Front end assembly and endoscope

Abstract

The invention discloses a front end assembly and an endoscope, and relates to the technical field of endoscopes. The front end assembly comprises a body, a light source, a polaroid and an adjusting mechanism. The adjusting mechanism is arranged in the instrument channel of the body, the polarizing film in the body is driven by the adjusting mechanism to rotate, and the polarization angle of light emitted by the light source after passing through the polarizing film can be changed in the rotating process of the polarizing film. In the front-end assembly provided by the embodiment of the invention, the polarization angle of the light passing through the polaroid is adjusted by using the adjusting mechanism arranged in the instrument channel, so that the light emitted from the front-end assembly can have a specified polarization angle, and the structure of the whole front-end assembly can be more compact; therefore, the size of the whole front-end assembly is reduced, and the problem that in the prior art, light in a soft lens cannot pass through a polaroid at a specified angle, and then it cannot be guaranteed that the light has a specified polarization state is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of endoscopes, and in particular to a front end component and an endoscope. Background Art

[0002] Nervous tissue is the basic component of the nerve plexus. There are many microscopic structures in the human body's nervous tissue, such as cells, collagen fibers and bone structures, which have different effects on the polarization state of light.

[0003] In the prior art, the use of polarized light to obtain information about neural tissue has been applied to hard endoscopes (endoscopes whose main body cannot be bent). Because the optical fiber is protected by the hard endoscope, it can be regarded as an ideal uniform equicircular light-guiding medium. The light emitted by the optical fiber can pass through the polarizer at a specified angle, and the polarization state of the light can be completely preserved. Therefore, by irradiating polarized light at multiple angles and receiving polarized light reflection signals at multiple angles, information about the structure and characteristics of neural tissue can be obtained by analyzing the polarization image.

[0004] The visceral plexus of the human body mainly refers to a part of the autonomic nervous system. They are distributed in the internal organs, cardiovascular system and glands, and mainly regulate the functions of these organs. Due to individual differences (such as age, gender, disease type, etc.), the location and distribution of the visceral plexus may vary.

[0005] However, since the visceral nerve plexuses are very sensitive to stimulation, special care must be taken during surgery or examination to avoid damaging these nerve plexuses and causing functional disorders. This makes the use of hard endoscopes very limited, and in most cases it is difficult to use hard endoscopes to detect visceral nerve tissue.

[0006] For soft endoscopes (endoscopes with a soft and bendable body), although they can be inserted into natural cavities more freely, the natural cavities are curved and irregular, so the optical fiber will inevitably have shape defects and local stress concentration, which makes it impossible for the light in the soft endoscope to pass through the polarizer at a specified angle, and thus it is impossible to ensure that the light has a specified polarization state, that is, a part of it will leak in the vertical polarization direction, reducing the polarization degree, and even after a certain distance of optical fiber transmission, the polarization state of the light will change, which makes it difficult for the soft endoscope to obtain polarized images of neural tissue. Summary of the invention

[0007] The present invention discloses a front end assembly and an endoscope, so as to at least partially improve the above technical problems.

[0008] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: On the one hand, an embodiment of the present application provides a front-end component, including: a body, a light source, a polarizer, and an adjustment mechanism. The body is penetrated and formed with an instrument channel. The light source is arranged in the body, and the light source is used to emit light to the far end of the body. The polarizer is arranged in the body and is located on the light output path of the light source. The adjustment mechanism is arranged in the instrument channel, the adjustment mechanism is connected to the polarizer, and the adjustment mechanism is used to drive the polarizer to rotate so as to change the polarization angle of the polarizer to the light.

[0009] In one embodiment, the adjustment mechanism includes: an adjustment tube and a transmission assembly, wherein the adjustment tube is movably arranged in the instrument channel along the axial direction of the instrument channel, and the transmission assembly is connected between the polarizer and the adjustment tube, and the adjustment tube is configured to drive the transmission assembly and drive the polarizer to rotate when the adjustment tube is subjected to a force along the axial direction of the instrument channel.

[0010] In one embodiment, a first mounting cavity and a second mounting cavity are further formed in the body, and the transmission assembly includes a first gear and a second gear, the first gear is arranged in the first mounting cavity and arranged on the outer periphery of the adjustment tube, and the second gear is arranged in the second mounting cavity and arranged on the outer periphery of the polarizer; A first limiting structure is provided on the inner surface of the first gear, and a second limiting structure is provided on the outer surface of the adjusting tube. One of the first limiting structure and the second limiting structure is a limiting groove, and the other is a limiting protrusion. The second limiting structure is spirally provided on the outer surface of the adjusting tube.

[0011] In one embodiment, a avoidance structure for reducing a contact area between the first gear and the first mounting cavity is provided on at least one of a side wall in the axial direction of the first gear and an inner wall of the first mounting cavity; And / or, a avoidance structure for reducing a contact area between the second gear and the second installation cavity is provided on at least one of a side wall of the second gear in the axial direction and an inner wall of the second installation cavity.

[0012] In one embodiment, the adjustment mechanism further includes: a driving structure, which is connected to the adjustment tube and is used to apply an external force to the adjustment tube to move along the axial direction of the instrument channel, so as to drive the adjustment tube to move along the axial direction of the instrument channel.

[0013] In one embodiment, the adjusting tube includes: a fixing portion, an elastic portion, and an adjusting portion arranged from the proximal end to the distal end, the fixing portion is connected to the inner wall of the instrument channel, the driving structure is connected to the adjusting portion, and the elastic portion is configured to drive the elastic portion to reset when the external force applied to the adjusting tube disappears.

[0014] In one embodiment, the elastic part includes a bellows and a spring, the bellows is connected between the fixing part and the adjusting part, and the spring is connected between the fixing part and the adjusting part and is located at a gap between the corrugations of the bellows.

[0015] In one embodiment, the driving structure is used to drive the adjusting tube to extend out of the instrument channel, and the front end component also includes: a camera module, which is arranged on the distal surface of the main body, and during at least part of the movement of the adjusting tube in the instrument channel, the distal end of the adjusting part is located within the field of view of the camera module, and the outer surface of the distal end of the adjusting part is provided with a scale value.

[0016] In one embodiment, the front end assembly further includes: a lighting module, wherein the lighting module is disposed on the distal end surface of the body.

[0017] On the other hand, an embodiment of the present application also provides an endoscope, including the front end assembly as described above.

[0018] The technical solution adopted by the present invention can achieve the following beneficial effects: The front-end assembly provided in the embodiment of the present application is provided with an adjustment mechanism in the instrument channel of the main body, and the adjustment mechanism is used to drive the polarizer in the main body to rotate. During the rotation process, the polarizer can change the polarization angle of the light emitted by the light source after passing through the polarizer. In the front-end assembly provided in the embodiment of the present application, the adjustment mechanism provided in the instrument channel is used to adjust the polarization angle of the light passing through the polarizer, which can not only make the light emitted from the front-end assembly have a specified polarization angle, but also make the structure of the entire front-end assembly more compact, thereby helping to reduce the volume of the entire front-end assembly, and solve the problem in the prior art that the light in the soft mirror cannot keep passing through the polarizer at a specified angle, and thus cannot ensure that the light has a specified polarization state. When the front-end assembly provided in the embodiment of the present application is applied to an endoscope, the above-mentioned technical problems can also be solved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0020] Figure 1 A schematic structural diagram of an endoscope in one embodiment of the present application is shown; Figure 2 for Figure 1 The enlarged view of point A in the middle; Figure 3 A cross-sectional view of a cross section of an endoscope in an embodiment of the present application is shown; Figure 4 for Figure 3 The enlarged view of point B in the middle; Figure 5 A partial cross-sectional view of another cross section of an endoscope in one embodiment of the present application is shown; Figure 6 A partial cross-sectional view of another cross section of an endoscope in one embodiment of the present application is shown; Figure 7 A schematic diagram of a structure in which an adjustment mechanism in an endoscope in an embodiment of the present application drives a polarizing plate to rotate is shown; Figure 8 for Figure 5 Enlarged view of point E in the middle; Fig. 9 for Figure 4 Enlarged view of point C in the middle; Fig.10 for Figure 4 Enlarged view of point D in the middle.

[0021] In the figure: 1, endoscope; 10, front end assembly; 110, main body; 111, instrument channel; 112, first installation cavity; 113, second installation cavity; 120, light source; 130, polarizer; 140, adjustment mechanism; 141, adjustment tube; 1411, fixing part; 1412, elastic part; 1412a, bellows; 1412b, spring; 1413, adjustment part; 1414, second limiting structure; 142, transmission assembly; 1421, first gear; 1421a, first limiting structure; 1422, second gear; 143, driving structure; 150, camera module; 160, lighting module; 170, avoidance structure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] To make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other implementation methods obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] The terms "first", "second", etc. in the specification and claims of the present application are used to distinguish similar objects, and are not used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that the data used in this way can be interchangeable under appropriate circumstances, so that the embodiments of the present application can be implemented in an order other than those illustrated or described here, and the objects distinguished by "first", "second", etc. are generally of one type, and the number of objects is not limited. For example, the first object can be one or more. In addition, "and / or" in the specification and claims represents at least one of the connected objects, and the character " / " generally indicates that the objects associated with each other are in an "or" relationship.

[0024] In each embodiment of the present application, "proximal end" and "distal end" refer to the position of each component relative to the user in the use environment, wherein the end closer to the user is designated as the "proximal end" and the end farther from the user is designated as the "distal end".

[0025] The inventive concept of the present application is described here: Nervous tissue is the basic component of the nerve plexus. There are many microscopic structures in the human body's nervous tissue, such as cells, collagen fibers and bone structures, which have different effects on the polarization state of light.

[0026] In the prior art, the use of polarized light to obtain information about neural tissue has been applied to hard endoscopes (endoscopes whose main body cannot be bent). Because the optical fiber is protected by the hard endoscope, it can be regarded as an ideal uniform equicircular light-guiding medium. The light emitted by the optical fiber can pass through the polarizer at a specified angle, and the polarization state of the light can be completely preserved. Therefore, by irradiating polarized light at multiple angles and receiving polarized light reflection signals at multiple angles, information about the structure and characteristics of neural tissue can be obtained by analyzing the polarization image.

[0027] The visceral plexus of the human body mainly refers to a part of the autonomic nervous system. They are distributed in the internal organs, cardiovascular system and glands, and mainly regulate the functions of these organs. Due to individual differences (such as age, gender, disease type, etc.), the location and distribution of the visceral plexus may vary.

[0028] However, since the visceral nerve plexuses are very sensitive to stimulation, special care must be taken during surgery or examination to avoid damaging these nerve plexuses and causing functional disorders. This makes the use of hard endoscopes very limited, and in most cases it is difficult to use hard endoscopes to detect visceral nerve tissue.

[0029] For soft endoscopes (endoscopes with a soft and bendable body), although they can be inserted into natural cavities more freely, the natural cavities are curved and irregular, so the optical fiber will inevitably have shape defects and local stress concentration, which makes it impossible for the light in the soft endoscope to pass through the polarizer at a specified angle, and thus it is impossible to ensure that the light has a specified polarization state, that is, a part of it will leak in the vertical polarization direction, reducing the polarization degree, and even after a certain distance of optical fiber transmission, the polarization state of the light will change, which makes it difficult for the soft endoscope to obtain polarized images of neural tissue.

[0030] Based on this, the inventor provides a front-end component, and the front-end component has an adjustment mechanism that can be used to change the polarization angle of the polarizer to the light to solve the above-mentioned problem. At the same time, considering that the front-end component needs to be as small as possible, the inventor arranges the aforementioned adjustment mechanism in the instrument channel to make the structure of the entire front-end component more compact, thereby making the size of the front-end component smaller.

[0031] The following is combined with Figures 1 to 10 , a front-end component 10 and an endoscope 1 provided in the present application are described in detail through specific embodiments and their application scenarios.

[0032] Please also see Figure 1-Figure 5 The embodiment of the present application provides an endoscope 1, which may have a front-end component 10, and the front-end component 10 may be used to emit polarized light to detect nerve tissue in a patient's body. It should be noted that in this embodiment, other structures of the endoscope 1 except the front-end component 10 can refer to the structure of the endoscope 1 in the prior art, and will not be described in detail here.

[0033] For details, please also refer to Figure 2-Figure 5 The front-end assembly 10 may include: a body 110 , a light source 120 , a polarizer 130 , and an adjustment mechanism 140 .

[0034] The body 110 may be provided through and formed with an instrument channel 111 , and in this embodiment, the body 110 may serve as a carrier of other elements such as a light source 120 , a polarizer 130 , an adjustment mechanism 140 , and the like.

[0035] The light source 120 may be disposed in the body 110, and the light source 120 may be used to emit light to the distal end of the body 110, and the light may change the deflection angle after passing through the polarizer 130, so that it can be used to obtain a polarized image of the nerve tissue. The embodiment of the present application does not limit the specific form and structure of the light source 120. For example, in some embodiments, the light source 120 may be a lamp tube or a light emitting diode that can emit natural light, and may be specifically configured according to actual conditions.

[0036] The polarizer 130 may be disposed in the body 110 and located on the light output path of the light source 120. The polarizer 130 may be used to change the polarization state of the light emitted by the light source 120 to convert the natural light emitted by the light source 120 into polarized light. The embodiment of the present application also does not limit the specific form and structure of the polarizer 130. For example, in some embodiments, the polarizer 130 may be a polyvinyl alcohol polarizer or a polyvinyl alcohol polarizer, etc., which may be specifically configured according to actual conditions.

[0037] The adjustment mechanism 140 may be disposed in the instrument channel 111, and the adjustment mechanism 140 may be connected to the polarizer 130. The adjustment mechanism 140 may be used to drive the polarizer 130 to rotate so as to change the polarization angle of the polarizer 130 to the light. In this embodiment, the polarizer 130 may preferably be configured as a circular structure, so that the adjustment mechanism 140 can drive the polarizer 130 to rotate.

[0038] In this embodiment, the polarization angle of the light passing through the polarizer 130 can be adjusted by the adjustment mechanism 140 disposed in the instrument channel 111, which not only enables the light emitted from the front-end component 10 to have a specified polarization angle, but also enables the structure of the entire front-end component 10 to be more compact, thereby facilitating reduction of the volume of the entire front-end component 10, and solves the problem in the prior art that the light in the soft mirror cannot maintain the specified angle through the polarizer 130, thereby failing to ensure that the light has a specified polarization state.

[0039] See also Figure 6In a specific embodiment, the adjustment mechanism 140 may include an adjustment tube 141 and a transmission assembly 142. The adjustment tube 141 may be movably disposed in the instrument channel 111 along the axial direction of the instrument channel 111, that is, at least a portion of the adjustment tube 141 may be selectively extended out of the instrument channel 111. The transmission assembly 142 may be connected between the polarizer 130 and the adjustment tube 141. In this embodiment, the adjustment tube 141 may be configured to drive the transmission assembly 142 and drive the polarizer 130 to rotate when the adjustment tube 141 is subjected to a force in the axial direction of the instrument channel 111. That is, in this embodiment, the adjustment mechanism 140 may drive the polarizer 130 to rotate through its own axial movement, so as to achieve a change in the polarization angle of the light emitted by the light source 120.

[0040] Please also see Figure 6 and Figure 7 The embodiment of the present application does not limit the specific form of the transmission component 142. For example, in one embodiment, the transmission component 142 may include: a first gear 1421 and a second gear 1422. The first gear 1421 may be meshed with the second gear 1422, and the first gear 1421 may be arranged on the outer periphery of the adjustment tube 141, and the second gear 1422 may be arranged on the outer periphery of the polarizer 130. In this way, the adjustment tube 141 can drive the second gear 1422 to rotate in the process of driving the first gear 1421 to rotate, thereby driving the polarizer 130 to rotate.

[0041] As mentioned above, in this embodiment, the adjusting tube 141 is configured to drive the transmission assembly 142 when the adjusting tube 141 is subjected to a force in the axial direction of the instrument channel 111. Specifically, in this embodiment, the body 110 is further formed with a first mounting cavity 112 and a second mounting cavity 113, and the first mounting cavity 112 and the second mounting cavity 113 can be used to accommodate the first gear 1421 and the second gear 1422 respectively. The first gear 1421 can be arranged in the first mounting cavity 112 and the inner surface of the first gear 1421 can be provided with a first limiting structure 1421a, and the outer surface of the adjusting tube 141 can be provided with a second limiting structure 1414, and one of the first limiting structure 1421a and the second limiting structure 1414 can be a limiting groove, and the other can be a limiting protrusion, and the limiting protrusion can be slidably arranged in the limiting groove, wherein the second limiting structure 1414 can be spirally arranged on the outer surface of the adjusting tube 141. When the adjusting tube 141 moves along the axial direction of the instrument channel 111, the second limiting structure 1414 and the first limiting structure 1421a can cooperate with each other, thereby causing the first gear 1421 to rotate, thereby driving the second gear 1422 to rotate, and finally driving the polarizing plate 130 to rotate. In other words, in this embodiment, the movement of the adjusting tube 141 along the axial direction can be converted into the rotation of the polarizing plate 130, which not only can realize the rotation of the polarizing plate 130 but also is easy to operate.

[0042] Please also see Figure 8 and Fig. 9 Further, in one embodiment, a sidewall of the first gear 1421 in the axial direction and at least one of the inner wall of the first installation cavity 112 are provided with an avoidance structure 170 for reducing the contact area between the first gear 1421 and the first installation cavity 112. The embodiment of the present application does not limit the specific form of the avoidance structure 170. For example, in one embodiment, the avoidance structure 170 may be a protrusion or a groove, etc., which may be specifically configured according to actual conditions.

[0043] Similarly, in one embodiment, an avoidance structure 170 for reducing the contact area between the second gear 1422 and the second mounting cavity 113 is provided on at least one of the axial side walls of the second gear 1422 and the inner walls of the second mounting cavity 113. For details, please refer to the description of the first gear 1421 and the first mounting cavity 112 mentioned above, which will not be repeated here.

[0044] Please also see Figure 4 and Fig.10, the embodiment of the present application does not limit the specific structure of the adjustment tube 141. For example, in one embodiment, the adjustment tube 141 may include a fixing portion 1411, an elastic portion 1412, and an adjustment portion 1413 arranged from the proximal end to the distal end. Based on the above, in this embodiment, the first gear 1421 may be sleeved on the adjustment portion 1413, and the second limiting structure 1414 may be sleeved on the adjustment portion 1413. The fixing portion 1411 may be connected to the inner wall of the instrument channel 111, and the elastic portion 1412 may be configured to drive the adjustment portion 1413 to reset when the external force applied to the adjustment tube 141 disappears. That is to say, in this embodiment, since the adjustment tube 141 has the elastic portion 1412, the adjustment tube 141 may have an automatic reset function, that is, the adjustment tube 141 may automatically return to the instrument channel 111 only after the external force in the axial direction of the adjustment tube 141 is directly removed.

[0045] The embodiments of the present application do not limit the specific structure of the elastic portion 1412. For example, in one embodiment, the elastic portion 1412 may include a bellows 1412a and a spring 1412b, wherein the bellows 1412a may be connected between the fixed portion 1411 and the adjusting portion 1413, the spring 1412b may also be connected between the fixed portion 1411 and the adjusting portion 1413, and the spring 1412b may be arranged in the gap between the corrugations of the bellows 1412a, so that the space of the bellows 1412a can be fully utilized and the restoring force of the elastic portion 1412 can be enhanced.

[0046] Please refer again Figure 4 and Figure 7 In addition, in some embodiments, the adjustment mechanism 140 may further include a driving structure 143, and the driving structure 143 may be connected to the adjustment tube 141, specifically to the adjustment portion 1413, and the driving structure 143 may be used to apply an external force to the adjustment tube 141 to move along the axial direction of the instrument channel 111, so as to drive the adjustment tube 141 to move along the axial direction of the instrument channel 111. The embodiment of the present application does not limit the specific form of the driving structure 143. For example, in one embodiment, the driving structure 143 may be a motor, a cylinder, etc., so that the entire driving structure 143 can be more automated. For another example, in one embodiment, the driving structure 143 may be a rod, and may be configured to be actively controlled by the operator, so that the operator can more clearly control the rotation angle of the polarizer 130.

[0047] In some embodiments, the driving structure 143 can be used to drive the adjusting tube 141 to extend out of the instrument channel 111. In this embodiment, the front end assembly 10 can also include a camera module 150. The camera module 150 can be disposed on the distal surface of the main body 110. During at least part of the movement of the adjusting tube 141 in the instrument channel 111, the distal end of the adjusting portion 1413 is located within the field of view of the camera module 150. This allows the operator to observe the specific position of the adjusting tube 141 while controlling the extension of the adjusting tube 141, thereby avoiding or reducing the possibility of the adjusting tube 141 touching or squeezing the natural cavity in the patient's body due to the adjusting tube 141 extending out of the instrument channel 111.

[0048] Furthermore, in one embodiment, the outer surface of the distal end of the adjustment portion 1413 may also be provided with a scale value, so that the length of the adjustment tube 141 extending out of the instrument channel 111 and the rotation angle of the polarizer 130 are in a one-to-one mapping relationship, thereby facilitating the operator to more intuitively obtain the rotation angle of the polarizer 130 or the extension length of the adjustment tube 141.

[0049] Please refer again Figure 2 and Figure 6 In addition, in some embodiments, the front end component 10 may also include a lighting module 160, which may be disposed on the distal surface of the main body 110. The lighting module 160 may be used to emit light and to illuminate the patient's natural cavity, thereby facilitating the operator to observe the extension of the adjustment tube 141 and the scale value on the outer surface of the distal end of the adjustment portion 1413.

[0050] In summary, the front-end assembly 10 provided in the embodiment of the present application, by setting an adjustment mechanism 140 in the instrument channel 111 of the body 110, and using the adjustment mechanism 140 to drive the polarizer 130 in the body 110 to rotate, the polarizer 130 can change the polarization angle of the light emitted by the light source 120 after passing through the polarizer 130 during the rotation process. In the front-end assembly 10 provided in the embodiment of the present application, the polarization angle of the light passing through the polarizer 130 is adjusted by using the adjustment mechanism 140 provided in the instrument channel 111, which can not only make the light emitted from the front-end assembly 10 have a specified polarization angle, but also make the structure of the entire front-end assembly 10 more compact, thereby helping to reduce the volume of the entire front-end assembly 10, and solve the problem that the light in the soft mirror in the prior art cannot keep passing through the polarizer 130 at a specified angle, and thus cannot ensure that the light has a specified polarization state. When the front-end assembly 10 provided in the embodiment of the present application is applied to the endoscope 1, the above technical problems can also be solved.

[0051] It should be noted that, in this article, the terms "include", "comprises" or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. In the absence of further restrictions, an element defined by the sentence "comprises a ..." does not exclude the existence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or device including the element.

[0052] In addition, it should be noted that the scope of the methods and devices in the embodiments of the present application is not limited to performing functions in the order shown or discussed, and may also include performing functions in a substantially simultaneous manner or in a reverse order according to the functions involved. For example, the described methods may be performed in an order different from that described, and various steps may be added, omitted, or combined. In addition, features described with reference to certain examples may be combined in other examples.

[0053] The above description is only a specific implementation mode of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can easily think of changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, which should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A front end assembly, applied to an endoscope, characterized in that: include: A body, wherein the body is penetrated and formed with an instrument channel; A light source, the light source is disposed in the body and is used to emit light toward the far end of the body; A polarizer, which is disposed in the body and located on the light output path of the light source; as well as, The adjusting mechanism is arranged in the instrument channel, the adjusting mechanism is connected to the polarizing plate, and the adjusting mechanism is used to drive the polarizing plate to rotate so as to change the polarization angle of the polarizing plate to the light.

2. The front end assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adjustment mechanism includes: an adjustment tube and a transmission assembly, wherein the adjustment tube is movably arranged in the instrument channel along the axial direction of the instrument channel, and the transmission assembly is connected between the polarizer and the adjustment tube, and the adjustment tube is configured to drive the transmission assembly and drive the polarizer to rotate when the adjustment tube is subjected to a force along the axial direction of the instrument channel.

3. The front end assembly according to claim 2, characterized in that: A first mounting cavity and a second mounting cavity are also formed in the body, and the transmission assembly includes a first gear and a second gear, the first gear is arranged in the first mounting cavity and arranged on the outer periphery of the adjustment tube, and the second gear is arranged in the second mounting cavity and arranged on the outer periphery of the polarizer; A first limiting structure is provided on the inner surface of the first gear, and a second limiting structure is provided on the outer surface of the adjusting tube. One of the first limiting structure and the second limiting structure is a limiting groove, and the other is a limiting protrusion. The second limiting structure is spirally provided on the outer surface of the adjusting tube.

4. The front end assembly according to claim 3, characterized in that: A relief structure for reducing a contact area between the first gear and the first mounting cavity is provided on at least one of a side wall in the axial direction of the first gear and an inner wall of the first mounting cavity; And / or, a avoidance structure for reducing a contact area between the second gear and the second installation cavity is provided on at least one of a side wall of the second gear in the axial direction and an inner wall of the second installation cavity.

5. The front end assembly according to claim 2, characterized in that: The adjustment mechanism further includes: a driving structure, which is connected to the adjustment tube and is used to apply an external force to the adjustment tube to move along the axial direction of the instrument channel, so as to drive the adjustment tube to move along the axial direction of the instrument channel.

6. The front end assembly according to claim 5, characterized in that The adjusting tube comprises: a fixing portion, an elastic portion and an adjusting portion arranged from the proximal end to the distal end, the fixing portion is connected to the inner wall of the instrument channel, the driving structure is connected to the adjusting portion, and the elastic portion is configured to drive the adjusting portion to reset when the external force applied to the adjusting tube disappears.

7. The front end assembly according to claim 6, characterized in that: The elastic part includes a bellows and a spring. The bellows is connected between the fixing part and the adjusting part. The spring is connected between the fixing part and the adjusting part and is located at a gap between the bellows.

8. The front end assembly according to claim 6, characterized in that: The driving structure is used to drive the adjusting tube to extend out of the instrument channel. The front end component also includes: a camera module, which is arranged on the distal surface of the main body. During at least part of the movement of the adjusting tube in the instrument channel, the distal end of the adjusting part is located within the field of view of the camera module, and the outer surface of the distal end of the adjusting part is provided with a scale value.

9. The front end assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The front end assembly further includes: a lighting module, and the lighting module is arranged on the distal end surface of the body.

10. An endoscope, characterized in that: Comprising a front end assembly as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9.

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