Similar simulation test device and simulation test method for deep-hole blasting of steeply inclined thin ore veins

Abstract

The present invention relates to a similar simulation test device and a simulation test method for deep-hole blasting of steeply inclined thin ore veins. The similar model test device includes an outer frame, a pressurizing device, a bearing plate, a monitoring and acquisition device, and an ore body laying auxiliary device. Bearing plates are arranged above and on the left and right sides inside the outer frame, and the bearing plates are driven to move by the pressurizing device. A number of detachable baffles are respectively arranged on the front and rear sides of the outer frame. The monitoring and acquisition device is used to record the data during the similar model test process, and the ore body laying auxiliary device is used for laying the steeply inclined thin ore vein ore body. The ore body laying auxiliary device includes two mutually hinged forming plates, and an angle adjusting mechanism is arranged between the two forming plates to control the angle between the two forming plates. The present invention can quickly and accurately prepare a steeply inclined ore body model and effectively simulate the blasting process of steeply inclined thin ore veins, providing a scientific means for underground hard rock blasting research and having important practical application value.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a similar model test technology for underground hard rock blasting, and more specifically to a similar simulation test device and method for deep-hole blasting of steeply inclined thin ore veins. Background Art

[0002] Some rare and precious metal resources, such as tungsten, tin, gold, etc., are often hosted in steeply inclined thin ore veins. In order to safely and efficiently mine such mineral resources, medium-deep hole blasting technology is often used to crush and extract the resources. However, due to the narrow ore vein and large stemming effect, the detonation wave has a strong disturbing effect on the surrounding rock of the stope. Therefore, the hard rock blasting disturbance and surrounding rock damage of steeply inclined thin ore veins are difficult problems that have been focused on and studied for a long time in this field.

[0003] Among them, the similar model test is an effective idea and reliable means to accurately solve geotechnical engineering problems. However, in the similar model test, it is difficult to lay the steeply inclined rock strata and reserve the blast holes, the dimensional accuracy is low, the difficulty of blasting similarity simulation is high, and in actual operation, the production and test process of the model often require a large amount of economic investment and time consumption, and the test cost is relatively high. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop a similar simulation test device for deep-hole blasting of steeply inclined thin ore veins that can be quickly laid and a similar model simulation test method for accurate deep-hole blasting simulation. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a similar simulation test device and method for deep-hole blasting of steeply inclined thin ore veins, so as to solve the problems of difficult laying of steeply inclined rock strata and blast hole reservation, low dimensional accuracy, and high difficulty of blasting similarity simulation in the existing similar model test.

[0005] The present invention is implemented as follows: A similar simulation test device for deep-hole blasting of steeply inclined thin ore veins includes an outer frame, a pressurizing device, a bearing plate, a monitoring and acquisition device, and an ore body laying auxiliary device. The outer frame is of a rectangular structure. Bearing plates are arranged above and on the left and right sides inside the outer frame. The bearing plates are driven by the pressurizing device to move. A number of detachable baffles are respectively arranged on the front and back sides of the outer frame. The monitoring and acquisition device is used to record the data during the similar model test process. The ore body laying auxiliary device is used for laying the steeply inclined thin ore vein ore body. The ore body laying auxiliary device includes two mutually hinged forming plates. The shape of the forming plate is a cuboid. The length of the forming plate is the same as the thickness of the outer frame. An angle adjusting mechanism is arranged between the two forming plates to control the angle between the two forming plates.

[0006] Further, it also includes a blast hole reservation auxiliary device, and the blast hole reservation auxiliary device includes an arc-shaped positioning plate, a blast hole mold, a connecting strip and a limiting plate. The arc-shaped positioning plate is of a semi-circular structure, and a plurality of positioning grooves are formed along the edge of the arc-shaped positioning plate. The connecting strip is connected to the arc-shaped positioning plate. The lower end of the blast hole mold is rotatably connected to the connecting strip through a connecting piece, and the connecting piece is located at the center of the circle of the arc-shaped positioning plate.

[0007] Further, the monitoring and acquisition device includes a static strain tester, a dynamic signal acquisition and analyzer, dynamic acquisition strain bricks, static acquisition strain bricks, earth pressure cells, acceleration sensors and DIC devices. The DIC devices include high-definition cameras, camera brackets and fill lights.

[0008] Further, the pressurizing device includes a plurality of hydraulic jacks, and each hydraulic jack is connected with a hydraulic pump. A pressure gauge for displaying the magnitude of the pressure is arranged on the hydraulic pump. At least two hydraulic jacks are respectively arranged above and on the left and right sides inside the outer frame, and the bearing plate is connected to the end of the hydraulic jack.

[0009] Further, the angle adjustment mechanism includes a fixing strip, and a plurality of fixing columns are arranged at the end edge of the forming plate. The two ends of the fixing strip are respectively connected to one fixing column on two forming plates.

[0010] A similar simulation experiment method for deep-hole blasting of steeply inclined thin ore veins is realized based on a similar simulation test device for deep-hole blasting of steeply inclined thin ore veins, and includes the following steps.

[0011] a. Configure two kinds of mortar materials with different mechanical properties as required, one for simulating the ore body and the other for simulating the surrounding rock.

[0012] b. Lay the mortar materials layer by layer from bottom to top between the left and right bearing plates to obtain a similar model; before laying a layer of mortar material, detachably install baffles with corresponding heights on the front and back sides of the outer frame. For each layer, lay the footwall surrounding rock first, then the ore body, and finally the hanging wall surrounding rock in sequence, and use the ore body laying auxiliary device to control the inclination angle of the ore body; when the mortar material is laid to the pre-mining area, carry out blast hole reservation and embedding according to the design of the mine blasting parameters.

[0013] c. During the laying process of the similar model, embed acceleration sensors, earth pressure cells, dynamic acquisition and static acquisition strain bricks at designated positions according to the pre-designed measuring point layout scheme.

[0014] d. After the similar model is laid, carry out maintenance. After the similar model is maintained, apply appropriate confining pressure to the similar model through the pressurizing device to simulate the in-situ stress.

[0015] e. Prepare a speckle pattern on the surface of the similarity model.

[0016] f. Connect the earth pressure cell, static acquisition strain brick and static strain tester, and connect the acceleration sensor, dynamic acquisition strain brick and dynamic signal acquisition and analyzer to record the stress, deformation and vibration acceleration data during the similarity model test. Set up a DIC device on the side of the similarity model with the speckle pattern to record the surface deformation field during the similarity model test.

[0017] g. Starting from the side of the similarity model with the speckle image, blast section by section from the outside to the inside. Stuff the blasting source into the blast hole and initiate the detonation. Each time a blasting excavation process is simulated, turn on all the monitoring and acquisition devices to record the data.

[0018] h. Analyze the recorded stress, strain, vibration acceleration and surface deformation field to evaluate the mechanical properties of the steeply inclined roof under blasting vibration and study the influence of different blasting disturbances on the stability of the underground stope.

[0019] Further, when laying the footwall surrounding rock, after adjusting the angle between the two forming plates on the ore body laying auxiliary device according to the actual occurrence form of the ore body, install the ore body laying auxiliary device at the boundary between the footwall surrounding rock and the ore body, and lay the footwall surrounding rock in the reserved space; after the footwall surrounding rock is laid, move the ore body laying auxiliary device until the ore body laying space is reserved, and again adjust the angle between the two forming plates on the ore body laying auxiliary device according to the actual occurrence form of the ore body, and lay the ore body in the space reserved between the footwall surrounding rock and the ore body laying auxiliary device; after the ore body is laid, remove the ore body laying auxiliary device, and lay the hanging wall surrounding rock in the remaining space of the layer.

[0020] Further, when laying to the pre-mining area, excavate a drilling roadway at the lower part of the ore body in the pre-mining area, place the blast hole reservation auxiliary device in the reserved ore body laying space, adjust the angle of the blast hole mold, and then lay the ore body; when laying the next layer, first remove the blast hole mold, disassemble the blast hole mold from the rest of the blast hole reservation auxiliary device, pull out the blast hole mold upward along its own axis, and take out the rest of the blast hole reservation auxiliary device through the bottom drilling roadway. After the footwall surrounding rock is laid, reinstall the blast hole mold, lay the ore body and the hanging wall surrounding rock, and then remove the blast hole reservation auxiliary device to form blast holes.

[0021] Further, layer by layer embed the blast hole reservation auxiliary device with a demoulding agent coated on the outer wall inside the ore body along the ore body strike, and the embedding direction of the blast hole reservation auxiliary device is perpendicular to the ore body strike.

[0022] The present invention can quickly lay a similar model for deep-hole blasting of steeply inclined thin ore veins by using an ore body laying auxiliary device, and can effectively ensure the dimensional accuracy of the laying, reduce the economic input and time consumption in the model production and test process, reduce the test cost and difficulty, and ensure the accuracy of the experiment.

[0023] The present invention can quickly and accurately prepare a steeply inclined ore body model and effectively simulate the blasting process of steeply inclined thin ore veins, providing a scientific means for underground hard rock blasting research and having important practical application value. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0024] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of a similar simulation test device for deep-hole blasting of steeply inclined thin ore veins of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 2 It is a front view of the outer frame of a similar simulation test device for deep-hole blasting of steeply inclined thin ore veins of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 3 It is a front view of the outer frame of a similar simulation test device for deep-hole blasting of steeply inclined thin ore veins of the present invention after removing the side baffle.

[0027] Figure 4 It is a schematic structural diagram of an ore body auxiliary laying device in a similar simulation test device for deep-hole blasting of steeply inclined thin ore veins of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 5 It is a schematic structural diagram of a blast hole reservation auxiliary device in a similar simulation test device for deep-hole blasting of steeply inclined thin ore veins of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of laying the footwall surrounding rock in a similar simulation experiment of deep-hole blasting of steeply inclined thin ore veins of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of laying the ore body in a similar simulation experiment of deep-hole blasting of steeply inclined thin ore veins of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of laying the first layer of ore body in the pre-mining area in a similar simulation experiment of deep-hole blasting of steeply inclined thin ore veins of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 9 It is a schematic diagram of laying the second layer of footwall surrounding rock in the pre-mining area in a similar simulation experiment of deep-hole blasting of steeply inclined thin ore veins of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 10 It is a schematic diagram of laying the second layer of ore body in the pre-mining area in a similar simulation experiment of deep-hole blasting of steeply inclined thin ore veins of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 11It is a schematic diagram of laying a similarity model above the pre-mining area in the similar simulation experiment of deep-hole blasting for steeply inclined thin ore veins of the present invention.

[0035] In the figure: 1. Outer frame; 2. Bearing plate; 3. Pressing device; 4. Similarity model; 5. Ore body laying auxiliary device; 6. Blasthole reservation auxiliary device; 7. Static strain tester; 8. Dynamic signal acquisition and analyzer; 9. High-definition camera; 10. Camera support; 11. Fill light; 12. Removable baffle; 13. Drifting roadway; 3-1. Hydraulic jack; 4-1. Footwall surrounding rock; 4-2. Ore body; 4-3. Hanging wall surrounding rock; 5-1. Forming plate; 5-2. Hinge; 5-3. Fixed strip; 5-4. Fixed column; 6-1. Arc-shaped positioning plate; 6-2. Limiting plate; 6-3. Connecting strip; 6-4. Connector; 6-5. Blasthole mold; 6-6. Positioning groove. Detailed implementation manners

[0036] Next, the technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts based on the embodiments in the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

[0037] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation of the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", "third", etc. are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0038] Embodiment 1

[0039] As Figures 1 - 5 shown, this embodiment is a similar simulation test device for deep-hole blasting of steeply inclined thin ore veins, and its structure mainly includes an outer frame 1, a pressing device 3, a bearing plate 2, monitoring and acquisition equipment, an ore body laying auxiliary device 5, and a blasthole reservation auxiliary device 6.

[0040] Among them, the outer frame 1 is a rectangular structure and is the main structure of the test device for the similar model 4. The four side plates of the outer frame 1 have a certain length in the front-back direction. Pressure-bearing plates 2 are arranged above the inner part of the outer frame 1 and on the left and right sides. The length of the pressure-bearing plate 2 in the front-back direction is the same as that of the outer frame 1 in the front-back direction. A rectangular laying area for the similar model 4 is formed by the three pressure-bearing plates 2 and the side plates at the lower part of the outer frame 1. The three pressure-bearing plates 2 are respectively driven by a pressurizing device 3 to move in a direction perpendicular to their own surfaces.

[0041] Generally, the space of the laying area for the similar model 4 is 1.1 m (length) × 1.0 m (height) × 0.4 m (thickness).

[0042] During the laying stage of the similar model 4, the pressure-bearing plate 2 is used to limit the size and dimensions of the similar model 4. During the blasting simulation stage, the pressure-bearing plate 2 is used to apply the required pressure to the similar model 4.

[0043] Meanwhile, a number of detachable baffles 12 are respectively arranged on the front and back sides of the outer frame 1. The left and right sides of the detachable baffle 12 and the side plates on the left and right sides of the outer frame 1 are detachably connected by bolts. The heights of the detachable baffles 12 are the same and equal to the height of each layer during the layered laying of the similar model 4. When laying the similar model 4, the thickness of the similar model 4 in the front-back direction is limited by the detachable baffles 12 on the front and back sides.

[0044] Specifically, the height of the detachable baffle is 10 cm.

[0045] Due to the large dip angle of the ore body 4-2 in the steeply inclined thin ore vein, it is difficult to lay the ore body 4-2 part in the similar model 4, and it is difficult to accurately control the position and size of the ore body 4-2. The present invention uses an ore body laying auxiliary device 5 to assist in laying the similar model 4. The ore body laying auxiliary device 5 includes two mutually hinged forming plates 5-1. The shape of the forming plate 5-1 is a cuboid. The length of the forming plate 5-1 is the same as the thickness of the outer frame 1 in the front-back direction. An angle adjusting mechanism is arranged between the two forming plates 5-1, and the angle adjusting mechanism can adjust and control the angle between the two forming plates 5-1.

[0046] When laying the similar model 4, one forming plate 5-1 of the ore body laying auxiliary device 5 is horizontally placed on the side plate at the bottom of the outer frame 1 or on the upper surface of the lower layer model that has been laid, and the angle of the other forming plate 5-1 is adjusted to be consistent with the inclination angle of the interface between the actual ore body 4-2 and the footwall surrounding rock 4-1 or the hanging wall surrounding rock 4-3. The width of the forming plate 5-1 is greater than the height of the detachable baffle 12, so that the upper side of the inclined forming plate 5-1 is always higher than the upper side of the detachable baffle 12 of the same layer within a certain inclination angle range. Using the ore body laying auxiliary device 5 can effectively ensure the accuracy of the angle and size of the ore body 4-2, improve the laying speed, and reduce the laying difficulty.

[0047] The two forming plates 5-1 are connected to each other by a hinge 5-2, and the two forming plates 5-1 rotate around the hinge axis of the hinge 5-2 to adjust the included angle between the two forming plates 5-1. After adjusting the angle, an angle adjustment mechanism is also required to fix the forming plate 5-1 at a specific angle to avoid angle changes during the laying process.

[0048] The angle adjustment mechanism can have various forms as long as it can realize the adjustment of the angle between the two forming plates 5-1. In this embodiment, an implementation manner of the angle adjustment mechanism is given, and its structure includes a fixed strip 5-3 and a fixed column 5-4. A number of fixed columns 5-4 are respectively arranged on the end faces of the two forming plates 5-1. One end of the fixed strip 5-3 is sleeved on a fixed column 5-4 on the end face of the horizontal forming plate 5-1, and the other end is sleeved on a fixed column 5-4 on the end face of the inclined forming plate 5-1. Connecting the two ends of the fixed strip 5-3 to different fixed columns 5-4 can limit different angles between the two forming plates 5-1. The positions of the fixed columns 5-4 can be determined in advance according to needs. Different included angles of the forming plates 5-1 can be obtained by the combination of different fixed columns 5-4 on the two forming plates 5-1 and the length-determined fixed strip 5-3. Different lengths of the fixed strip 5-3 can also be prepared according to needs to obtain different included angles of the forming plates 5-1.

[0049] In the pre-mining area, blast holes need to be reserved. To ensure the accuracy of the position and angle of the blast holes, the present invention uses a blast hole reservation auxiliary device 6 to reserve blast holes in the similar model 4.

[0050] The blast hole reservation auxiliary device 6 includes an arc-shaped positioning plate 6-1, a blast hole mold 6-5, a connecting strip 6-3, and a limiting plate 6-2. The arc-shaped positioning plate 6-1 is a semi-circular structure, and a number of positioning grooves 6-6 are opened along the edge of one side of the arc-shaped positioning plate 6-1. The connecting strip 6-3 is connected to the arc-shaped positioning plate 6-1. The lower end of the blast hole mold 6-5 is rotatably connected to the connecting strip 6-3 through a connecting piece 6-4, and the connecting piece 6-4 is located at the center of the arc-shaped positioning plate 6-1.

[0051] The blast hole die 6-5 is of a cylindrical structure, and its diameter and length are determined according to requirements. A through hole passing through the axis is provided at its lower end, and the through hole is used to connect the connecting piece 6-4.

[0052] The connecting piece 6-4 is generally a bolt, and a nut is screwed on the bolt. After loosening the nut, the blast hole die 6-5 can swing around the bolt, so as to adjust the angle of the blast hole die 6-5. Place the blast hole die 6-5 in the corresponding positioning groove 6-6, and tighten the nut to fix the blast hole die 6-5 in the corresponding positioning groove 6-6, so as to fix the angle of the blast hole die 6-5. When laying the similar model 4, the change of the angle of the blast hole die 6-5 can be avoided, so as to ensure the accuracy of the angle of the blast hole die 6-5.

[0053] Among them, the positioning groove 6-6 is of an arc structure. The positioning grooves 6-6 can be evenly distributed along the arc-shaped positioning plate 6-1, and the included angle between the connecting lines of the centers of two adjacent positioning grooves 6-6 and the arc-shaped positioning plate 6-1 is 10°. Scales are provided on the arc-shaped positioning plate 6-1, and the angle corresponding to the positioning groove 6-6 can be quickly read through the scales.

[0054] The positioning grooves 6-6 can also be set according to requirements, so that the included angle between the connecting lines of several positioning grooves 6-6 on the arc-shaped positioning plate 6-1 and the center of the arc-shaped positioning plate 6-1 and the horizontal plane is the required angle.

[0055] At the same time, by adopting the connection method of bolts and nuts, the nut can be unscrewed from the bolt, so as to facilitate the separation of the blast hole die 6-5 from the connecting bar 6-3, and the blast hole die 6-5 can be conveniently removed.

[0056] Both ends of the connecting bar 6-3 are connected to both ends of the semi-circular arc-shaped positioning plate 6-1. The center of the connecting bar 6-3 is the center of the arc-shaped positioning plate 6-1. There are two limiting plates 6-2. One of the limiting plates 6-2 is fixedly connected to the center of the connecting bar 6-3. The lower end of the blast hole die 6-5 is arranged between the two limiting plates 6-2. The connecting piece 6-4 passes through both limiting plates 6-2 and the lower end of the blast hole die 6-5 at the same time. When the nut of the connecting piece 6-4 is tightened, the blast hole die 6-5 can be fixed. When the nut of the connecting piece 6-4 is loosened, the blast hole die 6-5 can rotate around the bolt. When the nut and the outer limiting plate 6-2 are removed, the blast hole die 6-5 can be separated from the arc-shaped positioning plate 6-1. The limiting plate 6-2 can prevent the friction and wear of the nut rotation on the blast hole die 6-5.

[0057] The monitoring and acquisition equipment includes a static strain tester 7, a dynamic signal acquisition and analyzer 8, dynamic acquisition strain bricks, static acquisition strain bricks, earth pressure cells, acceleration sensors, and DIC equipment. The DIC equipment includes a high-definition camera 9, a camera bracket 10, and a fill light 11. The acceleration sensor is used to monitor the blasting disturbances received at different positions of the similarity model 4, the earth pressure cell is used to monitor the stress evolution law of the similarity model 4 during the mining process, and the strain bricks are used to collect the deformation characteristic signals of the surrounding rock mass and the roof of the stope during the stope excavation process of the similarity model 4.

[0058] Among them, the static strain tester 7 is specifically the JM3813 static strain tester 7, the dynamic signal acquisition and analyzer 8 is specifically the YSV8016 dynamic signal acquisition and analyzer 8, the earth pressure cell is specifically the BW earth pressure cell, and the acceleration sensor is specifically the ICP acceleration sensor.

[0059] The DIC equipment is used to monitor the surface displacement and deformation of the similarity model 4. A speckle pattern is prepared on the surface of the similarity model 4. During the experiment of the similarity model 4, the fill light 11 is used to fill light the surface of the similarity model 4, facilitating the high-definition camera 9 to record clear surface images of the similarity model 4. According to the change of the speckle pattern, the surface deformation field of the similarity model 4 can be obtained.

[0060] The pressurizing device 3 includes a number of hydraulic jacks 3-1. Each hydraulic jack 3-1 is connected to a hydraulic pump, and a pressure gauge for displaying the pressure magnitude is provided on the hydraulic pump. The hydraulic jack 3-1 is a high-precision hydraulic jack 3-1, and the hydraulic pump can be a hand-operated hydraulic pump. At least two hydraulic jacks 3-1 are respectively provided above and on the left and right sides inside the outer frame 1, and the bearing plate 2 is connected to the end of the hydraulic jack 3-1.

[0061] During the experiment of the similarity model 4, the pressure applied by the hydraulic jack 3-1 to the bearing plate 2 is controlled by the hand-operated hydraulic pump, so as to control the pressure applied by the bearing plate 2 to the similarity model 4. The pressure applied to the similarity model 4 is determined according to the experimental needs.

[0062] Embodiment 2

[0063] As Figures 6 - 11 shown, this embodiment is a similarity simulation experiment method for deep-hole blasting of steeply inclined thin ore veins, which is realized based on the similarity simulation test device for deep-hole blasting of steeply inclined thin ore veins in Embodiment 1, and specifically includes the following steps.

[0064] a. Prepare two kinds of mortar materials with different mechanical properties as needed, one for simulating the ore body 4-2 and the other for simulating the surrounding rock.

[0065] The ratio of the mortar is determined according to needs. In this embodiment, one of the ratios is given, wherein the mortar ratio used to simulate the ore body 4-2 is a water-to-solid ratio of 1:7, and the mass ratio of quartz sand: lime: gypsum is 14:0.5:0.5. The mortar ratio used to simulate the surrounding rock is a water-to-solid ratio of 1:9, and the mass ratio of quartz sand: lime: gypsum is 9:0.6:0.4.

[0066] b. Mortar is laid layer by layer from bottom to top between the left and right pressure plates 2 to obtain a similar model 4. During the laying process, a flat-bottomed object with a certain weight is used to knock and vibrate the mortar so that each area of ​​the similar model 4 is dense and the porosity is basically the same. Before laying a layer of mortar, detachable baffles 12 of corresponding heights are installed on the front and rear sides of the outer frame 1. For each layer, the lower surrounding rock 4-1 is laid first, then the ore body 4-2, and finally the upper surrounding rock 4-3 is laid. The ore body laying auxiliary device 5 is used to control the inclination angle of the ore body 4-2.

[0067] At the same time, when the mortar material is laid in the pre-mining area, blastholes are reserved and buried according to the mine blasting parameter design.

[0068] c. During the laying process of the similar model 4, acceleration sensors, earth pressure boxes, dynamic collection and static collection strain bricks are embedded in the designated locations according to the pre-designed measurement point arrangement plan.

[0069] d. After the similar model 4 is laid, it is cured under natural conditions for 21 days. After the curing of the similar model 4 is completed, the uneven surface of the similar model 4 is gently polished with sandpaper, and then a high-precision hydraulic jack 3-1 and a hand-cranked hydraulic pump are used to apply appropriate confining pressure to the model to simulate ground stress.

[0070] e. Prepare the speckle pattern on the surface of similar model 4. First, select the side of similar model 4 with better light and apply white plaster water on the surface of similar model 4. After air drying, use a cotton swab dipped in matte black paint to prepare speckle black spots, and make the black spots evenly distributed on the surface of similar model 4. After completion, use smaller black spots to appropriately encrypt around the vein to improve the accuracy of DIC monitoring deformation field.

[0071] f. Connect the soil pressure box and static collection strain brick to the static strain tester 7, and connect the acceleration sensor and dynamic collection strain brick to the dynamic signal acquisition analyzer 8 to record the stress, deformation and vibration acceleration data during the test of the similar model 4; set up a DIC device on the side of the similar model 4 with a speckle pattern to record the surface deformation field during the test of the similar model 4. The dynamic and static collection instruments are connected to the intelligent computer to monitor and record stress, deformation and vibration acceleration data. Set up the monitoring and collection equipment and debug it.

[0072] g. After the commissioning of the monitoring and acquisition equipment is completed, the self-similar model 4 is detonated section by section from the outside to the inside on the side with speckle images, and the blasting source is filled and the blasting simulation of the similar model 4 is carried out. The blasting source is stuffed into the blast holes and detonated, and all the monitoring and acquisition equipment is turned on to record data every time a blasting is carried out during the simulated blasting excavation process.

[0073] h. Analyze the recorded stress, strain, vibration acceleration and surface deformation field, evaluate the mechanical properties of the steeply inclined ore chamber under blasting vibration, and study the influence of different blasting disturbances on the stability of the underground stope.

[0074] Specifically, in step d, when laying each layer of the similar model 4, the footwall surrounding rock 4-1 is laid first, then the ore body 4-2 is laid, and finally the hanging wall surrounding rock 4-3 is laid. As Figures 6 - 11 shown, in this embodiment, taking the ore body 4-2 inclined to the right as an example, in each layer of similar design, the right-side footwall surrounding rock 4-1 is laid first, then the middle inclined ore body 4-2 is laid, and finally the left-side hanging wall surrounding rock 4-3 is laid. When laying the footwall surrounding rock 4-1, adjust the included angle between the two forming plates 5-1 on the ore body laying auxiliary device 5 according to the actual occurrence form of the ore body 4-2, so that the angle of the inclined forming plate 5-1 is consistent with the inclination angle of the interface between the actual ore body 4-2 and the footwall surrounding rock 4-1 at the corresponding position, and install the ore body laying auxiliary device 5 at the boundary between the footwall surrounding rock 4-1 and the ore body 4-2. Place the horizontal forming plate 5-1 on the top surface of the lower side plate of the outer frame 1 or the top surface of the lower-layer similar model 4, adjust the position of the ore body laying auxiliary device 5, so that the position of the outer side surface of the inclined forming plate 5-1 coincides with the position of the interface between the ore body 4-2 and the footwall surrounding rock 4-1, and use the mortar material simulating the surrounding rock to lay the footwall surrounding rock 4-1 in the space on the right side of the ore body laying auxiliary device 5. After the footwall surrounding rock 4-1 is laid, move the ore body laying auxiliary device 5 to the left until the laying space for the ore body 4-2 is reserved, and adjust the included angle between the two forming plates 5-1 on the ore body laying auxiliary device 5 again according to the actual occurrence form of the ore body 4-2, so that the inclination angle of the inclined forming plate 5-1 is consistent with the inclination angle of the interface between the actual ore body 4-2 and the hanging wall surrounding rock 4-3 at the corresponding position, and use the mortar material simulating the ore body 4-2 to lay the ore body 4-2 in the reserved space between the footwall surrounding rock 4-1 and the ore body laying auxiliary device 5. After the ore body 4-2 is laid, take out the ore body laying auxiliary device 5, and use the mortar material simulating the surrounding rock to lay the hanging wall surrounding rock 4-3 in the remaining space of the layer.

[0075] Among them, when laying to the pre-mining area, as Figure 8As shown in the figure, a drilling roadway 13 is excavated at the lower part of the ore body 4-2 in the pre-mining area. After laying the footwall surrounding rock 4-1 using the ore body laying auxiliary device 5 in this layer of the similarity model 4, a blast hole reservation auxiliary device 6 is placed in the reserved laying space of the ore body 4-2. The arc-shaped positioning plate 6-1 and the connecting strip 6-3 of the blast hole reservation auxiliary device 6 are placed in the drilling roadway 13, and the blast hole mold 6-5 extends upward. The angle of the blast hole mold 6-5 is adjusted according to the design of the mine blasting parameters. Then, a space for laying the ore body 4-2 is reserved through the ore body laying auxiliary device 5, and the ore body 4-2 is laid. After the laying of the ore body 4-2 is completed, the hanging wall surrounding rock 4-3 is laid. As Figure 9 shown, when laying the next layer, first remove the blast hole mold 6-5, disassemble the blast hole mold 6-5 from other parts of the blast hole reservation auxiliary device 6, pull out the blast hole mold 6-5 from the upper part, and pull out the remaining parts of the blast hole reservation auxiliary device 6 through the bottom drilling roadway 13; as Figure 10 shown, after the laying of the footwall surrounding rock 4-1 is completed, reinstall the blast hole mold 6-5 and lay the ore body 4-2 and the hanging wall surrounding rock 4-3, as Figure 11 shown, after the laying of the pre-mining area is completed, remove the blast hole reservation auxiliary device 6 to form blast holes. The similarity model 4 above the pre-mining area continues to be laid according to the foregoing steps until the laying of the entire similarity device is completed.

[0076] In order to facilitate the removal of the blast hole reservation auxiliary device 6, a release agent is coated on the outer wall of the blast hole reservation auxiliary device 6. The release agent can specifically be vaseline. The blast hole reservation auxiliary device 6 with the release agent coated on its outer wall is embedded layer by layer inside the ore body 4-2 along the trend of the ore body 4-2. The embedding direction of the blast hole reservation auxiliary device 6 is perpendicular to the trend of the ore body 4-2.

[0077] By using the ore body laying auxiliary device 5 and the blast hole reservation auxiliary device 6 to cooperate, the laying of the similarity model 4 and the reservation of blast holes can be completed quickly, the accuracy of the dip angle of the ore body 4-2 can be effectively guaranteed, the accuracy of the blasting similarity simulation can be improved, the economic input and time consumption can be reduced, and the test cost can be lowered.

[0078] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements on some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A similar simulation test device for deep hole blasting of steeply inclined thin ore veins, characterized in that: It includes an outer frame, a pressurizing device, a pressure plate, a monitoring and collecting device, and an ore body laying auxiliary device. The outer frame is a rectangular structure. Pressure plates are arranged on the upper part and on the left and right sides of the outer frame. The pressure plates are driven to move by the pressurizing device. A number of detachable baffles are arranged on the front and rear sides of the outer frame respectively. The monitoring and collecting device is used to record data of a similar model test process. The ore body laying auxiliary device is used for laying a steeply inclined thin vein ore body. The ore body laying auxiliary device includes two mutually hinged forming plates. The forming plates are in the shape of a cuboid. The length of the forming plates is consistent with the thickness of the outer frame. An angle adjustment mechanism is arranged between the two forming plates to control the angle between the two forming plates. It also includes a blasthole reservation auxiliary device, which includes an arc-shaped positioning plate, a blasthole mold, a connecting strip and a limit plate. The arc-shaped positioning plate is a semicircular structure, and a plurality of positioning grooves are opened along the edge of the arc-shaped positioning plate. The connecting strip is connected to the arc-shaped positioning plate, and the lower end of the blasthole mold is rotatably connected to the connecting strip through a connecting piece, and the connecting piece is located at the center of the arc-shaped positioning plate.

2. The similarity simulation test device for deep hole blasting of steeply inclined thin ore veins according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The monitoring and acquisition equipment includes a static strain tester, a dynamic signal acquisition analyzer, a dynamic acquisition strain brick, a static acquisition strain brick, an earth pressure box, an acceleration sensor and a DIC device. The DIC device includes a high-definition camera, a camera bracket and a fill light.

3. The similarity simulation test device for deep hole blasting of steeply inclined thin ore veins according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The pressurizing device includes a plurality of hydraulic jacks, each of which is connected to a hydraulic pump, on which a pressure gauge for displaying the pressure is arranged. At least two hydraulic jacks are arranged above and on both sides of the outer frame, respectively, and the pressure plate is connected to the ends of the hydraulic jacks.

4. The similarity simulation test device for deep hole blasting of steeply inclined thin ore veins according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The angle adjustment mechanism comprises a fixing strip, and a plurality of fixing columns are arranged at the end edges of the forming plate, and the two ends of the fixing strip are respectively connected to a fixing column on the two forming plates.

5. A similar simulation experimental method for deep hole blasting of steeply inclined thin ore veins, characterized in that: The similarity simulation test device for deep hole blasting of steeply inclined thin ore veins according to any one of claims 1 to 4 is implemented, characterized in that it includes the following steps: a. Prepare two mortar materials with different mechanical properties as needed, one for simulating the ore body and the other for simulating the surrounding rock; b. Mortar is laid layer by layer from bottom to top between the left and right pressure plates to obtain a similar model; before laying a layer of mortar, removable baffles of corresponding heights are installed on the front and rear sides of the outer frame respectively, and each layer is laid in the order of first laying the lower surrounding rock, then laying the ore body, and finally laying the upper surrounding rock, and the inclination angle of the ore body is controlled by the auxiliary device for laying the ore body; when the mortar is laid to the pre-mining area, the blastholes are reserved and buried according to the mine blasting parameter design; c. During the laying of similar models, acceleration sensors, earth pressure cells, dynamic and static strain bricks are embedded in designated locations according to the pre-designed measurement point layout plan; d. After the similar model is laid, it is cured. After the similar model is cured, appropriate confining pressure is applied to the similar model through a pressure device to simulate ground stress; e. Prepare speckle patterns on the surface of similar models; f. Connect the soil pressure box and the static strain brick to the static strain tester, connect the acceleration sensor and the dynamic strain brick to the dynamic signal acquisition analyzer to record the stress, deformation and vibration acceleration data during the similar model test, and set the DIC device on the side of the similar model with the speckle pattern to record the surface deformation field during the similar model test; g. The self-similar model has a speckle image side that is blasted from the outside to the inside in sections, and the blasting source is filled into the blasthole and detonated. Each blasting process simulates the blasting excavation process, and all monitoring and collection equipment are turned on to record data; h. Analyze the recorded stress, strain, vibration acceleration and surface deformation fields to evaluate the mechanical properties of the steeply inclined roof under blasting vibration and study the effects of different blasting disturbances on the stability of underground stopes.

6. The similarity simulation experimental method for deep hole blasting of steeply inclined thin ore veins according to claim 5 is characterized in that: When laying the lower plate surrounding rock, after adjusting the angle between the two forming plates on the ore body laying auxiliary device according to the actual occurrence form of the ore body, install the ore body laying auxiliary device at the boundary between the lower plate surrounding rock and the ore body, and lay the lower plate surrounding rock in the reserved space; after the lower plate surrounding rock is laid, move the ore body laying auxiliary device until the ore body laying space is reserved, adjust the angle between the two forming plates on the ore body laying auxiliary device according to the actual occurrence form of the ore body again, and lay the ore body in the space reserved between the lower plate surrounding rock and the ore body laying auxiliary device; after the ore body is laid, take out the ore body laying auxiliary device, and lay the upper plate surrounding rock in the remaining space of the layer.

7. The similarity simulation experimental method for deep hole blasting of steeply inclined thin ore veins according to claim 6 is characterized in that: When laying to the pre-mining area, a rock drilling tunnel is excavated under the ore body in the pre-mining area, a blasthole reservation auxiliary device is placed in the reserved ore body laying space, the angle of the blasthole mold is adjusted, and then the ore body is laid; when laying the next layer, the blasthole mold is first removed, the blasthole mold and the rest of the blasthole reservation auxiliary device are separated, the blasthole mold is pulled out upward along its own axial direction, and the rest of the blasthole reservation auxiliary device is taken out through the bottom rock drilling tunnel. After completing the laying of the lower plate surrounding rock, the blasthole mold is reinstalled, the ore body and the upper plate surrounding rock are laid, and then the blasthole reservation auxiliary device is removed to form a blasthole.

8. The similarity simulation experimental method for deep hole blasting of steeply inclined thin ore veins according to claim 6 is characterized in that: A blasthole pre-installed auxiliary device with an outer wall coated with a release agent is pre-buried layer by layer inside the ore body along the direction of the ore body. The blasthole pre-installed auxiliary device is buried in a direction perpendicular to the direction of the ore body.

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