A method for manufacturing a glass pressed photovoltaic thermal coupling structure

Abstract

The present invention provides a method for manufacturing a glass pressed photovoltaic thermal coupling structure, comprising: preparing a semi-transparent photovoltaic cell; preparing a thermal reflector; using high light transmittance glass to press and package the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell and the thermal reflector to form a glass pressed photovoltaic thermal coupling structure. The present invention achieves a close fit between the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell and the thermal reflector by glass pressing, which can effectively reduce the use of mechanical structures and fixings, reduce manufacturing costs and installation difficulties, and the manufactured glass pressed photovoltaic thermal coupling structure has good light transmission effect and durability, better structural stability, and can be applied to tower thermal power stations, trough thermal power stations, Fresnel thermal power stations, dish thermal power stations and other thermal power stations, and is particularly suitable for photovoltaic thermal integration systems with high requirements for durability and resistance to climate change, as well as applications that are subject to environmental factors such as wind, rain, and ultraviolet rays for a long time.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaic-thermal coupling structure manufacturing, and in particular to a method for manufacturing a glass pressed photovoltaic-thermal coupling structure. Background Art

[0002] Photovoltaic-thermal coupling technology provides an integrated and efficient solution for the comprehensive utilization of solar energy resources. By realizing photovoltaic and photothermal conversion in the same system, this technology can significantly improve energy utilization, which is especially important in building photovoltaic integration and large-scale ground power stations. It can not only reduce the system footprint, but also provide diversified functions for building energy supply. It is one of the key technologies to achieve the integration of energy transformation and green buildings.

[0003] However, the performance degradation of traditional flexible bonding and mechanical fixing methods is more obvious in long-term use. For example, under the combined effects of ultraviolet radiation, rain erosion, and changes in temperature between day and night, the interfaces of these bonding methods are prone to cracking or aging, resulting in degradation of photovoltaic module performance. In addition, in application scenarios with high reliability requirements, such as extreme climate conditions or long-term stable operation projects, traditional bonding methods often cannot meet the requirements of durability and resistance to environmental changes. Summary of the invention

[0004] In response to the above problems, the present invention proposes a method for manufacturing a glass pressed photovoltaic thermal coupling structure, which uses high-strength, high-transmittance glass to firmly combine the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell with the thermal reflector, thereby forming an integrated high-sealing structure. The high transmittance and excellent mechanical strength of the glass not only ensure the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell, but also enhance the impact resistance and aging resistance of the structure. The glass pressed photovoltaic thermal coupling structure is particularly suitable for large-scale photovoltaic thermal power stations that require long-term stable operation and harsh climate environments, such as deserts, plateaus and coastal areas, and lays a solid foundation for the development of photovoltaic thermal technology in extreme application scenarios.

[0005] The present invention provides a method for manufacturing a glass pressed photovoltaic light-thermal coupling structure, comprising:

[0006] Preparation of semi-transparent photovoltaic cells;

[0007] Preparation of photothermal reflectors;

[0008] High-transmittance glass is used to press-package the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell and the photothermal reflector to form a glass-pressed photovoltaic-photothermal coupling structure.

[0009] The glass pressed photovoltaic-thermal coupling structure can be applied to tower-type solar thermal power stations, trough-type solar thermal power stations, Fresnel-type solar thermal power stations, dish-type solar thermal power stations and other solar thermal power stations. The glass pressed photovoltaic-thermal coupling structure is suitable for photovoltaic-thermal integrated systems with high requirements for durability and climate change resistance, such as high-efficiency solar thermal cogeneration systems, large-scale solar thermal power generation systems, building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV), etc. It is also suitable for applications that are subject to long-term environmental factors such as wind, rain, and ultraviolet rays.

[0010] According to a method for manufacturing a glass pressed photovoltaic thermal coupling structure provided by the present invention, a semi-transparent photovoltaic cell and a thermal reflector are pressed together by using high light transmittance glass, specifically comprising:

[0011] The semi-transparent photovoltaic cell and the photothermal reflector are laminated and arranged on the surface, and the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell and the photothermal reflector are sandwiched between two layers of high light transmittance glass to form an assembly;

[0012] The various layers of the component are pressed and packaged together using a vacuum packaging process or an adhesive process, so that the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell and the photothermal reflector fit tightly.

[0013] Further, the high light transmittance glass bonded to the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell is set as the upper glass, and the high light transmittance glass bonded to the photothermal reflector is set as the lower glass, and also includes:

[0014] A nano-scale anti-reflection coating is coated on the inner side of the upper glass, and the nano-scale anti-reflection coating adopts a silicon dioxide coating or a silicon nitride coating.

[0015] Further, the high light transmittance glass bonded to the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell is set as the upper glass, and the high light transmittance glass bonded to the photothermal reflector is set as the lower glass, and also includes:

[0016] The self-repairing coating is coated on the outer sides of the upper glass and the lower glass respectively by solution dipping, spraying or brushing process, and the self-repairing coating adopts polyurethane or silicone modified polyacrylate material.

[0017] Further, the high light transmittance glass bonded to the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell is set as the upper glass, and the high light transmittance glass bonded to the photothermal reflector is set as the lower glass, and also includes:

[0018] Air bags are arranged on the inner sides of the upper glass and the lower glass respectively, and the air bags are made of flexible rubber or polymer material.

[0019] Further, the high light transmittance glass bonded to the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell is set as the upper glass, and the high light transmittance glass bonded to the photothermal reflector is set as the lower glass, and also includes:

[0020] A functional composite layer is coated on the inner side of the upper glass by spraying, sol-gel method or chemical vapor deposition process, and the functional composite layer is a nano ceramic coating or a light-heat regulating coating.

[0021] According to a method for manufacturing a glass pressed photovoltaic thermal coupling structure provided by the present invention, a semi-transparent photovoltaic cell and a thermal reflector are pressed together by using high light transmittance glass, specifically comprising:

[0022] Laminating and arranging the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell and the surface of the photothermal reflector;

[0023] At least three layers of functional glass are arranged on the upper surface of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell, and a layer of high light transmittance glass is arranged on the lower surface of the photothermal reflector to form an assembly; wherein the inner side of the functional glass bonded to the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell is coated with an anti-reflection coating;

[0024] The various layers of the component are pressed and packaged together using a heat pressing process to ensure that the semi-transparent photovoltaic cells and the photothermal reflectors fit tightly together.

[0025] According to a method for manufacturing a glass pressed photovoltaic thermal coupling structure provided by the present invention, a semi-transparent photovoltaic cell and a thermal reflector are pressed together by using high light transmittance glass, specifically comprising:

[0026] The hot bending process is used to process high-transmittance glass, semi-transparent photovoltaic cells and photothermal reflectors into curved surfaces that can fit together;

[0027] The high-transmittance glass, the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell and the photothermal reflector are tightly pressed together by using a vacuum packaging process or an adhesive process, so that the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell and the photothermal reflector are tightly fitted together.

[0028] The method further includes: coating a nano-scale anti-reflection coating on the inner side of the high-transmittance glass, wherein the nano-scale anti-reflection coating is a silicon dioxide coating or a silicon nitride coating.

[0029] The manufacturing method of the glass pressed photovoltaic thermal coupling structure provided by the present invention can effectively reduce the use of mechanical structures and fixings, reduce manufacturing costs and installation difficulties, and the manufactured glass pressed photovoltaic thermal coupling structure has good light transmission effect and durability, and better structural stability. Since the high-transmittance glass has extremely high light transmittance and can support and protect the semi-transparent photovoltaic cells, it can also effectively reduce the refraction and scattering effects of the air interface on light, and improve the photoelectric and photothermal conversion efficiency of the overall system. The glass pressed thermal coupling structure manufactured by the manufacturing method provided by the present invention can be applied to tower-type thermal power stations, trough-type thermal power stations, Fresnel-type thermal power stations, dish-type thermal power stations and other thermal power stations. The glass pressed thermal coupling structure is suitable for photovoltaic thermal integration systems with high requirements for durability and resistance to climate change, and is also suitable for applications that are subject to environmental factors such as wind, rain, and ultraviolet rays for a long time. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific implementation methods of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the specific implementation methods or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some implementation methods of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0031] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of the manufacturing method of the glass pressed photovoltaic thermal coupling structure of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a glass pressed photovoltaic thermal coupling structure made by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 3 Another schematic diagram of a glass pressed photovoltaic thermal coupling structure manufactured by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 4 This is another schematic diagram of a glass pressed photovoltaic thermal coupling structure manufactured using an embodiment of the present invention.

[0035] Description of reference numerals:

[0036] 1. Semi-transparent photovoltaic cells;

[0037] 2. Photothermal reflector;

[0038] 3. High light transmittance glass;

[0039] 4. Upper glass;

[0040] 5. Middle glass;

[0041] 6. Inner glass;

[0042] 7. Lower glass;

[0043] 8. Anti-reflective coating. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0045] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise" and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0046] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present invention, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined. In addition, the terms "installed", "connected" and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal connection of two components. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0047] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the manufacturing method of the glass pressed photovoltaic thermal coupling structure according to the embodiment of the present invention is as follows:

[0048] Preparation of semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 1;

[0049] Prepare a photothermal reflector 2;

[0050] The semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 1 and the photothermal reflector 2 are pressed and packaged by using high-transmittance glass 3 to form a glass pressed photovoltaic photothermal coupling structure.

[0051] The embodiment of the present invention uses a glass pressing method to achieve a close fit between the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 1 and the photothermal reflector 2, which can effectively reduce the use of mechanical structures and fixings, reduce manufacturing costs and installation difficulties, and the manufactured glass pressing photovoltaic photothermal coupling structure has good light transmission effect and durability, and better structural stability. Since the high-transmittance glass 3 has extremely high light transmittance and can support and protect the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 1, it can also effectively reduce the refraction and scattering effects of the air interface on light, thereby improving the photoelectric and photothermal conversion efficiency of the overall system.

[0052] The glass pressed photovoltaic thermal coupling structure made by the embodiment of the present invention can be applied to tower-type thermal power stations, trough-type thermal power stations, Fresnel-type thermal power stations, dish-type thermal power stations and other thermal power stations. The glass pressed photovoltaic thermal coupling structure is suitable for photovoltaic thermal integration systems with high requirements for durability and climate change resistance, such as high-efficiency solar thermal cogeneration systems, large-scale thermal power generation systems, building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV), etc., and is also suitable for applications that are subject to long-term environmental factors such as wind, rain, and ultraviolet rays. The glass pressed photovoltaic thermal coupling structure is very suitable for commercial production and large-scale manufacturing, and can be widely used in the fields of architectural photovoltaic glass, photovoltaic glass components, etc. In photovoltaic applications that require high transparency, the glass pressed photovoltaic thermal coupling structure can ensure the optimization of the light transmittance and reflectivity of photovoltaic cells, and is suitable for applications such as transparent photovoltaic windows or transparent photovoltaic walls.

[0053] The preparation of semi-transparent photovoltaic cells, the preparation of photothermal reflectors and the specific method of coupling the two are described in detail below.

[0054] 1. Preparation process of semi-transparent photovoltaic cells

[0055] The semi-transparent photovoltaic cell of this embodiment can be a semi-transparent perovskite solar cell, a semi-transparent quantum dot solar cell, a semi-transparent dye-sensitized solar cell or a semi-transparent organic solar cell. The structure of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell includes: an encapsulation layer, a first transparent electrode, a hole transport layer, a light absorption layer, an electron transport layer, a second transparent electrode and a substrate. The specific preparation process is as follows:

[0056] 1. Clean the substrate: Use deionized water, ethanol and acetone to ultrasonically clean the substrate in sequence to remove surface impurities. Then blow dry the substrate with nitrogen and treat the substrate surface with UV-Ozone or plasma to improve wettability.

[0057] 2. Depositing the first transparent electrode: depositing an ITO or FTO thin film on the substrate by magnetron sputtering or thermal evaporation to form a first transparent electrode, and then annealing the first transparent electrode (the annealing temperature is controlled at 500°C and the annealing time is controlled at 30 minutes) to improve conductivity and light transmittance.

[0058] 3. Preparation of hole transport layer: Use PEDOT:PSS material to directly deposit the hole transport layer by spin coating or slit coating, and then bake and solidify.

[0059] 4. Prepare the light absorption layer: prepare the perovskite precursor solution (such as a solution of lead iodide + MAI in DMF / DMSO). Then coat the perovskite layer on the hole transport layer by spin coating, and add anti-solvents (such as chloroform, toluene, etc.) during the spin coating process to induce perovskite crystallization. Then put the prepared substrate into a hot plate for heating and annealing (annealing temperature can be set to 100°C, annealing time is controlled to 20 minutes) to form a uniform light absorption layer.

[0060] 5. Preparation of electron transport layer: C60 is deposited on the perovskite light absorption layer by vacuum thermal evaporation to form an electron transport layer.

[0061] 6. Depositing the second transparent electrode: Using a thermal evaporation deposition method, 8 to 15 nm of metal such as Ag or Au is deposited on the electron transport layer to form a second transparent electrode.

[0062] 7. Packaging: Use epoxy resin or polymer packaging film and other materials to cover and package the entire device to prevent moisture and oxygen in the environment from corroding the perovskite material. It needs to be packaged under vacuum and subjected to UV curing or hot pressing.

[0063] 2. Preparation process of photothermal reflector

[0064] The structure of the photothermal reflector of this embodiment includes: a glass substrate, a metal coating, a spectrum separation layer and a nano anti-reflection coating. The preparation process of the photothermal reflector includes the steps of selecting the material of the reflector, a molding process, setting the spectrum separation layer, and depositing the nano anti-reflection coating. The photothermal reflector achieves more efficient light energy utilization through the multiple settings of the spectrum separation layer and the nano anti-reflection coating. The specific preparation process is as follows:

[0065] 1. Make the reflector body: Use metal materials with high reflectivity such as aluminum or silver to coat the glass substrate to form the reflector body to ensure that the reflectivity is above 90%.

[0066] The reflector body can be a flat structure or a curved structure. When the reflector body is a curved structure, the glass substrate needs to be processed into a micro-curved or curved shape by hot bending or vacuum forming technology. Alternatively, a flexible polymer substrate material (such as PI film) is used to replace the glass substrate, so that the reflector has lightweight and impact resistance.

[0067] 2. Prepare the spectrum separation layer: Use electron beam evaporation to alternately deposit silicon dioxide and aluminum oxide on the surface of the reflector. The thickness of each layer of silicon dioxide and aluminum oxide is controlled between 5 and 100 nanometers to ensure high reflectivity of ultraviolet-visible light and allow infrared light to pass through. Optimize the thickness and refractive index of the multilayer film, use the interference principle to achieve spectral selective reflection, and maximize the light absorption rate of the photovoltaic cell.

[0068] 3. Deposition of nano anti-reflection coating: Use sol-gel method or electron beam evaporation method to deposit nano anti-reflection coating on the surface of the spectrum separation layer to ensure uniform distribution and improve the light transmission performance of the reflector. Among them, the nano anti-reflection coating selects hydrophobic and high temperature resistant materials (such as silicon dioxide, fluoride, etc.), and the thickness of the nano anti-reflection coating is controlled at 100 to 200 nanometers to reduce light reflection loss and improve the weather resistance of the reflector. Self-cleaning nanoparticles such as titanium dioxide can also be used as additives for the nano anti-reflection coating to give the mirror a self-cleaning function while maintaining high light transmittance.

[0069] 4. High temperature stability treatment: Plasma surface treatment is performed on the nano anti-reflection coating to improve its chemical stability in high temperature environments. The prepared photothermal reflector is then placed under simulated high temperature conditions for aging testing to ensure that the reflector maintains efficient optical performance when exposed to high temperature environments for a long time.

[0070] 3. Coupling process of semi-transparent photovoltaic cells and photothermal reflectors

[0071] 1. Pressing of upper and lower layers of glass

[0072] The semi-transparent photovoltaic cell and the photothermal reflector are encapsulated and pressed by using two layers of high light transmittance glass, and the two layers of high light transmittance glass can be used as a protective layer of the glass pressed photovoltaic photothermal coupling structure. The method specifically includes the following steps:

[0073] The semi-transparent photovoltaic cell and the surface of the photothermal reflector are bonded and arranged, and the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell and the photothermal reflector are sandwiched between upper and lower layers of high-transmittance glass.

[0074] The two layers of high-transmittance glass are tightly pressed together using a vacuum packaging process or an adhesive process to ensure a tight fit between the semi-transparent photovoltaic cells and the photothermal reflectors.

[0075] The high light transmittance glass may be low iron ultra-white tempered glass or fluoride glass.

[0076] Specifically, the high-transmittance glass bonded to the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell is set as the upper glass, and the high-transmittance glass bonded to the photothermal reflector is set as the lower glass. Then, a nano-level anti-reflection coating can be coated on the inner side of the upper glass (the side in contact with the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell) to improve the transmittance of light and reduce reflection loss. The nano-level anti-reflection coating uses a silicon dioxide coating or a silicon nitride coating. The thickness of the nano-level anti-reflection coating is controlled between 100 and 200 nanometers, and has excellent anti-reflection properties.

[0077] 2. Single-layer hot-bent glass pressing method

[0078] The semi-transparent photovoltaic cell and the photothermal reflector are packaged and pressed by using a single layer of heat-bent glass. The method specifically comprises the following steps:

[0079] The hot bending process is used to process high-transmittance glass, semi-transparent photovoltaic cells and photothermal reflectors into curved shapes that can fit together.

[0080] The high-transmittance glass, the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell and the photothermal reflector are tightly pressed together by using a vacuum packaging process or an adhesive process, so that the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell and the photothermal reflector are tightly fitted together.

[0081] Due to the bending properties of this single-layer heat-bent glass, it is suitable for flexible photovoltaic modules in trough or dish-type solar thermal systems, avoiding the limitations of traditional rigid glass and ensuring the overall optical effect.

[0082] The high light transmittance glass is made of low-iron ultra-white tempered glass or fluoride glass, and the thickness of the high light transmittance glass is controlled between 1 and 2 mm.

[0083] In addition, a nano-scale anti-reflection coating can be applied to the inner side of the high-transmittance glass (the side in contact with the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell) to improve the transmittance of light and reduce reflection loss. The nano-scale anti-reflection coating uses a silicon dioxide coating or a silicon nitride coating. The thickness of the nano-scale anti-reflection coating is controlled between 100 and 200 nanometers and has excellent anti-reflection properties.

[0084] As an effective photovoltaic-thermal coupling technology, glass lamination can be expanded and optimized in the following ways based on the above-mentioned packaging and lamination of two layers of high-transmittance glass and a single layer of heat-bent glass, further improving the performance and durability of the photovoltaic-thermal integrated system. These optimization methods are described in detail below.

[0085] 3. Composite glass pressing method

[0086] The composite layer glass lamination method adds a functional composite layer to the above-mentioned upper and lower glass structures. The composite layer can use nano-ceramics or photothermal control materials. The main function of the composite layer is to adjust the spectral transmittance and improve the thermal isolation performance. For example, a nano-metal oxide coating with high reflectivity is used to enhance the reflection efficiency of the photothermal reflector. At the same time, the optical design of the composite layer is optimized to control the light absorption of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell, thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the structure. The composite layer can not only improve the optical properties, but also enhance the thermal shock resistance of the glass structure. Especially in an environment with extreme temperature changes, this structure can maintain higher stability and durability.

[0087] 4. Self-repairing glass packaging method

[0088] The self-repairing glass packaging principle introduces self-repairing materials, specifically a coating with self-repairing function on the surface of the glass layer. This coating is usually based on polyurethane or silicone materials and has good UV resistance and weather resistance. When the self-repairing coating is slightly scratched or cracked on the glass surface, it can restore its original state at room temperature through physical or chemical reactions, thereby maintaining the integrity of the photovoltaic thermal coupling structure. This method enables the photovoltaic thermal coupling structure to maintain optical and thermal properties for a long time during long-term use, significantly extending the service life of the equipment and reducing the frequency of repairs and maintenance.

[0089] 5. Multi-layer glass hot pressing

[0090] The multi-layer glass hot pressing method achieves optimized packaging through multiple layers of glass materials with different functions. Each layer of glass material has different functions. For example, the outermost layer uses ultra-white tempered glass to enhance weather resistance and UV resistance, the middle layer uses high-transmittance fluoride glass, and the inner layer uses high-transmittance glass that can improve the efficiency of photovoltaic cells and is coated with an anti-reflective coating. The multi-layer glass structure can not only achieve multiple optical controls and improve the overall optical transmittance, but also enhance the mechanical strength of the overall structure, so as to better adapt to complex environments and high temperature conditions. In addition, the multi-layer glass structure can effectively extend the service life of the photovoltaic thermal coupling structure under different temperature and climatic conditions.

[0091] 6. Airbag glass packaging method

[0092] The airbag glass encapsulation method provides a flexible and efficient solution for photovoltaic-thermal coupling structures by introducing airbag materials as part of the glass encapsulation. The airbag can serve as a buffer layer during the glass pressing process to ensure that the pressing force between the glass and the photovoltaic cell or the photothermal reflector is evenly distributed, avoiding local excessive pressure that may cause material rupture or damage. This method is particularly suitable for long-term use in extreme environments, and can effectively adapt to temperature fluctuations and pressure changes, improving the stability of the overall system.

[0093] Through the application of the above method, the glass pressed photovoltaic thermal coupling structure can not only significantly improve the optical performance and thermal efficiency, but also enhance the durability and maintainability. The above process method has laid a solid foundation for the widespread application of photovoltaic thermal integration, especially in dealing with extreme environments and long-term operation.

[0094] The preparation processes of the specific composite layer glass pressing method, the self-repairing glass packaging method, the multi-layer glass hot pressing method and the airbag glass packaging method are described in detail below.

[0095] Composite glass lamination

[0096] The preparation process first requires the preparation of two layers of high-transmittance glass, usually low-iron ultra-white tempered glass or fluoride glass, as the basis for encapsulation. Then, a functional composite layer is designed and prepared. The composite layer can be made of nano-ceramics or photothermal regulation materials, for example, a nano-metal oxide coating with high reflectivity. The design of the composite layer requires the control of its spectral transmittance in order to adjust the light absorption and reflection efficiency between the photovoltaic cell and the photothermal reflector.

[0097] The preparation steps are as follows:

[0098] 1. Clean the two layers of high-transmittance glass to ensure that there is no oil, dust and other impurities.

[0099] 2. Coating a functional composite layer (such as a nano-ceramic coating or a photothermal control coating) on ​​the surface of one layer of high-transmittance glass, and achieving uniform coating by spraying, sol-gel method or chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and other methods.

[0100] 3. After the coating is cured, align the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell and the photothermal reflector and sandwich them between two layers of high-transmittance glass, and make the side of the high-transmittance glass coated with the functional composite layer fit with the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell.

[0101] 4. Use vacuum packaging or gluing technology to tightly press the entire component to ensure that there are no bubbles or gaps between the layers of the component.

[0102] 5. Finally, the components are fixed into shape through heat pressing or vacuum treatment to ensure that the composite layer performs the intended function.

[0103] The key to this method lies in the material selection and coating process of the functional composite layer, as well as the tight packaging between the high-light-transmittance glass layers.

[0104] Self-repairing glass packaging

[0105] The key to the self-healing glass packaging method lies in the preparation of self-healing coatings, which are usually based on polyurethane or silicone materials that have the function of automatically recovering when minor scratches or cracks appear.

[0106] The preparation process includes:

[0107] 1. Prepare two layers of high-transmittance glass substrate, usually low-iron tempered glass is selected as the packaging material.

[0108] 2. Select a self-repairing coating material, such as polyurethane or silicone-modified polyacrylate, and apply the self-repairing coating on one side of each layer of high-transmittance glass. The self-repairing coating can be applied to the surface of the high-transmittance glass by solution dipping, spraying or brushing. The thickness of the self-repairing coating is generally between 10 and 50 microns.

[0109] 3. The self-repairing coating is cured. The curing method can be completed by ultraviolet (UV) curing, thermal curing or electron beam curing to ensure that the self-repairing coating has high UV resistance and weather resistance.

[0110] 4. Assemble the semi-transparent photovoltaic cells and the photothermal reflectors between the two layers of high-transmittance glass, and make the self-repairing coating located on the outside of the high-transmittance glass. Then, use an adhesive process or a vacuum packaging process to press the above four-layer structure into an assembly to ensure close contact between the layers of the assembly.

[0111] In this way, the applied self-healing coating can automatically recover under external impact or scratching, extending the service life of the photovoltaic-thermal coupling structure.

[0112] Multi-layer glass hot pressing

[0113] The multi-layer glass hot pressing method is to encapsulate the photovoltaic thermal coupling structure by hot pressing multiple glass layers with different functions. These glass layers have different material properties, which can effectively improve the overall optical performance and mechanical strength.

[0114] The preparation process is as follows:

[0115] 1. Prepare four layers of glass materials. The upper glass can be ultra-white tempered glass, the middle glass can be fluoride glass, the inner glass can be high-transmittance semi-tempered ultra-white glass, and the lower glass can be low-iron ultra-white tempered glass.

[0116] 2. Each layer of glass material is cleaned to ensure that there are no impurities on its surface.

[0117] 3. Coat one side of the inner glass with an anti-reflective coating, using silicon dioxide or silicon nitride coating, with the coating thickness generally controlled between 100 and 200 nanometers. After coating, cure it with heat treatment or ultraviolet light.

[0118] 4. Stack the upper glass, middle glass, inner glass, translucent photovoltaic cell, photothermal reflector and lower glass in sequence to form a component, wherein the anti-reflective coating of the inner glass is laminated with the translucent photovoltaic cell, and ensure that the positions of each layer of the component are aligned.

[0119] 5. Place the components in the hot pressing equipment and use high temperature and high pressure conditions for hot pressing. Usually, the hot pressing temperature is between 100 and 150 ° C, the pressure is controlled between 5 and 10 MPa, and it is maintained for several minutes to tens of minutes to ensure that the layers of the components are tightly bonded and avoid bubbles.

[0120] 6. After hot pressing is completed, wait for it to cool to room temperature and check the sealing and bonding strength between the layers of the component.

[0121] This method not only improves the weather resistance of the photovoltaic-thermal coupling structure, but also enhances the optical adjustment capability through the combination of different functional glass layers.

[0122] Airbag glass packaging method

[0123] The airbag glass packaging method introduces airbag materials to provide flexible and uniform pressing force, preventing local excessive pressure from damaging photovoltaic cells or solar thermal reflectors.

[0124] The preparation process is as follows:

[0125] 1. Prepare two glass substrates and airbag materials. The airbag can be made of flexible rubber or polymer material to ensure that it can provide uniform cushioning force during the lamination process.

[0126] 2. Cut the airbag material into suitable shapes according to the design requirements and fix them on the inner side of each layer of glass. The position of the airbag material should ensure that the pressure can be evenly distributed.

[0127] 3. Place the photothermal reflector and the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell between two layers of glass to form an assembly, so that the airbag of each layer of glass fits with the photothermal reflector and the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell respectively, and ensure the tightness between the materials.

[0128] 4. Use vacuum packaging technology or gluing technology to package the various layers of the components into one, and achieve uniform pressing of the airbags through the combined action of pressure and temperature to avoid the formation of bubbles or gaps between the layers of the components.

[0129] 5. Check the packaged product to ensure that the pressing force is uniform and the airbag is intact.

[0130] This method is particularly suitable for photovoltaic-thermal coupling structures used in complex environments, and has better adaptability and long-term stability.

[0131] The various glass pressing methods mentioned above can provide an efficient and reliable coupling solution for photovoltaic-thermal coupling structures, which can effectively improve the optical and thermal performance of the structure, extend its service life, and optimize maintenance requirements.

[0132] In summary, the photovoltaic-thermal coupling structure using the glass pressing method shows significant advantages in stability, especially in terms of weather resistance, long-term stability and thermal shock resistance, which provides a strong guarantee for the long-term reliable operation of the photovoltaic-thermal coupling structure.

[0133] First, after 1,000 hours of environmental weathering tests, the performance retention rate of the photovoltaic-thermal coupling structure made by glass pressing exceeded 95%. The test covered a temperature range of -20°C to 85°C, proving that the structure can still maintain excellent stability under a wide range of temperature changes, and can effectively prevent problems such as material aging and performance degradation caused by temperature fluctuations. Compared with traditional photovoltaic-thermal coupling systems, the glass pressing method significantly improves the long-term stability of the structure, extends the service life of the structure, and reduces the need for frequent maintenance and replacement of components.

[0134] Secondly, in terms of thermal shock resistance, the photovoltaic thermal coupling structure made by glass pressing can withstand large temperature differences without cracking or deformation. Under conditions of rapid changes from room temperature to high temperature (such as 150°C), the photovoltaic thermal coupling structure can maintain a low difference in thermal expansion coefficient, effectively avoiding potential cracks and structural failures caused by material thermal expansion mismatch. After 100 rapid cooling and heating tests, the photovoltaic thermal coupling structure did not show obvious performance degradation, demonstrating excellent thermal stability.

[0135] Finally, the mechanical strength of the photovoltaic-thermal coupling structure made by glass pressing has also been significantly improved. Through the structural design of multi-layer glass encapsulation, the photovoltaic-thermal coupling structure can withstand greater external impact and pressure, ensuring the structural integrity in long-term use. Especially in harsh environments such as wind and sand, snowstorms, etc., the photovoltaic-thermal coupling structure can resist damage from the external environment, further improving its adaptability and stability.

[0136] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or replace some or all of the technical features therein with equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for manufacturing a glass pressed photovoltaic thermal coupling structure, characterized in that: include: Preparation of semi-transparent photovoltaic cells; Preparation of photothermal reflectors; High-transmittance glass is used to press-package the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell and the photothermal reflector to form a glass-pressed photovoltaic-photothermal coupling structure.

2. The method for manufacturing a glass pressed photovoltaic-thermal coupling structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The semi-transparent photovoltaic cell and the photothermal reflector are laminated using high-transmittance glass, including: The semi-transparent photovoltaic cell and the photothermal reflector are laminated and arranged on the surface, and the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell and the photothermal reflector are sandwiched between two layers of high light transmittance glass to form an assembly; The various layers of the component are pressed and packaged together using a vacuum packaging process or an adhesive process, so that the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell and the photothermal reflector fit tightly.

3. The method for manufacturing a glass pressed photovoltaic-thermal coupling structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The high light transmittance glass bonded to the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell is set as the upper glass, and the high light transmittance glass bonded to the photothermal reflector is set as the lower glass, and also includes: A nano-scale anti-reflection coating is coated on the inner side of the upper glass, and the nano-scale anti-reflection coating adopts a silicon dioxide coating or a silicon nitride coating.

4. The method for manufacturing a glass pressed photovoltaic-thermal coupling structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The high light transmittance glass bonded to the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell is set as the upper glass, and the high light transmittance glass bonded to the photothermal reflector is set as the lower glass, and also includes: The self-repairing coating is coated on the outer sides of the upper glass and the lower glass respectively by solution dipping, spraying or brushing process, and the self-repairing coating adopts polyurethane or silicone modified polyacrylate material.

5. The method for manufacturing a glass pressed photovoltaic-thermal coupling structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The high light transmittance glass bonded to the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell is set as the upper glass, and the high light transmittance glass bonded to the photothermal reflector is set as the lower glass, and also includes: Air bags are arranged on the inner sides of the upper glass and the lower glass respectively, and the air bags are made of flexible rubber or polymer material.

6. The method for manufacturing a glass pressed photovoltaic-thermal coupling structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The high light transmittance glass bonded to the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell is set as the upper glass, and the high light transmittance glass bonded to the photothermal reflector is set as the lower glass, and also includes: A functional composite layer is coated on the inner side of the upper glass by spraying, sol-gel method or chemical vapor deposition process, and the functional composite layer is a nano ceramic coating or a light-heat regulating coating.

7. The method for manufacturing a glass pressed photovoltaic-thermal coupling structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The semi-transparent photovoltaic cell and the photothermal reflector are laminated using high-transmittance glass, including: Laminating and arranging the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell and the surface of the photothermal reflector; At least three layers of functional glass are arranged on the upper surface of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell, and a layer of high light transmittance glass is arranged on the lower surface of the photothermal reflector to form an assembly; wherein the inner side of the functional glass bonded to the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell is coated with an anti-reflection coating; The various layers of the component are pressed and packaged together using a heat pressing process to ensure that the semi-transparent photovoltaic cells and the photothermal reflectors fit tightly together.

8. The method for manufacturing a glass pressed photovoltaic-thermal coupling structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The semi-transparent photovoltaic cell and the photothermal reflector are laminated using high-transmittance glass, including: The hot bending process is used to process high-transmittance glass, semi-transparent photovoltaic cells and photothermal reflectors into curved surfaces that can fit together; The high-transmittance glass, the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell and the photothermal reflector are tightly pressed together by using a vacuum packaging process or an adhesive process, so that the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell and the photothermal reflector are tightly fitted together.

9. The method for manufacturing a glass pressed photovoltaic-thermal coupling structure according to claim 8, characterized in that: Also includes: A nano-scale anti-reflection coating is coated on the inner side of the high light transmittance glass, wherein the nano-scale anti-reflection coating is a silicon dioxide coating or a silicon nitride coating.

10. The method for manufacturing a glass pressed photovoltaic-thermal coupling structure according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The glass pressed photovoltaic thermal coupling structure is suitable for a tower-type solar thermal power generation system, a trough-type solar thermal power generation system, a Fresnel-type solar thermal power generation system, and a dish-type solar thermal power generation system.

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