A method for growing morels

Abstract

The invention discloses a morel planting method, comprising the following steps: step one: selecting a greenhouse as a planting site, tidying the ground and making a furrow surface and a furrow ditch; step two: preparing a matrix material, and putting the matrix material into an electric oven for high-temperature sterilization treatment; step three: immediately placing a nutrient bag after sowing and watering the morel spawn; step four: light and ventilation management; and step five: mushroom production and harvesting. The morel planting method adopts a mode that after sowing and watering the morels, the nutrient bag is placed, or a proper amount of water is first poured and then sown, and the nutrient bag is placed at the same time, so that the spawn grows in two directions, i.e., in the soil and in the nutrient bag, at the same time, the nutrient bag is not easily susceptible to impurities, the soil surface does not lose water, and the material is eaten quickly, and the nutrient bag is absorbed and decomposed and utilized by the morel spawn in advance, so that the morel spawn has the advantages of less diseases and insect pests, high mushroom production yield, short mushroom production time, etc., and is beneficial to small growers to save costs.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of morel cultivation, in particular to a morel cultivation method. Background Art

[0002] Morchella is a rare edible mushroom variety, named for its uneven surface of the cap, which looks like a sheep's tripe. Morchella is also called sheep's tripe, grass bamboo, sheep mushroom, and sheep's tripe mushroom. It is used to treat food stagnation, abdominal distension, phlegm, gas reversal, and cough. It is a precious edible and medicinal mushroom. The existing cultivation method of Morchella can be summarized as follows: strain preparation-strain sowing-soil covering-nutrient bag preparation-mycelium unearthing-placing nutrient bags-water management-removing nutrient bags-mushroom production, specifically: after mixing the culture medium, bagging it, sterilizing it at normal pressure or high pressure, and then inoculating the strain in a sterile environment. After more than ten days, wait for the mycelium to fill the bag, and then place it for 5-10 days after the bag is full. The mycelium is allowed to penetrate the culture medium, the cultured fungus is crushed and evenly spread in the field, and then covered with soil for 2-3 cm, and then covered with perforated mulch or not covered. After the mycelium is full of soil and the surface turns white, the nutrient bag is sterilized at normal pressure or high pressure, and the bag is placed on the ground after being broken after cooling. After one month, the nutrient bag is removed after the nutrient bag is full, and the mushrooms can be harvested after the water is properly managed. However, this planting method has certain defects. This method uses nutrient bags within 8-15 days after sowing and watering the morel fungus, which makes the surface soil easy to lose moisture and the nutrient bags are also easy to be infected by impurities. It takes 40-60 days to fruit mushrooms. The fruiting time is relatively long, and there is room for improvement. Summary of the invention

[0003] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the existing defects and provide a method for planting morels. The method adopts a method in which after sowing and watering the morels, a nutrient bag is placed or a proper amount of water is first poured and then sown and the nutrient bag is placed at the same time, so that the fungus species grows in two directions, that is, in the soil and in the nutrient bag at the same time. The nutrient bag is not easily susceptible to impurities, the soil surface does not lose water, and the feed is eaten quickly. The nutrient bag is absorbed and decomposed and utilized by the morel fungus species in advance, so that the morel fungus species has the advantages of less diseases and insect pests, high mushroom yield and short mushroom fruiting time, and is beneficial to small growers to save costs, and can effectively solve the problems in the background technology.

[0004] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a method for growing morels, comprising the following steps; Step 1: Choose a greenhouse as the planting site, tidy up the ground and make ridges and furrows; Step 2: Prepare the matrix material and place the matrix material in an electric oven for high temperature sterilization; Step 3: Place the nutrient bags immediately after sowing and watering the morel spawn; Step 4: Lighting and ventilation management; Step 5: harvesting mushrooms. This method uses a method in which after sowing and watering the morels, nutrient bags are placed or an appropriate amount of water is first poured and then sown and the nutrient bags are placed at the same time, so that the fungus species grows in two directions, namely, in the soil and in the nutrient bags. The nutrient bags are not easily infected by impurities, the soil surface does not lose water, and the feed is eaten quickly. The nutrient bags are absorbed and decomposed by the morel fungus species in advance, which makes the morel fungus species have the advantages of less diseases and insect pests, high mushroom yield and short mushroom fruiting time, and is also beneficial for small growers to save costs.

[0005] Furthermore, the matrix material is composed of culture medium, and the quality of the culture medium is prepared according to the percentage of 50% sawdust, 10% gluten, 1% phosphate fertilizer, 1% gypsum, 2% humus, and 36% water, which provides a certain nutritional supply for the growth of morel strains.

[0006] Furthermore, the sterilization temperature of the electric oven is set to 120 degrees to 130 degrees, and the sterilization time is 6 to 8 hours, so that the matrix material is fully sterilized to prevent the interference of miscellaneous bacteria on the growth of the morel strains.

[0007] Furthermore, when the nutrient bags are placed immediately after the morel spawn is sown and watered, the matrix material can be evenly spread on the bed surface with a thickness of 2-4 cm, and then the morel spawn is evenly spread on the matrix material, and then a 1-2 cm layer of matrix material is spread on the morel spawn, and then a 3-5 cm layer of soil is spread on the matrix material layer, water is sprinkled on the soil layer to increase humidity, and then nutrient bags are placed on the soil layer at equal intervals to increase the fruiting speed of the morels.

[0008] Furthermore, when placing nutrient bags immediately after sowing and watering the morel spawn, the substrate material can be evenly spread on the bed surface with a thickness of 2-4 cm, and then water is sprinkled to increase humidity. Subsequently, while sowing the morel spawn on the upper side of the substrate material, the sown morel spawn is covered with 3-5 cm of soil and nutrient bags are placed to increase the fruiting speed of the morels.

[0009] Furthermore, the nutrient bag contains 3-5 parts by mass of wheat, 2-3 parts by mass of grass powder, 1-5 parts by mass of husk, 1-2 parts by mass of bran, and 1 part by mass of gypsum according to the mass ratio. Wheat is the main nutrient source for the growth of the bacteria, the husk raw material is abundant, the bran can increase the nitrogen source, the gypsum provides the minerals required for the growth of the bacteria, and the lime or calcium carbonate adjusts the pH value of the raw materials in the nutrient bag.

[0010] Furthermore, when the nutrient bag is placed, an opening is cut on each side of the nutrient bag with scissors, which can not only appropriately expand the influence range of the nutrient bag, but also increase the contact surface with the morel mycelium outside the bag, and is also beneficial to transport nutrients to the mycelium in the soil, thereby facilitating the growth of the morel species.

[0011] Furthermore, during the light and ventilation management, when the hyphae of the morel spawn is in the growth stage, a gray plastic shade cloth is laid on the outside of the greenhouse; after the morel seed entity is formed, the gray plastic shade cloth is removed, and the greenhouse is opened and ventilated regularly. In the early growth stage of the morel spawn, a weak light environment is provided by laying the gray plastic shade cloth, which is beneficial to the growth of the hyphae of the morel spawn; after the morel seed entity is formed in the later stage, the gray plastic shade cloth is removed, and a certain light environment is provided to improve the mushroom quality and color of the morel; through ventilation management, the growth of mold in the growth environment of the morel is avoided.

[0012] Furthermore, the time from sowing the Morchella spawn to fruiting of mushrooms is 30-50 days, and the Morchella fruiting time is short.

[0013] Furthermore, the width of the bed surface is 120-150cm, the bed furrows are on both sides of the bed surface, the width of the bed furrows is 15-20cm, and the depth of the bed furrows is 6-8cm. Through the design of the bed surface and the bed furrows, the accumulated water in the greenhouse in the rainy season can be discharged, the soil moisture and temperature can be maintained, and the root rot of the fungus caused by accumulated water can be avoided, thereby facilitating the growth of the morel fungus.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: the method for growing morels has the following advantages: 1. During the cultivation of morels, after sowing and watering the morels, nutrient bags are placed or an appropriate amount of water is first poured and then sown, and nutrient bags are placed at the same time, so that the fungus species grow in two directions at the same time, in the soil and in the nutrient bags. The nutrient bags are not easily infected by impurities, the soil surface does not lose water, and the feed is eaten quickly. The nutrient bags are absorbed and decomposed by the morel fungi in advance, which makes the morel fungi have the advantages of less diseases and pests, high mushroom yield and short mushroom production time. At the same time, this planting method eliminates the need for growers to purchase morel fungi and nutrient bags twice due to interval operations, thereby reducing the travel costs of growers and saving costs for small growers.

[0015] 2. During the cultivation of morels, the bed surface and bed ditch design can be used to drain the accumulated water in the greenhouse during rainy seasons, maintain soil moisture and temperature, and avoid water accumulation that may cause root rot of the fungus, which is beneficial to the growth of morels.

[0016] 3. During the cultivation of morels, light management is used to improve the growth of morel mycelium and the quality and color of morels. Ventilation management is used to avoid the growth of mold in the growth environment of morels, thereby promoting the growth of morels. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] The following will be combined with the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0018] This embodiment provides a technical solution: a method for growing morels, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Choose a greenhouse as the planting site, tidy up the ground and make ridges and furrows. The width of the ridge is 120-150cm, and the furrows are on both sides of the ridge. The width of the furrow is 15-20cm, and the depth of the furrow is 6-8cm. The furrow design makes it easy to drain excess water in the greenhouse on rainy days to avoid water accumulation and root rot, which is conducive to the growth of morel fungi. Step 2: Prepare the matrix material, put the matrix material into the electric oven for high-temperature sterilization, the matrix material is composed of culture material, the mass of the culture material is prepared according to the percentage of sawdust 50%, gluten 10%, phosphate fertilizer 1%, gypsum 1%, humus 2%, and water 36%, the sterilization temperature of the electric oven is set to 120 degrees -130 degrees, the sterilization time is 6-8 hours, to provide a certain nutrient supply for the growth of morel strains, to fully sterilize the matrix material, and to avoid interference of miscellaneous bacteria on the growth of morel strains; Step 3: Place the nutrient bags immediately after sowing and watering the morel spawn. When placing the nutrient bags immediately after sowing and watering the morel spawn, you can evenly spread the matrix material on the bed surface with a thickness of 2-4 cm. Then spread the morel spawn evenly on the matrix material, then spread a 1-2 cm layer of matrix material on top of the morel spawn, then spread a 3-5 cm layer of soil on the matrix material layer, sprinkle water on top of the soil layer to increase humidity, and then place the nutrient bags at equal intervals above the soil layer. When placing the nutrient bags immediately after sowing and watering the morel spawn, you can also evenly spread the matrix material on the bed surface with a thickness of 2-4 cm. The substrate material is evenly spread on the furrow surface, with a thickness of 2-4 cm, and then watering is performed to increase humidity. Subsequently, the Morchella spawn is sown on the upper side of the substrate material, and at the same time, the Morchella spawn after sowing is covered with soil for 3-5 cm and a nutrient bag is placed. The nutrient bag contains 3-5 parts by weight of wheat, 2-3 parts by weight of grass powder, 1-5 parts by weight of rice husk, 1-2 parts by weight of bran, and 1 part by weight of gypsum according to a mass ratio. When the nutrient bag is placed, an opening is cut on each side of the nutrient bag with scissors. Both planting methods can make the nutrient bag less susceptible to impurities, and the Morchella spawn absorbs and decomposes the substances in the nutrient bag in advance, thereby improving the fruiting time of the Morchella; Step 4: Lighting and ventilation management. When the mycelium of the morel spawn is in the growth stage, a gray plastic shade cloth is laid on the outside of the greenhouse. When the morel spawn is formed, the gray plastic shade cloth is removed and the greenhouse is opened and ventilated regularly to provide a suitable planting environment for the morel spawn, thereby facilitating the growth of the morel spawn. Step 5: Harvesting mushrooms. It takes 30-50 days from sowing the morel spawn to fruiting, and the morel spawn fruiting earlier.

[0019] A method for planting morels provided by the present invention is as follows: when planting morels, firstly, a bed surface and a bed ditch are arranged in a greenhouse, and the bed surface is used for subsequent morel planting operations. The bed ditch design makes it convenient to drain and discharge excess water in the greenhouse on rainy days to avoid water accumulation and root rot of the fungus species, thereby facilitating the growth of the morel fungus species. When placing nutrient bags immediately after sowing and watering the morel fungus species, a layer of substrate material can be first spread on the bed surface, and then morel fungus species are spread on the substrate material, and then another layer of substrate material layer is spread on the morel fungus species, and then a soil layer is spread on the upper substrate material layer, and then water is sprinkled above the soil layer to increase humidity, and then nutrient bags are placed above the soil layer at equal intervals. The substrate material can also be evenly spread on the bed surface, and then The method comprises the steps of: watering to increase humidity, and then sowing morel spawn on the upper side of the substrate, covering the sown morel spawn with soil and placing nutrient bags. In this method, the nutrient bags are directly placed after sowing and watering regardless of whether the fungus frost grows or not, so that during the growth of the morel spawn, the spawn grows in two directions at the same time, namely, in the soil and in the nutrient bag. The spawn eats the material quickly, and the nutrient bag is not easily infected by foreign substances. The morel spawn can contact and absorb the nutrients in the nutrient bag early, thereby improving the disease and insect resistance of the morel spawn itself. The nutrient bag is covered to prevent the soil surface from losing water easily, thereby ensuring the environmental humidity during the growth of the morel spawn, reducing the growth risk of the morel spawn, and thus making the morel spawn have the advantages of early fruiting, and then improving the fruiting effect of the morel spawn through light and ventilation management.

[0020] The above descriptions are merely embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structure or equivalent process transformation made using the contents of the present invention specification, or directly or indirectly applied in other related technical fields, are also included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for growing morels, characterized in that: The steps include: Step 1: Choose a greenhouse as the planting site, tidy up the ground and make ridges and furrows; Step 2: Prepare the matrix material and place the matrix material in an electric oven for high temperature sterilization; Step 3: Place the nutrient bags immediately after sowing and watering the morel spawn; Step 4: Lighting and ventilation management; Step 5: Harvesting mushrooms.

2. A method for growing morels according to claim 1, characterized in that: The matrix material is composed of culture medium, and the mass of the culture medium is prepared according to the percentage of 50% sawdust, 10% gluten, 1% phosphate fertilizer, 1% gypsum, 2% humus soil, and 36% water.

3. A method for growing morels according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sterilization temperature of the electric oven is set at 120 degrees to 130 degrees, and the sterilization time is 6 to 8 hours.

4. A method for growing morels according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the nutrient bags are placed immediately after the morel spawn is sown and watered, the matrix material can be evenly spread on the bed surface with a thickness of 2-4 cm, and then the morel spawn is evenly spread on the matrix material, and then a 1-2 cm layer of matrix material is spread above the morel spawn, and then a 3-5 cm layer of soil is spread on the matrix material layer, water is sprinkled above the soil layer to increase humidity, and then nutrient bags are placed above the soil layer at equal intervals.

5. A method for growing morels according to claim 1, characterized in that: When placing the nutrient bags immediately after sowing and watering the morel spawn, the substrate material can be evenly spread on the bed surface with a thickness of 2-4 cm, and then water is sprinkled to increase humidity. Then, while sowing the morel spawn on the upper side of the substrate material, the sown morel spawn is covered with 3-5 cm of soil and the nutrient bags are placed.

6. A method for growing morels according to claim 1, characterized in that: The nutrient bag contains 3-5 parts by mass of wheat, 2-3 parts by mass of grass powder, 1-5 parts by mass of husk, 1-2 parts by mass of bran and 1 part by mass of gypsum according to the mass ratio.

7. A method for growing morels according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the nutrition bag is placed, an opening is cut on each side of the nutrition bag using scissors.

8. A method for growing morels according to claim 1, characterized in that: During the light and ventilation management, when the mycelium of the Morchella spawn is in the growth stage, a gray plastic shade cloth is laid outside the greenhouse. When the Morchella spawn entity is formed, the gray plastic shade cloth is removed and the greenhouse is opened for ventilation regularly.

9. A method for growing morels according to claim 1, characterized in that: The time from sowing the Morchella spawn to fruiting is 30-50 days.

10. A method for growing morels according to claim 1, characterized in that: The width of the furrow surface is 120-150 cm, the furrows are on both sides of the furrow surface, the width of the furrows is 15-20 cm, and the depth of the furrows is 6-8 cm.