index optical elements forming a first annular ring have a first index of refraction profile and gradient-index optical elements forming a second concentric annular ring have a second, different index of refraction profile.

9. The film of any preceding claim, wherein each of the at least one gradient-index optical elements has a diameter or width of between 1 pm and 5 mm.

10. The film of any preceding claim, wherein the gradient-index optical elements occupy between 20% and 80% of the surface area of the film.

11. The film of any preceding claim, wherein the film is a photopolymer film, and wherein each of the at least one gradient-index optical elements is a photo-cured gradient-index optical element.

12. The film of any preceding claim, wherein each of the at least one gradient-index optical elements has an index of refraction profile defined by an asymmetric polynomial function.

13. The film of any preceding claim, having a thickness of between 1 pm and 70 pm.

14. The film of any preceding claim, further comprising a sticking surface for sticking the film to a surface of an ophthalmic lens.

15. The film of any preceding claim, further comprising a substrate configured to provide a protective layer when the film is applied to a surface of an ophthalmic lens.

16. The film of any preceding claim, comprising at least one annular ring of gradient index optical elements, wherein the film is configurable on a surface of a lens such that light from a distant point source on the optical axis of the lens passing through a region of the film having the base index of refraction is focused toward a point on the optical axis of the lens, and light from a distant point source on the optical axis of the lens passing through the at least one annular ring of gradient index optical elements forms an annular ring of focal points at a focal plane.

17. An ophthalmic lens comprising the film of any preceding claim.

18. The ophthalmic lens of claim 17, which is a spectacle lens.

19. The ophthalmic lens of claim 17, which is a contact lens.

20. Eyeglasses comprising the ophthalmic lens of claim 17.

21. A method of making the film of any preceding claim, the method comprising: providing a photocurable film; and photo-curing at least one region of the film using a digital light projection system, thereby creating at least one photo-cured gradient index optical element having an asymmetric refractive index profile.

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